a comprehensive model for multia comprehensive model for ......a comprehensive model for multia...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi--Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Pathway Risks from Air Pollution:
i i ii i iEmission Inventory PreparationEmission Inventory Preparation
Chun Yi Wu, Gregory Pratt, & Mary DymondChun Yi Wu, Gregory Pratt, & Mary Dymond
Minnesota Pollution Control Minnesota Pollution Control AgencyAgency
![Page 2: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
MNRISKS Criteria
Air Toxics
• CAA HAPs
All known air emissions sources
Pollutants• PM10
PM2 5• Other Toxics• Lead• Diesel
All pathways in EPA HHRAP protocol
• PM2.5
• SO2
• NOxExhaust
• CO
• LeadPoint
• VOCsPoint
NonpointMobile
![Page 3: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ISSUESISSUES
1. Double counting for1. Double counting for grouped pollutants
2. Methods for . et ods oallocating county-level emissions to eve e ss o s ocensus tracts
3. Stack parameters and pgeographic coordinates
![Page 4: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2005 EI OVERVIEW2005 EI OVERVIEW
286 Pollutants286 Pollutants 1235 Permitted facilities• 599 Reported emissionsp• 20+ - Lack of emissions• Others – throughput for combustion51 TRI facilities37 Categories - 86 sub-categories for nonpoint sources• 31 - State estimated
6 F EPA• 6 - From EPA
![Page 5: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2005 EI OVERVIEW2005 EI OVERVIEW
Onroad mobile sources - EPANonRoad mobile sources• Aircraft & airport ground
support equipment - MPCA• Locomotives - MPCA• CMV - Grow CENRAP 2002• Others - EPA
![Page 6: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RESOLUTION for ISSUESEmissions of grouped pollutants
8090
100
506070
rcen
tage
203040Pe
r
010
Metals PAHs Dioxins Trimethylbenzene Xylenes
Pollutant Group
Point Nonpoint Onroad Nonroad
![Page 7: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Metal EmissionsMetal Emissions
90% of emissions from point sources90% of emissions from point sources1,139 Facilities and 5,057 processes4 Forms of metal emissions o s o eta e ss o s• Individual metal compounds• Individual subgroups: such as Cr III and Cr VI• Mass of the metal alone• Mass of total compoundsL d i t i d i b th CAP EI d AT EILead - inventoried in both CAP EI and AT EI
![Page 8: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Metal EmissionsMetal Emissions
Suspiciously high emissionsSuspiciously high emissions from surface coating operations due to no consideration ofdue to o co s de at o o• Transfer efficiency (30% - 100%) • Control efficiency (0 - 99.8%)• 32 Facilities – 100 processes• Contacted facilities with > 20lb
i iemissions
![Page 9: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Metal Emissions300,000 Selenium
Metal Emissions
200 000
250,000
LB)
NickelMercuryManganese
150,000
200,000
issi
ons
(L ManganeseLeadCopper
50,000
100,000Emi Cobalt
Chromium VIChromium
0Before After Before After
CadmiumBerylliumArsenicArsenicAntimonyTotal Mass Metal Mass
![Page 10: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Metal EmissionsMetal Emissions
General steps for MNRiskSGeneral steps for MNRiskSinput • Emissions only available for y
the metal compound - use as emissions of metal elements
• Cr - speciated to Cr VI and Cr III
• Emissions of an individual• Emissions of an individual metal compound - converted to emissions of metalto emissions of metal elements
![Page 11: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Metal EmissionsMetal Emissions
Recommendations • Facilities should report emissions of
specific metal compounds or the mass of the metal only
• Emission factors need to be mutually exclusive for compounds
• Lead emissions from the CAP EI and AT EI need to be reconciled
![Page 12: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Dioxin EmissionsDioxin Emissions
Over 90% of emissions from point sourcesOver 90% of emissions from point sources20 Congener groups: > 200 congenersMajority emissions for groups resulted from ajo ty e ss o s o g oups esu ted ogeneric emission factors in FIREApply dioxin/furan apportioning factors to pp y d o / u ppo o g c o s ogroups Calculate 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (TEQs) , , , q ( Q )for MNRiskS input
![Page 13: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Dioxin EmissionsDioxin Emissions100
80
ge
40
60
Perc
enta
g
0
20
P
0Total Dioxins in EI TEQs in MNRiskS
Point Nonpoint Onroad Nonroad
![Page 14: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PAH EmissionsPAH Emissions1,000,000
800,000
Nonroad
600,000
ons (
lb)
Nonroad
Onroad
Nonpoint400,000
Emis
sio Nonpoint
Point
0
200,000
0Individual
PAHsTotal PAH 16-PAH 7-PAH POM
![Page 15: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PAH EmissionsPAH Emissions
No changes on emissions Adjust toxicity values in the MNRisks input• EPA NATA 2002 guidance • Minnesota Department of Health guidance
![Page 16: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Trimethylbenzene Emissionsy160,000
120,000N i t
80,000
ns (l
b)
Nonpoint
Point
40,000
Em
issi
on
0
E
1,2,4-Trimethylbenzene
1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene
Trimethylbenzene
![Page 17: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Trimethylbenzene EmissionsTrimethylbenzene Emissions
