a guide to eco-districts especially for small cities...
TRANSCRIPT
AGUIDETOECO-DISTRICTSESPECIALLYFOR
SMALLCITIES,TOWNSANDVILLAGES
BySustainableHudsonValleywithsupportfromtheNorthernWestchesterEnergyActionConsortium
“Itiseasiertotameawildideathantopushacloser-inideafartherout.”
–AlexOsborn,CreativeEducationFoundation
1
©2017Acknowledgements
Thanksto:HerbOringelandMikeGordonofNorthernWestchesterEnergyActionConsortium(nowpartofSustainableWestchester)fortheoriginalvision;MariaFields(JouleAssets)andMeganSaunders(Stamford2030)forhelpingwiththeenergyframework;PhilMyrickandGaryToth(ProjectforPublicSpaces)forbeingaportaltothewisdomandexperienceofrevitalizingsmallpublicspaces;KatherineMatus,StephanieHince,LauraCullen,HannahKarpandCodyClement-Sandersforresearchandeditorialassistance;andtheentireEco-Districts™movement.Andmore:youknowwhoyouare…
2
TABLEOFCONTENTS
Invitation…………...……………………………………………………………..3StateoftheArt…………………………………………………………………....5ThePlace:Land,Buildings,Infrastructure……………………………………....10 TransportationandMobility…………………………………………………….13Energy…………………………………………………………………………....15Water…………………………………………………………………………….18Materials………………………………………………………………………...21FoodandAgriculture…………………………………………………………….23ArtandAmenities……………………………………………………………….26EconomicandCommunityDevelopment……………………………………….28PuttingitallTogether…………………………………………………………....30AppendixA:12GuidingQuestions……………………………………………...33AppendixB:Glossary…………………………………………………………….34AppendixC:What’sMissingfromMainStreetSampleSurvey………………....35LearnMorebyChapter………………………………………………………….37GeneralReferences……………………………………………………………...39
3
InvitationImagine:You’reoutsideinapublicplacethatjustfeelsrightfromathousandpointsofview.Notonlydothebusinessesandindustriesthereseemtobedoingwell,buttheareaisvisuallypleasingandconvenienttofunctionin.Youcanwalk,bikeorscooteraround,usepublictransit,ordrivewithoutanendlessparkingsearch.Thereareshadetreestohelpbeattheheat,andspacious,durablebusshelterswithamenitieslikesolar-poweredchargers.Itfeelslikeitwasdesignedwithyouinmind,withamenitiessuchaspublicwaterfountains,bencheswithcharging-portsforyourdevices,smallparksscatteredthroughoutthecommunitywithpicnictablesandchessboards.Thereareevenseveralblueberryandraspberrybushesthatarefreeforthepicking.Thisplaceencouragespeopletoenjoythepublicspaceandconductbusiness–anditalsoshowcasesinnovation.Thestreetlightsandchargersaresolar,alongwiththebacklightingonthecommunitychessboards!(Galitzine,2016)Everyblockhascollectionbinsforrecyclingandcompost.Someofthebusinessesarecommonplace,butothersarededicatedtothesamekindsofinnovation.There’sareuseretailcenterwithausedclothingboutique,artsupplyexchange,andbuildingmaterialswarehouse.There’sawatertechnologybusinessincubator1runbythelocaluniversity.Thereareevengourmetfoodtrucksfeaturinggreatstufffromlocalfarms.Whetherornotyourimaginationtookthesameturnsthatminejustdid,whatyou’reinvitedtoimagineisanEco-District2(2016).AnEco-District™isanareawherepeoplelive,work,play,create-andfeelpartof.It’saplacethatisrevitalizedthroughenvironmentallyadvancedupgradesthatmakeiteasytoliveandworkwithreducedenvironmentalimpact,andatthesametimedemonstrateenvironmentalandsocialinnovation.Eco-Districts™demonstrateinnovationsforsustainabledevelopmentandinspireasenseofplace,butmoreimportantly,theyarecomfortable,attractiveplaces.Adowntown,waterfront,acampusanditssurroundingneighborhood,anindustrialareathatisbeingredeveloped,orevenaneighborhoodthatistakingchargeofitsfuture–anyofthesecouldbecomeavibrantEco-District.Anationalmovementisalive--developingEco-DistrictsinmajorcitiesfromPortlandtoPhiladelphiaandBostontoAustin.Thisguidebookfocusesonthesmallercities,townsandvillagesofthenortheasternUnitedStates.ItoutlinesprinciplesforcreatingEco-Districtsusing“lighter,quicker,cheaper”(ProjectforPublicSpaces)approachesthatarewithinthefinancial
1Incubator-Anorganizationdesignedtoacceleratethegrowthandsuccessofentrepreneurialcompaniesthroughanarrayofbusinesssupportresourcesandservicesthatcouldincludephysicalspace,capital,coaching,commonservices,andnetworkingconnections.2Eco-District-AnEco-Districtisasustainableplace,asmallvillage,town,orcitythatputsitspeopleatitscenterandusessustainablepracticesforeverydayfunctions.Byusingsustainablepractices,Eco-Districtsnotonlyprovidefortoday,butalsotakecareoftomorrow.
4
andtechnicalreachofordinarypeople.Theseapproachescanbecombinedwithmoreambitiouscapitalinvestment–say,inacommercialcomplexoramicro-grid(MicrogridKnowledge,p.4);butbyitself,itcanmaketangibledifferenceatthescaleofanordinaryneighborhood.SustainableHudsonValleyproducedthisguidebookattheinstigationofSustainableWestchester,tosupportthatorganization’sworkwithmembercommunities.SustainableHudsonValleyandSustainableWestchesterhaveworkedtogethertobringthestrategyofdistrict-scaledevelopmentintotheMid-HudsonRegionalSustainabilityPlan.ThisisaNewYorkStatefundedframeworkthatisintendedtoguidetheregion’sefforttoreduceitscarbonfootprintwhilestrengtheningtheresiliencyofoureconomy,environmentandcommunities.Ourtwoorganizationshadbeenthemajoradvocatesforacommitmentto“communityenergydistricts”(Mid-HudsonPlanningConsortium,Ch.5)asananchoringprincipleforimplementingtheMid-HudsonRegionalSustainabilityPlan.Wesawtheurgencyinthisissue,anddecidedtotakeaninitiative.Becausetheplaceswithgreatestphysicalopportunityandmotivatedpeoplemaynotbetheoneswiththegreatestaccesstoresources,thisdocumentisorientedtowardwhatanyneighborhoodcandowithoutahugebudget.Thefocusofthisguideisonstepsthatcanbetakenwithrelativelyquickandaffordableapproachesfocusingonamenities,urbanlandscapedesign,resourcemanagement,andbusinessdevelopmentstrategiesinitiatedwithafewmonths’planningandresultswithinthefirstyear.Partmanifestoandpartworkbook,thisdocumentprovidesyouwiththebasicdefinitions,strategies,toolsandstructurethatyouneedtoidentifyanddevelopEco-Districts™intheNortheasternUSandbeyond.Itlaysoutanunderlyingcreativeprocessforidentifyinganeco-districtandbringingstakeholderstogethertorealizetheirvision.Thatdoesnotdependtoomuchonwhereyouare–justonhowyouseethespacesaroundyou.
5
1. STATEOFTHEARTEssence:LivabilitybyDesignSUMMARY
ThereareEco-Districtsinseveraldozenmajorcities,someoftheseinclude–LosAngeles,Detroit,Boston,Portland,Philadelphia,Denver,Austin,Ottawa,andWashington,D.C.Eco-Districtsarespacesthatarerecognizedasneighborhoodsordistricts,withpeoplewhoidentifyaspartofthem(Eco-Districts,2016).Theyareplacestoexperimentwithnewapproachestosustainable,resilientandequitabledevelopmentthatcanbereplicatedwidely.Rightnow,theexperimentsareearly-stageandhighlyexploratory.Asthismovementmatures,ithasthepotentialtobeinfluentialfarbeyondtheoriginalDistricts.EachDistrictisunique.EveryEco-Districtarisesfromacommonvisionofpublicspacethatcombinesenvironmental,socialandeconomicbenefits.The“eco”aspectofdistrictdevelopmentandrevitalizationcanbeadvancedthroughstrategiesthatrestoreandconservetheland,water,trees,habitatsopenspace,andthatusenaturalresourcesresponsiblytominimizehumanimpactswhileenhancingpeople’squalityoflife.Someofthesestrategiesincludebutarenotlimitedto:● Advancedenergypracticesincludingefficiency,
renewablepower,and“smart”systemstomanageenergyloads(suchasshuttingoffelectronicgadgetsremotely)
● People-poweredtransportationsupportedbytrails,bikelanes,bikeracks,andpedestrianfriendlystreets
● Accessibleelectricvehicle(E.V.)charginginfrastructure
● Expandedandefficientpublictransit● Watermanagementsystemsthataredesignedforlow
environmentalimpactbyusingplantstoretainrainwaterandalsoprovideresistancetoflooding,oftenreferredtoasgreeninfrastructure
● Publicfeaturesthatencouragewaterconservationsuchasdrinkingfountainsandwaterbottlefillingstations
● Communityscalegardensandfoodproduction
6
● Localmarketplaces● Publicartthatinspiresandtellsthestoryofthedistrict’spotential● Recyclingandreusecapabilities
Eco-Districtsareoneexampleofaplace-basedstrategytoaccelerateurbansustainabilitybyconcentratingthebenefitsforvisibilityandcreatingafocalpointforcollaboration.Theyarepartofagrowingmovementthatcanbedrawnonforinspirationandexample.Kindredprojectsinclude:2030Districts3-aprogramoftheAmericanInstituteofArchitectsdedicatedtosharplyreducingenergywasteandpollutionfromournation’sbuildingsby2030,focusingoncommercialdistrictswhereenergysavingstranslateintobusinessadvantage(2030Districts,2017)
● Commercialdistrictsinurbancentersoftenbeginbybenchmarkingtheenergythattheirbuildingsuse,andworkingtogetherwithtechnicalassistanceproviderstoreducewaste
● Reducewastebytighteningupindividualbuildingsandexploringdistrictenergyopportunities.
TheCarbon-NeutralCitiesAlliance-whosemembersarecommittedtotransformativechangeintheirapproachestobuildings,transportationandenergy(CNCA,2017)
● AfewmajorUScitiesarechartingtheircoursesto100%renewableenergywithtargetsmostlyinthe2030-2080range--thesoonerthebetterfromaclimateperspective
● Thecommunitiesthathaveactuallygottento100%renewableareaneclecticmix:includingAspen,CO,whichwasapetprojectoftheDepartmentofEnergy,andGreensboro,KS,whichwaslevelledbyatornadoandrebuiltgreen
● Whilethisambitiousagendarequireswork,it’sexcitingworkthatcanattractmanyhandsandminds.
The100ResilientCitiesprogram-oftheRockefellerFoundationandmanypartners,dedicatedtohelpingentirecitiesplanforlower-impact,disaster-securedevelopmentthroughenergyandlandusestrategies(100ResilientCities,2017)
● Resilienceisacomplexideathatincludesbeingabletowithstandemergencieswithbackuppowerorenergystorage,andbeingabletomaintainlivableconditionswithoutheavytechnology
○ E.g.keepingcoolwithtreestoreduceairconditioningdemand,andkeepingwaternearitssourcewithsmartlandscapingpractices.
Whatevertheapproach,reorientingaconventionalcity,townorvillagetobeenvironmentallysustainableandeconomicallyvibrantisamulti-yearinitiativethatrequiresalotofplanningbeforeprogressisvisible.Today,theseedsofsustainableurbandevelopmenthavebeensowidelysownthatmostcommunitieshavesomepotentialtocreateEco-Districtsofsomekind.
