A Christmas CarolBy Charles Dickens

Adapted by John Mortimer

DECEMBER 2, 3, 4 AND 8, 9, 10, 11

Produced by special arrangement with Samuel French, Inc. New York City.

Please turn off all cell phones, pagers, and alarms.

In order to protect the professional integrity of Elements Theatre Company, no photography or recording of this performance is allowed.

A NOTE FROM THE DIRECTOR

Dear Friends,

Dickens seemed to live by the same motto as Mahatma Ghandi, “Be the change you want to see in the world.”

His writings are full of heart, full of his concern for the city he loved, full of compassion for the people he saw suffering every day. He was a man of his time, writing for his time and driven to remove the social scars he saw building.

It is our delight and pleasure as a theatre company to have the experience of A Christmas Carol as a part of our history; a piece beloved for almost 170 years; a piece that has offered hope and the possibility of redemption; a piece that reminds us it is never too late and we can change even in the latter hours of our day.

Therefore we, at Elements Theatre Company, wish to say, A Merry Christmas to All and God Bless us everyone!

Have a great evening!

A Christmas CarolTHE CAST

Chorus Heather Catlin, Vicky Kanaga, Kyle Norman, Peter Haig, Sarah Hale, Jeremy Haig, Lindsey Kanaga, Rachel McKendree, Kate Shannon

CarolersSr. Sharon Hunter, Kathy Schuman, Sr. Phoenix Marcella Catlin, Wendy Saran, Amanda Schuman, Luke Norman, Br. Jacob Witter, Br. Nathanael Reese, Br. Paul Norman

Brass Mark Albro TrumpetPaul Tingley TrumpetSr. Marianne Wierzbinski French HornJim Pfieffer TromboneBr. Christopher Swidrak TubaDrum Kyle NormanFiddler Br Matthew Gillis

Act I (In order of appearance)Ebenezer Scrooge Brad LussierBob Cratchit Br. Stephen VelieFred, Scrooge’s nephew Kyle NormanFirst Portly Gentleman Peter HaigSecond Portly Gentleman Luke Norman

Tiny Tim Jacob OrtolaniJacob Marley’s Ghost Chris KanagaThe Spirit of Christmas Past Sr. Danielle DwyerFarm Folk Ellen Ortolani, Heather CatlinHeadmaster Chris KanagaChild Scrooge Dane OlsenRobinson Crusoe/Parrot Sarah HaleFan, Scrooge’s sister Heather CatlinYoung Scrooge Jeremy Haig, Kyle Norman

Fezziwig Peter HaigDick Wilkins, Fezziwig’s other apprentice Br. Stephen VelieMrs. Fezziwig Vicky KanagaFezziwig’s Children and Friends Sarah Hale, Lindsey Kanaga, Heather Catlin, Jeremy HaigBelle, once engaged to Scrooge Ellen OrtolaniBelle’s Daughter Heather CatlinFirst Child Solomon OlsenSecond Child Lily SchumanBelle’s Husband Peter Haig

Act IIThe Spirit of Christmas Present Chris KanagaPeter Cratchit Gabriel OlsenMartha Cratchit Sarah HaleMrs. Cratchit Ellen OrtolaniBelinda Cratchit Hannah Tingley2 young Crachit children Dane Olsen, Lily SchumanFred’s Wife Lindsey KanagaTopper Peter HaigMiss Rosie, the Plump Sister Sr. Danielle DwyerGuest Vicky KanagaFirst Businessman Kyle NormanSecond Businessman Ellen OrtolaniThird Businessman Jeremy HaigFirst Important Man Peter Haig2nd Important man Luke NormanOld Joe, a receiver of stolen property Chris KanagaMrs. Dilber, a laundress Vicky KanagaCharwoman Sr. Danielle DwyerAn Undertaker’s Man Heather CatlinThe Spirit of Christmas Yet to Come Kate ShannonBoy Jeremy HaigPoulterer’s Man Br. Jacob WitterFred’s Maid Rachel McKendreeIgnorance Lily SchumanWant Solomon Olsen

PRODUCTION PERSONNEL

Director Sr. Danielle Dwyer

Technical Director Chris Kanaga

Stage Manager Sr. Mercy Minor

Musical Directors Richard Pugsley, David Chalmers

Costumes Michelle Rich, Anna Mitchell, Anne Swidrak, Karlene Albro, Gail Gibson, Jackie Hempel, Suzanne Inomata, Rebecca Lussier, Pam Jordan, Jill Minster, Betsy Sorensen, Sr Alicia Mitman, Roberta Velie, Sr Charity Heath, Karen Cragg

Make-up Sandy Spatzeck-Olsen, Sr Mary Lane, Sr Regina Lynch, Stephanie Haig, Amy Mitchell, Rebecca Lussier, Sheryle Snure, Katie Tingley, Cathy Haig, Barb Cole, Andrew Miao, Blair Tingley, Charity Spatzeck-Olsen, Sharon Tingley, Sr Lucia Smith,

Sarah Andre, Sr. Petra Gibson

Properties Sr. Gabriella Guyer, Br. Mark Bushnell

Lighting John Ingwersen, Steve Witter, Jon Hale

Sound/Video Br. Timothy Pehta, Julie Norman

Set Design Peter Haig, Hans Spatzeck-Olsen

Set Construction Hans Spatzeck-Olsen, Roger Snure, Br Mark Bushnell, Lee Andre, Jesse Haig, Steve Minster, Paul Moore, Julie Norman, Amy Mitchell, Peter McKendree

Set Painting Lexa Hale, Br Mark Bushnell, Roger Snure, Dan Ford, Camie Ford, Stephanie Haig, Julie Norman, Sr Katherine Mary, Charlie McKendree

Interior Decorator Camie Ford

Venue Master Br. Mark Bushnell, Br. Joel Sweet

Stage Crew Sr. Gabriella Guyer, Peter Shannon, Jesse Haig, Br. Matthew Gillis, Steve Minster,

Elements AdministrationArtistic Director Sr. Danielle DwyerAssistant Director Chris KanagaDramaturg Brad LussierAdministration Sr. Alicia MitmanBooking Agent Blair Tingley

We acknowledge musical excerpts from:

