a-cdm topics overview … · collaborative decision making • collaborative decision making (cdm)...
TRANSCRIPT
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A-CDM topics Overview
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Mexico City, Mexico
Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) September, 2019
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Joel Morin - Who am I?
• 35 years Canada ATM (ATCO, manager…) Transport Canada + NAV CANADA
• Including ATFM • International collaboration (USA – Europe – NAT)
• 6 years Global Head ATM & Policy – IATA HQ • Expert to ICAO ANC / ANB
• Task Forces (including ATFM & contingencies) • PBN Go Teams co-lead • Civ-MIL co-lead • Panels member (incl. ATMRPP, ATMOPS, SASP, PBNSG, • Contributor to GANP
• ACI A-CDM expert / instructor • Consultant offering support within the To70 group
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Mexico City, Mexico
A-CDM Basic Concepts and Main Principles September, 2019
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Life of an aircraft
© IATA (2014) 5
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Traditional Civil Aviation
Airport
Airlines
ATC
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Traditional Civil Aviation
Airport
Airlines
ATC
• Airlines collaborated with airports on a station by station basis
• Airlines did what ATC told them to do • Very limited coordination between
ATC and Airport • Usually limited to local discussions
7 (c) ACI World
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Airport CDM in the Global ICAO context
GANP
Airport Operations Improvements
ACDM
B0-ACDM B1-ACDM B2-ACDM
…
…
…
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The story begins with Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) in general La historia comienza con la toma de decisiones colaborativas (CDM) en general
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Birth of Collaborative Decision Making in Aviation • Lack of common awareness • Conflicting goals • In the mid 1990s FAA / NAV CANADA
came to realize that they needed to communicate and collaborate with their airline customers
• Coordination telecoms with: • ATM • Airlines • Airport ops • WX
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CDM Stakeholder Responsibilities
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• Sharing of information, developing rules of exchange, maintaining accuracy and confidentiality
• Transparency of Decision Making • Organizational Structure and Culture that supports the CDM process • Compliance with and support of decisions
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CDM Benefits • Increased information flow leads to improved, real time situational awareness;
shared by all stakeholders • Common understanding and agreed to processes lead to greater system
predictability • Predictability, flexibility and input leads to a reduced impact of ATFM
measures on business performance. • Competitive users can find co-operative solutions that maximize access to
system resources for all • A review of EUROCONTROL’s A-CDM project found that 90% of the benefits
came from data sharing alone
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CDM Processes • CDM applies to all points along the planning and execution timeline.
• 2-way flow of information, including data, intent, options and agreement. • Relevant ATM data is fused for an airspace user’s general, tactical and
strategic situational awareness and conflict management. • Relevant Airspace User operational information is made available to the ATM
system • information exchange must be iterative.
• Party A passes information to Party B. Party B makes decisions based on received information. Party B must pass this new information back to Party A.
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What is still missing?
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A-CDM – bringing in the turnaround
By linking in all elements of the
value chain, there is overall situational
awareness and control of the
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Airport CDM as part of CDM ‘CDM’ del aeropuerto como parte del ‘CDM’
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A-CDM Basics
• Airport CDM is a part of the broader Collaborative Decision Making
• Main focus: • managing the turnaround of the
aircraft • fully transparent way • Provides service improvements in all
related domains • Airlines & Airports can leverage
benefits beyond the ATM domain
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ATM COLLABORATIVE DECISION MAKING
AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT
PROCEDURE DESIGN
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC PRE-TACTICAL TACTICAL
AIRPORT OPS(Airport - CDM)
FLEXIBLE USE OF AIRSPACE
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A-CDM Basics
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NADIE TIENE TODAS LAS RESPUESTAS O INCLUSO TODAS LAS PREGUNTAS
ATM COLLABORATIVE DECISION MAKING
AIRSPACE MANAGEMENT
PROCEDURE DESIGN
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT
STRATEGIC PRE-TACTICAL TACTICAL
AIRPORT OPS(Airport - CDM)
FLEXIBLE USE OF AIRSPACE
NO ONE HAS ALL THE ANSWERS OR EVEN ALL THE QUESTIONS
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Block ON Block OFF
Landing, taxi Taxi, take-off Turn Around Operations
A-CDM Primary Scope
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ATC ATFM RSEQ (AMAN)
SURF
ATC ATFM RSEQ (DMAN)
SURF
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Process Ownerships
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ATM informs A-CDM of when to expect the aircraft
ATM owns the aircraft until: • Handover to Apron
