a brief biography of hazrat fatima (s.a.)

8/10/2019 A Brief Biography of Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)

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A BRIEFBIOGRAPHYOF

BIBI FATIMA (S.A.)

BY:

MOHAMMEDRAZA DUNGERSI, Ph.D.

Published by:Bilal Muslim Mission o anzania

P.O.Box 20033Dar es Salaam anzania


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ISBN 9976 956 86 7

First Edition 1994

Published and Printed by:Bilal Muslim Mission o anzania

P.O.Box 20033Dar es Salaam anzania


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CONTENTS

Preace . . . 1

Chapter 1: Hazrat Fatima (s.a.): Te Birth and Naming o theChild . . . 2

Chapter 2: Hazrat Fatimas Parents . . . 7Chapter 3: Hazrat Fatimas Childhood and Adulthood Beore

Marriage . . . 14Chapter 4: Hazrat Fatimas Marriage . . . 17Chapter 5: Hazrat Fatima (s.a.): An Ideal Woman . . . 22Chapter 6: Hazrat Fatimas Character and Personality . . . 26Chapter 7: Hazrat Fatimas Death and Burial . . . 35Chapter 8: Hazrat Fatima (s.a.): Her position in Islam . . . 44Chapter 9: Hazrat Fatimas Family . . . 49

Questions . . . 53


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PREFACE

Tis short biography of Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was written essentiallyas a part of a course work for those enrolled in the correspondencewith Bilal Muslim Mission of anzania.

Te major concern has been to provide brief and introductorynotes on the main aspects of the illustrious life history of ourLady of Light, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) for readers who have had no

previous understanding of the role of this great personality inIslamic history.

In no way therefore should this work be taken as a comprehensiveand complete study on Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). As a matter of fact,circumstances under which this work was prepared may necessitateextensive additions and/or deletions in future, God willing.

In the preparation of this booklet I found the following works veryuseful:

Fatima, Te Gracious By: Odeh A. Muhawesh Fatima Al-Zahra By: Al-Balagh Foundation

Fatima Zahra By: PeermahomedEbrahim rust

Mohammed Raza Mohammed Husein Dungersi, Ph.D.October 4, 1993Jamadi-ul-Tani 1414New York


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CHAPTER 1 :

HAZRAT FATIMA S.A. : THE BIRTH AND

NAMING OF THE CHILD

GENERALTe study o the biography o the Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad(s.a.w.w.) and that o the twelve Imams remains incomplete iwe exclude rom it the biography o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). Tis isbecause she is the main link between the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and thetwelve Imams. Tis link can be looked at in two different ways.

Firstly, this link is explained in the tradition o the mantle(Hadithul Kisa), when the Archangel Gibrael asks Allah as towho are in the Mantle. Allah says, Tey are Fatima, her father, herhusband and her sons.

Secondly, she is the Grandmother to nine Imams (beginning the

ourth Imam, Hazrat Ali, Zainul Abideen), all being the directdescendants o her son, Imam Husayn (a.s.). Te progeny o theProphet continues through her. On this matter the Prophet himselis reported to have said:Allah made the offspring o every Prophet in that Prophets loinsand he made my offspring in the loins o Ali.All sons are linked to their ather except the sons o Fatima; or I

am their ather and their closest relative.

Moreover, or the Muslim men, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was theexample rom whom they could learn how to live a lie o excellence(Uswatul Hasana). For the Muslim women, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)became the model on which Muslim women could learn to lead alie o virtue and excellence.

EVENTS LEADING TO HER BIRTHAllah made special arrangements so that Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) wouldbe born pure in body and in spirit. Allama Majlisi, a well known


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scholar, reports in his book Bihar ul Anwar (Te Seas of Light),that beore Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was conceived in her motherswomb, the Archangel Gibrael came to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) tellinghim that Allah wished him (the Prophet) to stay away rom his wie

Khadija or orty days. He did as he was told.

On the ortieth day, Gibrael came back to congratulate the Prophet(s.a.w.w.) or the heavenly gif that he was about to get romAllah. Ten came the Angel Michael with heavenly ood, letting theProphet (s.a.w.w.) know that it was Allahs wish that on that nightthe Prophet (s.a.w.w.) should break his ast with the heavenly ood.

Te Prophet did what Allah wished. He broke his ast with the datesand grapes rom heaven.

Afer that, the Prophet was told to go to his wie Hazrat Khadija.Tey stayed together. Hazrat Khadija became pregnant that night.Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was thus conceived in her mothers womb thatnight.

One o the miracles o Hazrat Fatima is: while she was still inher mothers womb she spoke with her! Te Sunni Scholar,Abdul Rehman Shafie says in his book, Nuzhat Al-Majils, thatHazrat Khadija said, When I was pregnant, she would speak withme rom within my womb.

Another Sunni Scholar and historian called Shah Abdul AzizDahlawi reports in his book, ajhiz Al-Jaish, the ollowingincident:When Khadija was pregnant with Fatima, Fatima used to speak toher mother rom her mothers womb. Khadija kept this secret romthe Prophet

One day the Prophet ound Khadija talking to someone thoughthere was no one around in the house. He thereore asked her aboutit. She replied, Te one who is in my womb speaks with me.


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Ten the Prophet said, Be happy Oh! Khadija, or the one in yourwomb is a girl who will, by command o Allah, be the Mother oeleven o my successors.

Another Sunni Scholar called Shuab B. Saad Al-Misry, adds tothe above incident, saying that Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) while still inher mothers womb would give courage and hope to her motherKhadija when Khadija was eeling sad.

BIRTH OF HAZRAT FATIMA S.A.

Some historians say that she was born five years beore the Prophet

announced his Prophethood. But the more reliable historians andscholars such as Kulayni and Shahr Ashub say that she was born fiveyears afer Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.) had told the people that hewas their Prophet.

She was born in Mecca on 20thJamadi-ul-Akhar on Friday 615 AD.Muaddhal bin Omar, a companion o Imam Jaar Sadiq (a.s.) askedthe Imam to tell him about the birth o the Imams Grandmother,Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). What ollows is a summary o what the Imamtold Muaddhal.

