The Periodic Table

A guide.

Is a valuable tool to chemists Gives a lot of information about the elements Can be used to predict properties of elements

The Periodic Table

All the elements discovered to date!

92 naturally occurring elements

26 man-made elements

What’s on the P.T.?

In order of increasing atomic number!

With elements that have similar properties in the same column.

So what is with the 2 rows of elements at the bottom? Where do they fit in?

How is the P.T. organized?

This is where the 2 rows really belong.

So why is it never shown there? It would make the P.T. too long to fit on a single page.

Elements can be metals, nonmetals or metalloids.

Metals Are lustrous

(shiny) Are good

conductors of heat and electricity

Are ductile (able to be drawn into wire)

Are malleable (can be pounded into thin sheets

Malleability- https:

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=f4OTj9yNOak

Ductility- https:

//www.youtube.com/watch?v=o6m1Uii5v2I

Metals on the P.T.

Metals

Nonmetals on the P.T.

Nonmetals

Nonmetals

Are BRITTLE (shatter easily when hit) solids, or liquid or gas at room temperature

Are INSULATORS of heat and electricity

Solids are DULL

S

Cl

Metalloids

Are between the metals and the nonmetals on the P.T. Can have properties of both metals and nonmetals There are 7 METALLOIDS-

Boron Silicon Germanium Arsenic Antimony Tellurium Polonium

The vertical columns are called GROUPS or

families. All the elements in a group have similar

chemical and physical properties! There are 18 groups on the P.T.

Some are important enough to be named!

The horizontal rows are called PERIODS. There are 7 periods on the P.T.

Arrangement

Alkali Metals – Group 1

Very reactive metals React vigorously

with water and oxygen in the air

Produce bases (alkalis) when reacting with water

Alkaline Earth Metals – Group 2

Reactive metals (but not as much as the alkali metals)

The “earth” part of the name comes from being found in compounds within rocks and minerals

Halogens – Group 17

Are very reactive nonmetals

name means “salt former” & compounds made with halogens are called salts

Noble Gases – Group 18

Are mostly nonreactive nonmetals Before the 1960s

they were considered completely nonreactive

Now we know they can be made to react a little

Transition Metals – Groups 3 - 12

Are great conductors!

Inner Transition Metals – the 2 lower rows on the

P.T. Are more reactive

than the transition metals Top row called the

LANTHANIDES Bottom row called

the ACTINIDES

Metalloids

Elements in groups share similar chemical and

physical properties.

These similarities can be used to predict trends among the elements on the P.T.

Physical/Chemical Properties of Elements on the P.T.

Periodic Trends of Elements – some

definitions Atomic radius

Considered to be half the distance between the nuclei of 2 of the same element bonded together

Ionic Radius – same as an atomic radius but

for ions An ion – a positively or negatively charged

atom made by gaining or losing electrons

Ionization energy-

Energy needed to remove an electron from an atom to make it an ion

Metals usually give up electrons more easily than nonmetals do.

The attraction an atom has for another

element’s electrons

Electronegativity

Periodic Trends – the important 2 elements to

remember

Why these 2 elements?

Francium (Fr) Largest atomic &

ionic radius

Lowest ionization energy & electronegativity

Fluorine (F) Smallest atomic &

ionic radius

Highest ionization energy & electronegativity

All trends can be figured out if you remember these 2 elements!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Periodic Trends