a collaborative effort towards implementing iwrm: a southern african perspective

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A collaborative effort A collaborative effort towards implementing towards implementing IWRM IWRM A southern African A southern African perspective perspective Jean Boroto Jean Boroto GWP- Southern Africa GWP- Southern Africa

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Presentation given by Jean Boroto of GWP Southern Africa at the International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo - December 2004

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Page 1: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

A collaborative effort towards A collaborative effort towards implementing IWRM implementing IWRM

A southern African perspectiveA southern African perspective

Jean BorotoJean Boroto

GWP- Southern AfricaGWP- Southern Africa

Page 2: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

BackgroundBackground

15 rivers are shared15 rivers are shared 3 major lakes are shared (Malawi, 3 major lakes are shared (Malawi,

Tanganyika, Victoria)Tanganyika, Victoria) Prevailing semi arid climate Prevailing semi arid climate Increasing climate variabilityIncreasing climate variability Competing needs for a limited resourceCompeting needs for a limited resource Need to collaborate…Need to collaborate… Call for an IWRM approachCall for an IWRM approach

Page 3: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Selected Southern African river basins

Congo

Cunene

Limpopo

Okavango

Orange

Save

Zambezi

River Basin

Basin area

(km2)3 800 000

106 500415 000570 000850 00092 500

1 400 000

River length

(km)

4 700

1 050

1 750

1 100

2 300

740

2 650

Mean Annual Runoff at mouth

(106 m3 yr-1)1 260 000

5 500

5 500

11 000

11 500

7 000

94 000

Unit runoff

(mm)

330

52

13

19

13

76

67

Page 4: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Figure 1. Monthly flows at the Congo River from 1903 to 1983 (Unesco, 1995)

Shashe River

Congo River monthly flows (1903-1983)

10000

20000

30000

40000

50000

60000

70000

80000

90000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

January to December

Mo

nth

ly f

low

(m

3/s

)

Page 5: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Floods in Crocodile River, South Africa

Page 6: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Access to water for domestic use: Southern African countries(Year 2000 estimates)

Country

Population 2000 (millions)

Proportion urbanised

Access to safe water %)

Access to sanitation

(%)

Urban

Rural Urban

Rural

Angola 12.903 31 69 15 34 8

Botswana 1.693 64 100 91 91 41

DRC 52.046 29 37 23 23 4

Lesotho 2.156 25 65 54 53 36

Malawi 10.778 14 80 32 52 24

Mozambique 19.980 35 17 40 53 15

Namibia 1.739 37 87 42 77 32

South Africa 43.265 49 80 40 79 50

Swaziland 0.928 32 61 44 66 37

Tanzania 33.744 25 67 45 74 62

Zambia 9.191 43 64 27 75 32

Zimbabwe 13.109 43 90 69 90 42

Page 7: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective
Page 8: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective
Page 9: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective
Page 10: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective
Page 11: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Integrated Water Resources Integrated Water Resources Management at a glanceManagement at a glance

Page 12: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Our regional context…Our regional context… 15 shared rivers15 shared rivers

A Protocol for shared watercourses which is IWRM A Protocol for shared watercourses which is IWRM compliantcompliant

River Basin Commissions being established, often River Basin Commissions being established, often after difficult negotiations which have lasted after difficult negotiations which have lasted years… years…

Southern Africa is firmly engaged on a path for Southern Africa is firmly engaged on a path for the sustainable management of its water the sustainable management of its water resources…resources…

Page 13: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Current responsesCurrent responses

Existence of a regional Vision on Existence of a regional Vision on Water Life and EnvironmentWater Life and Environment

Enabling environment to manage Enabling environment to manage water resources:water resources:– (Revised) Protocol for shared water (Revised) Protocol for shared water

coursescourses– Development of a policy and strategy Development of a policy and strategy

under wayunder way

Page 14: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Conceptual Framework for the Regional Water PolicyConceptual Framework for the Regional Water Policy

SADC Regional Integration and

Poverty Eradication

SADC Regional Integration and

Poverty Eradication

IndustrialDevelopme

nt

Food Securit

y

Access to Water & San

EnergySecurit

y

Safety from

Disasters

Development without compromising the Environment

Integrated Water Resources Management

Institutions at national and

regional levels

Capacity

Building

StakeholderParticipation

WRInformation

Management

GOAL

OBJECTIVES

APPROACH

TOOLS

IWRMPlans

ConflictResolutio

n

Environmental

Management

Page 15: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Current responsesCurrent responses

Implementation of the Protocol:Implementation of the Protocol:

– Establishment of River Basin Establishment of River Basin Commissions such as Limpopo, Commissions such as Limpopo, Okavango, Orange and ZambeziOkavango, Orange and Zambezi

– Agreements such the IncoMaputo Agreements such the IncoMaputo agreement (Mozambique, South Africa, agreement (Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland)Swaziland)