32030DIstrict--aprogramdedicatedtosharplyreducingenergywasteandpollutionfromU.S.buildingsby2030,focusingoncommercialdistrictswhereenergysavingstranslateintocostsavings.
7
Whatdotheseintriguingplacesactuallylooklike?TheEco-Districtsmovementisyoung,butsomeoftheearliestprojectsarenowwellestablished.Theirstoriesprovideasenseofpossibilityforourcommunities.Seaholm-Austin,Texas:
TheSeaholmDistrict,locatedinAustin,Texas,isan85-acreredevelopmentareaonthesouth-westernedgeofdowntownthecityislocatedonLadyBirdLake.Formerlyanindustrialarea,Seaholmcovers22cityblocks;9oftheseblocksareAustin-cityowned.Eightcityblocksarecurrentlyunderredevelopment(CityofAustin,2017).ThisdistrictredevelopmenthasbeenledbytheCityofAustinandstartedwithaMasterPlanin1996(CityofAustin,2017).Seaholmalreadyhassolar-poweredbenches,localfoodproductioninitiatives,electricvehiclecharginginfrastructure,aninteractivesustainabilitydashboardatthenewCentralLibrary,andhealthandfitnessprogramsforresidents(CityofAustin,2017).Theseinitiativesengagecitizenstobephysicallyactive,usecleanenergy,takenoticeofsustainabledevelopmentprogress,andeducateothercommunitymembers.Seaholmalsohousesanewmulti-modaltransportationnetworkincludingaplannedMetroRailstop,bustransit,bikesharing,carsharing,hike-and-biketrailconnectionsandafive-milecross-cityrouteconnectingwiththeLanceArmstrongBikeway(CityofAustin,2017).Withthesemeasuresinplace,itiseasytogetfrom‘A’to‘B’inthecityofAustin.Residentscanusepublictransporttocommutetoschool,work,home,andotherplaceswithoutthestressoftrafficandexpendingexcessfuel.Thisinfrastructureiscriticalforthosewhocannotaffordtheirownvehicle,ormayhaveadisability.
SoMa-Portland,Oregon:
SouthofMarket(SoMa),a92-acreareaaroundPortlandStateUniversity,becameanEco-Districtpilotin2009.OneofthemajorgoalsofSoMaistoachievecarbonneutralityinthecityby2040.OnemajorproblemthatwastackledbySoMAwaspollutionfrompublictransportation.TheGreenLineLightRailandBroadwayCycleTrackweredevelopedinordertocreatemoreefficient,accessible,andlessharmfultransportation.AmajoractorofthispilotEco-DistrictisPortlandStateUniversity(PSU).PSUoperatesaSustainabilityInstitutethathasbeeninvolvedwithresearchsupportingcommunitychange.Theuniversityhasuseditsinfluenceasaconvenorforthe90-blockDistrict;overhalfofthisspaceisPortlandStateUniversityowned.MorethanonemajorcontributorwasneededforasuccessfulDistrict,whichcameintoitsownthroughcross-sectorleadershipandfundedmanyofitsprojectsbymeansofpublic-private
8
partnerships.SoMaidentifiedasetofstrategiestoguideitswork:
● DestinationGatheringPlaces● Connectivity● GreenInfrastructure● DistrictUtilities● ExistingBuildingRetrofits
Aftertheoriginalpilotseveralotherprojectstoadvancethesegoalscontinued,including:the“AdoptaBlock”initiative,parkredesign,summerconcertseries,ReUseFair,andKilowattCrackdown.TheSoMaDistricthasalsobecomeamodelforotherEco-DistrictsinPortland,suchas:SouthWaterfront,FosterGreen,Gateway,andLloyd.
“TherehavebeensignificantpositiveoutcomesforthecommunitiesandinvaluablestrengtheningoftheEcoDistrictsmodel:eachpilotneighborhoodhasfoundavoiceandidentitythroughEcoDistrictsthatresonateswithresidentsandfostersanewrelationshipwithmunicipalleadershipandrealestatedevelopers.” (EcoDistricts,2015)
SunValley-Denver,Colorado:
TheSunValleyEco-District,centrallylocatedinDenver,ColoradoisveryuniquecomparedtootherEco-Districtsaroundthecountry.TheSunValleyDistricthasbeenspecificallyformulatedforpeopleoflowsocioeconomicstatuswhoneedaffordablehousingandareseekingemployment.Thiscommunityhasbeenahistoricallylow-density,low-incomecommunity,andisDenver’spoorestneighborhood,andhometomanydifferentimmigrantfamiliesincludingfamiliesandindividualsfromSomalia,Ethiopia,Iraq,andVietnam(Vaccarelli,2016).Themajorityoftheseresidentsliveintheneighborhood’shousingproject.Only5%ofthehomesareowner-occupied.Theneighborhoodisisolatedfromdowntownbymajorhighways,withfewpointsofaccess.TheEco-Districtframeworkallowedforacoherent,compellingredevelopmentplanthatwona$30milliongrantfromtheU.S.DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopmenttobuild1,150unitsofgreenaffordablehousingandimproveconnectionbetweentheneighborhood,publictransportationandthePlatteRiver(Vaccarelli,2016).Akeyelementoftheprojectisinvestmentinyoungpeopleandworkforcedevelopmentthroughconstructionofa31,00squarefoot“youthhub”forafter-schoolactivitiesandtrainingnexttothemainelementaryschool(Vaccarelli,2016).
9
Whenbuild-outiscompleted,SunValleywillbebetterequippedtotransformitselffromahighpoverty,highvacancydistricttoanext-generationneighborhoodwherepeoplecanmoreeasilyusetransittogettowork,wheremoreattractiveandhealthybuildingsfosterhope,andwhereeconomicdevelopmentismoreeasilyattracted.Itwillhouse3,000residents,create300jobs,andcreateorenhanceneighborhoodservices(Vaccarelli,2016).Theprojectaimstobeamodelforcommunityjusticeandtransformation--adestinationthatisnolongerdesolate.
Obviously,creatingahigh-functioningEco-Districtisnotjustamatterofdecidingwhattodowiththephysicalenvironment,butdeterminingwhomakesthosedecisions--whoimplements,controls,maintains,anddecideshowbenefitsaresharedandhowgovernanceishandled.Thisisespeciallytruewhenthedistrictstrategyincludestechnologieswithsharedbenefits,suchasenergydemandmanagementsystemsorgreeninfrastructure.Butitiseverybitasimportantwhendecisionsarebeingmadeaboutpublicspaceandlifestyleoptionsthataffecteveryoneintheneighborhood.Thisincludesbalancinginterests–likedecidingwherethebikeracksandEVchargersgo.Italsoincludessensitivitytoaestheticsandvalues-likewhethersolarcarportsoranurbanfarmactuallyfitwiththeneighborhood’svisionofitself.Thechaptersthatfollowwilloutlineoptionsforinnovativedevelopmentinaseriesofmajorcategories--Energy,Water,Transportation,Materials,FoodandAgriculture,ArtsandAmenities,andEconomicandCommunityDevelopment.Wehavetriedourbesttoofferavisionfordevelopmentthatprotectsandrestoresthenaturalenvironmentwhilealsocreatingattractive,productivelivingenvironmentsforhumanbeings.Thefinalchapter,PuttingitallTogether,focusesonbringingstakeholderstogethertoplan,prepareandcreatetheirownEco-District.GUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. Whoinyourcommunityneedsanextrahandtobesuccessful?
2. Howdoesthedesign(ordeterioration)ofpublicspaceaffectthesepeople’sopportunities(forexample,thestateofhousing,accesstotransportationorgreenspace,theconditionofland)?
3. Howcouldaspecificareaberedevelopedandrevitalizedinawaythatincreases
economic,socialandenvironmentalbenefitssimultaneously?
4. Whatinstitutionsinthecommunitywouldwanttoseethesechangeshappen,andhowcouldtheybebroughttothetable?WhoneedstobeinvolvedintheplanningandorganizationofanEco-Districttomakesuretheideaiswellreceivedandtherearemanyhandstosharethework?
5. HowdotheseelementscometogetherintoameaningfulEco-Districtpartnership?
10
2.ThePlace:Land,Buildings,Infrastructure Essence:Placemaking4Placemakingisturningaplaceyoucan’twaittogetoutof,intooneyouneverwanttoleave.
ProjectforPublicSpaces,2012SUMMARYWithoutaplantomakethewholegreaterthanthatsumoftheparts,neighborhoodsdon’treachtheirpotentialtoattractandempowerpeople.TheProjectforPublicSpacesnotesthatgreatspacesworkinatleastfourdimensions(2012):● UsesandActivities–whatpeopledo,fromlivingandworkingtopublicartandoutdoor
recreation● Sociability–promotedbybenchesandpicnictables,walkingtrailsandparkstocreate
spaceforsocialinteraction● AccessandLinkage–includingaccesstohealthyfood,transit,andnature,andlinkage
amongneighborhoodsandtransportationroutes● ComfortandImage–anattractiveandwelcomingplacethatiskeptupandeasyto
occupyAsaninitialfocusfordefininganEco-District,landusehasmanydimensions.Itincludesbuildingandrenovation;openspaceprotectionandtheworkinglandscape(Cannavò,2007)thatisbothprotectedandutilized.Anurbanworkinglandscapemightincludeaparkwithanamphitheatre,communitygarden,greenhouse,orsculpturegarden.Itcouldalsobeawarehousedistrictwithseveralgreenspacesthatserveasparkletsorarere-plantedwithtrees.Parkletsareamassivelycreativewayto“repurposepartofthestreetnexttothesidewalkintoapublicspaceforpeople”(SanFranciscoParkletManual,p.3).Landusemaywellincludecleaningupandreusingdamagedbrownfieldsandrepurposingspaceslikeoversizedparkinglotsthatwerecreatedinamorecar-centricera.Inurbandistricts,peoplearenowconcernedwithleadleachingthroughthesoil,inpost-industrialareas.WhatmakeslanduseagoodstartingpointforanEco-Districtistheopportunitytoseethepartstogetherasawhole,andtakeafreshlookattheexpanseoflandthatcouldberevitalized.
4Placemaking-Buildingcommunitiesaroundplaces,inspiringpeopletocollectivelyreimaginepublicspacesastheheartofeverycommunity
11
ACTIONS:● Lookforalogicallydefineddistrictintermsofneighborhoods,landfeatures,or
potentiallanduseso e.g.Awaterfront,ahillsideneighborhood,agardendistrict,apark
● Markoffthespacewithinterestingsigns● Communitygardenplot● Butterflygarden/backyardhabitat
workshop● Amappingkioskwitheasymapping
software,wherepeoplecanlayouttheirvisionsforthecommunitychoosingspecificparametersforchange,thenannotate,bookmark,saveandsharetheirmaps.
● Assetmappingevent:what’scoolinourcommunityandhowcoulditcontributemoretoqualityoflife
● Createparklets--smalloreventinygatheringplacesdesignedtotransformsmallpatchesofunderusedland,forexampleincommercialareasoralongpedestrianandbikeroutes
● Lookatwaystoimplementpoliciestomaketheareamorecomfortableandresilientinachangingclimate,suchasraingardens,shadetreesorawnings,coolroofs
● Lookatzoningbarrierstolandusesthatmultiplythevalueofpublicspaceandgetpeopleinteracting
e.g.Fromflowerboxestosidewalkcafes–andreformthemtobetteraccommodateinnovativeuses
● Punctuatepublicspaceswithartsuchassculptureandmurals● Conducta“buildingresiliencyassessment”(Ceres,etal.,2017)tolearnabout
vulnerabilitiesinfloodsandotheremergencies:e.g.Importantequipmenthousedinbasementsthatareatriskinfloods
CASESTUDYTheCityofKingston,NewYork’sfirstcapital,hasdevelopedasahybridofthreedistinctdistricts:Uptown,acommercialareaandsiteoftheCountyseat;Rondout,awaterfrontdistrictnamedafteracreekrunningintotheHudsonRiver;andMidtown,aresidentialandsmallcommercialcorridorwhereCityHall,theLibrary,twohospitalsandtheHighSchoolarealllocated.ThisfragmentationhascontributedtoeconomicdifficultiesfortheCity.
