MARGARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA 615

A first list of marine algae from Nigeria. By MARGARET Fox

(With Plate 54 and 5 Text-figures)

[Read 24 May 19571

In a search of the literature on marine algae from West Africa I have been able to trace only one previously published work on marine algae from Nigeria. This is Mills (1932) : ‘Some diatoms from Warri, South Nigeria’, and deals with both marine and fresh-water forms. The marine algae of the Cameroons were listed by Pilger (1911). Recently, Lawson (1955) made an ecological survey of the rocky shores of the Cameroons, and reports several species not found by Pilger. Even so, there are only nine species in common between Lagos and the Cameroons. There are three papers listing the marine algal flora of San Thorn6 (Henriques, 1885, 1886; Hariot, 1908), but there are only four species in common between San Thome and Lagos.

The algae listed here were collected between 1953 and 1956, principally a t Lagos, Nigeria, although one collection made in October 1954 at Freetown, Sierra Leone, and another made in January 1954 at Port Harcourt, Nigeria, are included.

Lagos Island

Text-fig. 1

At Lagos algae grow on the pegmatite boulders forming the East and West Moles protecting the harbour (see map, Test-fig. 1). Collections were made in the following places in the months indicated :

West Mole, Lighthouse Beach side, in March and November 1953, March and

West Mole, Tarkwa Bay side, in March, April and November 1953, March and November 1954 and January 1956.

November 1954 and January 1956. JOURN. LINN. SOC.-BOTANY, VOL. LV QQ

616 MARGARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA

East Mole, Victoria Beach side, in March, April and November 1953, March and November 1954 and January 1956.

Victoria Beach rocks (an artificial reef about one mile east of the East Mole, along Victoria Beach) in March and April 1954. By November 1954 the reef was not visible.

Algae have not been observed so far on the other more protected parts of the harbour works.

The plankton collections of Mr C. I. 0. Olaniyan, B.Sc., of the Department of Zoology, University College, Ibadan, were very kindly made available for the identification of phytoplankton. These samples consisted of collections made at both high and low tide in each of three places at Lagos (in the harbour entrance, off Wilmot Point, in Lagos Lagoon off Onikan Beach) in January, March, June and September 1954. The samples are not comparable quantitatively.

One collection was made at Ikoyi Beach, Lagos Lagoon (no. 45) and one was made in the brackish swamp dominated by Avicennia geminam (L.) Steam, behind Tarkwa Bay (no. 56). The remaining Nigerian collection is from the brackish water creeks round Port Harcourt (nos. 3 and 19).

In Sierra Leone one collection was made at Man 0’ War Bay, near Freetown (nos. 49, 50, 52 and 53).

In describing ecological conditions at Lagos the following summary of tidal data is relevant :

Max. (theoretical) tidal range (high water springs to low water springs), 4.8 ft. Max. (actual) tidal range (high water springs to the following low water) (December),

Min. tidal range between two succeeding tides (March), 0.9 ft. Average tidal range throughout the year, 2.5 ft. Climate and weather play a larger part in determining the distribution of algae than

is the case in a temperate region. The drymg sea breeze and intense insolation along the shore preclude algal growth anywhere which is above surf or wave wash for two hours or more at low water. Wave height is always more than the average tidal range, generally several times more, and this makes for heavy surf action. Theoretically the lowest tides run in May to July at night, and it is also impossible to collect during the daytime in this period because of the high seas associated with the onset of the rains.

Broadly speaking there are two ecological groups of plants on the Moles at Lagos; there is the group which will withstand the complete absence of sea water, including surf and wave wash, for about two hours at low water, and there is another much larger group of species which cannot withstand this kind of exposure at all. The first group, of C h u e t m p h a antennina, En&ronwrphu clathratu and Bachelotiu fdve-scens, is found on rocks at the base of the landward end of the Moles, where the sand is often shifting, and forms a ‘landward limit of algal growth ’. This same group of species is also to be found at the vertical upper limit of algal growth in the surf zone, the habitat of the second group of species, consisting of Bryopsis stenoptera, E c t m v spp., Chnoospora minim, Cracilaria dentata, Hypneu muscifmia and Bryocludiu thyrsigera. The surf zone here may be dehed as ‘that region (of a Mole) which has as its vertical lower limit low-water level and as its vertical upper limit a level which is kept constantly moist by surf or wave wash’; the zone extends horizontally seaward from a point at which most of the waves have broken at low water.

The emersion which the firat group of species is able to withstand may not be as severe as it would seem, since the three species concerned generally grow through and over sand, and moisture is probably available from below. Of the second group of species, the &st three species tend to be found towards the vertical upper limit of the surf zone, and the last three species towards its lower limit, but the clear zonations found in temperate regions cannot be distinguished.

4.5 ft.

MARQARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE ALQAE FROM NIQERIA 617

Sourie (1954), in a study of the marine ecology of four places in Senegal (including Mauritania and French Guinea), distinguishes a horizontal distribution of algae, deter- mined by the degree of moisture maintained by the interaction of tide and waves, and a vertical zonation determined by the degree of exposure ( ‘ t rh battu’, ‘battu’ and ‘abrit6’). These repons can only be observed in the most general terms a t Lagos where the flora is essentially a limited one.

Among the diatoms of the phytoplankton the occurrence of a fresh-water form, Melosira granulntn (Ehrenb.) Ralfs, reflecting the large amounts of fresh water entering the harbour as a result of the rains, is interesting. The months of the phytoplankton samples were chosen arbitrarily, and salinity records made available subsequently by the Department of Zoology, University College, Ibadan, suggest that a better choice is possible. But in the collections listed here, M . granulata has been found in the samples taken at low water in June 1954 in the harbour entrance, off Wilmot Point and in Lagos Lagoon; and also at both high and low water in September 1954 in samples from Wilmot Point and Lagos Lagoon. Salinities in the harbour entrance range from about 25 to 35 yo all the year round at high tide and also a t low tide in the dry season. At low tide in the rains and just after the value drops to about 5 yo. The other diatoms are marine and brackish-water forms, mostly cosmopolitan in distribution, except Radiodiscus hispidus (Grun.) Mills, which has a rather sporadic distribution (Voigt, 1951), and has been previously reported from Nigeria (Mills, 1932).

I am most grateful to Dr C. Bliding, who has identified specimens belonging to the genus Enteromorpha, to Dr Th. J. Koster (Cladophora), to M i R. Ross (Diatoms), and to Mr F. Drouet (Myxophyceae). The collections were made while I was attached to the Department of Botany, University College, Ibadan, and I wish to thank Prof. F. W. Sansome for the facilities provided. Special thanks are due to the Keeper of Botany a t the British Museum (Natural History), where I worked for several most agreeable months, and to his staff.

