a case of madras motor neurone disease
TRANSCRIPT
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DR.K.MANOJKUMARPROF.DR.GOWRISHANKAR
UNIT
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A 14 YEAR OLD FEMALE CAME WITH
C/O HEARING LOSS - 7YEARS BLURRING OF VISION -6years WEAKNESS OF ALL 4 LIMBS-
2YEARS
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HEARING LOSS BOTH EARS- 7 years. Insidious onset, slowly progressive.
BLURRING OF VISION-6years,gradual loss of vision,painless,more for distant vision.
WEAKNESS OF ALL 4 LIMBS-2 years,initially pt had weakness of both
lower limbs which then progressed to weakness of both upper limbs
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WEAKNESS IN GETTING UP FROM SQUATTING POSITION
BUCKLING OF KNEES INABILITY TO GRIP CHAPPALS TRIPPING OF TOES DIFFICULTY IN COMBING HAIR WEAKNESS IN LIFTING HANDS ABOVE
THE SHOULDER WEAKNESS IN MIXING FOOD FLAIL LIMBS THINNING OF MUSCLES BOTH UPPER
AND LOWER LIMBS TWITCHING OF MUSCLES
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H/O DIMNESS OF VISION COLOUR VISION DEFECT BILATERAL HEARING LOSS MILD WEAKNESS IN TURNING OF HEAD TO LEFT OR RIGHT,L>R DIFFICULTY IN MARSHALLING OF FOOD
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NO H/O
OTHER CRANIAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT RADIATING PAIN IN UPPER AND LOWER
LIMBS DIURNAL VARIATION SENSORY LOSS SEIZURES UNSTEADINESS WHILE WALKING AUTONOMIC SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT TRAUMA EXANTHEMATOUS FEVER
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PAST HISTORY: NO H/O DELAYED MILE
STONES NO H/O BIRTH ASPHYXIA NO H/O DM,HT,TB,ALLERGIES FAMILY HISTORY: BORN OF 3RD DEGREE
CONSANG.MARRIAGE.1 SIBLING.NORMAL NO H/O SIMILAR ILLNESS IN
FAMILY MENSTRUAL HIST: ATTAINED MENARCHE
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A 14/F - hearing loss-7 years , diminished visual acuity -6years, weakness of all 4 limbs-2years
H/O both proximal and distal muscle involvement
Distal> proximal H/O twitching of muscle in
trunk,arm,neck and tongue No sensory system involvement
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1)MADRAS MOTOR NEURON DISEASE 2)BROWN VIALETTO VAN LAERE
SYNDROME 3)JUVENILE ONSET ALS 4)SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY 5)FAZIO LONDE DISEASE
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GENERAL EXAMINATION: pt conscious,
oriented,communicative, thin built, mod nourished.
No pallor/icterus/clubbing/pedal edema/lymphadenopathy
No thyromegaly Height neck ratio 13 No neurocutaneous markers
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Fasciculations in neck and tongue present
Scoliosis present with convexity to right and disappears on bending forward or sitting
wasting of muscles in upper and lower limbs
Genu recurvatum of left lower limb
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VITAL SIGNS: pulse 75/min BP 120/70mmHg RR 20/min Temperature-normal HR-74/min PUPIL 3mm.sluggish response to light
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NERVE RIGHT LEFT
OPTIC VISUAL ACUITY 6/60NIG,NIP 6/60NIG,NIP
FIELD OF VISION N N
COLOUR DEFECTIVE DEFECTIVE
FUNDUS OPTIC ATROPHY OPTIC ATROPHY
FACIALSENSORY N N
MOTOR MILD LMN WEAKNESS
MILD LMN WEAKNESS
VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR
RINNES TEST AC>BC AC>BC
WEBERS TEST NO LATERALISATION
NO LATERALISATION
SCHWABACH TEST
REDUCED REDUCED
VESTIBULAR TEST
N N
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VAGUSSENSORY N N
MOTOR GAG DEFECTIVE GAG DEFECTIVE
SPINAL ACCESSORY
WEAKNESS OF SCM
WEAKNESS OF SCM
HYPOGLOSSAL
WEAKNESS AND WASTING
PRESENT PRESENT
FASCICULATION Y Y
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MANOJ.wlmp
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MOV00297.AVI
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BULK OF MUSCLE – REDUCED BOTH UPPER AND LOWER LIMBS BILATERALLY.
FASCICULATIONS SEEN OVER TRUNK MUSCLES,NECK AND TONGUE
TONE-HYPOTONIA OF ALL 4 LIMBS POWER 4- IN UPPER LIMBS EXCEPT
HAND MUSCLES 3 POWER 4 IN LOWER LIMBS EXCEPT 4- IN
ANKLE.
