A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED DATABASE FOR PESTICIDESDATABASE FOR PESTICIDES

Fengyou Jia1,2, Sonny Ramaswamy

Gamage Dissanayake3

jia@ksu.edu

1Department of Entomology, Kansas State University

2Department of Computing and Information Sciences, KSU

3Department of Communications – IET, Kansas State University

Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

As You Know:

Pesticide application is one of the important practices in agricultural production.

Pesticide Usage In Kansas State, USA

Source: http://nspirs.ceris.purdue.edu/htbin/PRLIST.COM

6,136 Pests (insects, weeds, and plant diseases, …) in Kansas by 10/30/03

15,283 Pesticides (Products) registered in Kansas by 10/30/03.

Pesticide Usage In Kansas (USA)

On average, it costs a farmer $10,000 annually in pest control in Kansas

34,979 Farmers (Full time) in Kansas by 1997

Multi-million dollars spent annually in pest control in Kansas

Growing business?

Paradox in plant protection

• Applying pesticides, people can survive better from current pest stresses, but, at the unfortunate cost of

• Deteriorating the environment we live Human may achieve a better quality

living in sacrificing their descendant life

Why should we care about Environment?

Critical point

50 Years?100 Years?1000 Years?

Ext

rem

e te

mpe

ratu

re

Time

Current Future

Num

ber

of p

oapl

e ar

e de

af o

f he

at w

aves

Advantages and disadvantages

• Benefits……

• Problems Is toxic to humans and domesticated

animals Kill non-targeted organisms Disrupt eco-systems Pollute the environment ……

Pesticide Residuals In Apple

Source: http://apps1.fao.org/servlet/org.fao.waicent.codex.PesticideServlet

No Pesticide (Common name) MRL (µg/kg )  No Pesticide (Common name) MRL (µg/kg ) 

1 AZINPHOS-METHYL  2000 18 LINDANE  500

2 CAPTAN  25000 19 MALATHION  2000

3 CARBARYL  5000 20 METHIDATHION  500

4 CHINOMETHIONAT  200 21 OXAMYL  2000

5 CHLORPYRIFOS  1000 22 PACLOBUTRAZOL  500

6 CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL  500 23 PARATHION  5

7 CYFLUTHRIN  500 24 PHOSALONE  5000

8 CYHEXATIN  2000 25 PHOSMET  10000

9 DICHLOFLUANID  5000 26 PHOSPHAMIDON  500

10 DIFLUBENZURON  1000 27 PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL  2000

11 DIMETHOATE  1000 28 PROPARGITE  5000

12 DIPHENYLAMINE  5000 29 PROPOXUR  3000

13 DODINE  5000 30 PYRAZOPHOS  1000

14 ETHEPHON  5000 31 THIABENDAZOLE 10000

15 FENITROTHION  500 32 THIOPHANATE-METHYL  5000

16 HEXACONAZOLE  100 33 TRIFORINE  2000

17 HEXYTHIAZOX  500 34 …...

1) Combination effect??; 2) Interaction among pesticides??

Special warning

Alachor

Aldrin

amitraz

arsenic

arsenic acid

captafol

chlordane

chlordimeform

diclofop-methyl

EDB

formaldehyde

heptachlor

lindane

linuron

pentachlorophenol

pronamide

telone

TPTH

Brodifacoum

Bromadiolone

Chlorophacinone

Cyanazine

Dinocap

Diphacinone

Pindone

Warfarin

Tumor related

Birth defect related

To reduce and mitigate the negative influence of pesticides

• Cultural practices• Biological controls• Genetic modified crops• ……• One easy way is to select relative safe pesticides in pest

control

Lack of sophisticate tools

To support the pesticides selection in pest management programs

A query:Suppose a user intends to control ants around his house. Considering safety, the user prefers the pesticide products that have low toxicity to humans and animals because the applied sites are so close to the house-member and domesticated animals. The user may be an environmental conservator and expects the desired pesticide products having low toxicity to birds and other small invertebrates. Additionally, the user may expect the pesticides have a short persistent period in the soil.

Research Objective

To design a user-oriented pesticide safety consultant system (tool) in guidance of pesticide selection and application in pest management program.

Ultimately, we expect this consultant system would assist to reduce or minimize the use of certain pesticides that commit high hazardous potentials to humans, domestic animals, ecosystems, and the environment.

Potential Users

Farmers

Growers

Extension Professions

Government Agencies (e. g., EPA)

Universities

Private Consultants

Rationality(Fundamental basis to support our objective)

Pesticides vary not only with target pests but with hazardous potentials to humans, ecosystems, and the environment as well.

Relative toxicity of pesticide to humans

Pesticide Trade Name Acute Oral (Common name) LD50 Rats

(mg/kg)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Aldicarb Temik 1

Trichlorfon Dylox 150

Methoxychlor Marlate 6000

DT50 (Time required for 50% dissipation of the initial concentration

of pesticide following application)

Pesticide Trade Name DT50 (Common name) (in soil)

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Validamycin * <=5 hrs

Oxadixyl * 2-3 months

Fenarimol * >1 year

PLP  (Pesticide Leach Potential)

Pesticide Trade Name PLP(Common name) (index)

------------------------------------------------------------------

Mepiquat Pix 1

Daminozide Alar 50

Dalapon Dowpon 87

Project Design

Pesticide Safety Consultant

System (PSCS)User

QueryingResults

Project design (Pesticide Safety Consultant System)

PesticideDatabase

Inputs Outputs

QueryReturning

QueryInputting

grow

control

appl

y

contain

consume

infe

st

Domain Conceptual Model

Pesticideproducts

Ingredients

Hazards

People

Pests

Crop

carry

Food

produce

Water

drink

resid

e

Diseases

have

Cau

se?

pollu

te

Object Model

Environment_hazard

Ecotoxicity

mamtoxicity

Include

EPA

WHO

BIRD

FISH

BEE

DT50

FD50

PLP

represent

Include

Include

represent

represent

represent

represent

represent

represent

represent

(PSCS)

control

contain

Pesticideproducts

Ingredients

Hazards

Pests

carry

PESTICIDE_PRODUCT

ER Diagram for PSCS (Pesticide Safety Consultant System )

Contain

PRODUCT_NO MANUFACTURE

FORMULATION

REGISTERED_STATE

PESTICIDE_EPA_NO

1 n

multiple-valued attributes.

RESTRICTED_STATE

PESTICIDE_NAME

Label

Pest

Pest_EPA_no

Pest_namePest_group

Pest_album

Pest_descriptionIng_EPA_no

n

n

(ingredients)

Control

ER Diagram for PSCS (cont.)

Ingredient

Environment__hazard

Ecotoxicity

MamtoxicityIng_EPA_no

DT50

FISH

ING_EPA_NO

Ingredient_name

Product_no

Ingredient_proportion

Mode_action

WHO

EPA

HONEY BEE

ING_EPA_NO

BIRD

ING_EPA_NO

Mam_effect

Eco_effect

Env_effect

Soil Half_lifeFD50

Field dissipation Half_life

1

1

1

1

1

1

CANCER_BIRTH_DEFECT

multiple-valued attributes.

PLP

n

Demo

http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/pesticidedatabase/main.asp

http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/pesticidedatabase/main.asp

Step 1

Step 1a

Step 2

Step 2a

Step 3

Step 4

Thanks

• Comments

• Suggestions