Hazrat Khadija (Hazrat Fatimas mother) was advised by herriends and women o Quraish not to get married to Hazrat

Muhammad (s.a.w.w.), but she did not ollow their advice As aresult they were very angry with her and stopped visiting her.

When the time o the birth o Hazrat Fatima came near, she calledthem to help her deliver the child but they all reused to come. Atthat time our beautiul, though strange looking, women came tohelp Hazrat Khadija. Tey introduced themselves as Hawwa (Nabi

Adams wie), Kulthum (Nabi Musas sister), Mariam (Nabi Isasmother) and Asia (Te Pharaohs wie). Tey told Hazrat Khadijathat Allah had sent them to help her in the delivery o the child.


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Te child was then born. She read the Kalimah and went into theSajda.

NAMING OF THE CHILD

Allama Majlisi reports in his book, Bihar-ul-Anwar, that ImamJaar Sadiq (a.s.) says that, When Fatima (s.a.) was born, Allahinstructed an Angel to utter this name (FAIMA) with theProphets tongue, and then Allah said, I have given you knowledgeand protected you rom (the dirt o menstruation) discharge oblood women o certain age experience or a ew days every month.

Several reasons have been given to explain why she was namedFatima; some o these reasons are as ollows:

Abdulla Bin Abbas reports that he heard the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)say Fatima was given that name, because she and herollowers are protected rom hell.

Our sixth Imam, Imam Jaar bin Muhammad as-Sadiq isreported to have said that his grandmother Fatima (s.a.) iscalled by the name because she is sae guarded rom evil.

It is or these reasons that the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and his successors(the Imams) liked this name very much. Once Imam Jaar Sadiq(a.s.) learned that one o his ollowers had a daughter who wasnamed Fatima; then the Imam said, Fatima! May the peace rom

Allah be upon Fatima. Now that you have named your daughter,Fatima, do not beat or abuse her. Instead, honour her.

HER OTHER NAMES

According to the Shia scholar, Ibne Babawayya, Imam Jaar Sadiq(a.s.) has said, Fatima (s.a.) has nine names in the presence oAllah; these names are:

FAIMA (Te saeguarded one)SIDDIQA (Te truthul one)MUBARAKEH (Te Blessed one)AHIRA (Te virtuous one)


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ZAKEEAH (Te pure one)RADHIA (Te one who is satisfied)MARDHIA (Te one who pleases)MUHADD1SA (Te one speaking with angels)

ZAHRA (Te lady o light)

Each o these names tells us about her high character and greatness.We shall talk about these in chapter six in more detail.


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Hala, Hazrat Khadijas sister. Soon Abu Hind died and Hala,together with the three girls went to live with Hazrat Khadijabecause o her kindness and generosity. Hazrat Khadija brought upthe girls like her nieces. As these girls grew in her home and as she

loved them like her own daughters, they have come to be regardedas her own daughters. And because o her love or them, theProphet, too, loved them and treated them as his own daughters.

HAZRAT KHADIJA: BEFORE HER MARRIAGEHer ather was Khuwaylid Bin Asad Bin Abdul Uzza Bin Qusay. Hermother was Fatima Bint Zieda. She was a very rich lady in Mecca.

She was in the business o importing goods rom such countries asIndia and China and exporting them to Syria and Persia.

She had inherited this business rom her ather and then expandedit using her own ideas and imagination. She had her trade centrein Mecca. She hired merchants to take her merchandise to oreignlands and sell or her at a profit. She would then share the profits

with these traders when they came back. One o such traders wasHazrat Abu alib, the Prophets uncle. Trough Hazrat Abu alib,the Prophet too joined these trading caravans and travelled to Syria(Sham).

Although she was a clever business person and was very rich, shewas also a very kind and generous lady. She was also religious. Her

cousin, Warka Bin Nawal had a good knowledge o religion andwas ollower o the books revealed to the Prophets o Bani Israel.She was a student o Warka and a ollower o true religion o hertime. Troughout Arabia people knew her because o her wealth,wisdom and goodness. Even beore she had married the Prophet,she was known as Malikatul Arab or the Princess o Arabia, andalso as a ahira or the Pure one. She was also called Sayyida (or

Te Leader).

Many chies and Princes o Arabia wanted to marry her but shereused to get married to them. From the books o the past and


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rom the discussion she had with Warka, she knew that the lastMessenger o Allah was living amongst them. Her wishes were to getmarried to him. As a matter o act, scholars use this as a proo thatshe was never married to any other person other than the Prophet.

Her belie that the last Prophet was living in her society was madestrong by a Jewish Rabbi. Once, she was at a estival with herriends, when an old Jew Rabbi (religious scholar) passed by. Hetold Hazrat Khadija and her riends that soon in your town aProphet will come out. His name will be Ahmad and lucky will bethat woman who he will choose to be his wie. Te girls laughed at

this scholar. Some o them even threw pieces o stones at him butnot Hazrat Khadija. She began thinking very seriously about whathe said.

Ten she had a dream in which she saw that the sun had comedown in her house which became very bright with light. Ten thelight spread out in all directions. She asked Warka what this meant.He told her that she would be married to a great man who wouldbe a Prophet.

Her investigations made her think that this last Prophet was HazratMuhammad (s.a.w.w.). She became sure that Hazrat Muhammad(s.a.w.w.) was the last Prophet when she received a complete report

rom her servant Maisarah about the miracles that he saw take placearound Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.), when he was on his businesstrip to Syria. For example, he told her how trees would bow downas mark o respect towards Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.) and howthroughout the journey clouds would shelter him wherever he went.

Hazrat Khadija made a firm decision: I I ever get married it will be

to Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.).

HER MARRIAGE

Te events which ended with the marriage o Hazrat Khadija with


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the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) are recorded beautiully by Allama Majlisi inhis book, Biharul Anwar; we shall briefly look at them now.

Afer she had become sure that Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.) was

the Last Prophet, she told him o her wishes to marry him. He inturn discussed this matter with his uncle Abu alib who passed theword to his amily members. Safiya, Abu alibs sister, went to LadyKhadija and the marriage proposal was accepted.

Te Prophets Nikah was read by Hazrat Abu alib. In thissermon (Khutba) Hazrat Abu alib not only said that he was on

the religion o Hazrat Ibrahim (a.s.), but he also hinted that HazratMuhammad (s.a.w.w.) was the Prophet o Allah. He called HazratMuhammad (s.a.w.w.) as Ashraul Makhlukaat (or Te Best oCreation).