BrassDing Dong! Merrily on High—Arranged by John RutterGod Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen—Traditional, Arranged by Wilfred Bob RobertsFour Christmas Carols— by Michael Praetorius, Arranged by Gary OlsonEs ist ein Ros’ entsprungenEn Natus est EmanuelWie schoen leuchtet der MorgensternWexford Carol—Irish Traditional, Arranged by John RutterLord Jesus Hath a Garden—Dutch: 17th Century, Arranged by Stephen DodgsonA Festival of Alfred Burt Carols—Arranged by Hawley AdesGloucestershire Wassail—English traditional carol, Arranged by R. Vaughan WilliamsIn Dulci Jubilo—Old German, Arranged by R. L. PearsallO Come, O Come, Emmanuel—12th CenturySoundscape Music—Arranged by Gloriae Dei Brass 

StringsTune—Sir Roger de CoverleyThe Hawk by James Hill

VocalGod Rest You Merry GentlemenO Come, O Come EmmanuelAngels from the Realms of GloryWassail! Wassail All Over the TownThe Somerset WassailSilent NightWhile Shepherds Watched Their FlocksI Saw Three ShipsPuer Nobis nasciturHark the Herald Angels Sing

ABOUT THE COMPANY

Elements Theatre CompanySince primitive man uttered his first “ugh,” humans have asked: who am I, how did I get here, and where am I going. Some have tried to answer or explore those questions through a particular brand of storytelling called “theatre.” We, at Elements Theatre Company explore those answers, and render the literature of the theatre with imagination and integrity. The transformative work to become the text—to inhabit another world and live another’s life—is both our pleasure and privilege. We believe in the vitality of the word, and the community born between playwright, actor and audience. We seek to be available to that divine moment when inspiration, faithfulness, hard work, and love merge, and transport us beyond the familiar into something new.

Elements Theatre Company has trained with teachers from Shakespeare & Company, Central School of Speech and Drama, Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts, Shakespeare’s Globe, the Royal Shakespeare Company, and London’s National Theatre. The company has studied with Patsy Rodenberg, Joanna Weir-Ouston, Glynn MacDonald and Sue Lefton, and their voice training holds specific emphasis in the Linklater method. The company spent February 2009 in New York City studying voice, improvisation, Shakespeare, and the Michael Chekhov technique with Louis Colaianni, Jane Nichols, Daniela Varon and Lenard Petit.

Elements Theatre Company performs year-round at Paraclete House, and in the Church of the Transfiguration on Cape Cod in Orleans, Massachusetts. They tour regularly, presenting workshops and performing at conferences, schools and churches. Elements has also explored the medium of Readers’ Theatre in productions at the Church of the Transfiguration, including John Masefield’s The Trial of Jesus and The Just Vengeance by Dorothy Sayers.

Danielle Dwyer, CJ • Artistic Director Co-Founder of Elements Theatre Company Sr. Danielle Dwyer earned her Master of Arts Degree from England’s Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and the University of London. She trained in voice, acting, and writing with Joanna Weir at Central School of Speech and Drama (London, England), David Male of Cambridge University (Cambridge, England), and Shakespeare & Company (Lenox, MA). An actress of critical acclaim, Sr. Danielle’s directing experience ranges from Neil Simon’s Rumors to Oscar Wilde’s Lady Windemere’s Fan, and Anton

Chekov’s The Cherry Orchard. She has also co-directed the world premiere of A Quest for Honor: The Wind Opera, and the opera Pilgrim’s Progress by Ralph Vaughan Williams, receiving excellent review from the Boston Globe. She has authored several performance pieces, including short stories and plays, video scripts, poetic monologues, and narratives for worship and meditation. This past year she was writer, co-director and stage manager of Spirit of America’s Instrumental Theatre:in motion production, The Fall and Rise of the Phoenix, and the field show Exploration! which toured South Africa in September. Her recent roles have included: Twelfth Night, Malvolio; The Cherry Orchard, Ranevskaya; Rumors, Chris Gorman; Lady Windermere’s Fan, Mrs. Erlynne; The Lion in Winter, Eleanor; Doctor Faustus, Mephistopheles; Richard III, Queen Elizabeth; Everyman, Everyman; and Lettice and Lovage, Lettice Douffet. Christopher Kanaga • Assistant Director, Technical DirectorChris has performed with Elements Theatre Company since 2002. His experiences as a performer and technical director have taken him from football fields across Massachusetts, to opera houses in South Korea and South Africa, to Elements Theatre Company’s own performance spaces in Paraclete House and the Church of the Transfiguration on Cape Cod. He studied liturgical art and architecture for four years throughout western Europe, and has managed and coordinated international artists and artisans in major architectural art installations of fresco, mosaic, and bronze and stone sculpture. Through his experience, Chris gained proficient skill in set design and construction for the performing arts. Chris was Set Director for the highly praised production of the opera Pilgrim’s Progress by Vaughan Williams. Since 2006 Chris has served as technical director for Spirit of America Band which has included the world-premiere of A Quest for Honor: the Wind Opera in S. Korea; Exploration! in the U.S. and South Africa; and the world premiere of the Instrumental Theatre:in motion production, The Fall and Rise of the Phoenix in South Africa this past September. His recent roles have included: The Lion in Winter, Henry II; Twelfth Night, Feste the Clown; The Cherry Orchard, Lopakhin; Lady Windermere’s Fan, Lord Windemere; Richard III, Lord Rivers.

Brad Lussier • DramaturgBrad earned his AB in English and American Literature from Brown University. He also studied Creative Dramatics for Children at Roger Williams University, and made extensive studies of psychology , earning a Doctorate in Pastoral Counseling from Boston University. All of his knowledge comes into play in his role as Dramaturg: consideration of the integrity of the text, familiarity with various periods and styles, sensitivity to subtext, and attention to accuracy of detail. Brad has performed with Elements since 2001.

PROGRAM NOTES

A Christmas CarolCharles Dickens

I have endeavoured in this Ghostly little book, to raise the Ghost of an Idea, which shall not put my readers out of humour with themselves, with each other, with the season, or with me. May it haunt their houses pleasantly, and no one wish to lay it.

Their faithful Friend and Servant, C.D. December, 1843.