In commenting on each species I have tried to give some idea of what is thought to be its distribution on the Atlantic coast of Africa and in the West African islands. I have included the east coast of South Africa, which is swept by a warm current, and this distribution is referred to in the text simply as ‘Africa’ for brevity. There have been very few authentic herbarium specimens available to me in this connexion, except those of Welwitsch from Angola, and the records are in many cams taken from papers dating from over forty years ago; these are all included in the list of works referred to a t the end of the paper. I have included a minimum of synonymy to cover the names used in these papers where they differ from the ones in current use. Recent lists, mentioning species I have found so far a t Lagos, have appeared for Morocco (Dangeard, 1949), Senegal (Sourie, 1954), Sierra Leone (Lawson, 1954), the Gold Coast (Dickinson & Foote, 1950-1 ; Dickinson, 1951-2), Cameroons (Lawson, 1955) and South Africa (Kylin, 1938; Levring, 1938; Papenfuss, 1943 etc.; Stephenson, 1948).

Thirty-six species are listed here, excluding diatoms; chiefly for reason of inadequate material I have omitted for the time being twelve other species. Fourteen species of diatoms are listed, and there are about ten more species which occur sporadically in plankton and as epiphytes.

CHLOROPHYCEAE ULVACEAE

Enteromorpha Link, 1820 Enterommyha clathrata (Roth) Grev., A&. Brit. p. 181 (1850), in sensu Bliding, Bot.

This is a very variable species aa found at Lagos. In exposed conditions at the land- ward limit of algal growth it appears aa fine pale green threads often growing though sand, and with smaller oells than is typical. This material Dr Sliding has identified

Notiser, p. 331 (1944.)

QQ-2

618 MARQARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MAIUNE ALOAE FROM NIGERIA

E. clathrata (group) (nos. 2.88 and 2.90). In the surf zone (no. 2.89) the plants may look the same macroscopically aa those growing higher up, or the growth may be of a much coarser, brighter green kind (no. 4 from the more sheltered conditions of Tarkwa Bay), but the cell size, Dr Bliding considers, is more typical. No. 5 (West Mole, Lighthouse Beach, March 1954) shows a cell sue most nearly like that of most European material. Text-figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the difference in cell size between nos. 2.90 and 5. E . clathrata generally has 4-7 pyrenoids in each cell.

At Man 0’ War Bay E. clathrata (group), again with small cells, was found on the scoriaceous rock exposed at low tide (no. 49) and on pebbles in the fresh-water streams that flow into the bay at low water (no. 53, with larger cells).

MATERIALS. Nos. 2 (spirit), 2.88, 2.89, 2.90, 4, 146, 157, 177, (Lagos); 49, 53 (spirit, Freetown).

DISTRIBUTION. AfricaSouth Africa, Ascension, Annobon, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Cap Vert Is., Canary Is., Morocco, Tangier. Elsewhere very widely spread in most waters, but it is improbable that all the material giving rise to those records is E. cluthrata in sensu Bliding.

Enteromor-pha intemnedia Blidmg, Bot. Notiser, 108 (2), 253 (1955)

This new species waa founded by Dr Bliding on material from Europe. In Nigeria it has been found growing with E. chthrata tangled round the roots of Rhiqhora spp. in the creeks round Port Harcourt. The cells are rather square and have 1-2 pyrenoids each (Text-fig. 4). No. 193 is also from a brackish-water habitat, though no. 190 was found in the surf zone on the shore. E. intemedia has not been previously reported from the Gold Coast.

MATERIAL. No. 3 (spirit, Port Harcourt); 190 (Gold Coast, Tema); 193 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africic-Nigeria, Gold Coast. Sweden, Holland, England and Wales,

U.S.A. CLADOPHORACEAE

Chaetomorpha Kutz., 1845 Chae-pha antennina (Bory) Kutz., Spec. alg. p. 379 (1849) Chtommpha nzedia (J. Ag.) Kutz., Spec. alg. p. 380 (1849) Berrgesen, Some marine algae from Mauritius, I, Chlorophyceae, in K . danske vidensk.

At Lagos the growth of this species is relatively stunted; it forms bright green shining tufts up to 7 cm. high, both at the landward limit of algal growth and towards the vertical upper limit of the surf zone. The basal cell is up to 2.5 m. long, about 150p wide at its base and 240p wide at the top. In the filaments the cells are 390-5OOp wide by 1-3 times longer.

At Man 0’ War Bay C. antenninu is common in the pools in the basalt rock surrounding the Bay, near high-tide level, and on the pebbles in the fresh-water streams running into the Bay at low water.

Selsk., Biol., 15, (4), 37 (1940)

MATERIAL. Nos. 6, 152 (Lagos); 53 (spirit, Freetown). DISTRIBUTION. A f i i c d o u t h Africa, Cameroons, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone,

Senegal, Cap Vert Is., Canary Is. Widespread in warmer seas elsewhere.

Cladophora Kutz., 1843 Cladophma albida (Huds.) Kutz., Phyc. gen. p. 267 (1843) Cludophora tenuis Kutz., Phyc. germ. p. 209 (1845)

This species has been found only on rocks in the surf zone in the more protected conditions of Tarkwa Bay. Reported previously in Africa only from the Cameroons by Pilger (1911).

619 MARGARET FOX : A FIRST LIST OF lldlLRWE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA

MATERIAL. Nos. 92, 159 (Lagos); 137 (Gold Coast, Pram Pram). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Cameroons, Nigeria, Gold Coast. Atlantic and Mediterranean

coasts of Europe, Atlantic coast of North America south to Brazil, West Indies, Indian Ocean, Vi6t Nam, Australia.

L 3

Text-fig. 2. Enterorrwrpha clath.rata (group), no. 2.90. ( x 832.) Text-fig. 3. Enteromorphu clathrata, no. 5. ( x 832.) Text-fig. 4. Enterolnorph intermedia, no. 3. ( x 832.) Text-fig. 5. Lola tortuosa ( x 296.)

Cladophora fasciculwis (Mert.) Kutz., Phyc. gen. p. 268 (1843) On the whole C. fascicularis grows in more exposed situations than C. albidu. It is

common on rocks a t the landward end of the sur f zone on the outer faces of the Moles, and on Victoria Beach rocks.

M~TERIAL. Nos. 69, 93 and 41, 42 (spirit) (Lagos), 136 (Gold Coast, Pram Pram). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Gold Coast, Cap Vert Is., Canary Is., Morocco.

Apparently pantropical and subtropical.

620 MA€WARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE =AE FBOM NIGERIA

Lola Hamel, 1939 Lola tortuosa (Dillw.) Chapman, J . Linn. sbc., Bot., 55, 463 (1956) Rhizoclonium tortuosa (Dillw.) Kutz., Phyc. germ. p. 205 (1845)

The cells of the filaments are mostly 34-40~ wide by 16 times as long (Text-fig. 5). MATERIAL. No. 1 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-South Africa, Nigeria. Widely spread in most seas.

