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FUNCTION

PCGN is an interdepartmental group whose function is to formulate and coordinate policies and procedures for the proper

writing of geographical names for places and features outs ide the United Kingdom and ensure the implementation of those

policies across the UK Government.

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Continuity of reference

El Barsciagle El Basciaglei Elbasháqley

Celbashaqley Ceel Bashaqley

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Village Georgia Russian Тбилиси → (Tbilisi) Ленингори → (Leningori) Turkmenistan Russian Ашхабад (Ashkhabad) Красноводск (Krasnovodsk)

Georgian თბილისი (Tbilisi) ახალგორი (Akhalgori) Turkmen Cyrillic Ашгабат (Ashgabat) Красноводск (Krasnowodsk)

(Ossetian) Ленингор (Leningor) Turkmen Roman Aşgabat Türkmenbaşy

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Village British Somaliland Somalia Italiana Somali Republic

Somali Democratic Republic Soomaaliya Somali Republic

Republic of Somaliland Puntland Jubaland Maakhir

Northland

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Village © UK MOD Crown Copyright, 2012

Crown copyright material reproduced with the permiss ion of the Controller of HMS O

Topographic map data © Collins Bartholomew Limited, 2010

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Geology and Water Supply of the Sawl Haud, British Somaliland c. 1:475,000, W. A. MacFadyen, 1951

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Africa 1:1,000,000, Alula, Instituto Geografico Militare, 1936

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Gadabuursi (Borama) script 1933

www.omniglot.com

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Cadaale

cadaad = Gum Arabic trees

le = place

Geedka Galoolka Galool = a type of acacia

Geed can mean both tree and whatchamacallit

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Sōmāliya

1:1,500,000

Milan

Undated (1960s)

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The word for “big”

Italian Somaliland

Uen

Uein

Uin

British Somaliland Wein

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Village Osmanya (Cismaanya) script 1922

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Village Roman script Officially adopted 1972

www.omniglot.com

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Extract from Badhaadhe, 1:100,000, 1976

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Republic of Somaliland Puntland

Galmudug State Maakhir

Northland Jubaland

Khatumo State Awdalland

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Village THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOMALILAND

IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE COMPASSIONATE AND THE MERCIFUL

CHAPTER ONE

Description of the State, General Principles & Fundamental Rights Part One

General Description

Article 1: The State of the Republic of Somaliland 1. The country which gained its independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on 26th June 1960 and was known as the Somaliland Protectorate and which joined Somalia on 1st July 1960 so as to form the Somali Republic and then regained its independence by the Declaration of the Conference of the Somaliland communities held in Burao between 27th April 1991 and 15th May 1991 shall hereby and in accordance with this Constitution become a sovereign and independent country known as “The Republic of Somaliland”.

2. Sovereignty resides in the people who shall exercise it in accordance with the Constitution and other laws.

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Village TRANSITIONAL CONSTITUTION OF PUNTLAND REGIONAL GOVERNMENT

In the Name of Allah, the Merciful and gracious , we the Puntland people, have the determination to initiate a new era, in order to recover from the tragedy consequent effect and the legacy left behind by the civil wars.

Part I 1st Section

General Provisions Article 2. The name and the system of the Government 1. The official name of the Regional Government is Puntland State of Somalia. 2. Puntland is an independent Regional Government of Somalia based on the system of idea sharing, democracy and multi-party system. 3. The system of the government is decentralized, while the highest power is entrusted to the people with the exception of Allah’s will, using the power directly in conformity with the Constitution and the laws; and no party of the people, nor any individual may claim sovereignty to assume the right to exercise it. 4. Puntland is an independent integral part of Somalia and has the obligation to restore and maintain the unity of Somalia on the basis of a Federal System.

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The internal boundaries shown on this map are as of 1986 and may no longer be relevant.

There are several unofficial political regions within Somalia: Somaliland, with its centre in Hargeysa; Puntland, with its centre in Garoowe; Galmudug with its centre in the southern part of Gaalkacyo; and Jubaland (Azania) centred on Kismaayo.

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Village Zeila Borama British Somaliland Seyla‘ North-Western Province Somali Republic Seylac Gobolka Woqooyi Galbeed Somali Democratic Republic Saylac Gobolka Awdal “Republic of Somaliland” Saylac Gobolka Salal “Republic of Somaliland” / “Awdalland”

Dante Migiurtinia Italian Somaliland Ḥāfūn Majērtēn Somali Republic Xaafuun Gobolka Bari Somali Democratic Republic Xaafuun Gobolka Bari Somali Republic Xaafuun Gobolka Karkaar Somali Republic (Puntland)

1930 1965 1975 1991 2012

Timeline Town of Saylac Town of Xaafuun