Charles Dickens was thirty-one years old in 1843 when he produced A Christmas Carol at his own expense as a Christmas gift for the world, with lavish binding, gilt edging, and hand-colored illustrations, yet priced at only five shillings a copy (a price that almost everyone could afford). The overnight success of the little book, which continues to this day, has made Dickens a sort of literary Father Christmas: his images of biting cold, snowy London streets, and the traditions of the time—from roasting turkeys and bubbling puddings to the Christmas tree, only recently introduced by Prince Albert—contributed a great deal to the spread of Christmas celebrations around the world. The story has proved timeless; the readings and performances that Carol has received over the years, from family readings by the fireplace, to one-man shows, to major motion pictures, are plentiful, to say the least.

So why do it again? Why does a Christmas story set in the brutal era of Victorian England call us to repeat it, year after year? On the social level, Dickens had specific personal and political intentions that might not apply to every individual in this day and age: reliving the best of his childhood memories, spreading his belief in the necessity of helping the poor, raising the importance of children, to name a few. While 21st century Americans may not face the horrors of debtor’s prison and child labor, the squalor of tenement houses, or a life expectancy of 22 like the lowest classes of 19th century London did, not many are untouched these days by economic uncertainty at some level. And very few of us could not manage to look around, and find someone to whom we could reach out at this time of year.

No doubt charity is a good practice both then and now, and the resolve to give is, in some sense, an easy fix. But Dickens wrote that he hoped to “haunt” people with his Christmas Carol. The characters that he created certainly imbed themselves in our hearts, whether flesh-and-blood like wretched old Scrooge, poor Cratchitt, and innocent Tiny Tim, or more

conceptual, but no less real, like the terrifying personification of Ignorance and Want, and the Three Spirits of Christmas itself. The City of London comes to life with its own personality in Dickens’ story too, not just as scene and setting, but as a watcher and contributor to the lives that run up and down its streets, or sing carols on its corners, seeking shelter from the icy wind and trying to scratch out a living.

But most haunting is the mystery that Dickens creates as he weaves Scrooge’s past, present and future together in such a way, that the tortured, shriveled soul chooses to be reborn. The Three Spirits of Christmas do not erase Scrooge’s past. The pain of the boy deserted at school, the young man too proud to love, and the cruel employer will always be a part of him. But at the bottom A Christmas Carol is a story of redemption: an old miser, past hope it seems, without a friend in the world, gets a chance to start again. Isn’t that what most of us secretly dream of: a clean slate, the means to make amends, finding a way to live differently? When we review our own shortcomings, it seems like an impossibility. But A Christmas Carol tells us that we can.

Join us as we allow ourselves to be haunted once again by Dickens’ tale. In his words, God bless Christmas, and God bless us all, everyone.

Conditions of the poor in Dickens’ London

The nineteenth century saw a huge growth in the population of Great Britain. At the center of this growth was the city of London, bursting with new inventions, new citizens and new problems. A city unprepared for the effects of growth and expansion brought on by the Industrial Revolution. Between the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century, the population of Great Britain tripled and London bore the brunt of that growth.

Large numbers of both skilled and unskilled flocked to the city looking for work, allowing wages to be low, barely above subsistence level. If work dried up, or was seasonal, men were laid off, and because they had hardly enough to live on when they were in work, they had no savings to fall back on. This shortage of both work and money created an environment where the whole family was expected to share the burden of survival.

Children often worked long hours in dangerous jobs and in difficult situations for a very little wage. For example, there were the climbing boys employed by the chimney sweeps; the little children who could scramble under machinery to retrieve cotton bobbins; boys and girls working down the coalmines, crawling through tunnels too narrow and low to take an adult. In these dangerous working environments, accidents and maiming were frequent, resulting in life long injuries.

This explosion of population and the competition for jobs meant people needed to live close to where they worked. A short walk home was welcome as the workday was long and pushed the endurance level of many. Factories and workhouses were in areas where housing was scarce and so what was available become very expensive and overcrowded.

Large houses were turned into flats, tenements, and few landlords were concerned about the upkeep or the condition of these dwellings. In his book The Victorian underworld, Kellow Chesney gives a graphic description of the conditions in which many were living: ‘Hideous slums, some of them acres wide, some no more than crannies of obscure misery, make up a substantial part of the metropolis … In big, once handsome houses, thirty or more people of all ages may inhabit a single room,’

Many people could not afford the rents that were being charged and so they rented out space in their room to one or two lodgers who paid between two pence and four pence a day. Great wealth and extreme poverty lived side by side because of tenements and slums. Henry Mayhew was an investigative journalist who wrote a series of articles for the Morning Chronicle about the way the poor of London lived and worked.

‘. . . the condition of a class of people whose misery, ignorance, and vice, amidst all the immense wealth and great knowledge of “the first city in the world”, is, to say the very least, a national disgrace to us’

In an article by Mayhew published on 24th September 1849, he described a London Street with a tidal ditch running through it, into which drains and sewers emptied. The ditch contained the only water the people in the street had to drink, and it was ‘the color of strong green tea’, in fact, it was ‘more like watery mud than muddy water’. This is the report he gave: ‘

As we gazed in horror at it, we saw drains and sewers emptying their filthy contents into it; we saw a whole tier of door less privies in the open road, common to men and women built over it; we heard bucket after bucket of filth splash into it’.

Death was caused by poor sanitation resulting in disease, but there were also many cases of starvation and destitution. One example of such a report is in 1850 an inquest was held on a 38 year old man whose body was reported as being little more than a skeleton, his wife was described as being ‘the very personification of want’ and her child as a ‘skeleton infant’

Obviously, these conditions affected children as well as adults. There were children living with their families in these desperate situations but there were also numerous, homeless, destitute children living on the streets of London. Many children were turned out of home and left to fend for

themselves at an early age and many more ran away because of ill treatment. About the time of A Christmas Carol, the number of these chldren was close to thirty thousand.

With this many children homeless, crime was at a high rate. Many of these children lived by stealing, and to the respectable Victorians this problem seemed a very real threat to society. One way to deal with this growing problem and to preserve law and order was education. Ragged schools were started to meet this need. The sheer scale of the problem was overwhelming and while education would help, fighting attitudes of the

time would be the largest challenge.

‘The poor were improvident, they wasted any money they had on drink and gambling’;

The idea that God placed a person in their station in life, was very prevalent among the affluent and is clearly demonstrated in a hymn published in 1848 by Cecil Frances Alexander:

The rich man in his castle, The poor man at his gate, God made them, high and lowly, And order’d their estate

As the century progressed the plight of the poor, and of the destitute homeless children, impinged on the consciences of more and more people. Some of this is directly due to the writings of Charles Dickens. While Victorian London was unprepared for the onslaught of human need, the tide was stemmed later on in the century and in this era great philanthropy emerged and many of the modern day charities that still exist were started at this time.

