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A. Hangan, L. Vacariu, O. Cret, H. Hedesiu

Technical University of Cluj-NapocaA Prototype for the Remote Monitoring of Water ParametersOverviewContextMain issues of water parameters monitoringThe water parameters monitoring systemThe remote monitoring systemThe wireless sensors networkApplication for accidental pollution detectionContextWater parameters and water quality monitoring important in the context of water resources management

Methods for water parameters monitoring:Manual gathering of samples: variable sampling frequency, high costsMonitoring stations along the shore: high costs, large environmental impactRemote monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and wireless data transmission: reduced costs and environmental impact

ContextIn Romania - as floods and river pollution appear frequently, there is need for advanced water management practices and tools

Research objective:Develop water parameters monitoring system prototype with wireless sensor networks technology

Monitoring system integrated with the Cyberwater e-platform

Water parameters monitoringWater monitoring sensor networks componentsSensor nodes (measurement)Dataloggers (gather data, computation nodes)Community interface nodes (data is made public)Communication:Local: between sensor nodes and dataloggersShort range, high frequency, low amounts of data per transmissionLong distance: between dataloggers and community interface nodesTakes place rarely (e.g. every two hours), larger amounts of dataWater parameters monitoringEnergy consumptionType of measured parameters:Sensor technology does not currently exist for making high frequency measurements of concentrationsSmall set of parameters: surrogates; used to estimate the variable of interest Standard set of parameters: water temperaturedischarge specific conductance,turbiditypHdissolved oxygen

Water parameters monitoring systemCyberwater e-platform for managing water resources, focused on pollution phenomena in rivers

Monitoring system facilitates acquisition and storage of data from sensor networks placed on the river shore

Remote monitoring systemArchitecture of a monitoring system that facilitates the measurement, acquisition and storage of water parametersSensors located on the river shore measure water parameterData acquisition sub-system on the river shore gathers data from sensorsMeasurement setup => architecture of local data acquisition sub-systemSituations:S1: Measurements made in a small area of the riverS2: Distance between two measurement locations >1km

Remote monitoring systemSolution:S1: nodes (distance1km)1node+1gateway for data acquisition and long distance communication; communication between subsequent nodes and local decision making not possible.GSM communication feasible solution for long distance communication from the river shoreCollected data in a remote databaseDatabase structure flexible enough to allow storage of data from a wide variety of sensors in different formatsPrototype architecture

Monitoring applicationMonitoring applicationDBData service providerSensor data storage applicationGSM data storage serviceGSM modemGSM modemMultiple WSNs on the river

Water parameters monitoring prototype architectureWireless sensors network

WSN solution from National Instruments (NI)Wireless sensors networkNI wireless solution allows integrating wired & wireless measurements, accessing remote data with secure web services and communicating with third-party wireless sensorsComponents (programable): gateway, nodes, (remote) computer for data storageNI WSN is especially designed for distributed monitoring applications: battery-powered, outdoor capable, wireless communication, operating range of 300 meters, industrial temperature ratings

Accidental pollution detectionDetect accidental pollution on a river segment located downstream of a wastewater treatment plantContinuous measurements are made in four locations:first location after the wastewater treatment plantsecond, third and fourth locations after 4, 6 and 8 kilometers Human specialists determine the propagation pattern based on the measured valuesMonitored water parameters: discharge, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, pH and dissolved oxygen.Parameters used as surogates

ConclusionsOn-going research work in the direction of continuous monitoring of water parametersWe identified and made an analysis of the main issues for water parameters monitoringWe proposed a prototype for remote monitoring water parameters, which is part of the Cyberwater e-platformFuture work: deployment of the proposed prototype solution, calibration of sensors and practical measurements of parameters