12
EarlyinourworkonEco-Districts,weenvisionedtheBroadwayCorridorinKingstonasa“GreenTrail”unifyingthethreemajordistricts.TheKingstonLandTrustbuiltoutthisimageintoafullgreen-lineofnetworkedpedestrianandbikepathsconnectingtotheHudsonRiver,theNewYorkThruwayandbustransportationtoNewYorkCity.InpartnershipwithUlsterCounty,theyarewellalongthepathtorealizingthatvision.Asprogressismadeincreatingthetrails,creativeinitiativeshavebeenmadetousethatconnectivitytoenhancecommunitylifeandeconomy:amonthlyartswalk,aNightMarketonthewaterfront,andcyclinginfrastructurehavebeencreatedbylocalnonprofitsinpartnershipwiththeCity.NoteworthyistheworkofHealthyKingstonforKids,afouryearprojecttocreatesaferoutesforwalkingandbikingtoschoolandencouragekidstogetoutdoors.
SustainablelandusehasbeendesignedintotheCity’scomprehensiveplan,awaterfrontrevitalizationplan,andanurbanagriculturestrategy(morelateronthat!).Togobeyond“sustainable”into“innovative,”manyagencieshaveworkedtogether.RUPCO,aregionalcommunitydevelopmentorganization,renovatedanumberofhistoricpropertieswithafocusonartists’housingincludingtheKirklandHotelinUptownandtheLaceMillinMidtown.Workingwiththeseanchorsandthecity’smanyartistsgaverisetoanArtsDistrictwhichoverlaysthethreefragmentsandhelpstotiethemtogether.This,inturnsupportseventsandmarketplacessuchasahugeannual“MadeinKingston”marketplace.TheseingredientsgiveusthebasisforafabulousEco-District.GUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. HowdothepeopleinandaroundthepotentialEco-Districtdefineit?
2. Whatiscomfortableandattractiveaboutthisplacethatcouldbeenhanced?WhatareatleasttenassetsthatcouldanchoranEco-Districteffort?
3. Inwhatwaysisithardtoliveandworkhere?
4. Wherearetheobviouslossesthatcanberecovered-forexample,of:
a. Energy
i.e.draftybuildingsorpaymentstodistantutilitiesb. People
i.e.commuterswhogoadistancetoworkbecausetheycan’tfindajobhereduetourbansprawl,lossofindustryorshort-sightedplanning
c. Income i.e.outsourcedservices
5. Wherearetheopportunitiestomakethisplacemorelivableandinteresting?
i.e.benches,waterfountains,paintjobs,usesofvacantproperty
13
3.TRANSPORTATIONANDMOBILITYEssence:CompleteStreetsandCreativeUsers
SUMMARYStreetsdomorethanmovetraffic;theydefinepublicspacebywhoandwhattheyconnect,whotheyseparate,andhowtheyinfluencetheirsurroundings.Whenwebegintoquestionthecurrentdesignanduseofstreetsasagiven,wecanexpandtransportationchoicesandreclaimthepublicspaceinandaroundthem.Thisbeginswhenweexpandtheoptionsformobilitytoincludemorethancars.Completestreetsisaplanningandpolicyapproachtomakestreetsworkforallusers–publictransportation,pedestrians,bicyclesandotherwheelies,handicappedaccess,aswellasdrivingand
parkingourcars(PortlandSustainabilityInstitute,p.25).AcommunitywithaCompleteStreetslawinplacecouldanchoraneco-districtbythedesignofbikeandpedestrianaccess,busshelters,andboatlaunchesifthere’swater.
ACTIONSTakingafreshlookatstreetsandtransportationneedscanopenupelementsofanEco-Districtbyunderstandingthewiderangeofwaysthatstreetsandtheirsurroundingscanbeoutfittedasmulti-useplaces.Methodsarediverse,includingworkontransportationcorridors,amenitiesandservices.Forexample:● Trailandbikewaysystemdevelopment● Multi-sectionaluseofstreets,notonlyforautomobiles● Trafficcalming5● Routeadaptationsincludingbikelanesandsignage● EVcharginginfrastructureattouristattractionsandworkplaces
5TrafficCalming-strategiestohelpdriversslowdownandpaymoreattentiontopedestrians,cyclists,etc.
14
● Bikefriendlycommunityprojectstoincreaseuseandvisibilityofbikes,includingeducationofcyclists
● Bikelendingstations● Bikemapdepictingpaths,racks,andsightseeing● Pedicabs● Rentalshopsforbikes,scooters,kayaks● Skateboardparks● Pedestrianandcyclistamenities
e.g.benchesandtableswithdevicechargingandwaterfountains,andshelters,especiallynearbusstops,Park&Rides,andtrainconnections
GUIDINGQUESTIONS1. Wherearetheopportunitiesforwalking,cycling,paddling,skateboardingandother
non-motorizedformsofmobilityfortransportationandrecreation?Whatamenitieswouldencouragepeopletotakeadvantageofthoseopportunities(e.g.akayaklaunch,abikelendingstation,askateboardpark)?
2. Howcanwalking,biking,skating,andpaddlingbringmorecustomerstolocal
businesses?Howcanthebusinessesandsurroundingpublicspacesworktogethertoachievethisgoal?
3. Howcanpublicspacedesign,localpolicy,andprogramsreallyempowerpeopletoget
outontotheirbikes,wheels,andboatsandusetheseformobilityaswellasrecreation?
4. Howcanmorepeoplegetinspiredandinvolvedindrivinglessandusingmorepeople-poweredformsoftransportation?
15
4.ENERGYEssence:LocalPowerSUMMARYElectricityisnolongeranamenitywegetfromthepowercompanywithoutthinkingaboutit.Peoplewithincities,towns,villages,aswellasresidents,businessandinstitutionleadersarestrategicallythinkingabouttheirenergysupply.Energysupplysourcingisimportantforsecurity,affordability,localcontrolandethicalsourcing.Clean,distributedrenewableenergyisbecomingmuchmoreaffordableforconsumersandisinhighdemand.Thistrendthatwillgrowlargerasenergystoragetechnologieslikebatteriesandfuelcellsbecomemainstreamedinthenextfewyears,allowingsunshineinthedaytimetopowerdevices24/7.Electricvehicles,lawnmowers,andportablechargingdevicesofallkindsofdevicesthatarecomingonlineforindividualsandcommunities.Notonlyareweinthemidstofacleanenergytechnologyrevolution,butmanagementofdemandisalsohelpingelectricityuserstomakemoneybyconservingenergy.Todayitispossibleforabusinesstomakelargeprofitsbysellingitsaccesstopeakelectricitytootherbusinesseswithagreaterneedforthispower.InNewYorkespecially,severalnewbusinessmodelsallowcommunitiestostepintothepowerproductionanddistributiongamewithcommunitysharedsolar;thisallowsmultiplecustomerstopooltheirresources(co-opstyle)andusecommunitychoiceaggregation,allowingmunicipalitiestosourceelectricityfromcleansourcesonbehalfoftheirresidentsandbusinesses.Localenergyplanningisaboutfindingmaximumopportunitiesforclean,renewablepowerfromindividualrooftopstocommunitysettings.Thisrequiresmanagingdemandforenergythroughefficiency--whichcanbebuiltonbehavioralchoicesandalsouseincreasinglysophisticatedsoftware.Energyefficiencyisespeciallyvaluableincommercialdistrictsbecauseeverydollarthatisnotspentonenergyisadollaravailableforpayroll.Energysupplyisnotjustabouthavingenough.It’sabouthavingenoughevenwhenthereisabreakdowninthegrid.Forexample,localelectricpowersupplyismoreresilientifitcomesfrommultiplesourcesthataredistributedinmultiplelocations,andifitdoesn’tdependentirelyonfuel(forexample,ifitincludessomesolarorhydropower),andifitiscombinedwithsomeamountofstorageviabatteriesorfuelcells.Largecommercialdistricts,institutionslikehospitalsanduniversities,andapartmentcomplexesarebeginningtocreate“micro-grids”-powersupplysystemsthatcanbeseparatedfromthegridinanemergency.Onthewaytothesecomplexopportunities,itisvaluablejusttoidentifyopportunitiesforlocallycontrolledpowerthatcanremainaccessiblewhenthegridisdown.Fromtheperspectiveofcreatingasenseofplaceandidentity,thequestionisnotjustwhatkindofenergysupplytodevelop,butwherethoseenergysourcesaresituated.IsenergyproductionvisibleorhiddentotheEco-District?Theuseofelectricityinpublicspacescan
16
includestreetlighting,ground-mountedsolararrays,charginginfrastructure,andsolarshinglesthatisintegratedintobuildingstructures.Geothermalenergyandcombinedheatandpowerarealsoquiteapplicableatthedistrictscale6.ACTIONS● BenchmarkthecurrentenergyuseinDistrict’smajorbuildingsandbringbusinessand
institutionalownerstogethertofigureoutwaysofreducingtheenergyloadandcost● Organizegrouppurchaseopportunitiesforenergy-efficiencyproductsandservicesthat
lotsofpeoplemaybeinterestedinsuchasinsulation,heatpumpsorhighefficiencylightse.g.astheydoontheislandsofftheMaineCoasteveryyearwithWeatherizationWeek
● ChangestreetlightsandotherpubliclightingtoLED,checkingforahealthylightfrequency
● Createasolarbuyer’sgroupforyourmunicipality,businessdistrictand/orentireneighborhood,ortapintoanexistingSolarizeprogram
● Createaneighborhoodenergychallengecampaignandsharelessonslearnedaboutmotivatingourselves&others
● Whenyouhavedonealltheeasystuff,considerwhereamajorinvestmentsuchasadistrictenergysystemormicro-gridmightbeusefulanddo-able
CASESTUDYStamford,CTcreatedoneofthefirst2030DistrictsusingamodeldevelopedbytheAmericanInstituteofArchitects.Architecture2030isapushforsharpimprovementsinenergy-efficiencyofbuildings,noticingthatthebuiltenvironmentisoneofourbiggestsourcesofcarbonpollution(alongwithtransportation).2030Districtsbeginbyhelpingcommercialbuildingownerstogetahandleonhowmuchenergytheyuseandwheretheycouldsave,thenworkingtowardmeasurableimprovements,poolinglessonslearnedanddrawingbenefitsofeconomicstabilitytothedistrictasawhole.Stamford’scametolifeasapartnershipbetweentheBusinessCouncilofFairfieldCountyandtheConnecticutFundfortheEnvironment(CFE),andisadministeredbyaCFEemployeewhoisjointlysupervisedbythecity’seconomicdevelopmentdirector.AfterworkingwiththebusinesscommunitytodefinetheDistrictandbuildbuy-in,theybeganwithbuildingenergymeasurementandupgrades--thenusedthissuccessasafoundationforotherprojectssuchasaBusinessCouncilforresiliencyandemergencypreparedness,amicro-gridproposal,andahealthybuildingsinitiative.
GUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. CouldtheformationofourEco-Districtbringfocusonenergy-conservationandefficiencyopportunitiesandmotivateourresidentsandbusinessestotakeadvantageof
6Geothermalopenloop=“Anopenloopsystemisconnecteddirectlytoagroundwatersourcesuchasawellorpondanddirectlypumpsthewaterintoabuildingtotheheatpumpunitwhereitisusedforheatingandcooling.Thereareseveralwaysthatopenloopgeothermalheatsystemscandisposeofwater.”(GeoThermalGenius,2014)
17
thesesavingsopportunitiesasacommunity?
2. Arethereintensiveenergyusers,suchasbusinessesandinstitutions,thatcanbeanchorusersofdemandmanagementservicesthatbenefittheentiredistrict?
3. Howcanmembersofourdistrictworktogethertoreduceenergydemandandmanage
ourenergyresources--whatkindsofbusinessorganizationmakesense?
4. Wherecanweestablishcommunity-controlledrenewableenergysupplyandwhatkindsofeconomiesofscalemightbepossiblethroughgrouppurchasing?
18
5.WATEREssence:CherishEveryDropSUMMARYIntheNortheasternUSwetendtoassociatewaterwithbeingplentiful.Inacontinuouslychangingclimate,withacceleratedevaporationandmoreextremeweather,ourfreshwaterresourcescannolongerbetakenforgranted.Thisguideisbeingwritteninatimeofdisturbingdroughtinmuchoftheregion,andtherestoftheU.S.Waterconservationtechniquesaredesignedforlanduse,technologyselection,andencouragementofmorewater-wiseconsumerchoices.Traditionally,planningforwateruseandprotectionhasbeendoneinsilos.Forexample,drinkingwaterisoftenregulatedatthestatelevelbyhealthdepartmentsanddeliveredbywaterutilitieswhichmaybeprivatelyowned,whilestormwaterismanagedbypublicworksdepartmentsincities,townsandvillages,andgroundwatersuppliesareprotectedbyenvironmentalagencies.Thisleadstoallkindsofmismatchesinpolicyandplanning.Anewapproach,OneWater,isfastgainingsupportamongplanningandpolicygroups.OneWaterisanintegratedapproachtoplanningfordrinkingwaterprotection,efficientuseofwatereverywhere,waste-waterprocessingandstormwatermanagementasasystem.Lookingatwaterthiswayhighlightsthecostsofmanagingwaterfromstormsurgesandthelongtermeconomicbenefitsofdesigningflood-resistantlandscapesusing“greeninfrastructure”suchasraingardensandbioswales7.ThesecanbedoneatanyscaleincludingsmalltomediumsizedinstallationsinanEco-District.Cityplansareincreasinglybeingbuiltonafoundationofgreeninfrastructure.Ecologicallandscapedesignisusedtomanageandpurifywaterwhilecreatinganarrayofpublicbenefitsincludingcoolingtoaesthetics(Cole,et.al.,2016).ThecityofPhiladelphiawasabletosavemillionsofdollarsinwastewatertreatmentbydevelopingalarge-scaleplanforgreeninfrastructuretopurifyandretainwateratitssource.Creatingbeautifullandscapedesignswithwater-evenatverylargescales-isactuallyahighartformforlandscapearchitects.HerbertDreiseitl,aGerman-basedlandscapearchitectwhoworksinternationally,explains,
“Whethervisibleorinvisible,waterplaysanessentialroleinthevitalityofurbanlife.Wesolvemultipleurbanchallengesbycreatingdesirablegreenspacesofteninmarginallandwhileatthesametimesolvingstormwaterfloodingproblems,improvingwaterqualityandtherebycreatingharmoniousblue-greensolutions,increasingalsotheresilienceofurbanareas.”
7Bioswales-isalinear,slopedretentionareadesignedtocaptureandconveywater,whileallowingittoinfiltratethegroundslowlyovera24to48hourperiod.
19
Urbanlandscapearchitectureistakingthisinsightrapidlyonboard.OneapproachthatcanworkatanyscaleisDreiseitl’sopenwater-scapes--streams,harbors,pondsandotherwater-bodiesintegratedintourbanlandscapesforbeautyandfunctionality.Anotheristhewater-purifyinglivingmachinefirstpopularizedbyeco-designerJohnTodd,whichusescomplexplantingsandfiltrationmaterialstopurifywastewaterquiteeffectively.ACTIONS● AssesstheentireEco-Districtforopportunitiesforgreeninfrastructurethathelpretain
andmaintainwaterinthesoilthroughplantingandlandscapingtechniques● Seeifyourmunicipalitycanpass(orhaspassed)anyincentivesforbuilderstouse
advancedwater-savingsystemsandappliancesinnewconstruction● Followupwithaseasonalcampaigntoengagelandownersandresidentstocreate
beautifulwater-savingspacese.g.KansasCity’s10,000RainGardens(SustainableCitiesInstitute,2005)
● Workwithalocalgardensupplyshopand/orschooltoteacharegularcourseinwater-efficientgardeningandlandscaping,anddocumentthelocalprojectsthatresult
e.g.amap,diagram,photographs,farmstand● Seewhetheryourlocalwaterutilityhasaprogramtohelphomesandbusinesses
changetomoreefficientwashers,toiletsandotherappliances;iftheydo,promoteitandworkwithalocalappliancestoreonagroupbuyforhigh-efficiencyappliances;iftheydon’t,encouragethemtocreateone
● Installpublicdrinkingfountainsandwater-bottlefillingstationsprominentlyaroundtheEco-District,whereverpossibleworkingwithpropertyownerstosharethecost
● Grouppurchaserainbarrelseveryspring● Setupacollectionsiteforplasticwaterbottlesandregularlypublishphotosofthe
volumecollected,alongwithdataabouttheimpactsofplasticintheenvironment;doanartcontestwiththecollectedrecyclablesonceortwiceayear
● Bringtogetheragroupofwaterstakeholderstoconsiderwaysofdesigningtheflowsofwaterthroughthedistrictmoresustainably.
CASESTUDYNewburgh,NewYorkwasaHudsonRiverfrontcityacenturyagowhereThomasEdisoninventedthelightbulb.Tornapartbyurbanrenewalinthe1970sandsubsequenttroubles,contemporaryNewburghhasasolidrevitalizationeffortinvolvingcitystaff,commissions,and
20
citizenactivists.Muchoftherevitalizationeffortrevolvesaroundwater.
Newburgh’sConservationAdvisoryCouncilhasdevelopedatechnicalmanualforthecreationofgreeninfrastructureincludingraingardens,bioswales,greenroofs,andlivingwalls,aswellasacommitmenttopreserveandexpanditsnetworkofhundredsofacresofparks.GreeninfrastructureinstallationsarealreadyinplaceattheStateUniversityofNewYork’snewKaplanHallontheSUNYOrangecampusandthecityofNewburgh’swatertreatmentplant.Butthepotentialishundredsoftimesthis.
Withwaterdeepenoughtoallowdevelopmentofafull-fledgedport,theHudsonshorelinetodayisafarcryfromitssustainabledevelopmentpotential.Arowofrestaurantsandaferrylandingcoexistwithoiltanks,oversizedparkinglots,junkyardsandhistorichomes.Justafewblocksfromthewaterfront,inanalmostabandonedfactorybuilding,anaquaculturefacilitywasrecentlycreatedandnowsellsgourmetshrimptoafast-growingclientele.NearthewaterfrontaretheLibrary,CommunityCollege,atheatre,andCityHall,aswellasseveralvacantlotsreadyforredevelopment-allpotentialsitesforadditionalgreeninfrastructurethatcouldbeautifyandcooltheareaanddefineaninnovationdistrict.
Newburghalsohasacreek-theQuassaick-thatisvirtuallyinaccessibleduetoovergrownbanksandhasabandonedfactoriesalongmuchofitslength.TosomeofNewburgh’svisionaryactivists,theQuassaickis“theotherwaterfront”whichcouldberestoredandreclaimedasacorridorforsustainabledevelopment.Itisnotfar-fetchedtothinkoftheseelementsasanchorsforanEco-Districtrevolvingaroundwaterrestorationintheurbanlandscape.
GUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. Whendoesyourcommunityhavetoomuchwater(andwhy)?Toolittlewater?Whoisalreadythinkingaboutmanagingthisresource?
2. Doesyourcommunityhaveagreeninfrastructureopportunityassessmentandstrategic
plan?Aretherenurseriesorlandscapingbusinessesthatcouldleadincreatingsomedemonstrations?Howcouldthecommunitygetinvolvedandlearntheskills?
3. Howdopeoplegetaccesstodrinkingwaterinpublicspaces?Aretherewater
fountains,waterbottlefillingstations?
4. Isbottledwateraggressivelymarketed?Arethereordinancesregulatingorprohibitingsingle-usewaterbottles?Istherepoliticalwilltoreducebottledwateruseandprovideforsustainablepublicwateraccess?
21
6.MATERIALSEssence:ClosedLoops–wasteismaterialthathasnot(yet)beenputtogooduse;captureall
usedproductsandfavorthosedesignedforrecyclingandreuseSUMMARY“Oneperson’strashisanotherperson’streasure.”MostcommunitiesintheNortheasthavesomerecyclinginfrastructure,andanEco-Districtcanbeanepicenterofopportunityforscalinguprecoveryandeconomicallyproductiveusesofwhatisknownastrash.Whathasbeenpreviouslyconsideredtrash,cannowbeconsideredanewmaterial,andliveanotherlife.Peoplearefindingallnewwaystousematerialsinsteadofonlygettingoneuseoutofthemandthrowingthemawayinthegarbage.Recyclingbasedeconomicdevelopmentisasophisticatedpursuit.ACTIONS● Figureoutacreativewaytogetahandleonwhatmaterialsactuallyflowthroughthe
Districte.g.interviewPublicWorksemployeesorevendumpsterdive,craftyourstrategyarounditemsspecifictoyourlocation
● Createareusecenter● Createadistrictfoodwastecompostingprogramcombinedwitha“wastenot”initiative
toreducefoodwastei.e.FeedingtheHudsonValley
● Lookintolocalrecyclingratesandsurveyfolkstounderstandthebarrierstoimprovement;helpittohappen;investigateincentiveprogramslikeRecycleBankwhichofferlocalshoppingrewardspointsforrecyclers
i.e.https://www.recyclebank.com/(themoreyourecycle,themoreyouearn)● StartaRepairCafétoextendtheusefulnessofeveryone’sstuffandbuildself-reliance● Clothingswaps● Seewhetherthereisdemandforspecificre-useandextendeduseprojectssuchasa
buildingmaterials“re-store,”aconsignmentboutique,atool-sharingcenter● Holdanannual“TrashionShow”todrawattentiontothediversityandusefulnessof
stuff
22
CASESTUDYTheTownandVillageofNewPaltzestablishedapolicyofmovingtowardzerowaste,withstrongongoingleadershipfromelectedofficials,communityorganizationsandbusinesses.TheinterestaroseinpartfromthelocationoftheHudsonValleyMaterialsExchangeintown;thisnonprofitfacility-thedreamofrecyclingcoordinatorJillGruber-collectedbuildingmaterialsandahugevarietyofleftoveritemsthatcouldberepurposedforartprojects,andsurvivedthroughcreativeschoolprogrammingincludinga“trashsymphony”performanceprogram.AsGruberwasretiringandNewYorkwasbuildingupitsprogramstohelpcommunitiesgogreen,NewPaltzsawtheopportunityandmadeacommitmentto“zerowaste”asalongtermgoal.AnearlystrategywastakingovertheMaterialsExchangetocreateamorecomprehensivereusecenterwhoseworkwasintegratedintothetown’spublicworksservices.Toencourageuseofthenewcenter,formerNewPaltzTownSupervisorSusanZimetruledthattownemployeesshouldlooktherebeforebuyingnew.Severalstreamsofrecycledmaterialbecamethebasisforlocalbusinessstartupsincomposting,furniturere-useandmore.