Control; or, • It stops moving
A-CDM owns the aircraft for the turn • Communicates
anticipated results of turnaround to ATM
• May adjust priorities / processes in knowledge of required time objective
A-CDM hands over the aircraft at off-block OR taxiway entry (depending on where)
ATM owns the aircraft when it starts moving or enters the TWY system ATM gives target times to A-CDM to meet (TSAT or TMAT) ATM manages the departure sequence, the taxi out and beyond ATM provides the next station with Estimated landing Time
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ATM – A-CDM Information Exchange • ATM A-CDM: Landing Time & Taxi in time • A-CDM calculates turnaround, and
• A-CDM ATM: Target Off-Block Time • ATM calculates Target Takeoff Time
• Optionally assesses impact on ATFM network demand
• ATFM may require CTOT which gets translated into A-CDM target time
• ATM A-CDM: Target Time • A-CDM evaluates and adjusts. Further coordination may occur
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Turn Around Operations
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ACDM uses a milestone approach
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ACDM utiliza un enfoque de hitos
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What’s a Milestone?
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A milestone is a timestamp
Each module entry | exit can be a milestone
The milestones you choose will depend on your: • Organization • Design • Needs
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Two main Approaches
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EUROCONTROL (EUROPE) UNITED STATES
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What they have in Common
management of airport surface traffic flows and
runway departure queues
optimize airport capacity + airspace
resources
reduce fuel burn + emissions;
provision of real-time access to aircraft positioning on the
aerodrome
timely sharing of accurate operational
data among stakeholders
manage airport demand
connectivity between aerodrome surfaces and
ATFM
common operational picture
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What they have in Common
management of airport surface traffic flows and
runway departure queues:
optimize airport capacity + airspace
resources
reduce fuel burn + emissions;
provision of real-time access to aircraft positioning on the
aerodrome,
timely sharing of accurate operational
data among stakeholders
manage airport demand
connectivity between aerodrome surfaces and
ATFM
common operational picture
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NOT ALL ANSPs
APPLY ATFM
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General difference between Europe and USA “A-CDM” • European airport aprons tend to be controlled
• A-CDM integrates the turnaround and ATC issues Start Up Time • USA aprons are often managed by airlines
• FAA is concerned by Maneuvering Area (TWY) entry-exit • Apron management responsible for delivering aircraft to transition point
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Combine concepts to suit your needs
• This airport’s apron is not controlled • Movement Area Entry | Exit Times
might be better milestones for interchange with ATC
• BUT – Ground Handling Milestones data interchange might still be required
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East Hold
North Hold
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Milestone approach • Determine significant events to track progress of flights and the distribution of
events • Define information updates and triggers • Specify data quality • Ensure a link between arriving and departing flights • Enable early decision making
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Forward AND Backward (Goal) Focus
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I follow my process and will be ready at
…
You must takeoff at …
and the taxi out time is…
O F F
B L O C K
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Not a Single A-CDM
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Regional ATFM (Network)
ACC ATFM
Local
A-CDM implementations must be tailored to the requirement …
… and to the ATM environment
One Size does NOT fit all
The European Approach fits… Europe!
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Not a Single A-CDM
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Local airport operations efficiency opportunity: • Resource management • Improved taxi queue lengths
Bonus: ATM provides _LDT and receives updated “ETD” but no ATFM measures
Local
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Not a Single A-CDM
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ACC ATFM
• ATFM Function present in ACC, TWR interfaced • No regional ATFM collaboration in place • ATM provides and receives movement times • ATM issues departure constraints if required • Airport ops / turnaround processes adapt to the
constraints
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Not a Single A-CDM
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Regional ATFM (Network)
• ACC’s ATFM collaborates with others in a multi-FIR, regional or multi-regional context
Network Ops • Opportunity for complex Slot Swapping
and coordination • Improved opportunity for Airline
Operations Centre involvement (example – Europe)
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Collaborative Decision Making • Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) is defined as a process focused on
how to decide on a course of action articulated between two or more community members.
• ATM community members share information related to that decision and agree on and apply the decision-making approach and principles.