As Mahr, (price o marriage that the groom has to give to thebride) Hazrat Abu alib gave on behal o his nephew, twentycamels and 400 measure o gold.

Also Hazrat Abu alib arranged the marriage east (Walima) orthree days, serving ree lunch to all people o Mecca, to honour thismarriage o Hazrat Muhammad to Hazrat Khadija.

As a marriage gif Hazrat Khadija gave a very expensive piece ocloth to Warka. He reused to take it saying, What use do I have orsuch an expensive worldly gif? What I need rom you as my gif isyour husbands promise that he would help me with my Shaaah(Freedom From Hell) on the Day o Judgement. According toAllama Majlisi, this promise was given by Hazrat Khadija.

HAZRAT KHADIJAS SERVICES TO ISLAMAfer marrying the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), she gave him all her wealth,knowing how much he would need this wealth or Islam very soon.Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and Hazrat Khadija spent very little o this


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wealth or themselves or fifeen years. Afer fifeen years o a quietlie, then the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) told people about his Prophethood.Te people o Mecca, especially the Quraish, became his greatestenemies. Tey began to make his lie and that o his helpers

very difficult. Because o that he was lef alone. His two greatestsupporters at this time were his uncle Abu alib and, o course, hiswie Hazrat Khadija.

Hazrat Khadija helped the Prophet o Islam in two ways. Firstly,she believed in his claim that he was the Prophet and encouragedhim to go ahead with his mission. She was on his side any time he

needed her. When he went to pray at Kaaba, she went with himand prayed behind him. When his enemies threw dirt on him shehelped him clean himsel. When they hurt him, she nursed him.When he was boycotted by the Quraish and went to live in theestate o Hazrat Abu alib, she went with him to look afer him andhelp him through lie. She stayed there or three years and died justafer the end o the boycott because o hunger and exhaustion.

Secondly, when people o Mecca began to accept the Prophetsinvitation to become Muslims, they had to go through a lot otrouble. Tey could not earn enough to buy their daily ood andother requirements. Te Prophet had to do this or them. Also,some o the new Muslims had to leave Mecca to go to Abyssinia. All

this required money. Te money was provided by Hazrat Khadija.Her money was also used to ree slaves. One wonders i Islam wouldreally survive without Hazrat Khadijas wealth. Her contribution toIslam can be compared with only that o Hazrat Abu alib who usedhis power as head o his clan to support the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), andAli who used his sword or Islam. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) used tosay, No property has ever been so useul to me as Khadijas, and,

Religion (Islam) succeeded only through Alis sword and Khadijaswealth.

Her sacrifices or Islam were so valuable to Allah, that he mentions


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them in the Quran in chapter 93 Verse 8 And he ound you in need,and made you independent (through wealth).

Also He (Allah) would send Salaams to her when she was alive! It

is mentioned in Sahih Bukhari and in Masnad o Ibne Hambalthat Gibrael came to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and said, O Messengero Allah! Tis is Khadija. She has come carrying a bowl o broth oood or drink. When she comes to you give her greetings rom herLord (Allah) and rom me...

On her death, she was awarded a very high position in Paradise as

confirmed rom the ollowing event.

Afer Lady Khadijas death, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.), who was still achild, asked the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), Where is my mother?

Beore he could answer her the Angel Gibrael came with the replyrom Allah saying, Your Lord commands you to inorm Fatimathat Allah sends His blessings to her and He also says: Your motheris in a special house (in heaven) the corners o which are madeo gold and the poles o which are o rubies. It is located betweenAsiyas and Mariams houses.

Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.), too, valued Hazrat Khadijas works towards

Islam all his lie. Every time he remembered her afer her death, hedid so with praise on his tongue and tears in his eyes.

Once, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) mentioned the name o Lady Khadijain Aishas presence; this annoyed Aisha, who said, She was an oldlady and Allah replaced her with a better one or you. Te Prophet(s.a.w.w.) was angered by what Aisha had said and he replied,

Allah did not give me (any other wie) better than her. She acceptedme when others rejected me. She believed me when others doubtedme. She shared her wealth with me when others kept their awayrom me and Allah gave me children only through her.


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abari, the amous Sunni scholar reports that the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)used to praise Khadija saying, Te best women o Paradiseare Khadija (daughter o Khuwailid). Fatima (the daughter oMuhammad (s.a.w.w.)), Maryam (daughter o Imran), and Asiya

(the daughter o Mudaim, the wie o Pharoah)

It is reported through Aisha that whenever a lamb wasslaughtered, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) would choose the best parts oit and send them to some women. When Aisha complained, theProphet (s.a.w.w.) told her that this women were very good riendso Khadija and thereore they were being honoured or that.

One last honour which was given to Hazrat Khadija because o herservices to Islam is, so ar as she was alive the Prophet did not marryany other woman. He gave his complete attention to her.


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certainly protect your ather and give him victory over the enemieso Islam.

As a child, she learned to be patient and courageous. She helped her

ather when there was no one to do so. Abdulla Ibne Masood saysthat once when the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was in prostration (Sajda)somebody rom Quraish threw dirt o sheep on his back. He stayedin that position till when Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) had removed the dirtrom his back. Tough she was not even nine years yet, she servedher ather so well that he gave her the title o Umm Abiha (TeMother o Her Father).

HER MIGRATION TO MEDINA

Afer the deaths o Hazrat Khadija and Abu alib, it becameimpossible or the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) to stay in Mecca. TeMeccans ound it easy to kill the Prophet (s.a.w.w.). Allah instructedthe Prophet (s.a.w.w.) to go to Medina in the darkness o the night.Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) lef or Medina secretly. Imam Ali (a.s.) waslef behind to take the Prophets amily to Medina.

Having finished all the jobs that had been lef to him by the Prophet(s.a.w.w.), Imam Ali (a.s.) started his journey to Medina. Hiscaravan was o our women: Fatima (s.a.) (daughter o the Prophet(s.a.w.w.), Fatima (s.a.) (Imam Alis mother), Fatima (daughter o

Hamza) and Fatima (daughter o Zubair Bin Abdul Muttalib). Tusbegan the first journey o Bibi Fatima (s.a.); A journey o 450 kmsto Medina.

