COLON CLASSIFICATIONColon classification (CC) is a system of library classification developed by S. R. Ranganathan. It was the first ever faceted (or analytico-synthetic) classification Its name "colon classification" comes from the use of colons to separate facets in class numbers The colon classification uses 42 main classes that are combined with other letters, numbers and marks

FacetsCC uses five primary categories, or facets, to further specify the sorting of a publication. Collectively, they are called PMEST:

, Personality

; Matter or property

: Energy

. Space

' TimeClassesThe following are the main classes of CC, with some subclasses, the main method used to sort the subclass using the PMEST scheme and examples showing application of PMEST.

z Generalia

1 Universe of Knowledge

2 Library Science

3 Book science

4 Journalism

B Mathematics

B1 Arithmetic

B13 Theory of numbers

B2 Algebra

B23 Algebraic equations

B25 Higher Algebra

B3 Analysis

B33 Differential Equations [equation] , [degree] , [order] : [problem]

B331,1,2:1 Numerical solutions (:1) of ordered (331) linear (,1) second order (,2) differential equations

B37 Real Variables

B38 Complex Variables

B4 Other Methods

B6 Geometry

B7 Mechanics

B8 Physico-Mathematics

B9 Astronomical Mathematics

C Physics

C1 Fundamentals of Physics

C2 Properties of Matter

C3 Sound

C4 Heat

C5 Light and Radiation

C6 Electricity

C7 Magnetism

C8 Cosmic Hypothesis

D Engineering

E Chemistry

facets

 :1 General Chemistry

 :2 Physical Chemistry

 :3 Analytical Chemistry

 :33 Qualitative Chemistry

 :34 Quantitative Chemistry

 :35 Volumetric Chemistry

 :4 Synthetic Chemistry

 :5 Extraction Chemistry

E1 Inorganic Chemistry

E10 Group 0

E11 Group 1

E110 Hydrogen

E1109 Lithium

E111 Sodium

E2 Hydroxl (Base)

E3 Acid

E4 Salt

E5 Organic Substance

F Technology

G Biology

H Geology

H1 Mineralogy

H2 Petrology

H3 Structural Geology

H4 Dynamic Geology

H5 Stratigraphy

H6 Paleontology

H7 Economic Geology

H8 Cosmic Hypothesis

HX Mining

I Botany

J Agriculture

facets

 :1 Soil

 :3 Propagation

 :4 Disease

 :5 Development

 :6 Breeding

 :7 Harvest

 :91 Nomenclature

 :92 Morphology

 :93 Physiology

 :95 Ecology

material facets

,2 Bulb

,3 Root

,4 Stem

,5 Leaf

,6 Flower

,7 Fruit

,8 Seed

,97 Whole Plant

J1 Horticulture

J2 Feed

J3 Food

J4 Stimulant

J5 Oil

J6 Drug

J7 Fabric

J8 Dye

K Zoology (same facet schedule as I Botany)

KZ Animal Husbandry (same facet schedule as I Botany)

L Medicine [organ]:[problem],[cause]:[handling]

LZ3 Pharmacology [substance].[action],[organ]

LZ5 Pharmacopoeia

M Useful arts

M7 Textiles [material]:[work]

Δ Spiritual experience and mysticism [religion],[entity]:[problem]

N Fine arts

NA Architecture [style] , [utility] , [part] : [technique]

ND Sculpture [style] , [figure] ; [material] : [technique]

NN Engraving

NQ Painting [style] , [figure] ; [material] : [technique]

NR Music [style] , [music] ; [instrument] : [technique]

O Literature

P Linguistics

Q Religion

R Philosophy

S Psychology

T Education

U Geography

V History

W Political science

X Economics

Y Sociology

Z Law

A common example of the colon classification is:

"Research in the cure of the tuberculosis of lungs by x-ray conducted in India in 1950s":

Main classification is Medicine

(Medicine)

Within Medicine, the Lungs are the main concern

(Medicine,Lungs)

The property of the Lungs is that they are afflicted with Tuberculosis

(Medicine,Lungs;Tuberculosis)

The Tuberculosis is being performed (:) on, that is the intent is to cure (Treatment)

(Medicine,Lungs;Tuberculosis:Treatment)

The matter that we are treating the Tuberculosis with are X-Rays

(Medicine,Lungs;Tuberculosis:Treatment;X-ray)

And this discussion of treatment is regarding the Research phase

(Medicine,Lungs;Tuberculosis:Treatment;X-ray:Research)

This Research is performed within a geographical space (.) namely India

(Medicine,Lungs;Tuberculosis:Treatment;X-ray:Research.India)

During the time (') of 1950

(Medicine,Lungs;Tuberculosis:Treatment;X-ray:Research.India'1950)

And translating into the codes listed for each subject and facet the classification becomes

L,45;421:6;253:f.44'N5

PHASE RELATION A phase relation is the assembling together of two or more of subjects (Basic or Compound) isolate ideas (iii one and the same facet, or isolate ideas in one and the same array).