• As a process, A-CDM is no different • Applied in Airport Environment
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A-CDM Operational Principles
• A-CDM is about: • Sharing and exchanging of accurate,
timely and usable airport data • Requires cultural change to support
new procedures and processes • Benefits: Improving operational
efficiency and performance for all partners
• A-CDM is NOT about: • Implementing a new IT system • Sharing commercially sensitive data • Blame • Having more meetings or discussions
with no actions / results
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What will A-CDM do for us? • key enabler to improving the predictability of events and optimising the
utilisation of resources and airport infrastructure. • improved operational efficiency and reduces costs for the entire airport
community.
• Enabled through improved real time information sharing between airport operator, airlines, ground handlers and air traffic control (ATC). Sharing inbound and turnaround information in a collaborative process improves predictability of subsequent events such as arrivals and off-blocks.
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A-CDM is not magic!
A-CDM does NOT resolve • Increase off-block punctuality • Improve airspace capacity • Demand congestion
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Questions?
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Mexico City, Mexico
A-CDM from European to global models September, 2019
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Evolution of A-CDM European FAA Global
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It began with Collaborative Decision Making in the US • Initially led by US Air, the concept of CDM was developed in recognition that
increased cooperation between the government service provider, airports and airlines could achieve solutions to existing air traffic flow problems.
• This group established three tenets of CDM: • Most problems have simple causes with simple solutions • Better information sharing eliminates a very large proportion of the problems • CDM can only be successful if trust is established between the partners as the first
step
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A-CDM Evolution • Europe started the ball rolling.
• Solution from 2004 -- not current globally applicable • Need better airline central involvement at some airports with ATFM (ATM network
management) for fleet level management • FAA has its own similar concept
• With different interface points (milestones) • Greg will be explaining the FAA concept this afternoon.
• ICAO adopted the concept and broadened it • Global Air Navigation Plan and Aviation System Block Upgrades (ASBUs) • largely based on the EUROCONTROL model
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A-CDM in Europe • Presence of an ATM Network Manager • The European airports, EUROCONTROL & the aircraft operators, work
together to: • exchange information on best practices; • achieve a common understanding of A-CDM in Europe; and • harmonize A-CDM procedures and processes wherever possible.
• A-CDM is seen as one of the main ways to integrate airports with the entire European ATM network and may also be used to understand and predict how individual airport operations will impact such a network.
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A-CDM in USA • The US environment is different from Europe • “Push and Start” is not an ATC function and is often managed by airlines’
apron management • Interface is at Apron / Taxiway boundary • More from Greg later…
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A-CDM Globally • A-CDM implementations scaled to the local needs and context:
• Strategic Objectives • ATFM involvement • Information sharing abilities
• Interfaces with relevant ASBUs • Information sharing between airports should be done via ATM, not A-CDM to
A-CDM • Benefits for:
• AOs and their networks • Airports and their resources • ATM and their resources
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ICAO versus Airports (and airlines) Scope • ICAO’s scope is Civil Aviation • Airports and Airlines are also members of the ATM Community • BUT
• Airport / airline stakeholders have an additional scope beyond civil aviation • It is possible to use ACDM to achieve benefits without ATC collaboration
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A-CDM is not • Managing the arrival or departure
sequencing • That’s an ATM function • Runway SEQuencing ASBU • A-CDM function is a collaborator
• Managing the Surface routings on controlled surfaces
• ATM function • SURF ASBU
• Managing the efficiency of the ATM environment
• ATM function • NOPS (and beyond) ASBU
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ACDM
MET
SURF
RSEQ (AMAN / DMAN)
NOPS
DAIM FICE
SWIM
Enabler Benefit
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A-CDM in context
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Summary
• It is a philosophy • It is processes • A-CDM implementations vary • Need to be adapted to your
community business needs • Can be scaled progressively • Needs buy-in from everyone
concerned
• Is not about buying a turnkey system
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Questions?
