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Reading 6 SOL Review Packet

Directions: Read the article and answer the questions that follow.

Animal Play1 What do a ball-tossing rhinoceros, a backflipping monkey, and a somersaulting badger have in

common? Just like children, animals enjoy playing. Lion cubs love to wrestle. They take turns playing the predator and the prey. Young mountain goats run, leap, and twist in the air. Youthful zebras skip, kicking their hind legs for no obvious reason. Baby animals spend countless hours and large amounts of energy at play.

Understanding Animal Play2 Scientists have studied animal play for many years. Two leaders in this field of research are John

Byers of the University of Idaho and Marc Bekoff of the University of Colorado. They describe animal play as actions that have a purpose but do not seem meaningful. For example, kittens at play may use the same movements as adult cats use when they are hunting, but the kittens are not really stalking prey. Much research has been done on young animal play and adult activities. Since the 1800s, scientists have recognized that young animal play is practice for adult behavior. Today this play is roughly divided into four different groups. In the article “Jungle Gyms: The Evolution of Animal Play,” Alex Hawes discusses these four groups. They are locomotor play (which refers to the movements animals carry out in their play), predatory play, object play, and social play.

Locomotor Play3 Running, leaping, turning, and heel kicking are some of the most common examples of animal play.

These movements resemble similar actions of adult animals. However, when carried out by a young animal, the actions do not have the same purpose or goal as they would for an adult animal. An adult deer may run, leap, and twist to escape its attackers. Young deer run, leap, and twist just for fun, without being chased. Play movements like these train young animals to be alert and fast. Someday these skills might help save their lives.

Predatory Play4 Stalking, pouncing, and biting are examples of animal play that

help young predators prepare for a life of chasing and catching prey. Wild cats, wolves, and bears are predators. Seeing young cats, pups, and cubs engage in this type of play with their peers is common. This hunting play sharpens the animals’ skills and teaches them about their strengths and limitations.

Object Play5 For children, playing with toys is both fun and educational. Toys

help children learn in new ways. Playing with toys can improve a child’s hand and eye movements as well as develop hand skills to accomplish tasks. For many young animals, playing with toys or objects accomplishes the same goals. Young chimpanzees improve their hand skills while playing with sticks. Birds also play with objects in ways that teach. Swallows drop and recover feathers in midair. Swooping down to catch the feathers is good practice for catching flying insects, one of the birds’ favorite snacks.

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Social Play6 Playing helps animals learn how to behave when they encounter other animals. Wrestling or

playing a game of tag may seem very innocent among young animals. In fact, this play can help prepare the animals for unfriendly situations they will meet as adults. Social play also teaches animals about communication. An animal gives signals to let another animal know it wants to play. Many animals give signals by showing a “play face.” In some ways this face is like a human smile; the animal holds its mouth in a relaxed and open manner. During play-fights, some animals may crouch or bow to signal that they are playing and not acting seriously. Bold but relaxed paw movements are another signal of animal play.

7 Many young animals engage in playful acts that help prepare them for serious adult situations. The numbers of playful species and examples of animal play are vast. The purpose of animal play may have meanings scientists have not yet discovered. As researchers continue to study this fascinating field, we are just beginning to understand what might be behind the playfulness of young animals.

1. In paragraph 1, the words “ball-tossing,” “backflipping,” and “somersaulting” create an image of —F wild confusionG aimless activityH lively motionJ sincere concern

2. Read this sentence from paragraph 1.

Adding the suffix -less to the word count makes a word that means —A counted oftenB counted incorrectlyC needing to be countedD not able to be counted

3. Which question is answered in paragraph 5?F How are animals and children different?G Which types of insects do birds prefer to eat?H What do animals learn from toys and other items?J What kinds of games do chimpanzees play with sticks?

4. Based on paragraph 6, a “play face” is —A a type of signal between animalsB a name for an animal game of tagC an action that is taught to an animalD an activity that usually involves adult animals

Baby animals spend countless hours and large amounts of energy at play.

5. What may the reader best predict from paragraph 7?F Scientists will continue to investigate the meanings behind animal play.G Adult animals will also be able to learn a great deal from playful activities.H The way young animals play will soon be no different from the way adult animals play.J Fewer researchers will be interested in studying animal play in the future.