In2014,anewresident,JohnWackmandecidedheneededaprojectthatwouldhelphimgettoknowalotofpeoplewhiledoingsomegood;hediscoveredaDutchcommunityprogram,theRepairCafe,wherepeoplebringtheir“belovedbutbroken”itemsandhelpeachotherfixthem.HestarteditinNewPaltzandnowsupportshalfadozenthroughouttheHudsonValley.GUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. WhatrecyclablematerialsmightwecapturemoreeffectivelyandbegintouseintheDistrict?
2. Howcanrecyclingandreusebemadeeasier–forexample,withneighborhoodscale
collectionsystems?
3. Istherespace,andmotivation,tocreateareusecenterorotherpointofconnectionforexchange?
4. WhatbusinessescanbenurturedinourDistrictconnectedwithmaterialsrecyclingor
reuse,eitherattractedorstartedup?
23
7.FOODANDAGRICULTUREEssence:Growit,bringonthespice,andtellthestorySUMMARYFoodisawellknowneconomicdriver.Densecitiesarenotdesignedtobeabletoproduceallthefoodtheyconsumewithintheirboundaries,butacommunityispartofafoodshed8(Kloppenburgetal.,1996)connectingproducersandconsumersoffarm,forestandfisheryproducts.Ataminimum,anEco-Districtcanbeadistributingandmarketinghubandaplacewherevalueisaddedthroughpackagingandspecialtyproducts.Itisahometocreativeswhocantakeoncurrentfood-businesschallengesandopportunities.Itissurelyanopportunityforlocalvorefoodofferingsinrestaurantsandfoodtrucks.InNewYorkandvariousotherstates,ifland-useisnotspecifiedinlocalzoning,itisprohibited.Zoningmustaddressurbanagricultureinordertomakeitpossible.TheCityofKingston,NYhascreatedonemodelforthiswiththeirUrbanAgricultureZoningApproach(2014).TheUrbanAgricultureZoningApproachis“providingadviceonhowtoproceedwithamendmentstothesedocumentssothattheCityofKingstonsupportslocalfoodproductionandallowsittoflourish,”(2014).CapitalizingoncreativeopportunitiestoworkwiththeDistrict’sfoodeconomyisaboutnotjustproductionforitsownsake,butthesynergiesofinvolvingpeopleinacreativeactivitythatisunifyingaswellasdelightful.ACTIONS● Organizetheplantingofediblessuchasfruittreesandberrybushesinappropriate
publicspaces(http://www.takepart.com/article/2014/07/09/public-fruit-trees) e.g.Seattle,WA;SanFrancisco,CA;Madison,WI;Asheville,NC;Boston,MA● Createorattractabusinesscenterproducingusefulitemsfromreclaimedwood
e.g.HudsonValleyHeart-Woods● CommunitymediatoeducatetheDistrictaboutbusiness
ownersandwhotheyare e.g.Kingston’s“DreamersandDoers”newsletter,oralocalradioshow
● Makesureyourlocalzoningallowsfoodtrucks(Huey,2015)● Findlocationstoencouragethem,especiallythosethatare
runbylocalentrepreneurs● EndorseaHundredMileFoodChallenge(Benningtonet.al.,
2014)orsimilareffortduringthegrowingseason;encouragerestaurantstohighlight8Foodshed-Afoodshedisthegeographicalareabetweenwherefoodisproducedandwherethatfoodisconsumed.
Stephanie Hince� 6/1/17 2:20 AMComment [1]: Is this link for citation purposes or would you like the image from the article to be inserted here?
24
localingredients● Createalocalbountycookbookandspinoffdiningevents;● Explorethepossibilityofafoodbusinessincubator(Danovich,2016)● “Justasgymmembersshareworkoutequipment,membersofmanyfoodincubators
sharecommercialkitchenspace.”(Aubrey,2014)
● Farmtrainingcenterandfarmer’smarket● Portablemarketplacekiosktotestneweco-
products,fromscooterstopersonalmess-kitsfortakeoutfood
● Eatlocalweek● Publishalocalfood/chefscookbookandhost
communitydinnerstoshowcasethehighlights● Movablefeast● Seedandplantsale/swap● Seedvaultorlibrary● Identifyvaluablefooditemsthatcanbeproducedinsmallspacesanddevelopacareful
testprojectortwowiththehelpofyourlocalagriculturalextensionservice(ginseng,anyone?)
CASESTUDYBacktoKingston,homeofoneoftheregion’sfinestfarmers’markets.Thissmallcityhasbecomeamagnetforfoodproducersandconsumersthankstothemarketandtheappetitesofartists,knowledgeworkers,governmentemployeesandothersforagourmetrestaurantscene.Thistrendwassupportedbyavibrantandsophisticatedfarmpreservationandfood-economymovementinthearea-includingagrowers’associationand“FarmHub”projectinvestinginfarmsandfarmers.
InKingston,participantsinthecity’scomprehensiveplanningprocessrealizedthatlocalzoninghadnoprovisionforurbanfarms-makingthemessentiallyillegal.Anexperiencedplanningconsultant,JenniferSchwartzBerky,foundfundingandwonthesupportoftheCitytocreateanentireUrbanAgricultureStrategy.Thefood-andfarm-centricclimateinKingstonledagroupofyoungentrepreneurstotakeanevenbiggerleapandcreatetheSouthPineStreetTeachingFarm,anurbanfoodproductioncenterwiththecapacitytotrainfarmersaswell.InspiredbythemorematurePoughkeepsieFarmProjecthousedonVassarCollegeland.
SouthPineStreetisaCommunity-Supportedfarminwhichpeoplebuysharesandtakehomealltheveggiesandfruittheycaneat.Finally,Kingston’smerchantshavecreatedasecondmarketatthefarendoftownfromthefirst-thisamonthlyNightMarketforfood,craftsandentertainment.
25
GUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. Whatisthesituationregardingfresh,locallyproducedfoodaccessforthecommunity?
2. Whatdowehaveplentyof,whatdoweimportthatwemightproducemoreoflocally?
3. Dowehaveenoughfarmersandarewetreatingthemright?
4. Whatpolicyfactorsmightgetinthewayofmorelocalfoodproduction?Forexample,doesthelocalzoningcodeprovideforagriculture(produce/animals/etc.)?
26
8.ARTANDAMENITIES
Essence:EverybodyPlaysSUMMARYPainting,sculpture,lightingandornamentallandscapingareamongthelow-cost,high-impactwaystodefineapublicspace.Fromthemulti-coloredpicnictablesaroundBoston’sGovernmentCentertothesidewalkmuralsaroundelectricvehiclechargingstationsinSantaMonica,publicarthasbeenusedtohighlighttheusefulaspectsofpublicspaceaswellastheaesthetics.“Colorists”inSanFranciscobeganintricatelydecoratinghistoricbuildingsasamovementofpreservationandcelebrationthatenhancedpropertyvaluesandcreatedjobs.
Thepossibilitiesdonotstopwithpublicartandsculpture.Thereisalsohugepossibilityinthecreationofpublicamenities,suchassignatureapproachestoparksandrecreation.Barcelonaisanexampleofacitythathasfilledinsignificantvacanturbanlandwithbothsculptureandpublicaccessrecreationalfacilities–assimpleasabasketballcourtorclimbingwall–integratedintoopenspacesinregularcityblocks.ACTIONS● Developapop-upartinstallationthatinvitesperformanceorart-making,liketheHappy
SpotstudioinKingstoncreatedbyRileyJohndonnell,highlightinghisownspecialcolor,InternationalOptimismYellow(Int-oYellow)
● PaintIt!Dayforsprucingupbuildingfacades,mailboxes,benchesandbikelanemarkers● Commissionmuralsonbuildingfacades-oraroundEVchargerstohighlighttheir
locations● Createamenitiesforparkssuchaschessboardsback-litwithsolarpanels,sculptedfrom
localwoodorstone● Focuscleanenergyandhigh-efficiencyinnovationsonanartsandculturalbuilding
addingtotherealestatevalueandcachet● Addlow-costplayresourceslikeabasketballhooporchessboardsinunexpected
27
places’● Throwafestivalthatbecomesyourcommunity’ssignaturebigevent,likeNewburgh
IlluminatedinthecitywhereEdisoninventedthelightbulb,ortheNewHavenFestivalofArtsandIdeas
● Experimentwithplaystreetsthatareshutdownatspecifiedtimesforpedestrianandrecreationaluses
e.g.Pop-uppicnicamenities,hop-scotchboards,etc(Plotz,2013)
● UsetheBetterBlockmethod(Roberts,2012)toenhanceanareawithfasthands-onactivity;frompainttouchupstoimportedplants--allinacoordinatedburst
● Invitehigh-endlandscapeandgardenartonanunlikelysite(e.g.TheBridgeofFlowers,ShelburneFalls,MA)
● Seeifyoucanidentifyan“artstrail”connectinggalleries,museums,studiosetc.,coordinatetheproprietorsandnearbyrestaurantstohostevents
● CreateorattractamakerordesignstudioGUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. Whatisalreadybeautifulinthedistrictyouaredefining?
2. Howcanthoseassetsbeenhancedandfullyutilized?Whetherit’sahistoricclockoratinyparkarea,howcanthesurroundingspacebedefinedandworkedwithtoenhancepublicaccessandusability?
3. Howcanlocalartistsbeengagedandempoweredtoenhancepublicspaceforboth
beautyandfunctionality?
28
9.ECONOMICANDCOMMUNITYDEVELOPMENT
Essence:Athrivingsustainabledistrictisgoodforbusiness.SUMMARYAssumingyourEco-Districthassignificant,existingcommercialand/orindustrialactivity,thentheactionsalreadydescribedcansynergizewitheconomicdevelopmentthatiscurrentlytakingplace.Eco-Districtamenitieslikebikepaths,racks,EVchargers,parklets,andwaterfountainscertainlymakeworkplacesmoreattractive,andmakebusinessesintheDistrictmoreattractivetoinvestors.ThesharedmissionoftheDistrictmightimprovebusiness-to-businessrelationships.Resource-efficiency–especiallyinelectricity–cutsoperatingcostsforbusinessesandmayhelptoretainthem.Ifthesebenefitsaretangibleenough,businessesorabusinessassociationmayevenbecomedriversforEco-Districtdevelopment,allowingforpublic-privatefinancialpartnershipandgreaterpeople-powerforaquickertransitiontosustainablelivingoccur.
Whataresomestrategiesfordevelopingthesebenefitsandpartnerships?First,makesurethatbusinessandcommunitydevelopmentgroupsarecentralplayersinyourpartnership.ABusinessImprovementDistrictorotherplace-basedorganizationmightbeanidealleaderforthismeasure.Second,identifyatleastoneanchorlocationatatimetoconcentrateeconomicactivityreflectingtheDistrict’sgoalsandpriorities.Considertheimpactthatstrategicpropertydevelopmentcanhave,suchasmixed-useartists’housing,studioandgalleries,amakerspace;evenasmallincubatorforsustainablebusinesses.Thirdiscreatingprojectsthatbenefitthelocaleconomyandgetlocalemployeesinvolved,whetherit’sfundraisersforbikeracksorbuildyourownraingardenworkshops.ACTIONS● What’sMissingonMainStreet?surveytoguideandinspirebusinessattraction
(SeeAppendixC)● Supplychainanalysisformoregapsindicatinglocalbusinessopportunities,including
services–assimpleasout-sourcingofbasicslikelaundryratherthanpatronizingsurroundingcommunity(Porter,2015)
● Alocalinvestmentworkshopwithcommunityactivists,entrepreneurs,bankers,investors,andphilanthropists
29
● Pop-upmarketsandvendortruckstotestmarket● Raingardenworkshopandhands-oninstallationevent● Localbusinessexpo● Simplehospitalitycenterwithano-feeATM,charging,healthyfoodvendingmachine,
bikeracksandpublicseatingneartransit,sponsoredbylocalbanks e.g.MonthlyKingstonNightMarket● Communitywideyardsale● Incubators,fellowsprograms,etc.inconjunctionwithalocaluniversity
e.g.youthenterprisecenterinPhiladelphiaintheoldAmericanBandstandbuilding
● LocalFirstcampaignanddemonstratecirculationofdollarsthroughoutcommunity● BusinesstoBusinessmarketingtostrengthenexistingbusinesses● Localcurrency● Timedollarsinitiative--Timebankingisakindofmoney.Giveonehourofserviceto
another,andreceiveonetimecredit(Cahn,n.d.)GUIDINGQUESTIONS
1. Ifyouareabusinessowner,whatproductsandservicesareimportedoroutsourced?Couldtheseproductsandservicesbepurchaseddomestically?Ifyes,couldyoufindtheseproductsandserviceslocally?