Elements Theater Company would like to thank:

Barbizon Lighting and Greg Norgeot for their generous help with this production, and

Jon Fuller, Locksmith, for the use of his large keys for Marley’s Ghost

Timeline of the Life and Works of Charles Dickens

Nearly everyone, whatever his actual conduct may be, responds emotionally to the idea of human brotherhood. Dickens voiced a code which was and on the whole still is believed in, even by people who violate it. It is difficult otherwise to explain why he could be both read by working people (a thing that has happened to no other novelist of his stature) and buried in Westminster Abbey. George Orwell

Year What was happening

Biography Works

1812 George III reigning monarch. In this decade Charlotte Bronte (1816) and George Eliot (1819) are born

Charles Dickens born Feb. 17th in Portsmouth, England to John and Elizabeth Dickens. He is the 2nd of 8 children.

1824 George IV reigning monarch

Charles’ father imprisoned for debt; Charles sent to work in boot blacking factory and lives with a family friend while the rest of the family joins the father in Prison. Father released after inheriting a small fortune. Charles continues his education and his interest in theater grows.

1826 Beethoven dies At Father’s insistence, and against Mother’s wishes, Charles attends the Wellington House Academy in London.

1827 Becomes office boy at law office; learns shorthand at night.

1829 First London Police force

Becomes free-lance reporter at Doctor’s Commons Courts

1830 William IV reigning monarch

Meets Maria Beadnell and falls instantly in love with her. Maria’s father, a London banker, does not approve of this relationship.

1831 Thinking about becoming an actor, Charles gets an audition at the Covent Garden Theater but has to cancel due to illness.

1832 Successful as short-hand reporter for Parliamentary debates in the House of Commons; begins work as a newspaper reporter.

1833 Maria Beadnell sent to Paris by her father, thus ending her courtship with Charles. He writes of her in Little Dorritt. Charles meets Catherine Hogarth, daughter of music critic for The Morning Chronicle

Dickens’s first written work appears anonymously in Old Monthly Magazine. He writes several more stores that appear over the next several months.

1834 Fire destroys Parliament

Adopts the pseudonym “Boz.” Father again falls into debt and goes after Charles for money. Charles hired as reporter for the Morning Chronicle

The Morning Chronicle’s editor notices Dickens’ writing potential, and encourages him to write more observational pieces. He begins his “Street Sketches”, vignettes of London.

1835 Mark Twain born Becomes engaged to Catherine Hogarth

1836 Hired to create a series of short sketches to accompany humorous sporting illustrations by Robert Seymour. Seymour commits suicide after 2nd series. Dickens expands the sketches into The Pickwick Papers. Marries Catherine Hogarth. Becomes editor of Bentley’s Miscellany, and meets John Forster; later they become best friends.

Sketches by Boz and the first chapters of The Pickwick Papers (a serial novel which runs till November 1837) are published for a shilling each.(Page from the original manuscript)

Year What was happening

Biography Works

1837 Queen Victoria becomes reigning monarch and is so for the remainder of Dickens life.

Becomes full-time novelist; continues to work as a journalist. Sister-in-law, Mary Hogarth, dies in his arms. This has a profound negative effect on Charles who wears one her rings until his death. First child (of ten), Charles Culliford Boz, is born.

The Pickwick Papers begins to appear in monthly parts, eventually becoming a novel. First installment of the serial novel, Oliver Twist is published in Bentley’s Miscellany, which Dickens edits. It runs for 2 years in 24 installments.

1838 Daughter Mary is born and named after beloved sister-in-law

Begins Nicholas Nickleby

1839 Photography invented

Resigns as editor of Bentley’s Miscellany. Daughter Kate is born.

1840 Thomas Hardy born

First installment of “Master Humphrey’s Clock” appears.

1841 Becomes ill and undergoes an operation for a fistula. Son Walter Landor is born.

Barnaby Rudge first appears in serial form through November 1841

1842 Visits Canada and the US for over 5 months and speaks out in favor of international copyright (his works were being stolen by American publishers), and the abolition of slavery.

American Notes appears – in which he criticizes many things, including Americans’ habit of chewing/spitting tobacco. Many Americans are not amused.

Year What was happening

Biography Works

1843 Begins Martin Chuzzlewit – unflattering toward Americans.

1844 Son Francis Jeffrey is born. Dickens and family travel to Italy, Switzerland, and France (through 1847).

A Christmas Carol appears – Dickens’ first Christmas book.The Chimes is published.

1845 Son Alfred Tennyson is born. Returns to England from Italy in July; begins amateur theatre troupe;

The Cricket and the Hearth – third Christmas book – is published.

1846 Pictures from Italy published in Daily News.

1847 Jane Eyre published Son Sydney Smith is born. Begins Dombey and Son in Switzerland (through April 1848).

1848 Writes brief autobiography, writes and acts in small theatrical productions. Sister “Fanny” dies of consumption.

Begins The Battle of Life.Final Christmas book – The Haunted Man – is published.

1849 Son Henry Fielding is born. Begins David Copperfield his most autobio-graphical novel.

1850 Daughter Dora Annie is born. Founds and edits “Household Words.”

1851 The Great Exhibition

Dora Annie dies. Wife suffers a nervous breakdown

Begins Bleak House (appears monthly 1852-1853

1852 Son Edward Bulwer Lytton is born.

Year What was happening

Biography Works

1853 Crimean War begins

Tours Italy. Returns to England to give public readings of his works.

1854 Spends summer and fall with his family in Bologna.

Begins Hard Times (appears through August of that year).

1855 London Sewers modernized

Arrives in Paris with family in October.

Begins Little Dorrit -- a novel about the consequences of debt

1856 Big Ben bell is cast Purchases the estate Gad’s Hill – a childhood dream.

Play The Frozen Deep with Wilkie Collins.

1857 Family spends summer at Gad’s Hill – Hans Christian Anderson visits. Falls in love with actress Ellen Ternan.

1858 Does first paid public readings in London; quarrels with his friend Thackeray; separates from his wife.

1859 London readings continue. Founds All the Year Round.

First installment of A Tale of Two Cities appears (through November).