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Mexico City, Mexico
Scope of A-CDM and the roles of Aviation stakeholders airports, airlines, ANSPs (ATFM and ATM)
September, 2019
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ICAO GANP KPIs related to ACDM • Departure Punctuality • Taxi-out additional time • ATFM slot adherence • Airport peak capacity • Airport peak throughput • Taxi-in additional time
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Modern Civil Aviation
Airports
ATC Airlines
• Networks of Networks • Trajectory-based operations • Each domain needs information from
other domains • Each domain influences the other
domains • Success requires collaboration
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Block ON Block OFF
Landing, taxi Taxi, take-off Turn Around Operations
A-CDM Primary Scope
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ACDM
SECURITY
ATFM
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Who are the airport actors? What are their concerns? ¿Quiénes son los actores del aeropuerto? ¿Cuáles son sus preocupaciones?
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Airport ops Operaciones aeroportuarias Ground handlers Apoyo en tierra ATM Airlines Líneas aéreas
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Airport Operators • Gate management • Slot management conflicts with actual ops • demand management
• Runway queues • Ramp congestion
• De-icing • Poor runway capacity delivery (on departure) due to inefficient sequence
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Ground Handlers • What’s my priority? • Resource allocation • (ramp congestion) • Service level contracting in conflict with airport mission • …
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ATM • Flight plan times do not correspond to reality • Flight non-compliance with ATC slots • Inefficient delivery of aircraft for departure • …
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Airlines • Gate and resource allocations • Lack of awareness among internal stakeholders:
• Pax service agents • Dispatch / flight ops • Station management
• “victim of circumstances” • Lack of predictability and of overall management • Runway queues • Ramp congestion
• De-icing • …
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potential benefits of mission-focused Airport CDM beneficios potenciales de la CDM del aeropuerto centrada en la misión
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A-CDM Actors
AO
Airport
ATM
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A-CDM Actors - AOs
AO
Airport
ATM
• Improved fleet-wide operations / Timely performance
• System-level decisions and priorities implemented locally
• Services and agents managed with full and transparent awareness of the missions and each actor’s roles and objectives
• Optimized taxi time based on common awareness
• Improved customer experience • Avoid excessive on-board waiting and ramp
delays (and penalties!) • Avoid surprises and minimize stress –
customer retention / attraction
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AO includes Ground Handlers in this example
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A-CDM Actors - Airport
AO
Airport
ATM
• More predictable gate / stand management
• Especially if ATC provides Estimated Landing Time in timely manner
• More efficient – mission oriented – Ground Handling
• Opportunity for better analytics – integrated with ATM information
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A-CDM Actors - ATM
AO
Airport
ATM
• Improved demand predictability • ATM receives the Target Off Block
Time (same as flight plan departure time) and calculates a Takeoff Time
• If constraint exists, may issue CTOT resulting in TSAT or entry into Taxiway System
• Opportunity for negotiation • Slot Swapping • Turnaround compression
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• ATM should provide times to next airport – not A-CDM
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A-CDM is about • enabling collaborative situational awareness between ATM, Airlines and
airport ops (and their related agents) • planning operations based on ‘real’ times rather than schedules and planned
ETDs • Managing resources and priorities based on the missions • Helping airports manage their resources (e.g. gates) in full awareness of
circumstances • Helping airlines and airports better manage customer experiences
(information sharing, managing expectations)
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Targeted Benefits - General
• More accurate arrival times enable better decisions Inbound
• Improved ground handling processes • Improved resource management Turnaround: • Improved predictability (airline / ATC / Airport) • Improved situational awareness in all domains Outbound:
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Turnaround Process Benefits
Ground handlers:
• accurate in-block and pushback planning
• situational awareness
• resource planning • more proactive
decisions
Airport operator:
• Enhanced predictability
• Better managed airside operations,
• Reduced apron/ taxiway congestion
• Optimized taxi times and runway throughput
• Improved emissions
Airlines:
• Optimized taxi times
• Reduced queuing times
• Reduced fuel consumption
• Better predictability
Air Traffic Control:
• Optimized departure sequence
• Reduced movement area congestion
• optimized departure planning
• Optimized runway throughput
• Reduced tower workload • Improved safety
ATM Network
• Reduced phantom demand
• Better use of existing capacity
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Questions?