6. Based on the article, which words best describe locomotor play among young animals?A Stalking, pouncing, bitingB Leaping, twisting, runningC Swooping, dropping, catchingD Crouching, bowing, wrestling

7. According to the article, the skill of moving quickly is important for animals to learn because it —F will make them more powerful physicallyG could make their chases more excitingH will cause their peers to follow themJ could help to save their lives in the future

8. According to the article, one way young animals and young humans are alike is that both groups —A play with the same kinds of toysB send specific signals to their peersC play in four different waysD enjoy spending time at play

9. The main purpose of this article is to — PIE!F persuade the reader to treat animals with respectG inspire the reader to study more about animalsH entertain the reader with interesting animal storiesJ inform the reader about various animal behaviors

10. Which book would be most useful for learning more about how different species of birds use object play?A Rare Birds of AustraliaB Understanding How Birds ActC Caring for Baby Birds: A ManualD Flying Free: The History of the Bald Eagle

Directions: Match the correct figurative language term with the definition.

A. Figurative Language

B. Literal Language

C. Imagery

D. Simile

E. Metaphor

F. Hyperbole

G. Personification

H. Alliteration

I. Onomatopoeia

____A____ 1. Creates a picture in the reader’s mind, NOT literal

____C____2. Creates a picture in the reader’s mind by using sensory details

____G____ 3. Gives an object or animal a human-like characteristic

____H____ 4. Repetition of beginning sounds

____B____ 5. Means exactly what it says

____D____ 6. Compares two objects using “like” or “as”

_____F___ 7. Intentionally exaggerated

_____E___ 8. Compares objects without using “like” or “as”

_____I___ 9. A word that imitates a sound

Directions: Match the poetic term to its definition. Write the letter in the space provided.

____G__1. Limerick A. Repetition of similar sounds at the end of lines

___D___2. Stanza B. Repeated use of sounds, words, or ideas for effect or emphasis

___H___3. Haiku C. The beat of the poem

___A___4. Rhyme D. A group of lines within a poem set off by a space (like a paragraph)

___E___5. Ballad E. Songlike poem that tells a story with elements of rhyme, rhythm,

and refrain/chorus

___C___6. Rhythm F. Poetry without rules

___B___7. Repetition G. A funny five lined poem with rhyme (AABBA) and rhythm

____F__8. Free Verse H. A 3 lined poem with 17 syllables (5-7-5) usually about nature

___I___9. Rhyme Scheme I. Pattern of rhyme in a poem represented by letters in alphabetical

order

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Directions: Read the following poem. Use the poem to answer questions 1 – 4.

We have a secret, just we three,The robin, and I, and the sweet cherry-tree;The bird told the tree, and the tree told me,

And nobody knows it but just us three.

But of course the robin knows it best,Because she built the—I shan't tell the rest;And laid the four little—something in it—

I'm afraid I shall tell it every minute.

But if the tree and the robin don't peep,I'll try my best the secret to keep;

Though I know when the little birds fly aboutThen the whole secret will be out.

Source: The Golden Book of Poetry (1947)

1) Find two examples of figurative language in the third stanza.

Example from Stanza Three Type of Figurative Language

a. But if the tree and robin don’t peep Personification

b. Peep onomatopoeia

2) What is the secret in the poem?a. The robin has laid eggs and is expecting baby birds.b. The robin is planning to attack the cherry tree. c. The cherry tree plans on kicking the robin out. d. The narrator is afraid every minute

3) Why is the narrator having trouble keeping the secret?a. The narrator is upset and worried about the futureb. The narrator is excited about what is about to happenc. The narrator is sad for the robin and needs to help themd. The narrator feels the tree and the robin are in trouble

4) Identify the sense that is being appealed to in the following sentence:The wind whistled through my patio screen. a. Sound b. Smell c. Sight d. Taste

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e. Touch 5) Revise the following sentence to include an example of imagery (using sensory details).

The cookie was good. Your revised sentence:

_____________Answers will vary__________________________________________________________________________

6) What sense did you appeal to in your revised sentence? _____________________________________________

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Directions: Read the following poem, and use it to answer questions 7 – 8.