No changes on emissionsNo changes on emissions Total trimethylbenzenes used for MNRiskSmodel inputode put• Only total - use it• No total - use the sum of isomers • Both total and isomers
o Use total if the sum of isomers < totalU th f i if th f io Use the sum of isomers if the sum of isomers > total
![Page 18: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Xylene EmissionsXylene Emissions
84% Emissions from mobile sources84% Emissions from mobile sources5 Forms• m,p-xylene,p y• m-xylene• p-xylene Point sources• o-xylene• xylenes (mixed isomers) – 99%No change on emissionsNo change on emissionsXylenes used for MNRiskS model input
![Page 19: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Apportion EmissionsApportion Emissions
Nonpoint sourcesNonpoint sourcesEmission data at individual facility level: landfills public owned treatment workslandfills, public owned treatment works (POTWs), and dry cleanersEmission data at the county levelEmission data at the county level • Throughput data not available from individual
facilities - appropriate surrogatesfacilities appropriate surrogates • Throughput data might be available from
individual facilities: human cremation and drum and barrel reclamation
![Page 20: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Human Cremation
Number of cremations per crematoryNumber of cremations per crematory available for 2006-2008Use average fraction per crematory to Use ave age act o pe c e ato y toallocate the 2005 state total Addresses available for majority crematoriesdd esses v b e o jo y c e o esNo address - web search and phone callsEmissions were allocated to 55 crematories for MNRiskS input
![Page 21: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Drum and Barrel Reclamation1,818,182 barrels reclaimed in Hennepinreclaimed in Hennepin County in 2002 from EPA Finding after a search -Finding after a search one facility with the operation 480,000 barrels reclaimed in 2008 – data collected f th f ilitfrom the facilityUpdated the EI
![Page 22: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Surrogates for Apportioning Nonpoint Source Emissions
C N Surrogates for TractCategory Name Surrogates for Tract Apportioning
Commercial and Consumer Products Usage PopulationUsage p
Commercial Cooking Commercial Land UseDegreasing PopulationGasoline Service Stations Gas Station LocationsGraphic Arts Commercial Land UseResidential Wood Burning PopulationResidential Wood Burning PopulationStationary Source Fuel Combustion -Commercial/Institutional Commercial Land Use
St ti S F l C b tiStationary Source Fuel Combustion -Industrial Industrial Land Use
![Page 23: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Surrogates for Apportioning NonroadMobile Source Emissions
C Surrogates for TractCategory Surrogates for Tract Apportioning
Agricultural Equipment Rural Land AreaC i l E i t P l tiCommercial Equipment PopulationCommercial Marine Vessel Water FractionConstruction and Mining Equipment # Point Sources Per TractIndustrial Equipment # Point Sources Per TractLawn and Garden Equipment PopulationLogging Equipment Forest AreaLogging Equipment Forest AreaPleasure Craft Water FractionRailway Maintenance Railway MilesRecreational Equipment PopulationLocomotive Emissions Railway Miles
![Page 24: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Apportion Onroad Mobile Source ppEmissions
Use vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a surrogate
VMT = AADT x LWhere
AADT = average annual daily traffic count
L = length of road segment
![Page 25: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Stack Parameters and Geographic Coordinates
Data from a permitting databasePermitting processes pay little attentionPermitting processes pay little attentionAnticipating incorrect or incomplete informationinformation
![Page 26: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Stack ParametersUse average values by SCC for
i i t k tmissing stack parametersDefault stack values • Height - 10 m• Diameter - 2 m • Exit velocity - 1 m/s• Exit temperature - 293 K
![Page 27: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Geographic CoordinatesGeographic Coordinates
C l ti l sCompare locationaldata with the draft 2005 NATA 30
3540
Faci
litie
s
2005 NATA• > 200 m - 89
facilities 152025
Inco
rrec
t
Both
MPCA
Use aerial photography to get
t d t 05
10um
ber o
f NATA
correct data> 10 km > 1 kmN
u
Distence Between MPCA Data & DATAD tDATA Data
![Page 28: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONIssue Resolution
Grouped pollutants
Collect data for individual pollutantsCl d fill fp p Clean up and fill gaps for emission factorsBetter understanding
Allocating emissionsBetter understanding emission dataCollect facility-level datay
Stack parameters & X/Y coordinates
Include requirements in EI reporting
![Page 29: A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for ......A Comprehensive Model for MultiA Comprehensive Model for Multi-Pathway Risks from Air Pollution: Emii iission Inventory](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022071408/60ffa352d51dfc02bf0e4c74/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
AcknowledgementAcknowledgement
Nate Edel for his effort on correcting metal emissions from pointemissions from point sources