a collaborative effort towards implementing iwrm: a southern african perspective
DESCRIPTION
Presentation given by Jean Boroto of GWP Southern Africa at the International Conference on IWRM in Tokyo - December 2004TRANSCRIPT
A collaborative effort towards A collaborative effort towards implementing IWRM implementing IWRM
A southern African perspectiveA southern African perspective
Jean BorotoJean Boroto
GWP- Southern AfricaGWP- Southern Africa
BackgroundBackground
15 rivers are shared15 rivers are shared 3 major lakes are shared (Malawi, 3 major lakes are shared (Malawi,
Tanganyika, Victoria)Tanganyika, Victoria) Prevailing semi arid climate Prevailing semi arid climate Increasing climate variabilityIncreasing climate variability Competing needs for a limited resourceCompeting needs for a limited resource Need to collaborate…Need to collaborate… Call for an IWRM approachCall for an IWRM approach
Selected Southern African river basins
Congo
Cunene
Limpopo
Okavango
Orange
Save
Zambezi
River Basin
Basin area
(km2)3 800 000
106 500415 000570 000850 00092 500
1 400 000
River length
(km)
4 700
1 050
1 750
1 100
2 300
740
2 650
Mean Annual Runoff at mouth
(106 m3 yr-1)1 260 000
5 500
5 500
11 000
11 500
7 000
94 000
Unit runoff
(mm)
330
52
13
19
13
76
67
Figure 1. Monthly flows at the Congo River from 1903 to 1983 (Unesco, 1995)
Shashe River
Congo River monthly flows (1903-1983)
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January to December
Mo
nth
ly f
low
(m
3/s
)
Floods in Crocodile River, South Africa
Access to water for domestic use: Southern African countries(Year 2000 estimates)
Country
Population 2000 (millions)
Proportion urbanised
Access to safe water %)
Access to sanitation
(%)
Urban
Rural Urban
Rural
Angola 12.903 31 69 15 34 8
Botswana 1.693 64 100 91 91 41
DRC 52.046 29 37 23 23 4
Lesotho 2.156 25 65 54 53 36
Malawi 10.778 14 80 32 52 24
Mozambique 19.980 35 17 40 53 15
Namibia 1.739 37 87 42 77 32
South Africa 43.265 49 80 40 79 50
Swaziland 0.928 32 61 44 66 37
Tanzania 33.744 25 67 45 74 62
Zambia 9.191 43 64 27 75 32
Zimbabwe 13.109 43 90 69 90 42
Integrated Water Resources Integrated Water Resources Management at a glanceManagement at a glance
Our regional context…Our regional context… 15 shared rivers15 shared rivers
A Protocol for shared watercourses which is IWRM A Protocol for shared watercourses which is IWRM compliantcompliant
River Basin Commissions being established, often River Basin Commissions being established, often after difficult negotiations which have lasted after difficult negotiations which have lasted years… years…
Southern Africa is firmly engaged on a path for Southern Africa is firmly engaged on a path for the sustainable management of its water the sustainable management of its water resources…resources…
Current responsesCurrent responses
Existence of a regional Vision on Existence of a regional Vision on Water Life and EnvironmentWater Life and Environment
Enabling environment to manage Enabling environment to manage water resources:water resources:– (Revised) Protocol for shared water (Revised) Protocol for shared water
coursescourses– Development of a policy and strategy Development of a policy and strategy
under wayunder way
Conceptual Framework for the Regional Water PolicyConceptual Framework for the Regional Water Policy
SADC Regional Integration and
Poverty Eradication
SADC Regional Integration and
Poverty Eradication
IndustrialDevelopme
nt
Food Securit
y
Access to Water & San
EnergySecurit
y
Safety from
Disasters
Development without compromising the Environment
Integrated Water Resources Management
Institutions at national and
regional levels
Capacity
Building
StakeholderParticipation
WRInformation
Management
GOAL
OBJECTIVES
APPROACH
TOOLS
IWRMPlans
ConflictResolutio
n
Environmental
Management
Current responsesCurrent responses
Implementation of the Protocol:Implementation of the Protocol:
– Establishment of River Basin Establishment of River Basin Commissions such as Limpopo, Commissions such as Limpopo, Okavango, Orange and ZambeziOkavango, Orange and Zambezi
– Agreements such the IncoMaputo Agreements such the IncoMaputo agreement (Mozambique, South Africa, agreement (Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland)Swaziland)
– Joint Permanent (Technical) Committees Joint Permanent (Technical) Committees between several countries between several countries
Current responsesCurrent responses