Te way was ull o dangers. Her caravan was attacked by a gango eight people o Mecca at a place called Dhajnan. Tey had beensent by Quraish o Mecca. Tey wanted to take them back to Mecca.

Imam Ali (a.s.) ought with them and drove them away. Tecaravan then proceeded to Quba, where the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) waswaiting or them. From there they went to Medina to start a new lieat a new place.


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LIFE IN MEDINA

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.), as beore, was living with her ather. Shewas her athers duplicate. Aisha says, I have never seen anyother person more similar to the Prophets appearance, conduct,

guidance and speech whether sitting or standing than Fatima.

Another wie o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), Umm Salma says, Afermoving to Medina, the Messenger o Allah married me. He putFatima (s.a.) to my care. I was supposed to educate her but byAllah she was more educated and learned in all matters than I was.

She grew up to be a beautiul woman combining all the rarequalities ound in her ather and her mother: purity and piety. Herather used to say, Fatima is a human Huri; whenever I think oparadise, I kiss her. Annas Bin Malik reports his mother saying,Fatima (s.a.) was like a moon on its ull night, or the sun coveredwith no clouds. She was white with a touch o rose colour on herace. Her hair was black and she had the beautiul eatures o theMessenger o Allah. Muazzal bin Umar asked Imam Jaar Sadiq(a.s.) as to why Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was called Zahra, the Imamreplied, Because when she stood up to pray, light came out o herand shone or the inhabitants o heaven as lights rom planets shineor the inhabitants o the earth. Tis was the natural beauty that shehad been given by Allah.


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CHAPTER 4 :

HAZRAT FATIMAS MARRIAGE

PROPOSALS TO MARRY HAZRAT FATIMA (S.A.)

She was hardly nine years o age when messages asking or her handin marriage began to come to her ather. Tose who showed theirdesires to the Prophet to marry Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) included AbuBakr and Omar Bin Khattab. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) reused themall saying that Her matter is with Allah. Whenever He wishes shewill marry.

Ten Imam Ali (a.s.) went to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and asked orHazrat Fatimas hand in marriage. Umm Salma, one o the wives othe Prophet (s.a.w.w.), was present and she reports:Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) smiled, kept Imam Ali waiting, and wentto his daughter and said, you know how near Ali is to us and howdear he is to Islam. I have asked Allah to give you in marriage to

the best o his creatures and the most beloved to Him. Ali has hiswishes to marry you, what do you say?

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) did not reply but rom her ace the Prophetknew that she was happy about it.Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) said, Allahu Akbar. Her silence means herapproval.

He went back to Imam Ali and said, Ali! Do you have anything topay toward Fatimas marriage to you?Imam Ali (a.s.) replied, I have my sword, my coat o mail and mycamel which I use to water the date palms.

Te Messengers o Allah replied, Ali, you need your sword to fight

in the way o Allah and deend yoursel rom His enemies. As oryour camel you need it to water the date palms and to carry youwhen you are travelling. But your coat o mail will do, so sell itand bring the money or dowry. Te coat mail which the Prophet


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(s.a.w.w.) had given to Imam Ali (a.s.) afer the battle o Badr wassold or 500 dirhams. Imam Ali (a.s.) gave the money to the Prophet(s.a.w.w.). Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) divided it into three parts: one partwas to be spent on perumes and other such things needed in a

marriage, one part or buying household things, and the third partto pay towards ood to be served in celebrating the marriage.

THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY

Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) perormed the Nikah ceremony in themosque. Tis was on 1stZilhajj and the marriage celebration alsotook place in the ourth heaven, at a place called Bait Al Mamur.

Both Sunni and Shia scholars have reported this in theirbooks. Suyuti, the amous Sunni writer, says that the Prophet(s.a.w.w.), while in the Mosque, said to Imam Ali (a.s.), Here isGibrael inorming me that Allah gave Fatima to you in marriage,and made orty thousand Angels to witness this marriage. He(Allah) made the tree o uba to shed gems, rubies and jewellery.Te Houris then rushed to collect them.

Te actual marriage took place afer about a month rom the timeit was announced.

Imam Ali got a house o his own rom Harith Bin Noaman.

He then invited all people o Medina to the marriage lunch wherecooked meat, bread and butter were served. Everybody ate asmuch as he or she wanted. Tere was still ood lef. Tis was thendistributed to the people to take them home.

THE NIGHT OF THE MARRIAGE

By instructions o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), the bride was made ready

with a nice dress and perume. Te Prophet made her ride his horseand asked Salman, the Persian, to lead the horse. Te marriageprocession then lef or Imam Alis house.


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Ibne Abbas has described this marriage procession so well that weshall reproduce parts o these descriptions in the ollowing lines:When Fatima was taken to Alis house on her wedding nightthe Prophet was in ront, the Angel Gabriel was on her right and

Michael was on the lef. Seventy thousand Angels ollowed her.Tese Angels praised Allah until dawn.

Te Hashimite men, Abdul Muttalibs daughters and Muhajireenand Ansar women went with Fatima on that night. Te Prophetswives were walking in the ront and entered (her) house first.

On reaching Alis house, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) put Fatimas handin Alis hand and said:May Allah bless His messengers daughter. Ali! Tis is Fatima,you are responsible or her. Ali! What an excellent wie Fatima is.Fatima! What an excellent husband Ali is.O Allah, Bless them, their lives and their children. Oh Allah theyare the most beloved to me rom amongst your creatures, so lovethem too and be their guardian. I put them and their progeny inyour protection rom the evils o devil. He then ordered all thewomen to leave the house.

Another companion o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) called Said Al Ansarireports that on the day o the marriage the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)

visited the newlyweds. He told Hazrat Fatima (s.a.), I havemarried you to the Lord o this World and a righteous person o theHereafer.

He then gave a cup o yogurt first to her and then to Imam Aliasking them to drink it.

HAZRAT FATIMAS DOWRYTe Prophet (s.a.w.w.) limited this to 500 dirhams. Afer this eventall marriages that took place in the house o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)were limited to this amount.