There once was a man named Leewho decided to climb a tree.Suddenly a branch snappedand there was a loud gasp

Now Lee has a hospital fee.7) What type of poem is this?

a. Limerickb. Haikuc. Free Versed. Ballad

8) Which two reasons defend your answer to #7?a. The poem follows no rules and makes no sense.b. The poem is funny and it rhymes.c. The poem tells a story and follows no rules.d. The poem is 17 syllables and is about nature

Directions: Use the types of poetry in the word bank to help answer questions 1 – 12.

haiku ballad free verse limerick

1. What type of poem is the poem below? ____________________________________free verse__________________

Licking a lolly slowly,sunlight lapping at the lazy lake.

Lovely evening,lovely lolly,

lazy life.

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2. Prove your answer to 1! How do you know the type of poem? ________no rules______________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What type of poem is the poem below? ________________________________ballad______________________

It's a month now into springAnd still the rain pours down

Hey, is it ever going to endThere's many here that frown

They want the sunny weatherThat will come soon enough

But right now, I'm enjoying itRain, I love the stuff.

Next week we're off on holidayNow it really does rain there

And I'll love very bit of itAs it soaks up everywhere

To hear it's rhythm on the roofIt makes me feel so grand

Though many think that I am strangeThey just don't understand

They want the sunny weatherThat will come soon enough

But right now, I'm enjoying itRain, I love the stuff.

So keep that rain a coming downLet me feel it's soft, wet touch

I don't know what is wrong with meBut I love rain so much.

4. Prove your answer to 3! How do you know the type of poem?

__________________________________________

____________tells a story, repetition, refrain, rhyme, song like________________________________________________

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5. What type of poem is the poem below? ___________________haiku___________________________________

The leaves are changingorange, yellow, red and brown

fall is coming soon.


__________________________________________

_________________________________________17 syllables, 5,7,5 and about nature___________________________________

7. What type of poem is the poem below? __________________limerick____________________________________

There once was a lady named Sue AWho had nothing whatever to do A

And who did it so badly BI thought she would gladly B

Have stopped before she was through. A

8. Prove your answer to 7! How do you know the type of poem? ___AABBA, funny, rhyme___________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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9. What type of poem is the poem below? _____________free verse_________________________________________

I run to reach home plate,With my bat, wind whistling through me.

When I get up to bat, salty sweatIs running down my face and neck.

The pitcher throws the ball.I can see it gliding through

The air like a plane, but my bat isReady, hands back, the ball almost here.

I can tell it is a strike, so I throwmy hands toward the ball

Then Bam!

The ball goes all the wayTo the fence, and I am running

The bases, my face beet red.It is a triple to score in the last

Run to win the ball game.The crowd goes crazy.

10. Prove your answer to 9! How do you know the type of poem? ________________________________________

_________________________________________________no rules____________________________________________________

11. What type of poem is the poem below? ______________________________limerick________________________

There once was a Martian named ZedWith antennae all over his head.

He sent out a lotOf di-di-dash-dot

But nobody knows what he said.


_____________________________________________ AABBA,, funny, rhyme ________________________________________

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Directions: Identify the rhyme scheme of the poems in questions 13 – 14 by writing it on the lines provided.

13. It's a month now into spring ___A____And still the rain pours down ___B____Hey, is it ever going to end ___C____There's many here that frown ___B____

They want the sunny weather ___D____That will come soon enough ____E___But right now, I'm enjoying it ____F___Rain, I love the stuff. ___E____

14. There once was a lady named Sue ___A____ Who had nothing whatever to do ____A___ And who did it so badly ___B____ I thought she would gladly ___B____ Have stopped before she was through. ___A___

Directions: Match the correct definition to the type of organizational pattern.

1. ____C____ Problem-Solution a. describes a word/concept using examples and descriptions

2. ____D____ Sequence (Chronological) b. examines how two things are alike or how they are different

3. ___B_____ Compare/Contrast c. examines an issue and how it was resolved

4. ____E____ Cause/Effect d. puts facts, events, or concepts in order of occurrence

5. ____A____ Generalization e. reasons for an event as well as the results of that event

Directions: Read the signal words and choose the correct type of organizational pattern.