Rhizoclonium Kutz. 1843 Rhizoclonium implexum (Dillw.) Kutz., Koster, The genus Rhizoclonium Kutz. in the

Rhizoelonium kochianum Kutz., Phyc. germ. p. 206 (1845); Stockmeyer, Ueber die

Rhizoclonium kerneri Stockm. At Lagos this species occurs tangled with other species in the surf zone; at Port

Harcourt it was found twisted round the roots of Rhizophma spp. in the brackish water of the creeks. It was also found at Man 0’ War Bay in the streams flowing into the Bay at low water.

The cells are fairly evenly 15y wide by l&3 times as long, usually 2-2+ times; in the Port Harcourt material call width varied from 15 to 22p.

MATERIAL. No. 7 (Lagos); 3, 19 (spirit, Port Harcourt); 53 (spirit, Freetown). DISTRIBUTION. Africt+-Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Morocco. Known from the West Indies

Netherlands, in Pubbl. Staz. 2001. Napoli, 27, 343 (1955)

Algengattung Rhizoclonium, in V e r h u d . zooL-bot. Ga. Wien, 40, 582 (1890)

and Europe, Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean.

BRYOPSIDACEAE Bryopsis Lam. 1809

Bryopsis pennata Lam., Nouv. Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom. 1, 333 (1807) It seems that there are two species of Bryopsh growing intermingled at Lagos.

Together they form a dull green fringe on turf on rocks in the surf zone, particularly in Tarkwa Bay, which is very sheltered. There are no intermediates between the two kinds, and the larger seems to be fairly typical B. pennata. Lawson nos. A903 and A968 from Freetown are also B. pennata.

MATERIAL. Nos. 8, 170 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Angola, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Morocco.

Warmer Atlantic shores of America, West Indies and Ceylon.

Bryopsis stenoptera Pager, Die Meeresalgen von Kamerun, in Bot. Jb. 46, 295 (1911-12) This species is altogether much finer than B. pennata. It forms part of the same turf,

up to 3 cm. high, but its measurements are much less. A specimen of the material on which Pilger’s description was based (Ledermanu no. 557) was found in Herb. Bsrgesen in Copenhagen, and recent Cameroons, Nigerian and Gold Coast material compared with it. The Cameroons material (Lawson nos. A751, A807 and A847) all proved to be B. stenoptera, and so did the Nigerian material. None of the Gold Coast material belonged to this species (Lawson nos. A248, A319, A332, A353, A413, A538, A903, A921, A968, A1009, A1065, A1073).

The plants are characterized by the linear-lanceolate fronds with h e , crowded dktichously arranged pinnae (Pl. 54, fig. 1). The main axes are little branched, loosely interwoven, mostly 150-260p wide at the base and about 8Oy wide in the frond. The pinnae are fairly regularly 36y wide; they are evenly cylindrical (except at base and

MARGARET FOX Journ. Linn. SOC. Bot. Voi. LV, Pi. 54

MARGARET BOX: A FIRST LIST O F MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA 62 1

apex) throughout their length, of more or less the same length, and very closely set on the axis of the frond (see P1.54, fig. 2). The pinnae are present for a considerable distance down the axis, usually, giving it a shaggy appearance, and after they have fallen away their scars are visible almost to the rhizoidal base.

MATERIAL. Nos. 8, 170 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa--Cameroons, Nigeria.

PHAEOPHYCEAE ECTOCARPACEAE

Bachelotia (Bornet) Fox, gen.nov. Pylaiella subgen. Bachelotia Bornet, Rev. gen. Bot. 1, 5 (1889)

Type species: B. fulvescens (Schousb. ex Bornet) Fox infra. ‘A pylaiella differt sporangiis plurilocularibus terminalibus vel pilo superati, chromatophoriis stellatis.’

Bornet (loc. cit.) made his subgenus Bachelotia on the grounds of the different growth habit of Pylaiella fulvescens (and two other species) from that found in other species of the genus Pylaiella. Kuckuck (1930) seems to have had the same opinion, for in his posthumous Frapwnte einer Monographie der Phaeospreen he uses, in an incidental mention, the name Bachelotia fulvescens. Hamel (1939), ‘Sur la classification des Ecto- carpales’ in Bot. Notiser, 1939, (l) , 66) uses the name Bachelotia fulvescens (Schousb.) Kuckuck, as if Kuckuck had in fact published the name in a valid sense.

Bachelotia fulvescens (Schousb. ex Bornet) Fox, comb.nov. Pylaiella fulvescens Schousb. ex Bornet, in Rev. gen. Bot. 1, 5 (1889)

At Lagos this alga grows in soft brown fringes on rocks in the surf zone, or through sand over rocks at the landward limit of algal growth on the shore. At Man 0’ War Bay it was found in the sterile condition growing on pebbles in the fresh-water streams running into the Bay a t low water.

Collections in March and April at Lagos showed intercalary unilocular sporangia, while those taken in November show a great many plurilocular sporangia. These have been recorded before, by Schiffner (1938) in material from the Laguna de Venezia (Schiffner no. 1198 in Herb. Brit. Mus.). Schiffner describes them as ‘ectocarpoid’ but gives no precise details.

In the Lagos material the plurilocular sporangia are solitary and sessile or terminal on a short stalk (Pl. 54, figs. 3-5). Intercalary plurilocular sporangia are rare. Tapering cylindrical sporangia, with (Pl. 54, fig. 4) or without (Pl. 54, fig. 3, in the centre of the photograph) a terminal hair are frequent. This kind of sporangium generally measures 80-1 15 y long by 25-35 p wide. Cylindrical sporangia each with a rounded apex are most common (see the two sporangia in the lower righthand corner of the photograph, P1. 54, fig. 3). These memure 50-60,~ long by 22-28p wide. There are also some pointed or even globose sporangia, always stalked, in which length and breadth can be equal although these usually measure 27-37p long by 22-27p wide (Pl. 54, fig. 5).

MATERIAL. Nos. 12, 12.94, 12.98, 156, 165, 172 (Lagos), 53 (spirit, Freetown). DISTRIBUTION. Afr icMouth Africa, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Senegal,

Canary Is., Morocco, Tangier. Warmer coasts of Europe, West Indies, Brazil, Australia, China.

Ectocarpus Lyngbye 1819 Ectocarp breviarticulatus J. Ag., Nya alger f r h Mexico, in Ofvers. Vetensk.Akad.