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Te marriage o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was carried out under thepersonal supervision o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) himsel. He madesure that his daughter got the most necessary things and at a verysmall cost. Te things which she took to her husbands house are:

one shirt (costing 7 dirhams) one veil (costing 4 dirhams) a black piece o velvet cloak made at Khaiber a bedspread with ribbons two mattresses o Egyptian canvas (one filled with palm fibres

another with wool) our pillows made rom hide and stuffed with sweet smelling

plains -made rom ai a thin woollen screen a stone bowl or drinking water or yoghurt a bowl or storing water a pitcher a porcelain mug pieces o skin a cotton cloth a water skin

Seeing these things the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) said, Oh Allah blessthem (the bride and the bridegroom) or they are o those peoplemost o whose belongings are made o natural materials.

Although the marriage o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was done on asimple level with ewer costs, no other marriage was as blessed asthis one or the ollowing reasons:

Allah Himsel decided as to who was to marry her. Foraccording to the Sunni scholar, abrani, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)is reported to have said to his daughter Fatima, Surely,

Allah has examined people o the earth and chose yourFather to be the Prophet (s.a.w.w.). He, then examined themand chose your husband, then revealed to me that I give youto him in marriage and appoint him my successor.


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Te marriage ceremony was held not only on this earth butalso in the heavens by Allahs orders. Jabir Bin AbdullahAnsari reports to have heard the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) say: ByAllah who sent me with honour and made me His Messenger,

when Allah gave Fatima (s.a.) to Ali in marriage, he orderedAngels including Gibrael, Michael and Israfil to surround theTrone. He (Allah) ordered birds to sing and ordered the treeo uba to shed pearls, green stones and red rubies.

Angels took part in this marriage here on the earth Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) himsel supervised the marriage Allah gave Hazrat Fatima (s.a.), as wedding gif, the

authority to speak or sinners on the day o judgement andsave them rom hell fire.

Te occasion o Hazrat Fatimas marriage can be summarizedin a very good way in the words o the Prophets well knowncompanion, Jabir bin Abdullah Ansari who is reported to have said,We were present at Fatimas and Alis (a.s.) wedding ceremony andindeed we have not seen any ceremony better than that one.


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CHAPTER 5 :

HAZRAT FATIMA S.A.: AN IDEAL WOMAN

HAZRAT FATIMA (S.A.) AS AN EXAMPLE FOR ALL WOMEN

For man, the Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.), was a perectexample to be ollowed in all matters o this lie. Allah calls him inthe Quran Uswatun Hasanah (Ch.33 v.21) or a perect example.For the Muslim women, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was the perectexample; or says the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), Te best o your menis Ali Ibn Abu alib and the best o your women is Fatima Bint

Muhammad. Tis idea is also ound in the amous Sunni bookMustadrak (the writer was Malik Naishapuri) which reports theProphet (s.a.w.w.) addressing Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) as Te leader othe Women o the World, this Ummah and the believing women.Tough she lived a very short lie o only eighteen years (some sayshe lived or twenty eight years) yet she lef behind her, excellentexamples or Muslim women to ollow and thereby lead a pure lie.

HAZRAT FATIMA S.A. AS A DAUGHTER

O all the children o the Prophet born rom Hazrat Khadija, shewas the only child to survive. At the time o her mothers deathshe was only five years. But she was a great help to her ather Shecomorted him when the whole world was against him. She helpedhim clean himsel or the dirt the enemies o Islam had thrown on

him. When these enemies hurt him and blood was flowing rom hiswounds, she would dress these wounds. Te care and comort thatthis little girl o not even nine gave to her ather made him call herUmm Abiha or the Mother o your Father.

Normally, once a girl is married, she thinks very little o herparents. But this was not so with Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). Whereas she

was the best mother to her children and the best wie to her husband,she remained a very devoted daughter to her ather. Te Prophetalso married other women and had another child, Hazrat Ibrahimrom Maria Qibtia. He was a good husband to them and a good


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ather to Ibrahim, but his love or his daughter Fatima remained asbeore. Examples are given below to show how the daughter and theather continued to love each other although times changed.

When the battle o Uhud took place, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) wasalready a married woman. But when she heard that her atherwas wounded, she hurried to the battle field. She noticed that theProphets orehead had been badly cut, his tooth broken and his acecovered with blood. She cleaned his ace and dressed the woundswith ash obtained by burning a piece o rope.

As or the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), he visited her every day. Whenever hewent out o Medina, he would visit her last and upon coming backhe would visit her first. abari, the amous Sunni historian, reportsAbu Talabah as saying, Every time the Prophet o Allah cameback rom a journey, or a war, he would go to the Mosque. Tere hewould pray two Rakah prayers. Ten he would go to Fatima (s.a.)and then he would visit his wives.

He loved her to call him Father. When the verses o Quransaying Do not call the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) like you call each other,was revealed, she started calling him Messenger o Allah. TeProphet then said, Fatima, this verse is not or you and youramily, or you are rom me and I am rom you; Call me Father; it

surely is better or my heart and more pleasant to Allah.

HAZRAT FATIMA S.A. AS A WIFE

She was an excellent wie to Imam Ali (a.s.) and he was anexcellent husband to her. Imam All himsel is reported to have said,By Allah, I never made Fatima (s.a.) angry or orced her to dosomething she did not like to do up to the day she died. Nor did she

ever make me angry or disobeyed me. In act, when I looked at her,worries and sadness would get out o me.

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) had taken upon hersel to do all the work


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Ali (a.s.) said, She was the everlasting soul o paradise. Her sweetsmell is in my heart and soul, even though she is no more with me.

HAZRAT FATIMA S.A. AS A MOTHER

In her short lie, she had our children: Imam Hasan (a.s.), ImamHusayn (a.s.), Hazrat Zainab (s.a.) and Umm Kulthum (s.a.). Herfifh child, Mohsin, died at the time o birth, just a ew days beoreshe passed away rom this world. But in those ew years she was aperect mother.