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Mexico City, Mexico
A-CDM Implementation September, 2019
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
• trigger the interest and secure the cooperation of all partners;
• write out clear objectives; • establish a timeline with roles and
responsibilities; • write out the plan; • start implementation;
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU Setup Plan
Risks and Mitigations Implement Measure
results
Improve
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU Setup Plan
Risks and Mitigations Implement Measure
results
Improve
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
Best Practice: • Ensure that all stakeholders are
actively engaged • Consider your national organization
structure • Engage your local ATM even if only
for their awareness
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Create a Team
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Set the objectives
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
Best Practice: • Discuss the situation • Educate the stakeholders • Set clear and simple objectives
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Set the objectives
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
• Measure the differences between the current situation and the objectives to be met
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Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
• Understand the shortcomings • Understand the stakeholder drivers • Engage with stakeholder decision
makers to obtain support
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis Convince partners
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners
MoU
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
• In association with Project Management Plan
• All Roles and Responsibilities must be clear and agreed by all partners
• Technical • Procedures • Information exchange • Monitoring / resolution mechanisms
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU
• actively participate and commit to implement A-CDM decisions
• cooperate in all functional specifications • ensure the interaction between their
systems and the local A-CDM platform • provide the necessary information to
the platform and require quality standards
• guarantee the presence of a representative throughout the project
• support and control its development and implementation
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners
MoU Setup Plan
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
• standard PMP according to your change management process
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Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners
MoU Setup Plan
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Sample A-CDM project organization
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Typical Project Management Phasing
Create multifunctional team
Objectives
Gap Analysis
Alternatives Analysis
Select most cost effective
Get Management GO
Prepare to IMPLEMENT
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU Setup Plan
Risks and Mitigations
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
• Project Risks • Safety Risks
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Gap Analysis
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MoU Setup Plan Risks and Mitigations
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Project Risks
• EUROCONTROL Airport CDM Manual provides a good range of SAMPLE project risks and potential mitigations
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Safety Risks • Safety Management Systems should already be in place • This should not be new to you • Any operational change must be assessed in terms of potential effects on
safety
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU Setup Plan
Risks and Mitigations Implement
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU Setup
Plan
Risks and Mitigations Implement
• Follow your Project Management Process • Ensure that all actors are included in the
Implementation Plan • Track progress for all actors • Conduct periodic reviews • Implementation should fall on an AIRAC
date • Conduct a final review to ensure all pieces
are in place including mitigations just prior to activation
• Have staff on hand to supervise, coordinate and intervene
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners MoU Setup Plan
Risks and Mitigations Implement Measure
results
Improve
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap - Improve
• You will not get it right on Day One • You may have decided to phase in
capabilities • The environment may change • Conduct post implementation
reviews and use the information to guide next phases
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Create a Team
Set the objectives
Gap Analysis
Convince partners
MoU Setup Plan Risks and Mitigations Implement
Measure results Improve
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A-CDM Implementation Roadmap
We are in a continuous improvement environment
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Implement
Measure results
Improve
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Questions?
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Mexico City, Mexico
A-CDM and Irregular Operations September, 2019
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Not all irregular operations are irregular – it depends where you are
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What are Adverse Conditions?
• Conditions that cause reduced capacity
• Predictable or unpredictable
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Source: Eurocontrol
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CDM in Adverse Condition • Weather and associated runway and taxi-way configuration
• Wind will determine which runway to be used • Impacts capacity
• Need for de-icing • Construction and maintenance works • Technical resource availability
• When actual and future availability changes, there is impact on capacity • Industrial action
• Each CDM partner to provide any known, planned industrial action affecting their operations
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Adverse Conditions
Unpredictable • Accident • Security Incident
Predictable • De-icing • Snow Clearing • Construction • Convective weather • Low vis events (fog, sand)
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Adverse Conditions
Unpredictable • No advance warning • Details are unknown but
• Can have a contingency plan • Adapt to situation
Predictable • Advance warning • Known patterns • Various planning scenarios can be
prepared and activated
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Adverse conditions
How does it affect capacity?
• Stable or variable? • Predictable or not?
Does it affect aircraft routing and taxi times?