Forh., Stockh., 1847, 7 (1848). Bsrgesen, Marine algae of the Danish West Indies, 11, Phaeophyceae, in Dunsk. Bot. Ark. 2 (2), 173 (1914). Bsrgesen, Some marine algae from Mauritius, 11, in K . danske vidensk. Selsk., Biol., 16 (3), 39 (1941)

622 MLLROARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARIXE ALGAFA FROM NIGERIA

This is a species of characteristic appearance, forming thick tangled tresses up to 5 cm. long on rocks in the surf zone. It was found with megasporangia in all collections.

MATERIAL. Nos. 13, 13.111, 150, 153, 171, 179 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Afric-Nigeria, Gold Coast, Cap Vert Is. Widely spread in warmer

seas.

Ectocarpus indicus Sonder, in Zohger, Syst. Verz. Zollinger, Indisch. Archipel. Japan ges. PJEanz. (1854-5). Bmgesen, Some marine algae from Mauritius, 11, Phaeophyceae, in K. dunske vidensk. Selsk., Biol., 16 (3), 16 (1941)

Ectocarpus duchassaingianus Grunow, Reise Osterreich. Freg. Novara, Bot. 45 (1870). Bmgesen, Marine algae of the Danish West Indies, in Dan& Bot. Ark. 2 (2), 159 (1914)

This material was found growing on shells attached to rocks in the surf zone in Tarkwa Bay in March 1954. Most of it is sterile, very sparsely branched, and, in contrast to Giffordia rnikMlae, only faintly pigmented. The main axes are up to 3 2 , ~ wide, and the lateral branches taper from about 12p wide near their base to 5 p at the apex. The branches of the young plants show very slight constriction at their septa.

The older plants bearing plurilocular sporangia are much more branched (Pl. 54, fig. 6). The main axes vary from 35 to 428 wide and the cells are all decidedly barrel-shaped. The sporangia are mostly 15-20 and 80-160y long and the outline of each sporangium is uneven. Thus the sporangia present quite a Werent appearance from those of aiffordia rnitchellae. The loculi are 5-7.5,~ high.

MATERIAL. Nos. 11 (spirit), 11.95, 11.96 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Widely spread in the warmer parts of the Atlantic,

Indian and Pacifh Oceans.

GifFordia (Batters) Hamel 1939 aiffordia rnitchellae (Harv.) Hamel, P b p h y d e s de France, p. 29 (1931-9) Ectocarpus rnikhek Harv., Ner. Bor. A w r . 1, 142 (1858). Bmgesen, Some marine

algae from Mauritius, 11, Phaeophyceae, in K. dunske widensk. Selsk., Biol., 16 (3), 7 (1941)

Ectomrpus virescens Thuret ex Sauvageau, Sur I’Ectocarpus virescens, in J . Bot., Paris, 10 (6), 98 and (7), 113 (1896). Bargesen, Marine algae from the Canary Islands, 11, Phaeophyceae, in K. danske widensk. Selsk., Bwl., 6 (2), 18 (1926)

This species was gathered at Lagos in March 1954 from both the Tarkwa Bay and Lighthouse Beach sides of the West Mole. It formed a soft greenish growth on rocks in the surf zone. Both nos. 9 and 10 were collected on both sides of the Mole, and it seems probable that no. 9 is merely a young form of no. 10.

The main axes are about 30p wide, the cells being 1-3 times longer than wide. Lateral branches are about 20p wide down to about 5 y where they taper terminally into hairs, when the cells are 4-5 times as long as wide. There is only very slight constriction at the septa.

The meiosporangia are generally borne near the origin of a lateral branch on its anterior face. They are always cylindrical with a rounded apex, the larger ones tending to be a little broader towards the base. Mature sporangia are usually 18-20,~ wide and 50-80 ,~ long. The loculi are 5-7.5,~ high. No. 155 has megasporangia. (January, 1956.)

Pilger’s specimen of Ectomrpus indicus Sond. from the Cameroons (Pilger, 1911) may in fact be Giffordia rnitchellae. He says of it that it has ‘dense fascicles of richly ramified branches’, which is more typical of G. rnitcMlae than Ectocarpus indicus.

MATERIAL. Nos. 9, 10, 10.115, 155 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Cameroons, Nigeria, Senegal, Canary Is., Morocco, Azores.

Europe, North America, West Indies, Hawaii and Marshall Is., Vi6t Nam.

NARGARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA 623

ENCOELIACEAE Chnoospora J. Ag., 1847

Chnoospora minima Hering, Papenfuss, Notes on South African Marine algae, IV, in

Chnoospora pacifica J. Ag., Nya alger frkn Mexico, in Ofvers. Vetensk.AW. Forh., Stockh.,

Chnoospora fastigiaia var. pacifim J. Ag., Spec. Alg. 1, 172 (1848) This is a very common alga at Lagos, growing attached to rocks in the upper part of

the surf zone. The fronds are mostly 5-20 cm. long, and the apices are rounded, never attenuate. In habit the specimens agree very well with the plant illustrated by Levring (1938, pl. IV, fig. 12) from the east coast of South Africa. The fronds in my material are somewhat compressed throughout their length; they do not form cushions nor is there any sign of dilation below the axils.

J . S. Afr. Bot. 22, 69 (1956)

1847, 7 (1848)

MATERIALS. Nos. 24, 24.101, 24.102, 151, 154, 178 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. A f r i c A o u t h Africa, Annobon, Nigeria, Cap Vert Is. Warmer waters

of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, Australia.

STYPOCAULACEAE Halopteris (Kutz.) Sauv., 1903

Hhpter i s scoparia (L.) Sauv., Remarques sur les SphacBlariacbes, in J . Bot., Paris, 17

Stypocaulon scoparium (L.) Kutz., Phyc. gea. p. 293 (1843) This alga was found only once in the sterile condition on Victoria Beach rocks, where

it was constantly wave washed. MATERIAL. No. 14 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa--South Africa (Barton), Nigeria, Canary Is., Madeira, Grand

Desert and Salvage Is., Morocco, Tangier, Azores. Shores of Europe, North Africa, North America, West Indies, Australia.

(12), 378 (1903)

DICTYOTACEAE Dictyopteris Lam., 1809

Dictyopteris delicatula Lam., in Nouv. Bull. Sci. SOC. Philom. 1, 332, pl. 6, fig. 2b (1809) Haliseris delicatuZa (Lam.) J. Ag., Spec. alg. 1, 116 (1848)

Occasionally found as solitary tufts in the surf zone. MATERIAL. No. 99 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa--South Africa, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Senegal, Cap Vert Is.

Atlantic coast of America from the Gulf of Mexico to Brazil, W. Indies.

Dictyota Lam., 1809 Dictyota ciliata J. Ag., Linnea, 15, 5 (1841). Dickinson, Marine algae,from the Gold

Coast, IV, in Kew Bull. p. 41 (1952). So far this species has only been found washed up at Lagos. MATERIAL. No. 100 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-% Thom6, Rolas, Nigeria, Gold Coast. Tropical Atlantic and

Indian Oceans, Red Sea, Malay Archipelago and Australia.