GEF support to transboundary GEF support to transboundary watercourses such as:watercourses such as:– Lake VictoriaLake Victoria– Lake TanganyikaLake Tanganyika– Lake MalawiLake Malawi– Limpopo RiverLimpopo River– Okavango RiverOkavango River– Orange RiverOrange River
Current responsesCurrent responses
Implementation of WSSD resolution Implementation of WSSD resolution to develop IWRM Plans by 2005…to develop IWRM Plans by 2005…– Malawi and Zambia: CIDA/GWPMalawi and Zambia: CIDA/GWP– Mozambique and Swaziland: NEDA/ GWPMozambique and Swaziland: NEDA/ GWP– Angola: SIDA/ GWPAngola: SIDA/ GWP– Tanzania and Botswana as a regional Tanzania and Botswana as a regional
initiative: GEF/UNDP/GWPinitiative: GEF/UNDP/GWP– Namibia: GEF/UNDP/ GWP at country Namibia: GEF/UNDP/ GWP at country
levellevel
The Netherlands DGIS
Canadian CIDA
USA USAID
Support for IWRM plans
GEF, Global Environmental Facility
EU Water Initiative
Norweigan Development Cooperation
Countries with UNDP offices
Potential for support for IWRM plansin Sub-Saharan Africa
Towards the WSSD Target….IWRM/WE Plans by 2005
Key challengesKey challenges
Integration with transboundary Integration with transboundary initiatives:initiatives:– Botswana – Member of River Basin Botswana – Member of River Basin
Commissions on Limpopo, Okavango, Commissions on Limpopo, Okavango, Orange and ZambeziOrange and Zambezi
– Tanzania: co basin to the three major Tanzania: co basin to the three major lakes (Malawi, Tanganyika and Victoria)lakes (Malawi, Tanganyika and Victoria)
Key challengesKey challenges
Integration across sectorsIntegration across sectors
– Old approach of working in silosOld approach of working in silos– Competition between the three Es (see Competition between the three Es (see
next slide) and among various water next slide) and among various water use sectors, each being relevant…use sectors, each being relevant…
Extremely relevant!!! Truly relevant
Relevant
Key challengesKey challenges
Cost of implementing IWRM?Cost of implementing IWRM?– Each aspect of IWRM requires resources.Each aspect of IWRM requires resources.
Soft issues - awareness raising, capacity Soft issues - awareness raising, capacity building, etc…building, etc…
Enforcing capacity Enforcing capacity Tools, data collectionTools, data collection Infrastructure development Infrastructure development
Access to water for domestic use: Southern African countries(Year 2000 estimates)
Country
Population 2000 (millions)
Proportion urbanised
Access to safe water %)
Access to sanitation
(%)
Urban
Rural Urban
Rural
Angola 12.903 31 69 15 34 8
Botswana 1.693 64 100 91 91 41
DRC 52.046 29 37 23 23 4
Lesotho 2.156 25 65 54 53 36
Malawi 10.778 14 80 32 52 24
Mozambique 19.980 35 17 40 53 15
Namibia 1.739 37 87 42 77 32
South Africa 43.265 49 80 40 79 50
Swaziland 0.928 32 61 44 66 37
Tanzania 33.744 25 67 45 74 62
Zambia 9.191 43 64 27 75 32
Zimbabwe 13.109 43 90 69 90 42
Changing these figures will take billions of $ and €
OpportunitiesOpportunities
Regional DimensionRegional Dimension– Knowledge ManagementKnowledge Management– Platform for sharing experiencesPlatform for sharing experiences– Showcasing regional example in order to share Showcasing regional example in order to share
lessons with other regionslessons with other regions Filling gapsFilling gaps
– DRC DRC – LesothoLesotho– South Africa (review current National WR South Africa (review current National WR
Strategy which stands for an IWRM PlanStrategy which stands for an IWRM Plan– Zimbabwe ( same as South Africa)Zimbabwe ( same as South Africa)
And so what!And so what! IWRM should contribute to overall well being of IWRM should contribute to overall well being of
our people and should take place in a context of a our people and should take place in a context of a favourable socio-economic and political favourable socio-economic and political environment.environment.
IWRM is not therefore a magical solution, but a IWRM is not therefore a magical solution, but a contribution to a new way of doing things in a contribution to a new way of doing things in a framework that recognises that framework that recognises that water is key to water is key to the development of Southern Africa. the development of Southern Africa.
IWRM will remain an iterative process…IWRM will remain an iterative process…
If IWRM is to make a changeIn our people’s livesThen the journey has just started…