• De-icing pad • Construction • Snow clearance • Runway swaps
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It’s about managing queues
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Stakeholders Needs • Airlines need PREDICTABILITY • Airports need PREDICTABILITY • ATM needs PREDICTABILITY • Passengers need PREDICTABILITY • Handlers and agents need PREDICTABILITY
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Stakeholders Needs
•PREDICTABILITY
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Queue Management Provides Predictability • The queues must be defined • The queue parameters must be defined • A-CDM must deliver aircraft into the system based on the objective(s)
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ACDM integrated with ATFM • This process chart integrates decisions by many stakeholders: • Local Airport (GH) • The airline Ops Centre • Air Traffic Flow Management (ATFM)
• This requires GH to adapt priorities and resources based on external constraints • The network plan is negotiated between airline and ATM
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A-CDM in Adverse Conditions - steps • Prepare adverse conditions or crisis plan • Establish procedures • Make sure that procedures are simple • Ensure that all partners are aware and at all levels are familiar with
procedures • Appoint a coordinator
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A-CDM in Adverse Conditions • Maximise the use of available capacity during Adverse Conditions • Pass information to all partners in anticipation of disruptions • Facilitate recovery after disruptions
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A-CDM in Adverse Conditions • To maximise effectiveness, all local stakeholders including ATC need to
collaborate • Predictability and efficiency can be enhanced substantially
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Questions?
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Mexico City, Mexico
Benefits of A-CDM turnaround management and coordination
September, 2019
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Extended Flight timeline
Takeoff from outstation
Cruise
Approach
Landing (ACARS ON)
Taxi In
Apron Entry
In Blocks (ACARS IN) Turnaround
Off Blocks (ACARS OUT)
Push – start – apron out
Apron Exit / Taxiway entry
Taxi Out
Takeoff
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Extended Flight timeline
Takeoff from outstation
Cruise
Approach
Landing (ACARS ON)
Taxi In
Apron Entry
In Blocks (ACARS IN) Turnaround
Off Blocks (ACARS OUT)
Push – start – apron out
Apron Exit / Taxiway entry
Taxi Out
Takeoff
GH
ATC en route Local ATC out
Local ATC in
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Extended Flight timeline
In Blocks (ACARS IN) Turnaround Off Blocks
(ACARS OUT) Push – start –
apron out
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Block ON Block OFF
Landing, taxi Taxi, take-off Turn Around Operations
A-CDM for Airports Primary Scope
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SIMPLIFIED TURNAROUND TIMELINE
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Who are your actors?
• Who is involved in your turnaround processes? • Who needs to know what results? • How do the information consumers find out
about a process delay? • What causes | contributes to process delays? • How are the turnaround agents informed of
priorities? • Do competing service level agreements play a
role?
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Extended Flight timeline
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Takeoff from outstation Cruise Approach
Landing (ACARS
ON) Taxi In Apron Entry In Blocks
(ACARS IN) Turnaround Off Blocks (ACARS
OUT) Push – start – apron out
Apron Exit / Taxiway
entry Taxi Out Takeoff
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Extended Flight timeline
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Approach Landing (ACARS
ON) Taxi In Apron Entry In Blocks
(ACARS IN) Turnaround Off Blocks (ACARS
OUT) Push – start – apron out
Apron Exit / Taxiway
entry Taxi Out Takeoff
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Extended Flight timeline + Milestones
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Takeoff from outstation
Landing (ACARS
ON) Taxi In Apron Entry In Blocks
(ACARS IN) Turnaround Off Blocks (ACARS
OUT) Push – start – apron out
Apron Exit / Taxiway
entry Taxi Out Takeoff
xTOT xMAT xOBT xSAT xXOT xTOT xXIT xLDT xIBT xTTT xMAT
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Flight Events vs Milestones & Status
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Flight Event Times Scheduled Planned ATFM measure ATM system estimate Actual Off-block Time (OBT) SOBT EOBT COBT AOBT Take-Off Time (TOT) CTOT ETOT ATOT Landing Time (LDT) CLDT ELDT ALDT In-Block Time (IBT) SIBT EIBT AIBT
Taxi In Time Taxi Out Time
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© ICAO (2019)
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Questions?
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Mexico City, Mexico
Exercise – A-CDM Implementation September, 2019
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Task • In multidisciplinary Groups:
• Pick a spokesperson and a scribe • Pick an airport • Make assumptions as to level of ATFM involvement • 30 minutes:
• Identify strategic objectives to be achieved by your A-CDM • Identify key stakeholders you will need to convince • Perform high level Gap Analysis between current state and objectives
• Provide arguments to decision makers to convince them to support your project
• Present (5 minutes / group + discussions)
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