624 MARGIARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF llllLajLNE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA

RHODOPHYCEAE GONIOTRICHACEAE

Goniotrichum Kutz., 1843 Qbnwtrichum ekyan-s (Chauv.) Le Jolis, Liste des &w marines de Cherbourg, p. 103 (1863) kiotrichurn alsidii (Zanard.) Howe, Marine algae of Peru, in Mem. Torrey bot. Cl. 15,75

A fairly common epiphyte appearing in several collections. The filaments are 15-18p wide throughout the greater part of their length.

MATERIAL. Nos. 7 and 41, 42 (spirit) (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africrlrsouth Africa, Nigeria, Senegal, Canary Is., Morocco, Azores.

(1914)

Cosmopolitan.

ERYTHROPELTID ACE AE

Erythrocladia Rosenv., 1909 Erythrocladia subintegra Rosenvinge, Marine algae of Denmark, I, in K. danske vidensk.

An epiphyte which often occurs on Chaetomorpha antenninu, Cladophora fascicularis, Bostychia simpliciuscula, etc. Numerous hemispherical spores 5 p in diameter, together with several stages in germination, were found on Polys iphia ferulacea.

Selsk. Skrift. 7, 7 (l) , 73 (1909)

MATERIAL. Nos. 6, 38, 56, 93 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Senegal, Morocco. Probably cosmopolitan.

GELIDIACEAE Gelidium Lam., 1813

Gelidium pusillurn (Staokh.) Le Jolis, Liste des algues marines de Cherbourg, in Mdm.

This species forms a red turf on rocks in the surf zone on both sides of the West Mole at Lagos, particularly in Tarkwa Bay where it has increased greatly in the last three years.

SOC. Sci. Nat. Chrbourg, 10, 139 (1864)

MATERIAL. Nos. 17.101, 21, 48, 164, 174, 175 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. AfricAameroons, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Cap

Vert Is., Azores. Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, Mauritius, Japan. Widely spread in temperate and tropical seas.

HYPNACEAE Hypnea Lam., 1913

H y p n a musc~ormis (Wulf.) Lam., Essai. . .des Thullassiophytes, p. 43 (1813)

usually been found with both antheridia and cystocarps in March. This is a very common constituent of the turf on the rocks of the surf zone. It haa

MATERIAL. Nos. 55, 168, 169 (Lagos), DISTRIBUTION. Africa-South Africa?, Angola, French Equatorial Africa. S. Thom6,

Cameroons, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Cap Vert Is., Canary Is., Morocco, Azores. Very widely distributed in warmer waters elsewhere.

GRACILARIACE AE

Gracilaria Grev., 1830 Grmilaria dentata J. Ag., Spec. alg. 2 (2), 603 (1852). Dangeard, Algues de la presqu’ile

de Cap Vert (Dakar) et de ses environs, in Botuniste, 36 ( l a ) , 288 (1952)

MBRQARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF W I N E ALQAE FROM NIQERIA 625

&milaria henrequesiana Hariot, Les algues de S. ThomB, in J . Bot., Paris, s6r. 2, 1, 162 (1908). Dickinson and Foote, Marine algae from the Gold Coast, I , in Kew Bull. (2), 270 (1950)

In determining the Lagos material I have compared it with a collection made at Pram Pram in the Gold Coast in December 1955. The Lagos material agrees best with specimens taken from pools high on the shore at Pram Ram, Here at low tide the water left in the pools becomes quite warm, and the thaK are thin and laciniate in the same way as those growing in heavy surf a t Lagos. Some of the Lagos specimens agree exactly with Dangeard’s illustration (loc. cit. pl. XV, figs. F-H).

Intermediates exist in the Pram Pram material between G. henrequesiana Hariot and G. dentata J. Ag., and I do not think that Hariot’s species can be regarded as distinct from G. dentata.

MATERIAL. Nos. 22, 22.104, 22.105, 22.106, 122.107, 47, 161 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-French Equatorial Africa, S. Thom6, Cameroons, Nigeria,

Gold Coast, Senegal, Cap Vert Is. West Indies and Florida.

PHYLLOPHORACE AE

Gymnogongrus Martius 1833 Gymnogongrus intemdius Kylin, Verzeichnis einiger Rhodophyceen Siidafrikas, in Acta

The plants form crisp brownish tufts on rocks low in the sur f zone, they are up to 3 cm. high, fastigiate with terete fronds 0.5 mm. (or a little more) across. Branching ie regularly dichotomous only distally. The cystocarps are immersed in the thallus.

Univ. Lund. (N.F.), 49 (8)) 12 (1938)

MATERIAL. Nos. 20 (spirit), 57 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-South Africa, Nigeria.

Gymnogongrus tenuis J. Ag., Acta Holm. p. 88 (1849)

faces in the surf zone. The tufts are 2-3 cm. high and very fastigiate. The reddish black tufts of this species are not uncommon on particularly exposed rock

MATERIAL. No. 58, 149 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Senegal. West Indies, Pacific coast of Mexico,

California.

CORALLINACEAE Jania Lam., 1812

Jania rubens (L.) Lam., Hist. Polyp. corall. $ex. p. 272 (1816) Corallina rubens L., Fauna Xuec. ed. 2, 540 (1761).

terminal segments of this material are unusually long, up to 20 times their width. Rare, only growing among the basal parts of Bryocladia thyrsigera. Some of the

MATERIAL. No. 23 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. AfriciGSouth Africa, Cameroons, Nigeria, Senegal, Cap Vert Is.,

Canary Is., Madeira, Grand Desert Is., Morocco, Azores. Norway southwards; widely spread in warmer seas generally.

CRYPTONEMIACEAE Grateloupia C. Ag., 1822

GmteloupiaJilicina (Wulf.) C . Ag., Spec. Alg. 1, 223 (1822) A rare plant growing in isolated tufts on the sheltered sides of rocks near low water. MATERIAL. No. 54, 163 (Lagos).

626 MARGARET BOX: A E?BST LIST O F MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA

DISTRIBUTION. Africa-South Africa, St Helena, Cameroons, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Senegal, Canary Is., Morocco, Tangier, Azores. Elsewhere very widely spread in warmer waters.

CERAMIACEAE Centroceras Kutz., 1841

Centroeeras clavulatum. (C. Ag.) Mont., Exphr. scient. de l’dlgkrie, A l g w , 1, 140 (1846) Centroceras cryptacunthum Kutz., Linnea, 15, 741 (1841) Centroceras hyalacanthum Kutz., in J. Ag. Linnea, 15, 742 (1841) Ceramium clavulatum C. Ag., in Kunth, Syn. plant. 2, 2 (1822)

basal parts of Bryocladia thyrsigera. Like the preceding species, this plant has only been found occasionally among the

MATERIAL. No. 39 (spirit) (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-South Africa, South West Africa, Angola, St Helena,

Ascension, French Equatorial Africa, S. ThomB, Rolas, Annobon, Cameroons, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Cap Vert Is., Morocco, Madeira, Azores. Very widely distributed in warmer waters.