1860 Family takes up residence at Gad’s Hill. A time of introspection, Dickens burns many of his letters and re-examines David Copperfield.

Begins Great Expectations (through 1861).

1861 Victoria’s husband Prince Albert dies, Hugo’s Les Miserable’s published, American Civil War begins

Begins another series of public readings (through 1862).

1863 Reconciles with Thackeray just before his death.

Year What was happening

Biography Works

1864 Dickens in poor health, because of overworking.

Begins Our Mutual Friend (through 1865).

1865 Alice in Wonderland published

Goes on Paris holiday with Ellen Ternan; gets in train wreck on the way home. Dickens never fully recovers from the trauma.

1867 Goes on American reading tour (through 1868). Takes over editorial duties of All the Year Round.

1868 Continues readings in England and collapses after a mild stroke.

1869 British debtors prisons abolished

Begins The Mystery of Edwin Drood – original plan for the mystery novel is to have 12 installments; only 6 are ever completed.

1870 Final public readings in London. Returns to Gad’s Hill.June 8 – works a full day on Edwin Drood, has a stroke.June 9 – Dickens dies.June 14 – Dickens buried at Westminster Abbey.

Final, unfinished episode of Edwin Drood appears in September.

Music Notes

While today there are many Christmas traditions of decoration, gift-giving and hospitality, there is probably no tradition so beloved as the singing of carols, especially in traveling groups. It is the era of Dickens’ A Christmas Carol that most people think of when describing the great tradition of singing carols while wondering the cold, narrow streets of Victorian England. Many of the carols we sing today come from this era such as God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen and Angels From the Realms of Glory. This latter tune was composed by English organist

Year What was happening

Biography Works

Henry Smart who, though blind, managed to create a high standard of congregational singing with his inspired organ-playing. God Rest found its most popular form in the version by John Stainer, a fine composer of the Victorian era.

Several “carols” in the midst of the play are from a very old tradition that goes back to pre-Christian times. In fact, this tradition of “wassailing” is likely one of the inspirations of the traveling carolers of the 19th century. Wassailing is rather rowdy and boisterous in spirit: traditionally, groups of young men would come into the homes of wealthy neighbors and demand food and drink in a “trick or treat” situation. “Figgy pudding” and “good cheer” were often served and in many instances the young men decided that “we won’t go until we get some_” In this tradition are the carols, Wassail, wassail all over the town, the Somerset Wassail, and perhaps most familiar, Here we come a wassailing. Again, although wassailing is very old, these carols as we hear them date from the 19th century.

One of the most beloved carols is Silent Night. Although the story of how it came about seems to be apocryphal, this delightful piece is really a folksong in the Bavarian/Austrian tradition. These kinds of carols were often composed on the spot for Midnight Christmas Eve services, but here it happens that the charm of the piece, composed by Franz Gruber, made it an instant hit and so it has remained since that Christmas Eve of 1818.

Another tradition of the Victorian era is the parlor song, sung usually by young ladies at social occasions. The Hungarian-born singer/composer Alexander Reichardt wrote Thou Art So Near and Yet So Far in the middle of the 19th century, and it became enormously popular for its nostalgic text and music.

We also include two carols from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Both were popular in the 19th century many arrangements have been made of them. Veni, veni Emmanuel is based on the “O” antiphons sung in the days leading to Christmas and is probably the best-known carol for Advent. Its chant-like tune is of French origin. While Shepherds Watched Their Flocks dates from a bit later period, and the text has been joined to many tunes. We have chosen here a simple tune from the 16th century in England and has a touching simplicity.

As we join together in singing at the conclusion, Hark the Herald Angels Sing is one of the most popular carols and with a great text of Charles Wesley and the memorable music of Felix Mendelssohn, originally from a festival work for male chorus and brass. As we join Scrooge, Tiny Tim and the rest, let us all revel in the joy of singing about the birth of the “new-born King.”

Brass Notes

Christmas is full of the thrilling sound of brass instruments playing in malls, concert halls or churches. The brilliant timbre of the brass helps tune the imagination to the most joyful and hopeful texts of the year. Charles Dickens would most certainly have heard similar sounds, as the evolution of the modern brass family reached one of its most fruitful stages during his lifetime.

Like the stories Dickens wrote, 19th century English brass bands grew out of the struggles of the working class community. Early brass bands were comprised of newly invented keyed bugles, trombones and variously evolved lower brass instruments. A byproduct of industrialization, brass bands formed as a pastime for the communities that rapidly grew up next to the coalmines and factories of the era. With the invention of the piston valve in the early 1800s and the ability to mass produce instruments, the brass band as an ensemble form flourished among the working class and became a signal of solidarity within a community. Soon annual competitions between community bands were formed and today many of those original bands exist and their rivalries in competition are fiercely alive.

Along with traditional Christmas carols our “brass band” will play scene scape music through the play. This music is used to highlight both the very bright emotions and the very somber and serious moments in the play. For example, as the Ghost of Christmas Future points Scrooge toward his death bed (and later his grave), the tuba plays a repeated “heartbeat” motif. Built upon this line are various “moaning dissonances” depicting the anguish of Scrooge, as fragments of the carol “O Come, O Come Emmanuel” hearken to the still present (albeit faint) hope of transformation available to Ebenezer in his most difficult hour.

F Mendelssohn (arr. W. H. Cummings, 1850)

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Paul Tingley

Graphic DesignPhotography

4imprintsAcme United

Algy Team CollectionArmacell

Belden Stratford HotelBlack Swamp Percussion

Cape Cod Orthopaedic/Sports MedicineCaptain Notepad

Chatham Health and Swim ClubCapt. Dick Clark

CoolPencilCase.comCP Lauman

DigimetDoc Marten

Dorchester Awning CompanyEureka Paper MagicCapt. Donald Finlay

Focalpoint Studio, Inc.G. H. Bass

H. H. Snow and Sons, Inc.Hohner, Inc.Hollaender

International Electric SupplyITW Linx

J. D’AddarioJoshua Bell, Inc.

Kayco AccessoriesKelley’s Flowers

Land’s End

Ken’s FoodsKorg

L.L. BeanLittle Inn on Pleasant Bay

LumisourceMusic Mart

Natural Lawns of AmericaNauset Lantern Shop

New Penn MotorNRF Distributors

PensxpressPepsi Co. Warehouse Sales

Pitch PerfectPlywood Door & Manufacturing Corp.

