a darpa perspective on broadband wireless systems(glomo) glomo technology enables mobile users to...
TRANSCRIPT
A DARPA Perspective on Broadband Wireless Systems
Presented by:Dr. Paul Kolodzy6 September 2000
2000 International Symposium on Advanced Radio Technologies
Outline
•Setting The Stage•DARPA Programs
• Current• Global Mobile Communications (GloMo) • Small Unit Operations Situation Assessment System (SUO SAS)• Airborne Communications Node (ACN)
• Future• Future Combat Systems (FCS) Program• Adaptive Spectrum Utilization Concept
•DARPA / Industry Cooperation
DARPA Mission
•Solve National-level problems •Enable Operational Dominance•High Risk Technology Development, Exploitation
-- Avoid Surprise
Innovation in support of National Security
DARPA Organization
DirectorFrank FernandezDeputy DirectorJane Alexander
Advanced TechnologyTom Meyer
William Jeffrey
Early Entry, Rapid Reaction, Special ForcesCommunicationsMaritime
Defense SciencesMichael Goldblatt
Steven Wax
Information SystemsWilliam Mularie
Kathy MacDonald
Information TechnologyShankar Sastry
Col Mark Swinson
NetworkingEmbedded and Autonomous ComputingUser Interfaces & TranslationSoftware Composition
Microsystems TechnologyRobert LehenyEllison Urban
Special ProjectsJames CarliniAmy Alving
Tactical TechnologyDavid Whelan
Allen Adler
Wideband Technology Components
Commercial ThrustAdditional
Defense Thrust
Bandwidth Efficiency (Turbo Codes)
Microwave to WidebandFrequency Mobility
Multiple Access
Coding
Low Probability of Detection
Waveforms
Featureless Waveforms
Diversity ExploitationMultipath Mobility
Spatial & Symbol Processing
Interference Anti-Jam
IPNetworks
QoSLatency
Mobility, Adhoc, and Assurance
Time
Military Broadband Requirements
Future Projection101
102
103
104
105
Num
ber o
f ent
ities
103 104 105 106
UGS (acoustic, seismic sensors)
Voice
Entity data rate (bits/sec)107 108 109
Situation Awareness Data
102
Calls for Fire
Organic Imaging Sensors
Army Digitization Program
100
101
ReachBack
Theater Sensor Data
Dissemination (broadcast) VTC
Future Combat Systems
• Mobile Comms: 92% increase by 2005• Point-to-point:: 60% increase by 2007• Short Range: 600MHz increase by 2005• Surv. Radars : 35% increase• Fire Con Radars : 68% increase• SATCOM: 500% increase
• Mobile Comms: 92% increase by 2005• Point-to-point:: 60% increase by 2007• Short Range: 600MHz increase by 2005• Surv. Radars : 35% increase• Fire Con Radars : 68% increase• SATCOM: 500% increase
Wireless Communications Technical Challenges
Highly Dynamic Networks
Highly Dynamic Networks
Adapt to Changes in Topology
Adapt to Changes in Topology
Scarce Radio Spectrum
Scarce Radio Spectrum
Updates to Routing
Algorithms
Updates to Routing
Algorithms
Shared ChannelsShared Channels
Efficiency Drivers
Efficiency Drivers
Information AssuranceInformation Assurance
Highly Dynamic Algorithms
Highly Dynamic Algorithms
Time Criticality
Time Criticality
Multi-User InformationMulti-User
Information
Integrated HW/SW Algorithms
Integrated HW/SW Algorithms
Transmission Parameters
Transmission Parameters
EncryptionEncryptionSpatial
DiversitySpatial
Diversity
Signal Diversity
Signal Diversity
DoD Stressing
Commercial Equal or More Stressing
DoD & Commercial Broadband Users Have
Shared and Unique Challenges
DoD & Commercial Broadband Users Have
Shared and Unique Challenges
DARPA Communications Focus- Programs, Functions
Information Assurance, High Data Rates
Infrastructure
LPD
Detect, Copy, Geo-locate Confuse, Jam
Spectrum Spectrum SupremacySupremacy
Global MobileGlobal MobileSmall Unit OperationsSmall Unit Operations
Future Combat SystemsFuture Combat Systems
WolfPackWolfPackNovel Novel AntennasAntennas
AirbornAirborne Comm e Comm
NodeNode
Global Mobile Information Systems(GloMo)
GloMoGloMo technology enables mobile users to automatically form ad hoc technology enables mobile users to automatically form ad hoc networks and exchange voice, data and multimedia informationnetworks and exchange voice, data and multimedia information
COMPANYCOMPANY
BRIGADEBRIGADE
BATTALIONBATTALION
XX
IIIIII
II
JSTARS
UAV
CONUS Split Base Ops
Wireless Nodes
Networking Mobile Wireless & End-to-End
Communications
Mobile Applications Support
GloMo ThrustsDefense Wireless
Environment• No pre-deployed
infrastructure or fixed base stations
• Environment is subject to significant changes (weather, terrain, foliage, EMI)
• Mobile operations
• Significant variation in link quality and sporadic connectivity
Satellite
SUO SAS is a mobile communications system with high dataSUO SAS is a mobile communications system with high data--rate capacity rate capacity that is optimized for restrictive terrainthat is optimized for restrictive terrain
All Terrain Radio• Clandestine, high AJ• Adapts data rate and frequency to
capacity of channel (10 bps to 4 Mbps)
Applications:• Army and Marine Infantry
• Special Operations Forces
• EMT and Firefighters
• Law Enforcement
Wearable Computer/Radio
Continuous Position/Navigation and Targeting• D-GPS when available plus INS and altimeter• Radio ranging inside buildings, urban
canyons, etc.