Assembling is done to express one or the other of possible relations between the components of the assembly. The result is a complex subject, complex isolate idea, or a complex array isolate idea, as the case may be. Each component in the assembly, in its turn, is called a "phase". They are called "phase 1" and "phase 2" as determined by their sequence in the assemblage.

8.3.1 Types of Phase Relation

There are three types of phase relation. The relation may be between

i) Two or more subjects, known as Inter-Subject Phase Relation; or

ii) Two or more isolates within one and-die same schedule of facet isolates, known

as Intra-Facet Phase Relation; or

iii) Two or more isolates within one and the same array of isolates, known as IntraA" Phase Relation.

Inter-Subject Phase Relation

In inter-subject phase relation, we notice an interaction between two subjects.

Consider, for example, the following titles:

Sociology for economists

Statistical analysis in library management

Weather forecasting for the cultivation of the rice crop

In the first example, two main classes are involved; ~ sociology and economics. The specific: subject of this title is sociology, expounded to suit the special needs of economists. In the second example, the statistical analysis is a tool subject used in managing libraries. Here, the two subjects involved are library science and statistics. 'The two compound subjects in the third example are weather forecasting frommeteorology and rice cultivation from agriculture.

Intra-Facet Phase RelationIn intra-facet phase relation, we see two isolate ideas of the same facet interact to form, a complex subject, For example:

Comparative study of Buddhism and Jainism

Difference between democracy and oligarchy

Influence of aristocracy on rural folks In the first example, the comparative study, is between two religious faiths belongingto the facet religion. In the second, the study is between two isolates of the same facet type of state in political science. Application to Library In the third example, what is studied is the influence of aristocracy on rural people. Both these isolates belong to the same facet social groups in sociology. The following diagram displays the infrafacet phase relation. The asterisk marks indicate relation

.

examples, the sequence of the two phases is given according to Colon Classification.

Bias PhaseThe Bias Relation between two subjects indicates that the exposition of one subject (Phase 1) is biased towards another subject specialist (Phase 2). This means that the exposition of a subject is specially attuned by the selection, arrangement, choice of illustrations, etc., of the topics as per the needs of a specialist. Here, Phase 1 is known as Biased Phase and Phase 2 Statistics for librarians BT&b2 Statistics for Engineers BT&bD Statistics for Biologists BT&bG

Relation between Religion and Philosophy (Inter-subject) Religion - Philosophy(Sequence in CC) Q&aR

Relation between anatomy and physiology.,(Intra-facet) According to CC, Anatomy would precede Physiology; hence the sequence of the two phases is asfollows: Medicine, Anatomy, Physiology L;2&j3

Relation between Audio and Visual learning in Education. Here again, according to CC, Audio would precede Visual and hence, the sequence of the two phases is Education, Learning, Audio, Visual T;416&t7

Comparison PhaseThis Phase Relation denotes cases where two subjects are compared.

Consider the following examples:

Comparison between plants and animals (Inter-subject) Botany - Zoology (Sequence in CC) I&cK

Comparison between morphology and physiology (Intra-facet) I;2&m3Comparative psychology of man and woman (Intra-array)Psychology, Man, Woman (Sequence in CC) S,55&v6

Difference PhaseThis Phase Relation denotes cases of documents where the difference between two subjects is expounded.

For example:

Difference between political science and history (Inter-subject)

History - Political Science (As in CC) V&dW

Psychological difference between sick and abnormal persons (Intra-facet)

Psychology, Sick, Abnormal (As in CC) S, 4&m6

Difference between meditation and worship (Intra-array)

Religion, Worship, Meditation (As in CC) Q;413&w4

Tool Phase

This Phase Relation deals with cases of documents where one subject is used as a tool to expound the other. For example:Literature Through .Art: A New Approach to French Literature (Inter-subject) O,122&eN

Classification as a tool to study circulation service (Intra-facet2;8&p5Rural sociology as a tool to study urban sociology (Intra-array) Y,342&x1

This phase Relation has been recognised as one of the phase relations to classifydocuments which display such

relations. This device , however calls for further investigation to assess its full implications . It is also referred to as ‘Exposition Phase’.

Influence of nourishment on education(Inter-subject) T&gL;573

Influence of intellectuals on ruling classes(Intra-facet)Y,417&r53

Influence of direct tax on indirect tax (Intra-array)X 72,01 &y2

The sequence of the two phases in the two phases in the three examples above are: Education Nourishment

Ruling Classes Intellectuals

Indirect Tax Direct tax Application to Library 40 Classification

Question4) Identify the type and kinds of phases in each of the following titles. Arrange

the two phases in each title according to the sequence in Colon Classification ,

giving a line for each title..