2. WhatworkneedstobedonetorealizeourEco-Districtvision?Beitsolarinstallation,
preservationarchitecture,landscapedesignandhorticulture,publicart,parkdevelopment,lightingretrofits–howcanwegiveprioritytolocaltalenttodothework,creatingenduringjobsandbusinessesintheprocess?
3. Whattoolswouldassistbroadlywitheconomicdevelopment?
i.e.alocalcurrency,amarketplace
4. Whatkindsof“lighter,quicker,cheaper”projectscanbecatalystsforsubstantialdevelopment?
30
10.PUTTINGITALLTOGETHER
“Aplanisnothingunlessitdegeneratesintowork.”–PeterDruckerThefoundationofanyEco-Districteffortisthenetworksofcollaborationthatarenearlyalwayspresentinsmallcities,townsandvillages.Mostlikely,thereisashortlistoffairlyobviousactionsthatwouldmakethecenterofthecommunitymoreenvironmentallysustainable,adaptiveandvibrant.Theessentialstepistocometogetherandthoughtfullyconsiderthoseoptionsinthelocalcontext,sothattheideasareintegratedintoanactionplan.Thatplancanbesimple.Still,itneedstobeinclusive,engagingasmanyaspossibleofthepeoplewhowillbeaffected.Thereareseveralimportantreasonsforthis.First,adistrictstrategyhastoworkforeveryonewhoisimpacted,notjustfortheoriginalthink-group.Bikeracksandwaterfountainsarehardtoarguewith,butvegetatedwallsandartisticsolarlightswilltendtoraiseeyebrowsiftheyappearoutofnowhere.Second,someofthegreatestpotentialofthisapproachtorevitalizationcomesfromitsabilitytolinklocalenvironmentwithsocialjusticebyaddressingpastdevelopmentpracticesthathaveharmedsomeneighborhoodsandgroups.Ifpartsofthedistrictsufferfromheatislands,lackoftreecover,fooddeserts,brownfieldsandblight,thedistrictstrategycanfocusonaddressingthoseconditionsinawaythatreflectstheprioritiesandvaluesofresidentsandmakestheentirecommunitymorelivable.Thisrequiresaskingquestionsaboutthepeopleandrelationshipsinthecommunity:
➔ Dothepeoplecreatingthedistrictlooklikethepeoplelivinginit?(Ifnot,stopandfixthat!)
➔ Whataresomelargerissuesthatimpactpeople’slives?Accesstojobs,healthcare,transit,healthyfood?Howcanthedistrictdevelopmentstrategytoaddressthese?
Focusingongroupswhomayusepublicservicesdisproportionately,forexample,anEco-Districtstrategycandevelopprojectsthatdirectlybenefitthem(likesolar-litbusshelters).Third,involvinglargerandmorediversegroupsofpeoplewillgeneratemorecreativeproblem-solvingandunanticipatednewideasthatarevisible,thereforeimpactful.Thisisespeciallytrueiftheplanningprocessitselfisdesignedtoencouragecreativityfrommanydifferent
31
communitiesofpeoplewithinaDistrict.TheProjectforPublicSpaceslaysouttwocontrastingwaysofthinkingaboutplanningforpublicsectorprojects,DisciplineDrivenvs.CommunityDriven.Inadisciplinedrivenapproach,anobjectiveissetandthenthearchitectsandengineerscomeupwithadetailedvision.Onlywhenthereisafairlydetailedconceptualplandoesthepublicgetachancetoweighinonthedetails.Especiallyifmoneyhasbeenspent,thereisoftenaresistancetogoingbacktothedrawingboardonfundamentalconcepts.NotonlycommunitymembersandinterestscanbebroughttogetherinanEco-Districtplanninganddevelopmentprocess.Resourceagencies,fromhousingauthoritiestowaterutilities,havemoreincentivetogetinvolvedthantheywouldwithamoreconventionaleffort.Oncegoalshavebeensetforenvironmentalimpact-wastediversion,waterretentionandpurification,mobility,renewableenergy-theEco-Districtisadesignedforcollaborationthatconcentratesresourceinvestments.Thecommunity-drivenapproach-andthisbroadpartershipvision-buildsonamoreintegratedvisiondevelopedcollaborativelybythosewhowillmakeuseoftheprojectandbeimpactedbyit.Herethepublicfirstgeneratesavisionandasenseofthevaluesdrivingthatvision.Theyareencouragedtoputforwardawealthofideasabouthowthevisionmightbeaccomplished.Thenthearchitectsandengineerscometothetableandhelptosortouthowthecommunity’svisioncanbebroughttolife.ThepossibilitiesforanyEco-Districtarisefromtheexistingpatternsofbuildings,openspace,amenities,activity,andthevisionsofthepeoplewhocareabouttheplace.Acommunity-drivenprocessiskeytogettingyourEco-Districtright.ThisisechoedbytheinternationalEco-Districtorganization,whichhascreatedaProtocolthatcanguideprojectsatanyscale.Theessentialfeaturesoftheprotocolare:● 3imperatives:Equity,Resilience,andClimateProtection;● 6priorities:Place,Prosperity,HealthandWellness,Connectivity,LivingInfrastructure,
andResourceRegeneration● 3implementationphases:Formation,Roadmap,andPerformance.
TheEco-Districtsmovementsupportsrealcommunitytransformationbyfirstestablishingaframeworkofgoalsthatmatter;andtheycallforprocessesdesignedtofosteraccountabilityandcontinuouslearning.Whataretheissuesandopportunitiesthatcometolightinyourcommunitywhenyoustartthinkingaboutthesixprioritiesandthreeimperatives?Therearesomanywaystoengagepeopleinexplorationandaction.
32
● Doawalkingtour.● Createanassetmap.● Gatherfolksforawelldesignedvisioningsession.● Putupawaterproofwhite-boardwithmarkersinapublicspacetocollectideas.● Orgetgoingwithaninitialproject-apop-upcafeoraraingardenworkshop,whatever
inspires.Astheseedsareplanted,nurturethemwell.CreatinganEco-Districtrequiresworkingthoughtfullywiththeemergentpropertiesofthesystemsinplaceinyourcommunity–theassets,people,resourcesandideasthatyoucandrawupon.Likeanyrevitalizationeffort,itrequiresclarity.Butitdoesnotnecessarilyrequireanin-depth,multi-year,big-bucksplan.BecauseEco-Districtinitiativesworkinexistingcentersofpopulationandcommerce,theycanbebuiltupovertimebasedonsimple,easilyaccomplishedeffortsthatbringpeopletogetherandinspirenextsteps.AsuccessfulandthrivingEco-DistrictoriginatingwithafastyetrigorousapproachistheBetterBlock(BetterBlockFoundation,2016).Formedinthelittle-knownOakCliffneighborhoodofDallas,Texas,theBetterBlockwascreatedwithapop-upgallery,bikeinitiativeandfast-trackneighborhoodspruce-up.ThisEco-Districtmethodisallaboutbringingpeopletogetherwithabigvisionandtightdeadline,anddoingsomework.
“Theycommandeeredtwoofthestreet’slanes,paintingabikelaneinone,andaddingflowerboxesandsidewalkcaféseatingintheother.Aset-designcompanyloanedfurniture,andahardwarestoreloanedpottedshrubstobufferthenew“patio”fromcartraffic.Friendsopenedpop-upshops—temporaryretailstores—andacaféinvacantstorefronts.AcoupleofbuddiesstrungagiantstrandofCraigslist-sourcedChristmaslightsacrossthestreet.” Ross,2012
Withabeginningbudgetoflessthan$1,000,acityblockinSouthDallaswastransformedwithpeoplepowerandscavengedgoods(Ross,2012).ManyideasfortheBetterBlockprojectweretestedduringcertaineventsbeforebeingpermanentlyputintoplace.BetterBlockisaninnovativewaytocreateandspontaneouslytrynewideasinurbanplaces.
33
AppendixA:12GuidingQuestionstoSupportYourOwnLocalInitiative
1. WhatistheimpulsebehindyourinterestinanEco-District?Howcanthisimpulsebe
expressedinashortmissionstatement?
2. Howdoyoudefinetheplacethatgivesrisetothismission?
3. Whoelsecaresaboutthismissioninthisplace?
4. Whointhisplaceisatadisadvantageintermsofprosperity,healthandwellness,
connectiontothegoodthingstheplacehastooffer?Whointhisplaceismostatriskina
changingclimate?
5. WhatbenefitscananEco-Districtstrategybringtothosestakeholders?
6. WhatmightanEco-Districtinthisplaceactuallylooklike?
7. Whatassetsexistinthisplacenow,thatprovideafoundationfortheEco-District?(Abike
path,aplaza,agreenroof–andmoresubtlethingsliketrainingandfundingprogramsrun
byinstitutionsinthedistrict.)
8. Whatistheworktobedone,tocreatethisEco-District?(Aswellaspossible,mapoutthe
entirecriticalpathasyouseeit–don’tgetstumpedbydetails,justlayoutwhatseems
clear.)
9. Whatresourceswillbeneeded?Considermoney,people,technology,land,permitsand
34
plans,expertiseandanythingelsethatcomestomind.
10. Whatcanbedonewiththecurrentlyavailableassets,stakeholders,andformativeimpulse,
toturnyourEco-Districtmissionfromanabstractideatoareality-basedproject?
11. Whatisaninitialmeetingagendathatwillmakethevisionclearandempowerthe
participantstobeginworkingtogether?
12. What(ifanything)isholdingyoubackfromtakingaction?
AppendixB:Glossary
1. Incubator-Anorganizationdesignedtoacceleratethegrowthandsuccessofentrepreneurial
companiesorprojectsthroughanarrayofbusinesssupportresourcesandservicesthatmay
includephysicalspace,capital,coaching,commonservices,andnetworkingconnections.
2. Eco-District-Adefinedneighborhoodthatadoptsanintentionalsustainabledevelopment
strategy,makesithighlyvisible,usesittobenefitresidentsandfosterresilience.
3. Sustainable-abletoflourishindefinitelywithoutdamagingordepletingsurroundings.Canapply
toacommunity,anindustrialprocess,oranyhumanactivity.
4. 2030Districts-aprogramdedicatedtosharplyreducingenergywasteandpollutionfromU.S.
buildingsby2030,focusingoncommercialdistrictswhereenergysavingstranslateintocost
savings
5. Placemaking-Buildingcommunitiesaroundplaces,inspiringpeopletocollectivelyreimagine
publicspacesastheheartofeverycommunity
6. Parklet-Asmallseatingareaorgreenspacecreatedasapublicamenityonoralongsidea
pavement,especiallyinaformerroadsideparkingspace
7. TrafficCalming-thecombinationofmainlyphysicalmeasuresthatreducethenegativeeffects
ofmotorvehicleuse,alterdriverbehaviorandimproveconditionsfornon-motorizedstreet
users
8. GeothermalOpenLoop-isconnecteddirectlytoagroundwatersourcesuchasawellorpond
anddirectlypumpsthewaterintoabuildingtotheheatpumpunitwhereitisusedforheating
35
andcooling.