# Signal Words Type of Organizational Pattern

6.problem, issue, solution, solved, resolved

Problem/solution

7.is (was, are), for example, for instance, in fact, can be defined as Generalization

8.as a result, the causes, the results of, the effects of, thus, therefore, consequently, due to, in order to Cause/effect

9.first, second, third, after that, next, after awhile, several years later, during, finally, soon, specific dates (1982, 2013)

Sequence (chronological)

10.both, similar to, alike, same, as well as, different from, on the other hand, unlike, like Compare/contrast

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Generalization Sequence (Chronological) Compare/contrast

Cause/effect Problem/solution

Directions: Read the passages and choose the correct graphic organizer and organizational pattern. Highlight the signal words you can find. Use the passages to fill in the corresponding graphic organizers.

A. First, Manny makes a pile of snowballs. Next, he goes to his friend’s house and knocks on the door, then quickly runs back into his own yard. He stands next to the snowballs. The door opens, and his friend Wes steps onto his front porch. Manny throws a snowball, and it hits Wes on the leg. Wes jumps and runs to the other side of the yard, where another snowball hits him. Manny laughs. Wes makes a snowball and throws it at Manny. The boys throw the snowballs back and forth. Then, Wes’ sister, Mindy, walks onto the porch. Manny throws a snowball that hits her on the arm. Mindy grabs a handful of snow, makes a large snowball, and throws it. It hits Manny! The three kids continue with the snowball fight until finally Manny yells, “Stop!” All three kids laugh and wipe the snow off of their clothes. Lastly, Manny invites Wes and Mindy over to his house for hot chocolate.

Graphic organizer #______3________

Organizational Pattern____________chronological/sequence_____________________________

B. Shenandoah Salamanders, native to Virginia, are rapidly disappearing. Some people are trying to solve this problem. Otherwise, these salamanders may one day exist only in zoos. People are trying to save the areas where the salamanders live. It will take many people working together to solve this problem.

Graphic organizer #_____5________

Organizational Pattern___________________problem/solution________________________

C. Jessica and John are brother and sister, and they are alike in many ways. They both play soccer, love to read, and have names that begin with the letter “J.” However, they are also different in some ways. Jessica likes country music, and her favorite food is macaroni and cheese. John hates country, but loves classical music. His favorite food is pizza.


Organizational Pattern___________compare/contrast________________________________

D. In the 1960s, many movies were made about karate, a martial art, and people became very interested in it. As a result, many new karate schools opened to allow students to learn more about the martial art. Also, the sales of nunchucks (a weapon that was often use in karate movies) increased by 400%! Unfortunately, another effect was that head injury cases also went up.


Organizational Pattern__________cause/effect_________________________________

E. Volcanoes are a feared and destructive force for good reason. A volcano is like a pressure valve for the inner earth. Way deep beneath the Earth’s bed rock is the magma chamber. The conduit connects the

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magma chamber to the outer world and usually runs from the bottom to the top of the volcano. Volcanoes are a beautiful and dangerous natural phenomenon.


Organizational Pattern___________generalization________________________________

Natural phenomenon like a pressure valve for the inner earth

Beautiful and dangerous

Feared and destructive forces

1

Cause

Many movies were about karate in the 1960’s and people became interested in it.

Effect

- Many new schools opened to teach karate

- Sales of nun chucks increased by 400%

- Head injuries increased as a result

2

Volcanoes

He goes to a friend’s house They have a snowball fight They all play and laugh

Manny makes a pile of snowballs Manny throws the snowballs at Wes Manny throws a snowball at Mindy

Problem

Shenandoah Salamanders are rapidly disappearing and may exist only in zoos

Solution

People are trying to save the areas where they salamanders live.

3

4

5

Directions: Match each term to its correct definition.

___B___ 1. conflict

___C___ 2. internal conflict

___A___ 3. external conflict

A. A problem that happens outside of the character.

B. The main problem or struggle in the story that the main character faces.

C. A problem that happens within the character’s mind.

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Directions: Read each sentence below. Then, write whether the conflict is internal or external.

