A Global Conflict

Chapter 13

Section 3

Learning Targets

• I can describe Total War• I can evaluate the reasoning behind

American involvement in World War One

Woodrow Wilson• “Neutrality is a negative

word. It does not express what America ought to feel. We are not trying to keep out of trouble; we are trying to preserve the foundations on which peace may be rebuilt.”

World War One

• World War I spread to several continents and requires the full resources of many governments.

Gallipoli Campaign• Allies move to capture the

Ottoman Dardanelles straight Feb, 1915

• Hope to defeat Ottomans quickly and drive them out of the war

• Need supply line to Russia which can be attained by victory

• Effort ends in costly allied defeat

Africa and Asia

• Allies capture German colonies in Asia and Africa.

• Britain and France use their own colonial troops to fight in war.

America Joins The Fight• Germany needs to

control Atlantic to stop supplies from going to Britain.

• Uses submarines to sink shipping

• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare – sinking ships without giving warning or the crew a chance to get off the ship

Lusitania• The Lusitania, a British

merchant ship is sunk off the coast of Britain, killing over 100 Americans.

• United States angrily protests.

• Germans stop unrestricted submarine

warfare.

Zimmerman Note• German ambassador sends note to

Mexico asking for help in the war if the United States gets involved.

• Promises Mexico can have back lands lost in Mexican-American War.

• U.S. declares war after note and unrestricted submarine warfare begins again.

• April, 1917 U.S. Declares War on central powers

Lusitania and Zimmerman Note

Total War• Nations must devote all

resources to the war.• Governments take

control of economy to produce war goods.

• Nations begin rationing – limits on purchasing of war related goods.

• Propaganda – one-sides information to build morale and support for the war.

Home Front• Thousands of

women fill jobs that were held by men

• Many women experience the war as working nurses at the front.

Changes in Russia• Russia Withdraws –

Russia communist revolution of 1917 sees czar step down.

• 1918 Russians sign treaty with Germany, pulls out of war in march.

Allied Victory• Germany is free to move all troops

West after Russia leaves war.• German thrusts are stopped and the

situation in Germany becomes impossible.

• Starvation and desire to stop war spread through Germany.

Costs of Total War• 8.5 Million Dead• 21 Million Wounded

Costs of Total War• War devastates European

economies, drains national treasuries

• Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns destroyed

Quiz Time!!!

1) The Gallipoli Campaign was an effort by The Allies to accomplish what goal?

2) What did the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare refer to?

3) Africa and Asia were part of World War One because

4) When societies sacrificed and rationed to support the war effort it is known as __ ____.

5) What country pulled out of the war because of a communist revolution?

Answers

1) Find a water route to the Russians

2) Germany sinking ships without warning

3) Europeans had colonies there

4) Total War

5) Russia