RHODOMELACEAE Bostrychia Mont. 1838

Bostrychia simpliciuscula Harv. ex J. Ag., Spec. alg. 2 (3), 854 (1863) Bostrychia tenuis f. simpliciuscukc (Harv. ex J. AS.) Post, Rev. algol. 9, 22 (1936)

This species grows thickly on the pneumatophores of Awicennia germinam (L.) Stearn, in the brackish water at the back of Tarkwa Bay. It also grows, together with another species of Bostrychia, on the prop roots of R h i m p k a spp. in the creeks round Port Harcourt. The material of this other species of Bostrychia is insuficient for specific identification.

MATERJAL. Nos. 56 (Lagos), 19 (spirit) (Port Harcourt). DISTRIBUTION. A f r i c d o u t h Africa, Nigeria. Dutch East Indies, Australia, New

Zealand, Friendly Is., Chile.

Bryocladia Schmitz, 1897 Bryocladia thyrsigera (J. AS.) Schmitz, in Falkenb. Rhodonzelaceen, p. 169 (1901)

Specimens in all stages of reproduction have been found in each collection. This plant grows abundantly at Lagos, forming dense turfs low in the surf zone.

MATERIAL. Nos. 28, 31, 31.113, 148, 162, 165, 166. DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Gold Coast, Senegal. Tropical and subtropical

Atlantic.

Polysiphonia Grev. 1824 Polysiphonia ferulacea Suhr., in J. Ag. Spec. alg. 2 (3), 980 (1863)

A few sterile tufts of this species have been found growing with Bryocladia thyrsigera. MATERIAL. Nos. 32, 34 and 38 (spirit) (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Gold Coast, Cap Vert Is. Gulf of Mexico, warmer

coasts of Europe, Indian and Pacific Oceans.

Pterosiphonia Falkenb., 1901 Pterosiphonia pennatu (Roth) Falkenb., Rhodomelaceen, p. 263 (1901) Polysiphonia pen& J. Ag., Alg. m r . M&Iit. p. 141 (1842) Ceramium pennatum Roth, Cat. Bot. 2, 171 (1800)

MARGARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE AL0A.E FROM NIGERIA 627

A very rare plant, growing with Bryocladia thyrsigera in isolated tufts. MATERIAL. No. 70 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. AfricaiAngola, Nigeria, Gold Coast, Senegal, Canary Is., Morocco.

Mediterranean and warmer Atlantic coasts of France and Spain, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, California.

MYXOPHYCEAE ENTOPHYSALIDACEAE

Entophysalis Kutz., 1843 EntophysaZis conferta (Kutz.) Drouet and Daily, Lloydia, 11, 79 (1948) Dermomrpa prasina (Reinsch) Bern. et Thur., Notes algol. 2, 73 (1880)

A very common epiphyte on larger algae, principally Cladophora fascicularis. MATERIAL. Nos. 41, 42 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. AfricaSouth Africa (Barton), Nigeria, Morocco. North Atlantic,

Baltic and North Seas. Mediterranean, Peru.

OSCILLATORIACE AE

Lyngbya C. Ag., 1824 Lyngbya confervoides C. Ag., Syst. alg. p. 73 (1924)

Common in all collections at Lagos, forming soft brown gelatinous cushions on rocks in sheltered crevices beyond the landward end of the surf zone, or on exposed rock faces in the sur f zone. Common also in the intertidal region of Man 0’ War Bay.

MATERIAL. Nos. 49, 50, 52, 53 (spirit, Freetown), 43 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Afr icei iger ia , Sierra Leone, Senegal, Cap Vert Is., Grand Desert Is.,

Morocco, Tangier. Cosmopolitan.

Lyngbya meneghiniana Gom., in Morot, J. Bot., Paris, 4, 354 (1890)

collections at Lagos. This species is more usually epiphytic in other places. Forms flat black disks in the same situations as L. confervoides. Common in all

MATERIAL. No. 44 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Tropical and subtropical around the world.

Lyngbya semiplena (Ag.) J. Ag., Alg. mar. Med. p. 11 (1842)

Found on sand in brackish water, Ikoyi Beach, Lagos Lagoon, and also on pebbles in the fresh-water streams running into Man 0’ War Bay at low tide, and on sand generally, in the intertidal region.

MATERIAL. No. 45 (Lagos), 50, 53 (spirit, Freetown). DISTRIBUTION. Africa--South Africa, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Tangier.

Cosmopolitan.

Microcoleus Desmaz., 1823 Microcoleus chthmplastes (Fl. Dan.) Thur., Ann. sci. nat. (6), Bot. 1, 378 (1875)

intertidal region of Man 0’ War Bay. Forms part of the greenish growth covering the sand and scoriaceous rocks in the

MATERIAL. No. 52 (spirit, Freetown). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Cameroons, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Senegal, Cap Vert Is.,

Morocco. Cosmopolitan.

628 YAR43ARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA

Skujaella G. de Toni, 1939 SkujaeUa thiebautii (Gom.) G. de Toni, Noterelle de nomencl. algol. IX, in Arch. Bot. 15,

Oscilhtoria thibautii (Gom.) Geitler, in Rabenhorst’s Krypt0g.-Fl. 15, 967 (1930-2) Trichodesnzium thibautii Gom., in Morot, J. Bot., Paris, 4, 356 (1890)

292 (1939)

This is so far the only blue-green alga to be found in plankton. MATERIAL. Nos. 76, 80-1, 83-5 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Canary Is. Elsewhere widely spread in warmer

waters in plankton.

Symploca Kutz., 1843 Symploca atlantica Gom., Monographie des Oscillari&s, in Ann. sci. nat. Bot. 16,129 (1892)

Not uncommon on rocks in the surf zone at Lagos, generally growing with @iffordi@ mitchelEae.

MATERIAL. No. 46 (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. North Atlantic coasts of Europe, West Indies,

Mauritius.

BACILLARIOPHYCEAE COSCINODISCEAE

Melosira C. Ag., 1824 Melosira granulata (Ehrenb.) Ralfs, in E t c h . Hist. Infus. ed. 4, 820 (1861)

This fresh-water species was found in Collections made in the Lagoon and in the harbour in June and September 1954 at both high and low tides in plankton. It ww also found at the harbour entrance at low tide in the June collection. It is apparently a common species in brackish water lagoons in West Africa (Hustedt, 1910) (Zanon, 1941).

