a. gmp basics of light 2009

7/28/2019 A. GMP Basics of Light 2009

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1. Basics of Light ing, Units &

Measurements

1BCA-GMP-Sesh-2009

BCA Academy (GMP) Programme

Module: Efficient Eco-lighting systems

(indoor & Outdoor)

About2/3 of all lighting currently installed globally is based on older, less

energy-efficient technology (pre - 1970) There have been big strides in technology in the past 10-15 years.

Green l ighting

Switching the older lighting to the latest technology will bring huge

savings in energy costs and CO2 emission.The current changeover rate to new lighting seems simply too slow.

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What is Light ?

• Light is elec tromagnet ic rad iation (s imi lar to Radio , Mobi le

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• It creates the sensat ion of ‘vision’, when i t enters our eyes

• It is thus a physical and perceived phenomenon & depends

also on the sensi tivi ty of eye

Light Output

Key Terminology & Defini tions

Colour temperature

Illuminance

Luminous Intensity

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Colour Rendering Index

Life time



Total quantity of

Light Output (= Luminous f lux)

g em e y alight source persecond

Unit Lumens

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Symbol φa

Lamp Power (W) Light

output

Light output (Examples)

(Lumens)

Incandescent Lamp GLS 75W 900

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

(CFL)

PLEU 15W 900

Fluorescent tube Cool Daylight TLD 36W/54 2500

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-

Ceramic Discharge Metal halide CDM-T 35W 3300

High Pressure Sodium Tubular SON-T 400W 54000



Lamp Power (W) Light

output

Efficacy

(Lumens

Light Efficacy (examples)

(Lumens) per W)

Incandescent Lamp GLS 75W 900 12

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

(CFL)

PLEU 15W 900 60

Fluorescent tube Cool Daylight TLD 36W/54 2500 69

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Ceramic Discharge Metal halide CDM-T 35W 3300 94

High Pressure Sodium Tubular SON-T 400W 54000 135

I

Light output in acertain direction,

Luminous Intensity

φdI = Luminous flux =

ra ate per soangle

Unit : Candela

ω

ω

ω

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Solid Angle (Steradian) Symbol : Iω



Luminous flux incident on a surface divided by the area of that surface : also called Lighting Level

Illuminance

E = Lumens x (certain Factors*)

AreaLumens

2

Unit : Lux

Symbol : E

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Illuminance

* These factors will vary with the room dimensions, type of fitting used,

reflectance of walls & ceiling, height of fitting suspension etc

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11 lux

Inverse Square Law

100 lux

1m2m

3m

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Spot Medium flood

Inverse Square Law appl ication

1,5m

2,5m

3,5m4m

1,5m

2,5m

3,5m4m

1,5m

2,5m

3,5m4m

0 1m

2m

2m

1m

0 1m

2m

2m

1m

0 1m

2m

2m

1m

β < 20° 20° ≤ β ≤ 40° β > 40°

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The human eye

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Visual Acuity

Visual Acuity depends on :

• ua y o e eye

•Contrast Detection

•Observation Time

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Acuity



(For some hours of working)

Age Vs Il luminance

40 years = 600 lux

12 years = 200 lux

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60 years = 3000 lux

Lighting and Productivity

Productivit and

Task Illuminance

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500 2000Lux

Dr.D.Fischer, International Lighting Review 85/2



Lighting and Errors

Errors and

as

Illuminance

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500 2000

Lux


Light ing and Fatigue

Fatigue and

Task

um nance

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500 2000

Lux




Luminance

Luminous flux(lumen)

Intensity(candela)

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Illuminance(lux)

Sl.No Type of Interior E (Lux) UGR CRI

3.1 Filin co in 19

SS 531:2006 Lighting Code

3.2 Writing, reading, Data processing 500 19 80

3.3 Technical drawings 750 16 80

3.4 CAD work stations 500 19 80

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.

3.6 Reception desk 300 22 80

3.7 Archives 200 25 80



Light Spectrum

380nm 800nm

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• Wavelength of 380nm - 800 nm is occupied

by Light waves.

• It is identified by colours Violet to Red

Colour Criteria

Colour Temperature of Lamp

Colour Rendering of Objects

Colour Temperature of Lamp

Colour Rendering of Objects

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North sky10 000 K

Colour Temperature (Kelvin)

Sun in the

Zenith

In the afternoon a t u r a l l i g h t

6000 K

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Twilight

Sunrise/Sunset

N

2000 K

Mercury

Neutral white4100 K

Colour Temperature (Kelvin)

Halogen/CDM

Crisp warm

Incandescent

3000 K

c i a l l i g h t i n g

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Sodium

Orange yellow

Cosy” warm

1950 K

A r t i f i



Colour temperatures

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Colour temperatures

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The Perceiver

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The material


The Perceiver Sodium Lamp

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The material




Blue Green

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IncandescentLamp

RedYellow

Sodium HPLamp


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CRILamp Type

CRI of typical lamps

Incandescent/ Halogen 100

Fluorescent Colour 33




66

72

85

93

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High Pressure Sodium(SON)

High Pressure Mercury(HPL)

Low pressure Sodium(SOX)

45

Nil

Tri-Phosphor powder

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Lamp type Output Color Temp CRI

Colour example – Super 80 tubes

TLD 36W / 827 3200 lm 2700K >80

TLD 36W / 830 3200 lm 3000K >80

TLD 36W / 840 3350 lm 4000K >80

TLD 36W / 850 3200 lm 5000K >80

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TLD 36W / 865 3200 lm 6500K >80

TLD 36W / 54

Cool Daylight

2500 lm 6500K 72

Life time of a lamp

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Life time of lamp

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Manufacturers’ Published life is the 50% failure life

At 3 hours of use per Start

Defines how theDefines how the

Light distribution

Luminous Flux

radiated by the

Source is

distributed in

various directions

Luminous Flux

radiated by the

Source is

distributed in

various directions

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in the spacearound itin the spacearound it



Light distribution beam shapes

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Narrow Beam Medium Beam Wide Beam Batwingdistribution

Light dist ribution diagram

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A



Different Light distributions

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a. gmp basics of light 2009

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