___________Internal_______ 4. Lauren makes a decision about where she will go to college.

___________External_______ 5. Bobby and his sister fight over which movie to watch.

___________External_______ 6. Jess and Rohan battle a ghost that is haunting their attic.

___________Internal_______ 7. Sara thinks about what color to paint her nails.

____ _____External_______ 8. Alex’s lacrosse game is cancelled because of a severe thunderstorm.

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Directions: Read the passage below, and answer the questions that follow. (rays like “the sun”)

Ray wakes him up in the morning, and glances at the clock. It is almost 8:00 – school starts in fifteen minutes, and he’s going to be late! He quickly brushes his teeth and gets dressed while his dad makes him breakfast to eat on the way to school. They hop in the car, and Ray’s dad drives quickly. They pull up in front of the school, and Ray and his dad look at each other, confused. There is no one at the school! Ray’s dad laughs, and Ray starts laughing too. There is no one at school because it is Saturday! They drive home, laughing the whole way.

9. What is the main conflict in the passage? ____________Ray________ vs. ____________self_____________

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Problem

Shenandoah Salamanders are rapidly disappearing and may exist only in zoos

Solution

People are trying to save the areas where they salamanders live.

10. What type of conflict is this? INTERNAL (unsure/confused) EXTERNAL

Directions: Use the word bank to complete the definitions in the questions below.

1. ________________theme___________ is the universal lesson or message of the story.

2. ________________plot_____________ is the sequence of events in a story.

3. ________________conflict_________ is the main problem or struggle in the story that the main character

faces.

4. ________________setting____ _____ is the time and place of the story.

5. _________ ___resolution_________ is the end or conclusion of the story.

6. _______________climax___________ is the most intense part of the story, where the character comes face to

face with his/her conflict.

7. _____________internal___________ is conflict that happens within a character’s mind.

8. ______________external__________ is conflict that happens outside of a character.

Directions: Complete the two formulas for main idea and summary.

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conflict theme plot external

setting internal resolution climax

________________topic______________________ + ___________so what_________________ = Main Idea

Directions: Read the passage and answer the questions below.

The Bermuda Triangle1 An area off the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States has quite the reputation. Known

informally as the “Bermuda Triangle,” to some people, it is a place where ships and planes disappear for no reason. To others, it is not remarkable at all – except for the stories that surround it.

2 One of the most famous stories concerns the “ghost ship,” the Mary Celeste, which was found floating without a crew in 1872. The ship appeared undamaged, and the cargo was intact; nothing was ruined or broken. In addition, there was enough food and water on board for six months. No one has ever figured out what happened to the crew members, but some have blamed their disappearance on mysterious forces in the Bermuda Triangle, even though the ship was found off the coast of Portugal – nowhere near the Bermuda Triangle. The problem may be that some people confused the ghost ship with another ship, the Maria Celestia, which struck a reef off the coast of Bermuda in 1864 and sank.

3 The “supernatural” area got its name in 1964 when a magazine printed a story called “Bermuda Triangle.” The article was about five U.S. Navy planes that left Florida on a routine training mission in 1945 and were never seen again. The name stuck, and from then on, stories and legends about the Triangle grew. People started telling about disappearances related to sea monsters, extraterrestrials, strange magnetic forces, and even giant quantities of methane suddenly bubbling up from the ocean. Weird theories continue, but many scientists say reality is more boring. Storms, human error, poor design of ships and planes, and bad luck may have more to do with the disappearances than anything else has.

4 In a 2003 National Geographic News article, a historian with the U.S. Naval historical Foundation explained that the Bermuda Triangle is in a part of the ocean that has been a busy trading route for hundreds of years. He said, “To say quite a few ships and airplanes have gone down there is like saying there are a lot of car accidents on the New Jersey Turnpike.”

5 People love a good mystery, so the stories are likely to continue. The greatest mystery may be this: Is there really any mystery at all to the disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle?