Distributed Information Management• Consistent tactical picture tailored to each
warrior mission and personality• Integrates blue situation with organic and
non-organic sensors
Autonomous Adaptive Networking• Self-forming, self-maintaining• Simultaneous voice, record and
multimedia services• 10-100 times the TI capacity
Small Unit Operations Situation Awareness System Program (SUO SAS)
Bursts exploit short term channel characteristics
NND = network neighbor discovery RTS = request to sendCTS = clear to send and what channelMSG = message fragmentACK = acknowledgement of message
20 MHz
Transmit Power
100 MHz
1,000 MHz
CTSRTS
MSG
NND
ACK
Time
256 ms bursts
Typical Transactions
n Each radio monitors activity on the signaling channel and can predict some link states
n Each radio selects a channel to use in response to a RTS
• Operating Frequency Range: 20 MHz to 2.5 GHz
• Hybrid direct sequence / frequency hopping• Spectrum adaptive data rates
• Data Rates: 96 kbps - 6 Mbps• Security
Dynamic Broadband Waveform Technology (SUO SAS)
Dynamic Broadband Waveform Technology (SUO SAS)
Airborne Communications Node (ACN) Concept
Scalable for TUAVsScalable for TUAVs
WINWIN--T backbone T backbone
Advanced SIGINTAdvanced SIGINT
AdaptabilityScalabilityRobust OperationInformation AssuranceSeamless Interoperability
CommunicationsSIGINT
Features
Functions
ACN provides continuous communications services to widely disperACN provides continuous communications services to widely dispersed sed (Beyond Line of Sight) mobile forces(Beyond Line of Sight) mobile forces
DSP
ACN: A Convergence of Communications and SIGINT
Communications SIGINT
IF Distribution
IF Digitizers
High Power Amplifier
System Proc & Cntl
Databases
LPI Coding
CCI Mitigation
Beamformer
Band Pass Filters
Low Band Tuners
Rx Antennas
Tx Antennas
IF Distribution
IF Digitizers
System Proc & Cntl
DSP
Databases
Encrypted Storage
CCI Mitigation
Beamformer
Low Band Tuners
Rx Antennas
• Opportunity for multi-mission platforms
• Synergistic capabilities
– SIGINT can find “holes” in spectrum for transmission
• Opportunity for multi-mission platforms
• Synergistic capabilities
– SIGINT can find “holes” in spectrum for transmission
Common Functionality
• Antenna Beamsteering
• Wideband RF Front End
• 20 MHz -> 18 GHz
• 90 dB Dynamic Range
• 50 - 100 MHz BW
• High Speed MODEM
• 3 - 10 GFLOP
• AM, FM, QAM, QPSK
Common Functionality
• Antenna Beamsteering
• Wideband RF Front End
• 20 MHz -> 18 GHz
• 90 dB Dynamic Range
• 50 - 100 MHz BW
• High Speed MODEM
• 3 - 10 GFLOP
• AM, FM, QAM, QPSK
Future Combat Systems- Assured Real-time Connectivity
Robotic Direct Fire
Small Unit UAV
Other Layered Sensors
Robotic NLOS Fire
Robotic Sensor
Manned C2/Infantry Squad
10s of MbpsMbps BWkbps BW
Connectivity Level
Assured Communications• High Data Rates• Low Probability of Detection• Anti-jam
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks• Dynamic• Re-configurable• Low Latency• Multi-user
Network Centric Force
Adaptive Spectrum Utilization
Find a channelUse the channel
Find a channelUse a channelFind a channel
. . .