She gave her children the best upbringing that made them all be

the best people in the world. Besides teaching them how to spendtheir entire lives in the way o Allah, she also taught them todevelop an excellent character. She brought them up with love andkindness but also prepared them to ace the hardship o lie. AsmaBinti Umays reports that one day the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) came toHazrat Fatimas house and inquired or Imam Hasan (a.s.) andImam Husayn (a.s.). As they were not home, she said, odaymorning, when they woke up there was no ood to give to them.Ali thereore took them with him so that they do not remain athome crying or ood. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) went where the twochildren were. Imam Ali lef the children under the care o theProphet (s.a.w.w.) and went to etch water or a Jew who paid himwith one piece o date or every pail o water he drew rom the well.

Having collected a handul o dates they all returned home to shareit with Hazrat Fatima. Such was the training that the children oHazrat Fatima received.

It is not surprising that Hazrat Zainab and Umm Kulthum werethe most educated persons in the knowledge o Islam and Quran.Hazrat Fatima hersel taught her daughters or as long as she lived.

Hazrat Zainab and Umm Kulthum were scholars o their times.Many authentic Ahadith have been quoted rom them.


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CHAPTER 6 :

HAZRAT FATIMAS CHARACTER

AND PERSONALITY

Nothing is harder or human being than to describe the charactero Hazrat Fatima (s.a.), this is because she was a special creation oAllah and was perect in every way. Te Prophet used to say thatFatima is Houri o Paradise but in human orm. She has beenpraised by Allah in the Holy Quran in the ollowing verse: AndAllah Wills to keep un-cleanliness away rom you, you members o

the amily and to puriy you a thorough purification. (Ch.33. v.33)

How can anyone then describe the character o such a great person?One o the ways o doing this is to turn to another pure personin her amily and use his words to explain about her. So we turnto Imam Jaar Sadiq (a.s.) who has described Hazrat Fatimascharacter in terms o nine names by which she is known in presence

o Allah. Tese names and what they tell us about her character aredescribed in the ollowing paragraphs:

SIDDIQA (T T O)

Tis title was given to her by the Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad(s.a.w.w.). It is reported that the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) said to Imam Ali(a.s.), Oh Ali, you have three things which none has, not even me;

You have me as your ather-in-law, as my ather-in-law was not likeme.You have, as your wie, SIDDIQA my daughter, none o my wivesis like her,You have as your sons Hasan and Husayn; I have no sons who arelike them.But you are rom me and I am rom you.

Once Muaddhal bin Omar asked the sixth Imam, Hazrat JaarSadiq (a.s.) as to who gave Ghusl Mayyit (the bath given tothe dead) to Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). Te Imam replied, Amir Al


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Mumineen (a.s.); the Imam added, ... or Fatima (s.a.) was aSIDDIQA and no one could give her this bath except a SIDDIQ,like Mariam (another SIDDIQA) was given her Ghusl Mayyit byIssa (another SIDDIQ).

Hazrat Fatima was so truthul that whatever she said became theRUH! Once, on a day beore EID, her sons Hasan (a.s.) andHusayn (a.s.) asked her i they could have new clothes or EID. Shetold them that their dress was with the dressmaker. Allah sent theArchangel Gibrael to Hazrat Fatimas house with two pairs o gownsrom Paradise with the instructions that Gibrael introduce himsel

as a dressmaker.

MUBARAKAH (T B O)

Indeed, she was the greatest blessing o Allah to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)and to Islam itsel. Allah himsel confirms this in Sura Kauthar(Chapter 108). Indeed the progeny o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) wasbrought through her.

According to the amous Sunni scholar abari, the Prophet himselused to say, Allah made the offspring o every Prophet (s.a.w.w.)through that Prophets loins, and he made my offspring in theloins o Ali. All sons are linked to their athers except the sons oFatima, or I am their ather and their closest relative.

TAHIRA (T V)

ZAKEEAH (P)

Tese qualities have been given to her especially by Allah whoconfirms it in the ollowing verse o the Quran: And Allah Wills tokeep un-cleanliness away rom you, you members o the amily andto puriy you a thorough purification. (Ch.33, v.33)

Commenting on this verse, the amous Sunni scholar, Ibne Athirsays, Te verse and Allah only Wills... was revealed when theProphet (s.a.w.w.) had with him under his cloak Fatima (s.a.),


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Hasan (a.s.) and Husayn (a.s.) and Ali (a.s.) was behind him. TeProphet (s.a.w.w.) then said, Tis is my amily, thereore remove allun-cleanliness rom them and make them pure and spotless .

Another Sunni scholar Sibt Bin Jawzi quotes an eyewitness sayingI saw the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) coming with Ali (a.s.), Hasan (a.s.) andHusayn (a.s.) and they went in a room. He ordered Hasan to sit onhis right lap and Husayn on his lef lap and Fatima (s.a.) and Ali(a.s.) to sit near him. He then covered himsel and them all with acloak and read, And Allah only Wills Ten he prayed to Allah, OAllah, truly these are (members o my amily).

RADHIA (O ) MARDHIA (T )

She was always satisfied with whatever Allah wished or her. Onceshe asked her ather i he could give her a maid to help her in herhousework. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) replied, Fatima, I will giveyou something that is better than a servant. Afer every prayer say

Allahu Akbar 34 times, Alhamdulillah 33 times and Subhanallah33 times. Surely this is better or you than what you wanted...She replied, I am pleased with Allah and his Messenger.

She started reading what her ather had taught her or as long asshe lived and it came to be known (and is still known) as asbih-e-Fatima.

Allah, too, was satisfied with her and honoured her especially inmany ways. Allah made her Muhadditha, Zahra and Batul.

MUHADDITHA (O A)Shaykh Suduq, a amous Shia scholar, writes that Imam Jaar Sadiqsaid, Fatima was called MUHADDIHA because Angels came

to her rom heaven and addressed her, as they had addressedMariam Bint Imran, saying Oh Fatima! Allah has chosen you (tobe) above the women o all nations.


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In short, she was called MUHADDIHA because she talked withAngels.

ZAHRA (T L L)

Allama Majlisi quotes Ibne Abbas who heard the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)say: Surely my daughter is the leader o all women rom thebeginning to the end. She is part o me and the light o my eyes.She is the flower o my head and is my soul. She is a human Houri.Whenever she stands in prayers in the presence o her Lord (Allah)light comes rom her and makes the sky bright. Te earth shines tothe Angels like star shines to the people o earth.