1. What is the topic of the passage?a. United Statesb. Atlantic Coastc. Bermuda Triangled. Mary Celeste

2. So what? What is the main idea of the passage? (use one complete sentence)

____main idea__________________________ + _______details_________________________ = Summary

___There are many reasons people disappear in the Bermuda Triangle._______________________________

3. What would be the best title for the passage? (should NOT be a complete sentence)

________The Bermuda Triangle Mystery_________________________________________________________

4. List three details that support the main idea.

a. ___________Storms_________________________________________________________________________

b. ___________Human error___________________________________________________________________

c. ___________Bad design of the ships________________________________________________________

5. Using the main idea and supporting details, create a one sentence summary.

People may disappear in the Bermuda Triangle for many reasons such as storms, human error or the bad designs of ships.

Directions: Match each term with the correct definition.

1. ____G__ persuasion A. Reasons that your audience may disagree with you.

2. ____D__ fact B. The author’s reason for writing (P.I.E.).

3. ____B__ author’s purpose C. The person our group being persuaded.

4. ___F___ opinion D. Information that can be proven.

5. ___H___ author’s tone E. Statement that encourages the audience to take specific action in support of the author’s cause.

6. ____A__ opposition F. A belief that cannot be proven right or wrong.

7. ____C__ audience G. To influence the reader to believe or do what the author suggests.

8. ___E___ call to action H. Used to express the author’s additude or viewpoint toward a subject through their word choice.

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Directions: Read the letter below, and use it to answer questions 1 – 3.

1. Which of the sections in the letter above is the audience?a. Loudoun County b. Dear Dr. Williams,c. Competitive Sportsd. Sincerely, Samuel Johnson

2. Which of the sections in the letter above is the opposition?a. Therefore, you should allow sports teams in all Loudoun County middle schools.b. but the benefits will make it worth the extra cost!c. Sports at middle schools will provide students with a way to get regular exercise,d. I know that you may think it will cost too much money,

3. Which of the sections in the letter above is the call to action?a. I believe we should have sports teams in Loudoun County middle schools, so that students

can compete against students in other middle schools. b. Therefore, you should allow sports teams in all Loudoun County middle schools.c. Also, being able to start playing competitive sports in middle school will allow kids to have

a few extra years of great practice.d. Sports at middle schools will provide students with a way to get regular exercise.

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4. The author’s reason for writing is called –a. persuasion

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Dear Dr. Williams,

I believe we should have sports teams in Loudoun County middle schools, so that students can compete against students in other middle schools. I know that you may think it will cost too much money, but the benefits will make it worth the extra cost! Sports at middle schools will provide students with a way to get regular exercise, which is important to stay healthy. Also, being able to start playing competitive sports in middle school will allow kids to have a few extra years of great practice. Therefore, you should allow sports teams in all Loudoun County middle schools.

Sincerely, Samuel Johnson

b. author’s purposec. author’s tone

5. Author’s purpose is easy as P.I.E.! What does P.I.E. stand for?

P: ____________persuade_______________________________

I: _____________inform_________________________________

E: _____________entertain______________________________

Directions: Write “F” for fact beside the statements below that are facts. Write “O” for opinion beside the statements below that are opinions.

____F___ 1. Richmond is the capital of Virginia.

____O___ 2. Six Flags is a family-friendly theme park.

____O___ 3. Wolves are more exciting than Grizzly bears.

_____F__ 4. Wolves are mammals.

_____F__ 5. Thomas Jefferson was the third president of the United States.

_____O__ 6. James Patterson, author of the Middle School series, is a talented author.

_____O__ 7. George Washington was the best president the United States has ever had.

_____O__ 8. Beyoncé is a better singer than Ariana Grande.

_____O__ 9. Lebron James is the greatest basketball player of all time.

_____F__ 10. Jennifer Lawrence starred in the movie The Hunger Games.

_____F__ 11. There are deserts in Africa.

_____O__ 12. The cleaner your room is, the better it looks.

Directions: Read the passages below, and answer the questions that follow.

A habitat is where plants and animals live. Did you ever think that your own backyard could be a wildlife habitat? When you plant trees, shrubs, or build small ponds in your yard to make it more attractive, you are also creating a habitat where birds and other animals can find food or make their homes. Wildlife can live almost anywhere.