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REFLEXES; SUPERFICIAL-NORMAL BOTH SIDE
INCLUDING PLANTAR DEEP TENDON REFLEX- ALL DTR
SLUGGISH EXAMINATION OF SENSORY SYSTEM-
NORMAL CEREBELLAR FUNCTION TEST-NORMAL PERIPHERAL NERVES-NOT THICKENED
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CVS- S1 S2 HEARD. No murmur RS- NVBS HEARD P/A-SOFT JVP-NORMAL CAROTIDS-NORMAL
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BLOOD SUGAR-85 mg Blood urea-27 mg Serum creatinine-0.6mg TC-4,500mg,DC-P-57,L-40 HB-12.8mg, 39% RBC -4.4, PLATELET-1.2LAKH SODIUM-139meq/l Potassium-4meq/l
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VDRL-NONREACTIVEHIV-NEGATIVEECG-WNL CXR PAVIEW-WNLSERUM CPK-WNLURINE R/E -WNL
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ENT OPINION;
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Since the patient had wasting and weakness of both upper and lower limbs associated with hypotonia & fasciculations along with involvement of 2nd,7th,8th ,10th,11th,12th cranial nerve involvement ,the possibility of motor neuron disease ,madras variant was considered.
PLANNED NCS EMG OGTT
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OGTT-NORMAL NCS-NO OBVIOUS ABNORMALITY EMG- denervation pattern
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MADRAS MOTOR NEURON DISEASE VARIANT
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VARIANTS OF MOTOR NEURON DISEASE 1)MADRAS MOTOR NEURON DISEASE 2)MONOMELIC AMYOTROPHY 3)THE WASTED LEG SYNDROME 4)JUVENILE MND OF NORTH INDIA 5)GUAMIN ALS 6)CRURAL ALS 7)HEMIPLEGIC TYPE 8)MND WITH DEMENTIA 9)MND WITH PARKINSONISM
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FIRST REPORTED BY MEENAKSHI SUNDARAM,JAGANNATHAN AND RAMAMOORTHI IN 1970S.
SUB GROUP OF MND FIRST DESCRIBED IN MADRAS IN YOUNGER AGE GROUP
ABOUT 150 CASES REPORTED IN THE WORLD
LESS THAN 25 CASES ONLY BELONGS TO MMNDV
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AGE OF ONSET 10-30 YEARS PREDOMINANTLY AFFECTS MALES BENIGN COURSE ABSENCE OF FAMILY HISTORY GRADUAL ASYMMETRIC INVOLVEMENT
OF ALL 4 LIMBS. WEAKNESS OF FASCIAL AND BULBAR
MUSCLES IN 60% MOST STRIKING IS SENSORINEURAL
DEAFNESS
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BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETER- IMPAIRED OGTT
REDUCED SERUM CITRATE INCREASED SERUM PYRUVATE DUE TO
ALTERED CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
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FAZIO LONDE DISEASE-AR,EARLY AGE AT ONSET,RARITY OF PYRAMIDAL SIGNS, NORMAL HEARING,RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE FATAL COURSE
SPORADIC ALS-OTHER FEATURES LIKE CHOREA,CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, ABSENCE OF DEAFNESS, LATE INVOLVEMENT OF BULBAR NUCLEI
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ALSO KNOWN AS BROWN SYNDROME CHARECTERISED BY DEAFNESS AND
PARALYSIS OF MUSCLES OF FACE, NECK, SHOULDER
RESPIRATORY FAILURE IS THE MODE OF DEATH
GENE AFFECTED IS C20ORF54. ABOVE GENE INVOLVED IN RIBOFLAVIN
TRANSPORT POOR PROGNOSIS DUE TO RAPID
PROGRESSION
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ABSTRACTA 13-YEAR-OLD CHINESE BOY WITH FEATURES OF THE MADRAS PATTERN OF MOTOR NEURON DISEASE (MMND) PRESENTED TO US. THE BENIGN FOCAL ATROPHY OF THE EXTREMITIES, ESPECIALLY THE UPPER, AND ASSOCIATED HEARING IMPAIRMENT WERE IMPORTANT CLUES TO THE CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS. A RECENT PATHOLOGICAL REPORT SUGGESTS INFLAMMATORY AETIOLOGY NEEDS TO BE CONSIDERED FOR THIS TYPE OF MOTOR NEURON DISEASE. THEREFORE, TREATMENT WITH IV IMMUNOGLOBULIN 400MG/KG ONCE DAILY WAS ADMINISTERED FOR 5 DAYS, AND IMPROVEMENT OF SYMPTOMS WAS NOTED AT 6 MONTHS OF FOLLOW UP.NATL MED J INDIA 2004;
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PATIENTS WITH YOUNG AGE OF ONSET FEATURES OF SLOW PROGRESSIVE LMN BENIGN NATURE PRESENCE OF SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS PRESENCE OF OPTIC ATROPHY WITH LOWER CRANIAL NERVE INVOLVEMENT WITHOUT SENSORY,CEREBELLAR,COGNITIVE
INVOLVEMENT
THINK OF MMNDV
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MMNDV IS A CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
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THANK U