Somebody asked Imam Sadiq (a.s.) as to why Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)was called Zahra. Te Imam replied, Because when she stood upin prayers in the Mehrab, her light would shine to the inhabitantso heaven as the lights o planets shine to the people o the earth.

BATUL (T V O)

So as to give you exact meaning o this quality we shall give hereseveral reports rom various scholars o Islam:

1. Shaykh Sulaiman Qunduzi, the amous Sunni Qazi oConstamnopel says, She (Fatima) was sae rommenstruation and bleeding at the time o giving birth to achild.

2. Al-Kashfi Al Hanafi says in his book Manaqib: Fatima (s.a.)was called Al-Batul because she was sae rom that whichwomen experience every month (menstruation).

3. Te author o arikh Al Kabir writes on the authority oUm Salma who says, Fatima has never menstruated nordischarged childbed blood.

4. Te amous Sunni scholar, Suyuti, says, Among Fatimas

extraordinary qualities is that she did not menstruate andwhen she gave birth to a child she would immediately becomepurified so as not to miss her prayers.

5. Te amous Sunni historian, abari, says that Asma Bint


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Umays said, When Fatima (s.a.) gave birth to Hasan shedid not bleed; indeed, she does not experience menstrualbleeding at all. When I inormed the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) aboutthis he said, Do you not know that my daughter is pure and

chaste? She does not discharge blood rom childbirth ormenstruation.

HER OTHER CHARACTERISTICS

Over and above these nine qualities, there are many more sides toHazrat Fatimas character some o which are described below.

1. HER PIETY:-

Afer the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) and Imam Ali (a.s.), no one elseunderstood Allah more than she did. Her true knowledge(Maaria) o Allah had a great effect on her. When she stoodto pray, it is said that the ear o Allah would make her breath ast.

According to the writer o Bihar ul Anwar the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)said, ...whenever Fatima stands or prayers in Mihrab beore herAllah, light comes out o her and shines to the Angels o Heavenjust as a star shines to mankind on earth.

Allah says to the Angels, Look on my servant Fatima, who is theleader o all women, prays beore me. Her limbs shake out o my

ear...

According to Hasan Al-Basri, there was no other Muslim womanwho prayed as much as did Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). She would prayuntil her legs would swell.

Once on a Friday night, Imam Hasan (a.s.) saw her pray all night.

He heard her pray or believers by naming each o them, but didnot ask rom Allah or anything or hersel. When he inquired whythis was so she said, My son, give your neighbours preerence overyoursel.


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Muslims became good. From the Maale Ghanimah (property andriches got rom wars) many Muslims became rich. But not HazratFatima (s.a.) and her amily. All that they got, they spent in theway o Islam. Several times when the needy and the travellers came

to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) or help, he would send them to HazratFatimas house and she would never send them empty-handed. Onone occasion she gave away her necklace o great sentimental value(it being a gif rom her cousin Fatima Bint Hamza) to a beggar asshe didnt have anything else to give.

In the last ew years o her lie, her ather had given her the estate o

Fadak. It is said that the annual income rom this estate was not lessthan 20,000 dinars. In those days this was a lot o money. Tis washers to spend. However, she used only that amount o money romFadak that was needed to eed her children. Te remaining part wasgiven away in charity to the needy.

4. HER KNOWLEDGE:-

She was a very knowledgeable person though went to no school.She had her knowledge directly rom Allah, and then there was herather Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.) who was another teacher orher. A ew incidents are given below to show the greatness o herknowledge.

Once the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) asked all those who were presentin the Mosque o Medina, What is the best thing or a woman?Everybody gave his reply but none satisfied the Prophet (s.a.w.w.).Imam Ali (a.s.) went to Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) to get her reply. Shesaid, Te best thing or a woman is not to see men, and not to letmen see them.

When the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) heard her reply he was pleased andsatisfied. He said, Surely she has spoken the truth or she is part ome.


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She was the teacher or women who needed religious and other dayto day guidance. Imam Hasan Askari (a.s.) [We shall learn moreabout him in Unit #13] says that a woman came to Hazrat Fatimaand asked questions that the womans mother wanted to know.

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) gave the answers. Te mother asked morequestions and Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) replied them all. Te motherasked still more questions. Her daughter apologized to HazratFatima (s.a.). Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) replied, Ask any questions thatcome in your mind. She added, I a person was hired to carry aload to the top o a mountain or a reward o one thousand dinars,would he mind doing so? Te woman replied No, Hazrat

Fatima continued, My reward or answering each question is more(in value) than what it takes pearls to fill in the space between theearth and the sky.

And then she went on narrating Hadith rom her ather, theProphet (s.a.w.w.), on the rewards that scholars o Islam would getrom Allah on the Day o Judgement. Indeed, she is one o the mostreliable sources o (hadith) o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.).

Her knowledge o every branch o Islam and every part o Qurancan be seen in her sermon (Khutba) which she gave in the court oAbu Bakr when she came to ask him to return to her the estate oFadak. [We shall talk more about this incident in Chapter seven].

As this Khutba is very long we do not reproduce it here. o supporther claim and to prove that Abu Bakr was wrong, she quoted morethan twenty verses o the Quran. Abu Bakr had no reply to give toher. In her closing words she challenged him in these words, Soyou do what you want and wait, and we too shall wait...

Her knowledge was o such high quality that she could talk with

Angels. She would receive some special inormation which wascollected in a book called Musha according to Allama Majlisiwho reports on the authority o Imam Sadiq (a.s.). Tis book hadinormation on Islamic Law, e.g. legal punishments. Te book also


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CHAPTER 7 :

HAZRAT FATIMAS DEATH AND BURIAL

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) did not live a long lie. She died betweenseventy five to ninety days afer the Prophets death at a ripe ageo eighteen, Te death o her beloved ather was too much orher. Added to this great loss, was the injustices that she and herhusband had to suffer rom the hands o Muslims immediately aferthe Prophets death. Te immediate cause o her tragic death wasrom her illness that she got afer she was hit with burning door by

a man named Qunus on the instructions o the Government o theday.

Te events that led to her death are narrated below.