– Joint Permanent (Technical) Committees Joint Permanent (Technical) Committees between several countries between several countries

Page 16: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Current responsesCurrent responses

GEF support to transboundary GEF support to transboundary watercourses such as:watercourses such as:– Lake VictoriaLake Victoria– Lake TanganyikaLake Tanganyika– Lake MalawiLake Malawi– Limpopo RiverLimpopo River– Okavango RiverOkavango River– Orange RiverOrange River

Page 17: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Current responsesCurrent responses

Implementation of WSSD resolution Implementation of WSSD resolution to develop IWRM Plans by 2005…to develop IWRM Plans by 2005…– Malawi and Zambia: CIDA/GWPMalawi and Zambia: CIDA/GWP– Mozambique and Swaziland: NEDA/ GWPMozambique and Swaziland: NEDA/ GWP– Angola: SIDA/ GWPAngola: SIDA/ GWP– Tanzania and Botswana as a regional Tanzania and Botswana as a regional

initiative: GEF/UNDP/GWPinitiative: GEF/UNDP/GWP– Namibia: GEF/UNDP/ GWP at country Namibia: GEF/UNDP/ GWP at country

levellevel

Page 18: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

The Netherlands DGIS

Canadian CIDA

USA USAID

Support for IWRM plans

GEF, Global Environmental Facility

EU Water Initiative

Norweigan Development Cooperation

Countries with UNDP offices

Potential for support for IWRM plansin Sub-Saharan Africa

Towards the WSSD Target….IWRM/WE Plans by 2005

Page 19: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Key challengesKey challenges

Integration with transboundary Integration with transboundary initiatives:initiatives:– Botswana – Member of River Basin Botswana – Member of River Basin

Commissions on Limpopo, Okavango, Commissions on Limpopo, Okavango, Orange and ZambeziOrange and Zambezi

– Tanzania: co basin to the three major Tanzania: co basin to the three major lakes (Malawi, Tanganyika and Victoria)lakes (Malawi, Tanganyika and Victoria)

Page 20: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Key challengesKey challenges

Integration across sectorsIntegration across sectors

– Old approach of working in silosOld approach of working in silos– Competition between the three Es (see Competition between the three Es (see

next slide) and among various water next slide) and among various water use sectors, each being relevant…use sectors, each being relevant…

Page 21: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Extremely relevant!!! Truly relevant

Relevant

Page 22: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Key challengesKey challenges

Cost of implementing IWRM?Cost of implementing IWRM?– Each aspect of IWRM requires resources.Each aspect of IWRM requires resources.

Soft issues - awareness raising, capacity Soft issues - awareness raising, capacity building, etc…building, etc…

Enforcing capacity Enforcing capacity Tools, data collectionTools, data collection Infrastructure development Infrastructure development

Page 23: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

Access to water for domestic use: Southern African countries(Year 2000 estimates)

Country

Population 2000 (millions)

Proportion urbanised

Access to safe water %)

Access to sanitation

(%)

Urban

Rural Urban

Rural

Angola 12.903 31 69 15 34 8

Botswana 1.693 64 100 91 91 41

DRC 52.046 29 37 23 23 4

Lesotho 2.156 25 65 54 53 36

Malawi 10.778 14 80 32 52 24

Mozambique 19.980 35 17 40 53 15

Namibia 1.739 37 87 42 77 32

South Africa 43.265 49 80 40 79 50

Swaziland 0.928 32 61 44 66 37

Tanzania 33.744 25 67 45 74 62

Zambia 9.191 43 64 27 75 32

Zimbabwe 13.109 43 90 69 90 42

Changing these figures will take billions of $ and €

Page 24: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

OpportunitiesOpportunities

Regional DimensionRegional Dimension– Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management– Platform for sharing experiencesPlatform for sharing experiences– Showcasing regional example in order to share Showcasing regional example in order to share

lessons with other regionslessons with other regions Filling gapsFilling gaps

– DRC DRC – LesothoLesotho– South Africa (review current National WR South Africa (review current National WR

Strategy which stands for an IWRM PlanStrategy which stands for an IWRM Plan– Zimbabwe ( same as South Africa)Zimbabwe ( same as South Africa)

Page 25: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

And so what!And so what! IWRM should contribute to overall well being of IWRM should contribute to overall well being of

our people and should take place in a context of a our people and should take place in a context of a favourable socio-economic and political favourable socio-economic and political environment.environment.

IWRM is not therefore a magical solution, but a IWRM is not therefore a magical solution, but a contribution to a new way of doing things in a contribution to a new way of doing things in a framework that recognises that framework that recognises that water is key to water is key to the development of Southern Africa. the development of Southern Africa.

IWRM will remain an iterative process…IWRM will remain an iterative process…

Page 26: A Collaborative Effort Towards Implementing IWRM: A Southern African Perspective

If IWRM is to make a changeIn our people’s livesThen the journey has just started…