Inter-Subject Kinds of Relation Class NumberRelation between religion and philosophy (General) Q&aRStatistics for engineers (Bias) BT&BdComparison between plants and animals (Comparison) I&cKDifference between political scienceand history(Difference) V&dWLiterature through art, a

newapproachinFrenchLiterature(Tool)0,122&eNInfluence of nourishment on education (Influence) T&gL;573lntra-FacetRelations between anatomy and physiology

(General) L;2&j3

Comparison between morphology and

physiology ,of plants

(Comparison) I;2&m3

Psychological difference between sick

and abnormal person's

(Difference) S,4&n6

Indian music through painting (Tool) NR-(44)&pN6

Influence of intellectuals on ruling

classes

(Influence) Y,417&r53

Intra-Array

Relation between education of blind and dumb

(General) T,522&t5

Comparison between psychology of man

and woman

(Comparison) S,55&v6

Difference between meditation and worship (Difference) Q;4 I 3&w4

Rural sociology as a tool to study urban

sociology.

(Tool) Y,342&x I

Influence of direct tax on indirect tax (Influence) X72,01&y2

The seventh edition of Colon Classification has been used for constructing the above

class numbers. Ampersand (&) is the connecting symbol for phase relation in the 7

t

edition of Colon Classificatio

INTERA CLASS PHASE RELATION

INTER CLASS GENERAL PHASE RELATION:----

1.RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY:- Q 0a R

2.PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY :-- C Oa E

INTER CLASS BIAS PHASE RELATION

1STATISTICS FOR PSYCHOLOGY :--- B28 ObS

ECONOMITRICS :----- B28 0BX

INTER CLASS COMPARISON PHASE RELATION

1 COMPARISION BETWEEN RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY :----Q 0Cr

2.history and political science compared :---- V 0C W

INTER CLASS DIFFERENCE PHASE RELATION

1.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY :- I 0d K

2. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RELIGION AND PHILOSOPHY :-----Q 0d R

INTER CLASS INFLUENCE PHASE RELATION

1.INFLUENCE OF PHILOSOPHY ON SOCIAL LIFE :---Y 0Gr

2.IMPACT OF RELIGION ON POLITICS :----- Q 0d R

INTERA FACET PHASE RELATIONINTERA –FACET GENERAL PHASE RELATION

1RELATION BETWEEN SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION :----. T2 0j 4

2.RELATION BETWEEN URBAN LIFE AND RURAL LIFE :------ Y3I 0j 3

INTERA FACET BIAS PHASE RELATION

1.CLASSIFICATION FOR CATALOGUING:---- 2:51 0k 5

2.PHYSIOLOGICAL ANATOMY :------G:3 0k 2

INTERA FACET COMPARISION PHASE RELATION:

1.COMPARISION OF CULTURE OF INDIA AND CHINA :-----Y:1.41 0m44

2.ECOLOGY COMPARED TO GENETICS :----- G:5 Om 6

INTERA FACET DIFFERENCE PHASE RELATION

1.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ECOLOGY AND GENETICS :------ G:5 On6

2.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION :-----T15 On2

INTERA FACET INFLUENCE PHASE RELATION

1INFLUENCE OF REFERENCE SERVICE ON CIRCULATION:----2:6 Or 7

2.INFLUENCE OF MORPHOLOGY ON PHYSIOLOGY :----- G:3 Or 2

INTERA ARRAY PHASE RELATIONINTERA ARRAY GENERAL PHASE RELATION:

1DESIGNING OF RADIO AND TELEVISION :----D65430 Of 5:4

2.EDUCATION THROUGH AUDIO- VISUAL AIDS :---T:416 Of 7

INTRA ARRAY BIAS PHASE RELATION

1.URBAN SOCIOLOGY FOR RURAL PEOPLE Y33 Ou 1

2.CITY CULTURE FOR VILLAGERS :--- Y35 Ou 1:1

INTRA ARRAY COMPARISION PHASE RELATION

1.COMPARISION BETWEEN THE RURAL AND URBAN CULTURE :---- Y31 Ov 5:1

2.COMPARISION BETWEEN SECONDARY EDUCATION OF UP AND RAJASTHAN :----T24437 Ov55

INTRA ARRAY DIFFERENCE PHASE RELATION

1 . DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RURAL AND URBAN LIFE :---Y31 Ow 5:1

2.DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MILK OF COW AND BUFFALO :---KX311 0w2:71

INTRA ARRAY INFLUENCING PHASE RELATION

1.INFLUENCE OF URBAN CULTURE ON RURAL CULTURE :---Y31 0r 5:1

2.INFLUENCE OF COLON CLASIFICATION ON DDC :---- 2:51 m76 Oy N33

COMMON ISOLATEIt could be in the form of outline, history,

theory or dictionary. It could also be in the form of a periodical or a handbook. It could as well be a presentation of how to study

or teach that subject. These common forms and modes of presentation are called

standard subdivisions. It has been found that certain kinds of concepts keep recurring and may be found in

many subjects, e.g., proceedings, periodical, dictionary or encyclopaedia. These are

all referred to as forms of presentation. Publications like Journal of Economics,

Encyclopaedia of Philosophy and Proceedings of All India Library Conference have

their own subjects.