Radio X
Radio Y
Radio Z
Very asymmetric topologies may occur
Individual radios monitor the local environment to identify opportunities to establish connections
RF (MHz)10.1. 100. 1,000. 10,000.
Power
Local Spectrum Activity Model
RF (MHz)10.1. 100. 1,000. 10,000.
Power
Local Spectrum Activity Model
Spectrum Adaptation can be done locally, without interference, and be stealthySpectrum Adaptation can be done locally, without interference, and be stealthy
• Concept:• Adaptive Spectrum Sharing - employ unused spectrum (frequency, time and
power) when and where available using special waveforms, protocols and etiquette to overlay and underlay frequencies without interference
• Tactical Adaptation- adapting locally, at the individual link level, for temporary connections
10.1. 100. 1,000. 10,000.
Power
Local Spectrum Activity Model
RF (MHz)
Common Signaling Channel provides a means for radios to select and establish connections
DARPA-Industry Cooperation
• Common technical requirements exist between commercial and military broadband wireless systems
• Military unique needs drive extensions in the areas of assured connectivity, LPD waveforms and jam resistance
• Future military wireless systems will be “modular” • Military users benefit from the rapid assimilation of low cost
commercial sector technology developments
• DARPA is investigating ways to rapidly transition technology to/between DoD and commercial applications
• DARPA is familiar with the role of technology “Venture Capitalist’• Cooperative relationships are encouraged• Additional information can be found on DARPA’s web page
(www.darpa.mil)
Commercial Communication Trends
$-
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
1998 1999 2000
Commercial
DoD
Annual US Comms R&D Spending
Annual
R&D
Spendin
g ($B)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Fib
er (
Mill
ion
km
)
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Worldwide Deployment of Fiber Optic Cable
Emerging
Pac Rim
E. Europe
W. Europe
North America
0
100
200
300
400
500
Use
rs (M
illio
ns)
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
Worldwide Cellular / PCS Subscribers
Outside North America
North America
1000x Circumference 1000x Circumference of the Earthof the Earth
Channel Capacity Commercial Solution: Increase Bandwidth
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
3 GHZ
30 MHZ
3 MHZ
300 MHZ
300 GHZ
30 GHZ
3000 GHZ
10 cm
10 m
100 m
1 m
1 mm
1 cm
0.1 mm
L
CXKuKKa
football fieldp
erso
nfootball
golfballra
ind
rop
amoeba
EH
FS
HF
UH
FV
HF
HF
E X P E R I M E N T A L
C O M M U N I C A T I O N SS A T E L L I T E
M O B I L E
T W O- W A Y
R A D I O
V H F A N D
U H F T O W E R
C O L O R T V
FMR A D I O
W A L K I E -T A L K I E
C E L L U L A RPHONE
M O D E R NS H O R T W A V ER A D I O
M I L I T A R Y S A T E L L I T E
M A R I N E S A T E L L I T EL I N K
L O C A L- A R E A
P A G I N G
M I C R O W A V E
A N T E N N A
W I R E L E S S R E M O T E
C O N T R O L
W I R E L E S S L O C A L
A R E A N E T W O R K
( I N T E R O F F I C E )
L O W E A R T H-
O R B I T S A T E L L I T E
P E R S O N A LC O M M U N I C A T I O N S
S E R V I C E
G E O S T A T I O N A R Y
M O B I L E S A T E L L I T ED I R E C TB R O A D C A S T
S A T E L L I T E S
B R O A D B A N D
S A T E L L I T ES Y S T E M S
S A T E L L I T E SC O M M U N I C A T E
W I T H L I G H T B E A M S
Commercial trends have been to higher data rates, requiring greater bandwidth, leading to higher frequencies
Commercial trends have been to higher data rates, requiring greater bandwidth, leading to higher frequencies
Year
Military Frequency Allocation
76 300118 156 165 225
900 1030 12001090969915
904
956
5 1510.95 12.75 14 14.5
300 400 450 453463420 806 826 851 900
1227.6
14351429 14531350 15001200
17101525 1575.42 17851500
1950
1895 19181880
2485240020001800
World-wide Military Frequency Allocation is going down
Requires: More efficient use of the
remaining asset