Rehrig PacificR & W Enterprises

Rustoluem CorporationSafetec Platforms

Capt. John ShakliksSpecialty CatalogueSurrounding, Inc.

Suvawear, Inc.Trojan Battery Co. UFP Technologies

Ultratec FXW. T. Hight

Capt. Don WalwerWater-Jel Technologies

World Wood Trading Co.

T h a n k y o u !

Circles of GivingJune 1, 2010 – October 15, 2011

Golden Baton - ($50,000.00 + ) AnonymousMrs. Eleanor D. Bronson-HodgeFedEx CorporationMr. and Mrs. Daniel B. Ford, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. William S. KanagaMr. and Mrs. Richard PriceMrs. Helen G. Spencer

Silver Baton - ($25,000.00 + ) AnonymousMr. and Mrs. Homer J. AllenDr. and Mrs. David C. BurnhamGrace Jones Richardson TrustMr. and Mrs. Clinton KanagaThe Paraclete Foundation, Inc.

Director - ($15,000.00 + ) Mr. and Mrs. John FrenchMr. and Mrs. Shelley Ivey, IIIMs. Ann KanagaMr. and Mrs. Peter B. ShulzeNuveen Benevolent TrustThe Ball Family Trust Benefactor - ($5,000.00 + ) AnonymousBayside Community Mortgage Co.Case Systems, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. A. B. CleverlyMr. and Mrs. Michael K. CliffordMs. Lucille T. CookCol. Dr. and Mrs. Erik D. CraggMr. Frank A. deGanahlMr. and Mrs. Donald DeLudeEstate Of John D. LoganMr. and Mrs. Thad HarveyJoy FoundationKangol Headwear USAMr. & Mrs. J. B. Mackey

Mrs. Barbara ManuelMr. and Mrs. Peter D. NelsonMr. and Mrs. G. L. NormanMr. and Mrs. George D. NormanMr. John S. NuveenMr. and Mrs. Thomas L. PhillipsMr. and Mrs. Richard K. PugsleyDr. and Mrs. Robert RichMr. and Mrs. John H. ShackelfordMr. and Mrs. Todd SutherlandThe Riverside ChurchMr. M.E. UllmanMr. John WhiteheadMr. and Mrs. Stephen C. Witter

Patron - ($1,000.00 + )Acme UnitedAlgy Team CollectionAll CrateArmacellArchitectural Design, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. James J. BombantiMr. and Mrs. Robert BowdenMr. and Mrs. Charles M. BrowerCarolina PadDr. David H. ChalmersMr. and Mrs. David ClarendonCapt. Dick ClarkMrs. James ClaybrookMs. Phyliss ColeCoolPencilCase.comMr. Logan W. CoxCP Lauman Company, Inc.DANSR/VandorenDoc MartenMrs. Mary Lou EhrgottMrs. Stephen B. ElmerEureka Paper Magic GroupCapt. and Mrs. Donald S. Finlay

Mr. John and The Rev. Joan FittzMrs. John D. FullertonMr. and Mrs. R. H. GardnerG. H. BassMr. and Mrs. Ronald L. GoodeHaig's Homes, Inc.Ms. Joan HadlyThe Rev. and Mrs. David HaigMr. and Mrs. Peter HaigDr. and Mrs. Gerre HancockMr. Lloyd HansenMr. and Mrs. Robert HarrisMr. and Mrs. Edward HarrowMr. and Mrs. Robert HealyThe Rev. and Mrs. John HendersonMr. and Mrs. David K. HenryIBM Employee Services CenterIdeastream Consumer ProductsMr. and Mrs. Yoshio InomataITW LINXJ. D'Addario & CompanyMrs. Mary B. JacksonMr. and Mrs. Robert S. JamisonMr. and Mrs. Harlan JessupMrs. Lila JohnsonDr. and Mrs. James E. Jordan, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. Howard KauffmannKenyon IndustriesKorg USAMr. J. A. LaFreniereLand's EndThe Rev. H. A. LaneMr. and Mrs. Andrew D. LappinMr. and Mrs. Richard LarajaLiving Water Retreat CenterL. L. BeanLumisourceMr. and Mrs. Kenneth MacNeilMr. Richard MadlenerMcDonnell Mechanical Services, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Sanford McDonnellMr. and Mrs. Stephen McGillMs. Kathleen McNeil

Mr. and Mrs. James S. MeyerMr. and Mrs. David MinsterMr. and Mrs. Stephen MinsterMr. Andrew MitchellMr. Alfred A. MooreMrs. Betty MurrayMr. and Mrs. Robert MurrayMusic MartNew York Salisbury HotelParaclete Press, Inc.Mrs. J. K. PattersonPDQ PlasticsMr. and Mrs. James PfeifferPitch PerfectPlwyood and Door Manufacturing Corp.Rehrig PacificRobert Bosch Tool CorporationRodman Ride for KidsRustoleum CorporationSafetec PlatformsMs. Nancy Belinda SchmittCapt. John ShakliksSouthwest StringsMr. and Mrs. Soren Spatzeck-OlsenSpecialty CatalogueMr. and Mrs. Phil StambaughTaylor GuitarsThe BreakersThe Lord's FoundationThe Luzerne FoundationThomas Meloy FoundationMrs. Dee TingleyTrojan Battery Co.Turtle Hill VillasUFP TechnologiesThe Rev. and Mrs. Paul V. VargaVelcro USA, Inc.Dr. and Mrs. William M. VelieCapt. Don WalwerWein Family FoundationWendy's Restaurants of Orleans/HyannisWorld Wood TradingMs. Joanne Wuschke

Sponsor - ($500.00 + )4imprintsMs. Pamela AdamsAnonymousBelden Stratford HotelMrs. Herbert H. BierkanBlack Swamp PercussionMr. and Mrs. Richard BonomoMrs. Al BonugliCape Cod Orthopaedic/Sports

MedicineCaptain NotepadMr. Richard CarpenterMs. Percilla A. L. ChappellChatham Health/Swim ClubMr. and Mrs. William ChristopherDigimetDorchester Awning CompanyMrs. Nell C. DoveMr. Brian W. FarnsworthMr. and Mrs. John FlemingFocalpoint Studio, Inc.H. H. Snow & Sons, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. John E. HamersmaMr. and Mrs. John HarterThe Rev. and Mrs. Edward C.

