web view1/2/2014 · -designed to produce ova, receive penis & semen, house &...
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Name Block Date
Bio 12 Notes: Testosterone & Female Reproductive Tract
I) Testosterone: main androgen (male sex hormone)A) Intro to Testosterone: -steroid hormone produced by
-produced in response (LH) from anterior pituitary gland-effects of lack of testosterone documented in livestock animals that have been ____________________ (testes removed)
1) meat more tender2) lack of sex drive3) lowered aggression (particularly sexual aggression)***Human castration: 17th-18th C many boys had testes removed to halt puberty and retain soprano voices “Castrati”
B) Functions of Testosterone1) 2) stimulates : signals of sexual maturity
-facial & body hair-enlargement & lengthening of larynx-increased production in body oils & pheromones-increased musculature: both skeletal & smooth (ie, male dermis = 40% thicker
than female)-change in bone structure & proportion
3 during puberty (primary sexual characteristics: )4) : sex drive5) increased : anabolic steroids are testosterone-like drugs
C) Regulation of Testosterone Production-at ~age 10 (GnRH) which targets anterior pituitary (this occurs in both males & females)-in response releases 2 hormones with different target tissues
1 (FSH): target = -stimulates 2 (LH): target in
testes-causes interstitial cells to
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-testosterone can then act on its target tissues (ex )
-recall: hypothalamus = centre of homeostasis. It monitors testosterone levels in blood. -If testosterone is too high, hypothalamus
-therefore, anterior pituitary release-therefore, testes & sperm
cells-negative feedback loop:
Question: how can excessive use of steroid hormones (drugs) cause infertility & shrivelled testes in males? Explain (potential test bonus question)
II) Female Reproductive Tract-designed to produce ova, receive penis & semen, house & nourish fetus, produce milk
A) Main structures 1) ____________ (2) – _ (estrogen & progesterone)
-size & shape of almonds, close to wall of pelvic cavity, held in place with loose connective tissue and pelvic ligaments-outside = single epithelial layer-inside = loose connective tissue & ova (scattered in varying developmental stages)
1) _______________: contain maturing ova, mature in response to FSH from anterior pituitary
-release 1 ovum during “__________________________”
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2) __ : remnants of follicle left in ovary that become a temporary gland in response to LH from anterior pituitary-produces -if no pregnancy, it disintegrates & becomes a scar called corpus albicans
2) ________________ (2) (aka fallopian tubes): receive ovum following ovulation
-not directly connected to ovary: fingerlike “_________________” catch ovum as it bursts from ovary wall-lined with beating __________ to sweep ovum down length. Also performs ________________-location of fertilization: ovum begins to disintegrate upon leaving ovary. By end of oviduct, ovum no longer capable of becoming fertilized by sperm so fertilization must occur before this
3) ______________: receives ovum or zygote (fertilized ovum), and nourishes fetus during pregnancy
-fist-sized, inverted-pear in shape-thick walls of smooth ____________-inner face is lined with membranous tissue:
-many capillaries for lots of transport to and from fetus-glandular tissue for secreting a nutrient medium to nourish zygote
4) : narrow opening at base of uterus-usually plugged with ____ to prevent entry of bacteria but also = barrier
for sperm-during ovulation, mucus becomes watery so sperm can pass
-allows endometrial layer to be shed during menstruation-keeps developing fetus inside uterus through pregnancy, but during birth, ________________ to ~10 cm (diameter of baby’s head) to allow exit-common site for cancer, often caused by HPV, transferred from head of penis
-detected by Pap Smear test5) _____________________: receives penis during sexual intercourse, birth canal for exit of baby (& endometrium during menstruation)
-stretchy elastic muscular tube which leads from cervix to outside body6) _____________________: organ _____________________________________, analogous to male penis
-in front of vagina, short (~2 cm) tissue with same nerve endings as head of penis-usually necessary to stimulate for female orgasm
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Self Quiz: Can you identify each structure?