9. GeothermalClosedLoop-Geothermalclosedloopsystem-pumpswaterand/orantifreeze
throughasetofpipesundergroundinsteadofusingafreshwatersource
10. Micro-grid-Amicrogridisagroupofinterconnectedloadsanddistributedenergyresources
withinclearlydefinedelectricalboundariesthatactsasasinglecontrollableentitywithrespect
tothegrid.
11. Bioswales-isalinear,slopedretentionareadesignedtocaptureandconveywater,while
allowingittoinfiltratethegroundslowlyovera24to48hourperiod.
12. Foodshed-Afoodshedisthegeographicalareabetweenwherefoodisproducedandwhere
thatfoodisconsumed.
AppendixC:SampleLocalSurveyWhatismissingfromMainStreet??PleasetakeafewminutestoshareyourviewsandexperienceaboutlocalbusinessneedstoassistwitheconomicdevelopmentplanningfortheTownofMontgomeryanditsvillages.Thankyou.1.Wheredoyoulive?2.Whenyousimplymustpurchasesomebasicitems(milk,juice,petfoods,babyfoodsor diapers,overthecounterfirstaid)wheredoyouusuallyendup?
Villageof _____Inasupermarket,suchasShopRite?_____ThruwayMarket? _____Orsomewhereelse?(where) _____
3.Whatproductsandserviceswouldyoumostliketoseereadilyavailableinthenearest townorvillagecentertoyourhome?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Inbuyingwhatyourhouseholdneeds,whatdoyouseeasthegreatestcostsandhassles?Checkallthat apply:
36
Traveltime _____ Gas _____Childcare _____Toomanystopstogatheritall _____Themethodoftransportation _____
5.Wouldyousaythatbeingabletodomoreofyourshoppinglocallywouldmakeanimprovementinyourlife?
Yesorno(circleone)Comments:
6.Doyouperceiveabenefittokeepingthedollarsyouearnwithinthecommunitybyshoppinglocal? Yes_____No______7.Wheredoyouusuallybuythefollowinggoodsandservices(pleaseidentifytown/villageand store)?Addcommentsfreely.
Groceries _______________________Officesupplies _______________________Petsupplies _______________________Shoes _______________________Jewelry _______________________Adultclothing _______________________Kidsclothing _______________________Sporting/outdoorsupplies _______________________Gardensupplies _______________________Automotivesupplies _______________________Sewing,knitting,craftsupplies _______________________Musicalinstruments,equipment _______________________Recordedmusic/cd’s _______________________Videotapes _______________________Cameras&film _______________________Audiovisualequipment _______________________Shoerepair _______________________Jewelryrepair _______________________Tailoring _______________________Drycleaning _______________________Books _______________________
Comments:8.Areyouinterestedinlearningmoreaboutlocaleconomicdevelopmentoptionsandpossibly
37
gettinginvolvedwithlocalrevitalizationinitiatives?Ifso,pleaseprovideyournameandcontactinformation:
Name:_____________________________________________________ (Last) (First) (M.I)EmailAddress:_______________________________________________PersonalPhone:______-______-________BusinessPhone:______-______-________
LearnMorebyTopic
➢ Bikeamenities
- http://greenstarbikes.com/hybrid/(PiermontBicycleConnection,Piermont,NY)
- https://www.greenzonebikes.com/(OnlineOnly,(832)802-8800)
- http://trtbicycles.com/(TRTBicycles,Rosendale,NY)
- http://herobike.org/(HERObike,Greensboro,Alabama)
➢ Electricvehiclechargers
- EVConnecthttp://www.evconnect.com/drivers/
- ChargePointhttp://www.chargepoint.com/
- EVchargersforhomehttp://www.evsolutions.com/ev-charging-products-for-
home
➢ Lighting
- www.greenlightdepot.com
- http://www.ledwarehouse.com/collections/all
- http://www.slsna.com/
- http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/ddc/downloads/Sustainable/quality-energy-
38
efficient-lighting.pdf
- http://www.lampworksinc.com/pages/sustainable_lighting.html(LampWorks
Inc.,NewYork,NY)
➢ Plantsandsupplies
- http://adamsfarms.com/departments/nursery/(AdamsFairacreFarms,
Poughkeepsie,Kingston,Newburgh,andWappingersFalls,NY)
- http://www.wallkillviewfarmmarket.com/(WallkillViewFarms,NewPaltz,NY)
- http://www.sabellico.com/index.php?m=cms&file=our_hours(Sabellico
GreenhouseandFlorist,HopewellJunction,NY)
- http://newpaltzagway.com/(AgwayNewPaltz,NewPaltz,NY)
- https://www.herzogs.com/(Herzogs,Kingston,NY)
➢ Signage
- http://www.baronsign.com/sustainable_signs.html(BaronSignManufacturing,
RivieraBeach,Florida,(800)531-9558)
- http://asisignage.com/sustainable-solutions/(ASISignage,BuffaloandNYC,NY)
- http://www.signarama.com/ky-lexington/services/eco-friendly-signs(Signarama,
Lexington,KY,(859)-272-7886)
➢ Waterfountains
- http://www.elkay.com/drinking-solutions/bottle-filling-
stations?filter=product_features:%22Energy%20Savings%22(Elkaywaterbottle
fillingstation)
- http://www.murdockmfg.com/uploads/fileLibrary/MM-
DrinkingFountainsBrochureWeb-L1001335.pdf(Waterfountaincatalog)
➢ Anurbanpermacultureresource
- http://www.harvestingrainwater.com/
- https://deepgreenpermaculture.com/diy-instructions/starting-your-
permaculture-garden/
39
- http://permaculturenews.org/2014/01/30/how-to-transition-to-a-permaculture-
lifestyle/
- http://www.theecologist.org/green_green_living/gardening/451581/a_beginner
s_guide_to_permaculture_gardening.html
GeneralReferences
100ResilientCities.(2017).AboutUs|100ResilientCities.RetrievedJanuary20,2017.
2030Districts.(2017).Whatisa2030district?|2030districtsprojectportal.
A.(2008).Recycledart[photograph].Retrievedfromhttps://flic.kr/p/5wr3Vp
AmericaWaterWorksAssociation.(2017).Waterknowledge.RetrievedFebruary13,2017,
fromhttps://www.awwa.org/resources-tools/water-knowledge.aspx
Aubrey,A.(2014,April).Forfoodstartups,incubatorshelpdishupsuccess.
BenningtonFarmtoPlateCouncil.(2014).Foodsystemactionplan.Retrievedfrom
BenningtonCountyRegionalCommisionwebsite:
http://www.rpc.bennington.vt.us/documents/BF2PFoodSystemActionPlan.pdf
BerkeleyLabU.S.Dept.ofEnergy.(n.d.).MicrogridDefinitions.RetrievedFebruary16,
2017,fromhttps://building-microgrid.lbl.gov/microgrid-definitions
BetterBlockFoundation.(2016).About|thebetterblock.RetrievedJanuary25,2017,
fromhttp://betterblock.org/about/
Bourgeois,T.,Gerow,J.,Litz,F.,&Martin,N.(2013).Communitymicrogids:smarter,
40
cleaner,greener.RetrievedfromPaceEnergyandClimateChangeCenterPaceLaw
Schoolwebsite:
http://energy.pace.edu/sites/default/files/publications/Community%20Microgrids%20R
eport%20%282%29.pdf
Bronin,S."CurbingEnergySprawlwithMicrogrids"ConnecticutLawReviewVol.43
Iss.2(2010).
C.,J.(2012).Rainbarrels[photograph].Retrievedfromhttps://flic.kr/p/e4pVo2
Cannavò,P.F.(2007).Theworkinglandscape:Founding,preservation,andthepolitics
ofplace.Cambridge,MA:MITPress.
CarbonNeutralCitiesAlliance.(2017).Background-UrbanSustainabilityDirectors
Network.
Carrigan,T.(2009).ColdSpringfarmers'market[photograph].Retrievedfrom
https://flic.kr/p/6w8AmN
CenterforNeighborhoodTechnology,AmericanRivers,&TheGreatLakesandSt.
LawrenceCitiesInitiative.(2012).UpgradeYourInfrastructure:AGuidetotheGreen
InfrastructurePortfolioStandardAndBuildingStormwaterRetrofits.Retrievedfrom
CenterforNeighborhoodTechnologywebsite:
http://www.cnt.org/projects/green-infrastructure-portfolio-standard
CenterforNeighborhoodTechnology.(2014).SteppingUpWaterLossControlAta
Glance:theAWWAM36ManualandAssociatedSoftware.RetrievedfromCenterfor
NeighborhoodTechnologywebsite:
http://www.cnt.org/sites/default/files/documents/CNT_WaterLossM36.pdf
CenterforNeighborhoodTechnology.(2016).PlanningTOD.RetrievedFebruary15,
2017,fromhttp://www.cnt.org/planning-tod
CenterforNeighborhoodTechnology.(2016).Transit-OrientedDevelopment.Retrieved
February15,2017,fromhttp://www.cnt.org/transit-oriented-development
CityofNewburgh.(2015,May13).NewburghConservationAdvisoryCouncil’sGreen
InfrastructureGuide[PDFdocument].Retrievedfrom
http://www.cityofnewburghny.gov/sites/newburghny/files/u576/newburgh_gre
41
en_infrastructure_5-13-20152.pdf
Ceres,TheNextPractice,&UniversityofCambridgeProgrammeforSustainability
Leadership.(2017,November).Buildingresilientcitiesfromriskassessmentto
redevelopment.RetrievedJanuary20,2017.
Chase,T.,&Baumann,L.(2015).Multifamilyhousingresiliencyaudits.Retrievedfrom
NewEcology,Inc.website:https://www.newecology.org/wp-
content/uploads/2016/02/Multifamily-Housing-Resiliency-Audits_Tom-Chase.pdf
CityofAustin.(2017).Seaholmdistrict|economicdevelopment.RetrievedFebruary
2017,fromhttps://austintexas.gov/seaholm
CityofKingston,NY.(2017).WelcometothecityofKingston,NY-Rondout
neighborhoodcenter.RetrievedJanuary20,2017.
Cole,L.,McPhearson,T.,Herzog,C.,&Russ,A.(2016,June).Greeninfrastructure.
ConservationAdvisoryCouncil.(2015,January1).GreenInfrastructureGuide[PDF
document].Retrievedfrom
http://www.law.pace.edu/sites/default/files/LULC/CAC%20Green%20Infrastructure%20
Guide.pdf
Danovich,T.(2016,February).Whatarefoodincubatorsanddotheycreateviable
businesses?
Despommier,D.(n.d.).TheVerticalEssay[Weblogpost].Retrievedfrom
http://www.verticalfarm.com/?page_id=36
Doliner,M.(2006).Awaterbottle[photograph].Retrievedfromhttps://flic.kr/p/paYb8g
Dombrowski,Q.(2011).Electricvehiclechargingstation[photograph].Retrievedfrom
https://flic.kr/p/981S9v
EcoDistricts.(2015,February).Portlandecodistrictpilotprogramevaulation.Retrieved
fromhttps://ecodistricts.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Portland-Pilot-Program-
Evaluation.pdf
EcoDistricts®.(2016,October).EcoDistrictsProtocolTheglobalperformancestandard
thatempowerssustainableneighborhood-anddistrictscaledevelopment-.Retrieved
January19,2017.