HempelHohner, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. J. D. HolladayHollaenderMr. John IngwersenInternational Electric Supply StoreJoshua Bell, Inc.Kayco AccessoriesKelley’s FlowersKen’s FoodsMr. Lawrence LightMrs. Rebecca LussierMr. and Mrs. Thomas LynchMr. and Mrs. Robert Marks, Jr.Mrs. Shirley McAuliffeThe Rev. and Mrs. Ronald MinorMs. Heather Murray

Natural Lawns of AmericaNauset Lantern ShopNew Penn Motor ExlMs. Julie NormanNRF DisributorsMr. and Mrs. Daniel OrtolaniMr. and Mrs. David OrtolaniPensxpressPepsi Co. Warehouse SalesPriory Books and GiftsR & W EnterprisesMr. and Mrs. Wayne D. SchumanMr. Mike SheedyThe Rev. Dr. and Mrs. William

ShowalterMr. John A. StenSurroundings, Inc.Suvawear, Inc.The Kent FoundationMr. and Mrs. Haskell ThomsonMs. Martha TuttleUltratec FXW. T. HightWater-Jel Technologies

Friend - ($100.00 + )3M Manufacturing3M Promotional MarketsAcademy Ocean GrilleDr. Dale AdelmannAdvanced Lighting and Production

Services, Inc.Agri Mark, Inc.AlconeAlfred Publishing Co.Mr. and Mrs. Mark L. AllenAltec LansingAmerican Museum of Natural

HistoryAmpadMs. Karen A. AndersonAndover Coated ProductsMary Helen Armstrong

Mr. and Mrs. Joseph E. AtenAurora Textile FinishingB & F PlasticsMr. and Mrs. John S. BainBand ShoppeMr. and Mrs. Gerhard BauleTerri BelmoniMs. Joan BennekMr. David BernstonBerry Plastic Corp.Beth BishopMr. Truman BidwellMs. Margaret BiermanBlitz Manufacturing Company, Inc.Blue RhinoBNY Mellon Community PartnershipMs. Josephine BonomoMr. and Mrs. Jeffrey L. BooseMs. Emily BostBoston Duck ToursMs. Dottie BradleyBrazilian GrillMr. and Mrs. Warren BreckenridgeMrs. Lucy BrettBuca’s Italian RoadhouseMr.and Mrs. John E. BuckeyBuckhorn, Inc.Mr. John C. BurnhamMs. Anne BurtonMr. and Mrs. David C. BushnellBuy SeasonsMr. and Mrs. William H. ByrnesCafe AlfrescoCalifoneMr. John W. CallaghanCape CinemaCape Cod ExpressCape Cod Vacuum MartMr. and Mrs. Paul CarpenterMr. and Mrs. David CarsonLouise Belknap CarterMr. and Mrs. Ray CatlinMs. Maureen Cayle

CentrexCharles Leonard, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Fred ChristmasClaire MurrayMs. Joan L. ClarksonMrs. Priscilla A. ClementMr. and Mrs. James E. ClewellMs. Joanne ClinganMr. and Mrs. Lawrence R. CloughMrs. Bernadette CollinsMr. and Mrs. William C. CollyerDr. Kenneth Colmer and Dr. Lori

ZitoColson Caster CorporationMr. and Mrs. Richard B. ColtonCompany CDr. Mercedes ConcepcionConn-Selmer, Inc.Cool ZipsMs. Susan B. CreykeMs. Lynne M. CrismanCritical Tool, Inc.Crystal Motor ExpressCustom Paper Tubes, Inc.D. Lawless HardwareDr. Ivan E. DanhofDan’s Auto RestorationMs. Maggie DavisMrs. Jean DelaneyMr. Ted DenningDiamond AluminumMr. C. Matthews Dick, Jr.Dillion MusicDirector’s Showcase InternationalMr. and Mrs. David DowdyMrs. Homer E. DowdyDrums on SaleMr. David DunfordMr. and Mrs. E. Bruce DunnMr. and Mrs. Gerald P. DwyerEastex Products, Inc.Ellis MusicMrs. Mary E. Emmons

Mrs. Kathleen C. EntwisleExxon Mobil FoundationMr. Charles FarnsworthMr. and Mrs. Donald FarnsworthMs. Anne S. FinleyFitness RevolutionFocus Food Service LLCMr. Russell FordFrancis Malbone HouseFred J. Miller, Inc.Ms. Hope FreemanFriend’s MarketplaceMr. and Mrs. Samuel M. FrohlichMr. Dale FullerFuller’s Package StoreMs. Lynn GallagherMs. Ann GardnerMs. Eileen GayGIA Publications, Inc.Mr. Peter GibsonMr. and Mrs. William L. GladstoneGlorious CreationsMr. Peter GodfreyMr. Jack GoffMr. Howard Goldstein and Mrs. Helen Reardon-GoldsteinGood for the Goose ProductsMrs. Beverly GorgoneMr.and Mrs. Hugh GrantGroth Music Co.Ms. Carol HackettMr. and Mrs. Jesse HaigMrs. Calista L. HarderMr. and Mrs. John HartMr. and Mrs. Michael HaynesHebron of Brevard, Inc.Mr. Scott L. HelfrichMs. Stacey HelfrichMr. and Mrs. Thomas E. HickeyHobgoblin - Stoney EndMr.and Mrs. John T. HodgkinsonMr. and Mrs. John HodgsonHopkins Medical Products