MATERIAL. Nos. 61, 63, 65, 68, 71-3 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Dahomey, French West f i c a , Cap Vert Is., as a.

brackish water or marine species. Cosmopolitan in fresh-water plankton.

Melosira sulcata (Ehrenb.) Kutz., Die kies. Bacill. p. 55 (1844)

In plankton but very rare. MATERIAL. No. 71 (Wilmot Point, September 1954, low tide). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Cosmopolitan.

Podosira Ehrenb., 1840 Podosira montagnei Kutz., Die Icies. BmiU. p. 52 (1844)

Commonly epiphytic on larger algae. MATERIAL. Nos. 21, 38, etc. (Lagos), 53 (spirit, Freetown). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Sierra Leone. Cosmopolitan.

Coscinodiscus Ehrenb., 1838 Coscinodiscua asteromphalwr Ehrenb., in S.B. prewrs. A M . Wbs . 1844, p. 77 (1844)

In nearly half the collections and usually relatively frequent; planktonic. MATERIAL. Nos. 60, 62, 71, 73, 75-8, 81-2, 85 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. &*Nigeria. European waters, Atlantic coasts of North America.

Gulf of California.

MARGARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA 629

Coscinodiscus gigas Ehrenb., in Abh. preuss. Akad. Wiss. 1841, p. 412 (1843) ZCoscinodiscus guineensis Grun., D i a t m e n urn Franz Josefs-Land, p. 76 (1884)

(loc. cit.). I n plankton, rare. Reported previously from Lagos in brackish water by Grunow

MATERIAL. Nos. 80, 83, 85 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Sweden, but usually widely spread in warmer waters.

Coscinodiscusjonesianus (Grev.) Ostenfold, in Dansk Bot. Ark. 2, (4), 13 (1915) Commonly occurring in plankton in some quantity. Reported from Warri by Mills

( 1932). ' MATERIAL. Nos. 60, 624 , 67, 71, 734 , 76-8, 80-5 (spirit, Lagos).

DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Cosmopolitan.

Coscinodiscus oculus-iridis Ehrenb., in Abh. preuss. A M . Wiss. 1839, p. 147 (1841)

Lagoon, September 1954, low tide). Planktonic, occurring only twice (Wilmot Point, June 1954, high tide and Lagos

MATERIAL. Nos. 62, 73 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-South Africa, Nigeria. Apparently cosmopolitan.

SOLENIEAE Guinardia Peragallo, 1892

QuinardiaJEaccida (Castr.) Peragallo, in Diatmiste, 1, 107 (1892) In plankton but rare, occurring only once (Tarkwa Bay, September 1954, low tide). MATERIAL. No. 67 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. All coasts of Europe, Atlantic coast of North

America, Malay Archipelago.

BIDDULPHIEAE Triceratium Ehrenb., 1841

Triceratium f a v w Ehrenb., in Abh. preuss. A M . Wiss. 1839, p. 159 (1841)

1954, high and low tide). Reported from Warri by Mills (1932). In plankton but rare, occurring in the harbour entrance only (June and September

MATERIAL. Nos. 60-1, 66-7 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. A f r i c d o u t h Africa, Nigeria. Apparently cosmopolitan.

Biddulphia Gray, 1821 Biddulphia chinensis Grev., in Trans. Micr. Soc. Lond. (N.S.), 14, 81 (1866).

Present in several plankton collections and abundant in samples with higher salinities. MATERIAL. Nos. 60, 62, 67, 71, 76, 77, 83-5 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Atlantic and Northern European waters, Red Sea,

Indian Ocean, Gulf of Siam, Hong Kong.

BidcEulphia pzllchella Gray, Am. Brit. Plants, 1, 294 (1821) An epiphyte, commonly present on several m e r e n t species of larger algae. MATERIAL. Nos. 21, 22, 93, etc. (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria, Cap Vert Is. Cosmopolitan.

630 MARGARET FOX: A FIRST LIST O F MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA

TABELL~IUEAE Grammatophora Ehrenb., 1841

Grammdophra marina (Lyngb.) Kutz., Die kies. Bmill. 128 (1844) Commonly epiphytic on Bryocladia thyrsigera, etc., in all collections. MATERIAL. No. 31, etc. (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Cosmopolitan.

Grammdophora undulatu Ehrenb., in S.B. preuss. A M . Wiss. 1841, p. 33 (1843) A common epiphyte on Grmilaria dentatu, etc., in all collections. MATERIAL. Nos. 22, etc. (Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Cosmopolitan.

ACTINODISCEAE Radiodiscus Bale, 1913

Radiodiscus hispidus (Grun.) Mills, Index Gen. Spec. Diatoms, p. 1382 (1934). Voigt, in

Radiodiscus chaffersei Mills, in J. Roy. micr. Soc. 52, 384 (1932)

January 1954. Apparently a widely spread but rare warm-water form.

J . Indian Bot. Soc. 30, ( 1 4 ) , 56 (1951)

In plankton but rare, occurring only once in the harbour entrance at low tide in

MATERIAL. No. 75 (spirit, Lagos). DISTRIBUTION. Africa-Nigeria. Colombo, Singapore, Haiti.

REFERENCES

ASEENASY, E., 1888. Forschungsreise ‘Gazelle’, 4, Bot. pp. 58, pls. 12. ASEENASY, E., 1896. Enum6rations des algues des iles du Cap Vert. Bol. SOC. Broteria, 13, 150-75. BARTON, E. S., 1893. A provisional list of the marine algae of the Cape of Good Hope. J. Bot., Lond.,

BARTON, E. S., 1896. Cape algae. J. Bot., Lorad., 34, 193-8,458-61. BARTON, E. S., 1897. Welwitsch‘s African marine algae. J . Bot., Lond., 35, 368-74. BBROESEN, F., 1913. The marine algae of the Danish West Indies. Danak Bot. Ark. 1, (a), 1-226. BBRGESEN, F., 1920. . . .Danish west Indies. DaWk. Bot. Ark. 3, (1 f ), 369-504. BBROESEN, F., 1925. Marine dgae from the Canary Islands. K . dan8ke videask. Selsk., Biol., 5 (3),

BBRQESEN, F.,1926-30. . I .canary Islands. K . danake t%&nak. Selsk., BWL, 6 (2), 1-112; 6 (6),1-97;

31, 53-6, 81-4, 11&14, 139-44, 171-7, 202-10.

1-123.

8 ( l ) , 1-97, PI. 4; 9 ( l ) , 1-159. BBRGESEN, F., 1935. A list of marine algae from Bombay. K . dunake uidensk. @elsk., Biol., 12 (2), 14. BBROESEN, F., 1946. Some marine algae from Mauritim. K . dranske videnak. Sehk., Biol., 20 (6), 30.