42
EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.(2017).WhatCommunitiesareDoing|UrbanWaters.
RetrievedfromEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyUnitedStateswebsite:
https://www.epa.gov/urbanwaters/what-communities-are-doing
EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.(2017).WhatIsWaterSense?Retrievedfrom
EnvironmentalProtectionAgencyUnitedStateswebsite:
https://www3.epa.gov/watersense/about_us/what_is_ws.htm
EntrepreneurStaff.(n.d.).BusinessIncubator.Retrievedfrom
https://www.entrepreneur.com/encyclopedia/business-incubator
EthanSeltzer,EllenM.Bassett,JosephCortwright,VivekShandas,TimothyW.Smith,
“MakingEco-Districts:City-ScaleClimateActionOneNeighborhoodataTime”
InstituteforSustainableSolutions,PortlandStateUniversity,UnpublishedManuscript.
Everett,M.(2013,January10).Placemakinginachangingclimateintegratesadaptationand
revitalizationbestpractices[Weblogpost].
Everson,B.(2009).Mid-Citycommunitygarden[photograph].Retrievedfrom
https://flic.kr/p/6icjMa
FarmingKingstonNY.(2013,July20).UrbanAgricultureinKingston,NY.Retrieved
February13,2017,fromhttp://grow-kingston.org/
GeothermalGenius.(2014).HowGeothermalHeating&CoolingSystemWorks-
GeoExchangeExplained.RetrievedFebruary15,2017,from
http://www.geothermalgenius.org/how-it-works/
GreenBuildingCouncil.(2017).GettingtoknowLEED:neighborhooddevelopment.Retrieved
fromhttp://www.usgbc.org/articles/getting-know-leed-neighborhood-development
GrowNYC.(2016).Bioswales.Retrievedfrom
https://www.grownyc.org/openspace/green-infrastructure-toolkit/bioswales
Hahn,K.(2013,March25).Whatisafoodshed?|MSUExtension.Retrievedfrom
http://msue.anr.msu.edu/news/what_is_a_food_shed
HudsonValleyFarmHub.(2017).HudsonValleyFarmHub|What'sGrowing2016.
43
RetrievedFebruary15,2017,fromhttp://hvfarmhub.org/whats-growing-2016/
HudsonValleyNewsNetwork.(n.d.).FEEDINGTHEHUDSONVALLEY.Retrieved
fromhttp://hudsonvalleynewsnetwork.com/2016/09/21/feeding-hudson-valley/
Hallsmith,G.,&Lietaer,B.(2006).Communitycurrencyguide.RetrievedfromGlobal
CommunityInitiativeswebsite:https://www.community-
exchange.org/docs/Community_Currency_Guide.pdf
Hiss,T.(1991).Theexperienceofplace.NewYork:VintageBooks.
Huey,J.(2015,March3).Casestudy:onthego-insightsintofoodtruckregulationin
UScitiesregulatoryreformforthe21stcenturycity.Retrievedfrom
http://datasmart.ash.harvard.edu/news/article/case-study-food-trucks-585
InstituteofTransportationEngineers.(2017).Trafficcalming.RetrievedJanuary23,
2017.https://ilsr.org/recycling-means-business/
Kent,F.(2012).Towardanarchitectureofplace:movingbeyondiconictoextraordinary.
Retrievedfromhttps://www.pps.org/reference/toward-an-architecture-of-place-
moving-beyond-iconic-to-extraordinary/
Khan,N.(2014).BarclaysCycleHireDockingStation,London[photograph].Retrieved
fromhttps://flic.kr/p/oV4Tms
Kloppenburg,J.,Hendrickson,J.,&Stevenson,G.(1996).Comingintothefoodshed.
Retrievedfromhttp://www.cias.wisc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/comingin.pdf
LeJava,J.P.(2015,May13).NewburghConservationAdvisoryCouncil’sGreenInfrastructure
Guide[PDF].Retrievedfrom
http://www.cityofnewburgh-
ny.gov/sites/newburghny/files/u576/newburgh_green_infras
ructure_5-13-20152.pdf
LocalEconomiesProject.(2017).LocalEconomiesProject|EcologicalFarming.Retrieved
February15,2017,fromhttp://localeconomiesproject.org/ecological-farming-3/
Male,M.(2013).UnionSquareFarmers'Market[photograph].Retrievedfrom
https://flic.kr/p/iF2VPC
MicrogridKnowledge.(2015).CommunityMicrogridsAguideformayorsandcity
44
leadersseekingclean,reliableandlocallycontrolledenergy.RetrievedJanuary20,2017.
Mid-HudsonPlanningConsortium.(2013,May).Mid-Hudsonregionalsustainability
plan.NewPaltzReUseandRecyclingCenter.(2016).NewPaltzreuseand
recyclingcenter.
Nevarez,L.(2011).coils[photograph].Retrievedfromhttps://flic.kr/p/aueUXc
Nevarez,L.(2011).x-rayedpaintbrushes[photograph].Retrievedfrom
https://flic.kr/p/auhzKw
NYSDept.ofEnvironmentalConservation.(n.d.).GreenInfrastructureExamplesfor
StormwaterManagementintheHudsonValley.RetrievedFebruary15,2017,from
http://www.dec.ny.gov/lands/58930.html
NewYorkStateEnergyandResearchDevelopmentAuthority.(2013,October11).Workshopon
MicrogridTechnologies&ApplicationsOpportunities&ChallengesforNewYork[PDF].
Retrievedfrom
http://rpi.edu/cfes/Workshop%20on%20Microgrid/D1%20Razanousky%20NYSERDA20.
NYSERDANewYorkStateEnergyResearchandDevelopmentAuthority.(2017).NY
Prize.RetrievedfromNewYorkStatewebsite:https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-
Programs/Programs/NY-Prize
NYSERDANewYorkStateResearchandDevelopmentAuthority.(2017).SolarizeYour
Community.RetrievedfromNewYorkStatewebsite:
https://www.nyserda.ny.gov/All-Programs/Programs/NY-Sun/Communities/Solarize
NYSSmartGridConsortium.(2015,August13).NewYorkStateMicrogridInventory.Retrieved
March6,2017,from
http://nyssmartgrid.com/wp-content/uploads/NewYorkStateMicrogridInventory_2015-
08-133.pdf
OneWater.(2013).About.RetrievedJanuary30,2017,fromhttp://www.onewater.org/about
OrangeCountyPlanningDepartment,OrangeCountyPlanningBoard,RegionalPlan
Association,&MunicpalPartners.(n.d.).Mid-Hudsonsustainabilityandsmart
growthtoolkit.RetrievedfromRegionalPlanAssociationwebsite:
45
http://library.rpa.org/pdf/Mid-Hudson-Sustainability-and-Smart-Growth-Toolkit.pdf
OxfordLivingDictionaries.(n.d.).parklet-definitionofparkletinEnglish.Retrievedfrom
https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/parklet
Plotz,M.(2013,May).Streetsthatwork[Blogpost].Retrievedfrom
https://www.pps.org/blog/streets-that-work/
Porter,Justine.2015.CommunityWealthSummitPoughkeepsie.
PortlandSustainabilityInstitute.(2011).TheEcoDistrictstoolkit:assessmentprioritizing
projectsinanEcoDistrict.
PortlandSustainabilityInstitute.(2012,September).SoMaDistrictRoadmap.
ProjectforPublicSpaces.(n.d.).StreetsasPlaces.RetrievedFebruary15,2017,from
https://www.pps.org/reference/streets-as-places/
ProjectforPublicSpaces.(n.d.).TheLighter,Quicker,CheaperTransformationofPublic
Spaces.ProjectforPublicSpaces.RetrievedJanuary19,2017.
ProjectforPublicSpaces.(2009,January2).Theoriginofthepowerof10.Retrieved
fromhttps://www.pps.org/reference/poweroften/
ProjectforPublicSpaces.(2012).Isyourcitydesign-centeredorplace-centered?
RetrievedfromProjectforPublicSpaceswebsite:
https://www.pps.org/reference/is-your-city-design-centered-or-place-centered/
ProjectforPublicSpaces.(2012,January).Transformingcitiesthroughcreative
placemaking.
ProjectforPublicSpaces.(2013).Transformativeplacemaking:turningeverything
upside-downtogetitrightside-up.RetrievedfromProjectforPublicSpaces
website:
https://www.pps.org/reference/transformative-placemaking-turning-everything-upside-
down-to-get-it-rightside-up/
PavementtoParks.(2015).SanFranciscoparkletmanual.RetrievedJanuary20,2017.
Rainready.(n.d.).CorePrinciples.RetrievedFebruary13,2017,from
http://rainready.org/what-is-rain-ready/rain-ready-plan
RecycleRewards,INC.(2017).Recyclebank.RetrievedJanuary23,2017.
46
Ricchiuto,K.(2016,August1).Transformingneighborhoodsthroughaffordablehousing
inDenver.
Ross,R.(2012,December18).BuildingaBetterBlockinOakCliff-TheTexas
Observer.
Rudak,O.(2015).Bikepath(green)[photograph].Retrievedfromhttps://flic.kr/p/zuDVCB
Sableman,P.(2011).Communitygardensculptureinthegrove[Photograph].Retrieved
fromhttps://flic.kr/p/aKHWDp
SanFranciscoPlanningDepartment.(2012).236Townsendparklet[photograph].
Retrievedfromhttps://flic.kr/p/deWPav
Shuman,M.(2007).Thesmart-martrevolution::howlocalbusinessesarebeatingthe
globalcompetition(1sted.).WashingtonD.C.:Berrett-KoehlerPublishers.
Smith,S.E.(2015,April1).Low-IncomeCommunitiesAreDisproportionatelyPutat
RiskforHealthProblems-Rewire.
SustainableCitiesInstitute.(2005).10,000raingardens.
TEDxTalks.(2012,February).Howtobuildabetterblock:JasonRoberts[YouTube].
Retrievedfromhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ntwqVDzdqAU
Thomas,S.(2009).NewYorkseparatedbikelane[photograph].Retrievedfrom
https://www.flickr.com/photos/spencerthomas/4152851724
TimeBanksUSA.(n.d.).Timebankingabout.RetrievedJanuary25,2017,from
http://timebanks.org/timebankingabout/
UrbanAgricultureZoningProject.(2014).UrbanAgricultureZoningProject.Retrieved
February1,2017,fromhttps://grow-kingston.org/urban-agriculture-zoning-project-2/
V.(2013).Punkrockfleamarket[photograph].Retrievedfromhttps://flic.kr/p/ekANGK
Vaccarelli,J.(2016,December12).$30milliongrantwillhelprevitalizeSunValley,Denver’s
poorestneighborhood.RetrievedMarch27,2017,from
http://www.denverpost.com/2016/12/12/30-million-grant-help-denver-poorest-
neighborhood-sun-valley/
Vail,E.,&Palmer,R.(n.d.).GreenInfrastructureCaseStudiesfromPeerCommunities:
PoughkeepsieandNewburgh.RetrievedfromNYSDept.ofEnvironmentalConservation
47
website:https://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/documents/huddoc?id=stormwater_cs.pdf
WalkableandLivableCommunitiesInstitute.(2012).Walkabilityworkbook.Retrievedfrom
WalkableandLivableCommunitiesInstitutewebsite:
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/549ae026e4b00c1193a3d7bd/t/55a67eefe4b0c
39cd1993cc2/1436974831523/Walkability+Workbook_WALC+Institute_September+201
2.pdf
Whyte,W.(1980).Thesociallifeofpublicspaces.ProjectforPublicSpaces.
ZerotoGo.(n.d.).ABOUT—ZerotoGo.RetrievedFebruary15,2017,from
http://www.zerotogo.org/about/