Mr.and Mrs. Leon HoshowerHouse of BatteriesMr. and Mrs. William HuppuchHyannis Ear Nose & ThroatIBM International FoundationIf The Shoe FitsIronclad Performance WearJ. W. Pepper and Son, Inc.Javelina CantinaMr. Mike JensenJohn Martin, Inc.KacesMr. Hamilton KeanMr. and Mrs. Matthew KellettKeson IndustriesMs. Elizabeth KingMr. and Mrs. David KnowlesMr. David and Dr. Rebecca KoniecznyMr. and Mrs. Joseph Laraja, Jr.Mr. and Mrs. David LarkinMr. and Mrs. Thomas A. LaTanziMs. Lydia LealLise LibbyLive Nutrition, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Larry LuxMr. and Mrs. William J. MaloneyMr. and Mrs. Richard ManuelMr. and Mrs. Robert J. MarshallMr. William P. MarshallMr. Steven R. MaskerMr. and Mrs. James M. McDermottMrs. Thomas P. McDermottThe Rev. and Mrs. Allan McDowellMr. and Mrs. Michael V. McKayDr. and Mrs. Ken McKusickMr. and Mrs. Edward J. MeierMr. and Mrs. Franklyn MenserMr. and Dr. Andrew MiaoMid State ManufacturingMrs. Doris A. MinckMr. and Mrs. Steven MinningerMr. and Mrs. Harry L. Mirick

Mrs. Betty MitmanMrs. Gail MoloneyMr. Dunbar MoodyThe Rev. and Mrs. Edward MooreChaplain and Mrs. Henry MoreauRev. Canon and Mrs. C. H. MorrisMotivatorsMueller Sports MedicineMr. John MullaneyMs. Ellen MulroneyMr. Theodore MyerNarragansett Brewing CompanyNational PipeMs. Barbara NeilsonMr. Gerard J. NelsonNew York Carolina ExpressNice Pack PDIMr. and Mrs. Robert NordborgNorthern Safety Company, Inc.NY Hair Co. & SpaMrs. Jane M. OberMr. and Mrs. Francis J. O’BrienMs. Mary Norris Preyer OglesbyOld Colony Holding Company, Inc.Dr. and Mrs. Silvio J. OnestiOrange Tree Golf ResortOrleans Camera & VideoOrleans Cycle ShopOrleans Wine & SpiritsMr. John OusleyOverseas Best Buy, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. Richard PagePapa Gino’sPapillon HelicoptorsMrs. Jane E. ParkerMr. and Mrs. Douglas PattMr. and Mrs. Robert PattonDr. John PautienisPB BoulangerieMr. and Mrs. Richard PearsPencil ThingsMrs. Eleanora Pennekamp

Mrs. Shirley PipherMr. and Mrs. Donald PondMs. Gwen PondPonderosa Landscaping and St. Aubin NurseryMs. Lisa PorterPotted GeraniumPowerhold, Inc.Ms. Janice K. PrattPuritan of Cape CodMs. Delia A. QuinnMr. and Mrs. F. L. QuinnRAB LightingRagg TimeRancho de los CaballerosMrs. Marylou RayMr. and Mrs. Peyton ReedMs. Marilyn ReedyMs. Dorothy RichardsonRIST Wadham’s EnterprisesRobert B. Our Co., Inc.Ross ExpressMr. and Mrs. Harris RoweRS Berkeley InstrumentsMr. and Mrs. Joseph RugnettaSABIC Polymershapes, Inc.Mr. and Mrs. James SampsonSaunders Manufacturing Co.SaxforteSchumacher Electric CorporationMrs. Elizabeth W. SchumanMs. Allison ScillaMr. Robert H. ScottMr. Kevin ScullySears Hometown StoreMs. Anne SeeleyMr. and Mrs. Peter ShannonShelter LogicShugrue’s Hillside GrillMs. Rhona SiegalMr.and Mrs. Edward SinofskyMr. Mitchell SlamowitzSleevetown

Mr. and Mrs. James F. TrainorTravel OasisMr. and Mrs. Henry TrotterTrue Value HardwareMs. Susan TuttleUnited LiquorsUnited TechnologiesUS School SuppliesUSF HollandUshio America, Inc.Mr.and Mrs. Ramon Van SickleDr. J N. VandemoerMr. John VandwerkenVaughn & NelsonMs. Sharon VecseyVer SalesVerifoneVJ Rendano Wholesale Music Co.Voltage ValetW. J. Hagerty & Sons Ms. Susan WangermanMr. John WarrinerMr. Thomas H. WellsMrs. Treva WhichardMs. Jessica WileMs. Bonnie WilkesMrs. Mary June WilkinsonMs. Claudia WillisWindmill Liquor & Fine WinesMr. and Mrs. Paul WoudenbergDr. and Mrs. Robert WygonskiWynton Marsalis EnterprisesYarde MetalsZebra PenMr. and Mrs. David Zemanek

SmartwareMs. Aldana G. SmithMr. and Mrs. Dean SmithMrs. Frank SmithMs. Phyllis F. SmithMr. and Mrs. Stanley SnowMr. and Mrs. Roger L. SnureMr. Jeffrey B. SnyderMr. and Mrs. William SpahrSpang Framing CenterMr. and Mrs. Hans Spatzeck-OlsenSpecialty Builders’ SupplyMr.and Mrs. W. D. SpinglerMr. and Mrs. Mike SquierStanley HardwareStar BriteSteamship AuthorityMrs. Elizabeth StookeySullivan Tire and Auto ServiceMr. and Mrs. Joseph SweeneyMrs. Joan C. SweetMr. Malcolm SweetTerri’s Hair AffairMs. Diane TerryTetra Medical Supply Corp.The Beacon Room RestaurantThe Frame Center, Inc.The Home DepotThe Left Bank GalleryThe Lobster ClawThe Music DenThe Parsonage InnThe Rag CompanyThe Wayside InnThe Wildflower InnThistleMs. Elaine G. ThompsonThe Rev. and Mrs. David ThroopMr. and Mrs. Paul TingleyTop of the HubToy ConnectionMr. Gary Trainor

CALENDAR OF UPCOMING EVENTS

O Come EmmanuelCelebrating Advent into Christmas

with the Organ

Sunday, December 18, 3:30 PM Church of the Transfiguration, Rock Harbor, Orleans

www.gdaf.org

Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night February 2012, New England Tour

PhiladelphiaRhode Island

New YorkNew Jersey

www.elementstheatre.org

Upcoming Elements Productions

Spring 2012—A. R. Gurney’s The Dining Room

Fall 2012—Henrik Ibsen’s Pillars of the Community

Please call 508-240-2400 for tickets & information as all events are subject to change

© 2011 Gloriæ Dei Artes Foundation, Inc.

P.O. Box 2831, Orleans, MA 02653

Phone: 508-255-3999

Reservations: 508-240-2400

Fax: 508-240-1989

Email: publicity@gdaf.org

www.gdaf.org

© Gloriæ Dei Artes Foundation