Applicable before space facet

a - bibliography

c - concordance

d - table

f - atlas

k – cyclopaedia

m - periodical Application to Library

46

Classification

p - conference proceedings

v - history

w - biography

Anteriorising common isolates

Applicable after space facet

r - periodical administration report

s - statistics (serial)

Anteriorising common isolates

Applicable after time facet

T - commission report

t4 - survey

v - source material

v46 - genealogy

v6 chronology

, Posteriorising Common Isolates in CC

Posteriorising common isolates are of three types, personality, matter and energy'

common isolates. They are to be attached to the host(core) class with their respective

connecting symbols, viz., comma, semi colon and colon. A personality common

isolate stands mainly for institutions, some of which- are as follows:

f - investigating- institution

f2 - observational institution

f3 - laboratory

g - learned body

h6 - museum

y - cultural organizations

C"aN7 - 'Bibliography of physics books up to the 1979s

C"k73;N3- - Encyplopaedia of physics, first published in the USA in the

1930s C"m56,N5 - Physics journal first published in the UK in the 1950s '

C"p44,N7 - Proceedings of physics, conference held first in the 1970s in India

C”1v - History of physics

C"wM88 - Biography of a physicist, born in the year 1888(C.V. Raman)

T,4.44"r Report on adult education in India.

47

Common Isolates

T,4.44"s Statistics on adult education in India (Published regularly, a serial).

T,4.44'N75''t Indian adult education commission report, published in 1975.

T, 4.44’N75”t4 Statistics of adult education in India published in 1975 (a stray publication)

1) Indian Mathematical Society founded in 1931 B.44,g,9N31

2) Delhi University T,18.44,t4,N21 .

3) Poona Observatory B9.44,f2,P

Given below is the expansion of the numbers so as to enable you to know the rules:

1) B Mathematics

44 India (all space isolates are added with a dot() as the connecting

symbol)

g Learned body (all lower case Roman letters represent common

isolates. An element added with a comma as the connecting symbol

indicates personality facet)

9N3 1 A national body is represented by 9 and the date of foundation; N31

is 1931

2) T Education

T,18 University education. 18 from personality facet under the main class T

44. India

t4 An institution of higher education. t4 is a personality common isolate.

N21 Founded in 1921. Delhi University is a localised body and so 9 is not prefixed.

3) B9 Astronomy

44 India

f2 Observational institution (f2 is a personality common isolate)

P Poona (alphabetical device)

The outgoing Tamil Nadu ministry - V,4411,2;aP5

Where , V History

4411 Tamil Nadu

2 Cabinet(Ministry)

aP5 outgoing- Matter property common isolate

The intrinsic value of paintings - N6;a72

Where, N6 is painting

a72 is intrinsic value

ab - establish, inaugurate eb - mixing

af3 - differentiate eg - cleaning

ak - compensate ev - washing

aD2 - infiltrate e3 - boiling

aR - investigation, research fZ6 - preserving

aR2 - observing p2 - describing

aT - evaluation pR4 - printing

dl - designing u1 – surveying

1) Observing solar eclipse BX,3;57:aR2

2) Research on the ulcer of the intestine L,25;474:aR

3) Designing architectural plan of library buildings NA,9(2);3:dl

DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATIONThe following are the different types of common isolates in DDC.

- 01 Philosophy and theory

- 016 Indexes

- 02 Miscellany

- 022 Illustrations and models

- 028 Techniques, procedures, apparatus, equipment, material

- 0285 Data processing

- 0288 Maintenance and repair

- 03 Dictionaries, encyclopaedias, concordances

- 05 Serial publications

- 06 Organisations and management

- 07 Study and teaching

- 072 Research

- 08 History and description of-the subject among groups of persons

- 09 Historical and geographical treatment

-1 Area, regions, places in

-2 Persons regardless of area, region and place

-3 The ancient world

-4 Europe Application to Library

50

Classification

-5 Asia

-6 Africa

-7 North America

-8 South America

-9 Other parts of the world.

Medical dictionary - 610.3 610 plus 03

Encyclopaedia of religion - 203 200 plus 03

Journal of agriculture - 630.5 630 plus 05

Research in crystallography - 548.072 548 plus, 072

Encyclopaedia of oriental philosophy - 181.003

Dictionary of political science - 320.03

Journal of social welfare - 361.005

Journal of engineering - 620.005

Journal of public administration - 350.0005