CHEVALIER, A., 1920. Exploration botanique de 1’Afrique Occidentale Franpaise, 1, 798. CHENEVIERE, E., 1935. Diatomaceae (des iles du Cap Vert). Rev. Bot. appZ. 15, 1072-4. DANQEARD, P., 1949. Les algues marines de la cBte occidentale du Maroc. Botaniste, 34, 89-189. DANQEARD, P., 1952. Algues de la presqu’ile du Cap Vert (Dakar). . . . Botaniste, 36, 195-329. DELF, E. M. & MITCHELL, M. R., 1921. The Tyson collection of marine algae. Ann. Bolus Herb. 3 (2),

89-119. DICEIE, G., 1872. On the marine algae of St Helena. J. Linn. SOC. (Bot.), 13, 178-82. DICEINSON, C. I. & FOOTE, V. J., 1950. Marine algae from the Gold Coast. Kew Bull. 1950, pp. 267-72. DICKINSON, C. I. & FOOTE, V. J., 1951. . . .Gold Coast. 11. Kew Bull. 1951, pp. 133-7. DICEINSON, C. I., 1951. . . .Gold Coast. 111. Kew Bull. 1951, pp. 293-7. DICEINSON, C. I., 1952. . . .Gold Coast. IV. Kew Bull. 1952, pp. 41-3. FELDXANN, J., 1935. Algues marines des iles du Cap Vert. Rev. Bot. appl. 15, 1069-71. PELDWN, J., 1940. Les plages submergh. Trochain J. 1940, pp. 107-10. FELDMA”, J., 1946. La flore marine des iles atlantides. Mdm. SOC. Biogdog. 8, 397-435.

B0RQESEN, F., 1948. . . .M8Uitius. K . danske vidensk. Sekk., BiOl., 20, (12), 5.

GAIN, L., 1914. Algues provenent des campagnes de 1’Hirondelle. 11. Bull; Inat. odanogr. Monaoo, 279, 1-23.

HARIOT, P., 1895. Liste des algues. . .Congo. J. Bot., Paris, 9, 242-4.

MARGARET FOX: A FIRST LIST OF MARINE ALGAE FROM NIGERIA 63 1

HARIOT, P., 1907-8. Les algues de St Thorn& J. Bot., Paris, (2) 1, 161-4. HARIOT, P., 1911. Algues de Mauritanie. Bull. SOC. bot. Fr. 58, 43&45. HARIOT, P., 1920. Algues, in Chevalier, A., 1920, pp. 785-9. HENRIQUES, J., 1885. Contribuiptio para o estudo da flora d’algumas possessoes portuguezas. I.

HENRIQUES, J., 1886. Contribup3es para o estudo da Flora #Africa. Flora de S. Thorn& Bol. SOC.

H E N R I Q ~ S , J., 1917. Catalog0 das especies de animais e plantas ate hoje encontradas na ilha de

HUSTEDT, F., 1910. Bacillariales aus Dahome. Ark. Hydrobiol. (Plank%), 5, 365-82. KUCEUCK, P., 1930. Fragmente einer Monographie der Phaeosporeen. Wiss. Meeresuntersuch. (Abt.

KYLIN, H., 1938. Verzeichnis einiger Rhodophyceen von Sudafrica. Acta Uniw. Zund. (N.F.), 49 (8),

LAWSON, G., 1954. Seaweeds from Sierra Leone. J. West Afr. Sci. Ass. 1, 63-7. LAWSON, G., 1955. Rocky shore zonation in the British Cameroons. J. West Afr. Sci. Ass. 1, 78-88. LAWTON, G. W., 1955. Rocky zonation on the Gold Coast. J. Ecol. 44, 153-70. LEVRING, T., 1938. Verzeichnis einiger Chlorophyceen von Siidafrica. Acta Uniw. Zund. (N.F.),

MILLS, F. W., 1932. Some diatoms from Warri, South Nigeria. J. R. Micr. SOC. (3) , 52, 383-94. PAPENFUSS, G. F., 1943. Notes on South African marine algae, 11. J. S. Afr. Bot. 9 (3), 79-92. PILCER, R., 1908-9. Algues aus Siidwestafrica. Hedwigia, 48, 181-3. PILQER, R., 1911-12. Die Meeresalgen von Kamerun. Bot. J b . 46, 294-323. PILCER, R., 1920. Algae Mildbraedianae Annobonensis. Bot. J b . 57, 1-14. SCHIFFNER, V. t VATONA, S., 1938. Le alghe della Laguna de Venezia, in La Laguna de Venezia;

SCHMIDT, 0. C., 1920. Beitriige zur Kenntnis der Meeresalgen der Azoren. 1-11. Hedwigia, 69,

SOURIE, R., 1954. Contribution h1’Btude Bcologique des cBtes rocheuses de Senegal. M6m. Inst. franp.

STEPHENSON, T. A., 1948. The constitution of the intertidal fauna and flora of South Africa. Ann. Natal

TAYLOR, W. R., 1929. A synopsis of the marine algae of Brazil. Rev. aZgol. 5, 279-313. TROCHAIN, J., 1940. Contribution a 1’Btude de la v6gbtation du SBnnBgal. Mdm. Inst. franp. Afr. noire,

VOICT, M., 1951. An interesting Indian marine diatom, Radiodiscus hispidus (Grun.) Mills. J. Indian

ZANON, D. V., 1941. Diatomee dell’Africa Occidentale Francese. Comment. polztif. Acad. sci. 5,l-60.

Plantas colhidas por F. Newton, na Africa occidental. Bol. Soc. Broteria, 3, 131-4.

Broteria, 4, 129-221.

S. Thorn& Bol. SOC. Broteria, 27, 138-97; Algae, 165-6.

Helgobnd), 17 (4), 21.

1-26, pls. 8.

49 (9), 1-25, PlS. 4.

Monografia ed. Brunelli, etc., 3 (5). Flora, 1, 83-250.

95-113, 165-72.

Afr. noire, 38, 342.

Mus. 9, 207-324.

2, 107-10.

bot. SOC. 30, 56-8.

EXPLANATION OF PLATE 54

Fig. 1. Bryopsis stenoptera; herbarium specimen. ( x l+.) Fig. 2. Bryopsis stenoptera; distal part of frond. ( x 66.) Fig. 3. Bachelotia fulwescens; filaments with plurilocular sporangia. ( x 112.) All photographs of this

Fig. 4. Bachelotia fulwescens; a plurilocular sporangium of the tapering cylindrical type with a

Fig. 5. BacheZotia fulwescens; a stalked plurilocular sporangium of the ovate pointed type. ( x 300.) Fig. 6. Ectocarpus indicus Sond; with plurilocular sporangia. ( x 120.)

species are taken from no. 12 in the preceding list.

terminal hair. ( x 370.)

JOURN. LINN. S0C.-BOTANY, VOL. LV RR