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As good managers of our backyards, our task is to maintain a healthy, living community. It doesn’t matter if the environment is a small patch of green space in an urban setting, a backyard in the suburbs, or a sprawling farm or orchard. The space can become a better home for the wildlife already living there and a home for new wild neighbors.

1. What inference can you make based on the information in the first paragraph?a. Wildlife hides in backyards.b. Concrete, bricks, and tar are not a good habitat for most wildlife.c. Animals do not live in backyards.d. People should plant trees and shrubs to make homes for wildlife.

2. Based on the information in the second paragraph, a reader can infer that --a. good managers live on farms.b. little wildlife is found in cities.c. habitat quality is more important than habitat size.d. animals prefer habitats that have a lot of fruit.

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Sara sits in the back of the covered wagon as it bumps along the rocky road. She and her family are moving to a new town in Kansas, where her dad bought land to farm. She and her parents left all of their friends and family in Virginia. They carry the few things that they brought with them in their covered wagon. Five other families are going with them in wagons of their own. It is a long trip over rough land. Sara is exhausted because she has walked with her dad all morning. Now, she is resting in the wagon. Her mom drives the horses, and the wheels bump and rattle. Sara wonders what her new home may be like. She leans back on some blankets, and hopes to take a nap before they stop to eat lunch.

3. What word best describes Sara and her family? Underline evidence in the story that supports your answer.

a. angryb. sillyc. brave

4. Based on Sara’s actions in the story, make a prediction about what she will most likely do next.

a. Sara will cry, complain, and demand to return to her friends and family in Virginia.b. Sara will work hard with her mother and father to make their new farm a success.c. Sarah will run away from her family to start a new life of her own.

5. What can the reader conclude about the trip, based on the narrator’s description? Circle evidence in the story that supports your answer.

a. The trip is quick and easy.b. The trip is difficult and tiring.c. The trip is exciting and fun.

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Eddie sat on the edge of his seat as his mother drove up the street toward their house. He was thinking how good it would be to be home at last. As Mrs. Wilson turned into the driveway, everything seemed strangely unfamiliar to Eddie. The grass certainly needed mowing! The driveway was covered with leaves. As soon as Mrs. Wilson stopped the car, she asked everyone to carry in a suitcase. The family walked up to the front door. There was a large stack of newspapers on the front porch .

6. What conclusion can you draw from the information in the paragraph? Underline evidence in the story that supports your answer.

a. The Wilsons do not take very good care of their yard.b. The Wilsons do not read the newspaper.c. The Wilsons have been away on a trip.

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Directions: Read the passages and the statements below. Write “I” on the line before the statement if you had to make an inference. Write “P” if the statement is right on the page.

7. Marshmallow plants grew wild in Europe. They were found in marshes along the coast. When the first settlers came to North America, they brought the seeds of the marshmallow plant with them. The seeds dropped to the ground. They began growing. Soon marshes along the coastline of North America had many marshmallow plants.

___I__ a. The marshes in Europe are like marshes in North America.

___P__ b. Marshmallow plants grew wild in Europe.

___P_ c. Marshmallows came to North America with European settlers.

8. A marshmallow plant grows very tall. Its leaves are a soft grayish-green. Beautiful pink or lavender flowers, about the size of a quarter, bloom on the plant late each summer. The long white root of the marshmallow looks something like a carrot. The root is the part of the plant that was used to make medicine.

___I__ a. You won’t find marshmallow flowers in May.

___I__ b. The flowers are not useful for making medicine.

___P__ c. A marshmallow plant is tall.

Directions: Match the correct external text structure to its purpose.

1. _____A____ external text structures

2. _____G___ graphics

A. designed to make reading easier

B. under a photograph and tells you the details of the picture

SECTION 15

3. _____H___ photograph

4. _____B____ caption

5. _____D____ heading

6. _____I____ subheading

7. _____C____ bold

8. _____E___ italics

9. _____F____ sidebar

C. informs the reader of key words/vocabulary

D. top of the page and explains the central topic or theme

E. slanted font and used to make a word stand out

F. a box that gives extra information on a topic

G. a visual representation of data or numbers

H. a real-life picture representing information from the text

I. used to clarify or divide the text under a title or heading

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