THE PROPHETS DEATH

In the year 11 AH, immediately afer the Prophet had returned

rom Hajj, he became ill. He knew that soon he would leave thisearth, and he let everyone know o this. According to Ibne Abbas(as reported by Shaykh Mufid) when the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was onhis deathbed people saw him crying so much that his beard andshirt became wet with tears.

Somebody asked him, What makes you cry so much, O the

Messenger o Allah?Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) answered, I am crying or my progeny(Ahlul-Bayt) against whom many crimes will be committed byUmmah afer my death.It is as i I can see my daughter Fatima (s.a.) being oppressed andshe calling out Oh ather, but none rom my Ummah coming orher help.

On hearing this Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) began to weep.Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) said, Do net weep, my daughter.


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Im not weeping or what will beall on me but because I will beseparated rom you, O the Messenger o Allah.

Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) then said, Rejoice, Te daughter o

Muhammad. For you will be the first one among the Ahlul-Bayt toollow me.

Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) finally lef this world, his last words to herwere: Daughter Im leaving you; Peace be on you rom me.

HAZRAT FATIMAS HOUSE ON FIRE

Although the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) had let his Ummah know that itwas the wish o Allah that afer him (Te Prophet [s.a.w.w.]) ImamAli (a.s.) should be his successor, some Muhajirs and Ansar met at aplace called Saqia Bani Saada and chose Abu Bakr to be the Calipho the Muslims. Imam Ali (a.s.) was not present at Saqia because hewas busy arranging or the burial o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.).

When he came to know o what had happened at Saqia, Imam Aliwas very much hurt. He reused to accept Abu Bakr as the successoro the Prophet. He retired in the house o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.).TeGovernment was very angry with Imam Ali (a.s.). o get him out othe house o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.), the governments people set fireon the door o the house. Te door was then pushed in. Imam Ali

(a.s.) was taken to Abu Bakr by orce.

Te burning door ell on Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) and hurt her so muchthat her ribs were broken. Te child Muhsin, who was in her wombwas killed and was still-born.

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) went crying to the Mosque. Imam Ali (a.s.)

was let ree only when Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was about to ask orAllahs curse on those who had captured Imam Ali (a.s.) and werethreatening to kill him. Imam Ali went to the Prophets grave andwith tears in his eyes, complained to him saying, Oh my Brother,


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your people now treat me with disrespect and are threatening tokill me.

HAZRAT FATIMAS S.A. PROPERTY, FADAK, IS

CONFISCATEDTe Muslims who had migrated to Medina had lef behind all theirunmoveable properties in Mecca. All such Muslims were paidback by the Prophet rom the revenues and wealth obtained romMaale-Ghanima (war booty). Te last person to be paid back inthis way was Hazrat Fatima (s.a.).

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) had inherited unmoveable property rom hermother Khadija in Mecca. On migrating to Medina she lost all theseproperties. But her ather, the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) had decided notto compensate her until everyone else was compensated. She wascompensated in 7 AH with the estate o Fadak.

Te estate o Fadak was a personal property o the Prophet. It wasobtained by the Prophet without a war. It belonged ully to him andhe could do with it whatever he wished.

How did the Prophet get the estate o Fadak?Afer the battle o Khaiber, those Jews who lived in theneighbourhood o Khaiber but had not ought the Muslims,

decided to make peace by offering the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) parts oland that belonged to them. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) agreed and theJews gave him Fadak.

Fadak was located in the neighbourhood o Khaiber. In those daysit was about two to three days walk rom Medina. It was madeo seven villages. It was very ertile and had been ully put to

agricultural use. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) got hal o the Fadak. Atthe time o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), the yearly income rom Fadakwas about 20,000 dinars. Te revenue was collected in threeinstalments. Out o this revenue Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) took just


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enough money or ood or her children. Te remaining revenuewas spent afer the needy.

According to Abu Said Khudri, the Prophet gave Fadak to Hazrat

Fatima (s.a.) when the ollowing verse o the Quran was revealed tothe Prophet: And give to the near o kin his due and to the needyand the wayarer...(Ch.17, v.26).

Tat the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) himsel gave Fadak to Hazrat Fatima(s.a.) has been confirmed by such scholars as Ibne Hajar Makki,Ahmed Ibne Hambal and Ibne Abil Hadid.

Hazrat Fatima hired people to take care o Fadak. Tis arrangementcontinued or our years until the death o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.).Ten the government took Fadak away rom Hazrat Fatima (s.a.).

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) went to complain against this injustice in thecourt o Abu Bakr. As a matter o act, Fadak had been taken away

rom her on Abu Bakrs orders.

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) first complained that Fadak was her propertywhich the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) had given to her as a gif during hislietime. Abu Bakr asked her to produce witnesses to support herclaim. When she produced her witnesses, he rejected them. Herwitnesses were Imam Ali (a.s.), Imam Hasan (a.s.), Imam Husayn

(a.s.) and Um Ayman. Abu Bakr rejected Imam Ali (a.s.) becausehe was her husband. He reused to accept Imam Hasan (a.s.) andImam Husayn (a.s.) because they were too young! He reused UmAyman as a witness because she was a woman!

When all her witnesses were not accepted, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)brought another reason why she should get back Fadak. She asked

it to be given to her as her Fathers inheritance. Abu Bakr reused todo so saying that he had heard the Prophet say that We, the groupo Prophets do not inherit nor are we inherited; what we leave isor Alms.


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No one else had ever heard this Hadith beore. Hazrat Fatimaargued that the Prophet could never have said such a thing as it istotally against Quran. She quoted the ollowing verses o the Quranwhich prove her point:

... and Sulaiman inherited Dawood ... (Ch.27, v.16). Nabi Zakaria prays to Allah saying, Tereore give me a

heir, who shall inherit me and inherit Te House o Yakub.(Ch.19, v.5-6).

And those o you (who are) related by blood have rights overone another in the book o Allah. (Ch.8, v.75).

Allah orders you about your children; the male shall have the

equal o two (parts o the emales). (Ch.4, v.11). Bequest is prescribed or you when one o you nears death, i

he leaves wealth, it is to be inherited by his parents and nearrelations. (2:180).

Abu Bakr still reused to return to Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) what rightlywas hers.

According to the well known Sunni scholar Sibt Ibne Jawzi afersometime Abu Bakr decided to return Fadak to Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)and even wrote instructions to that effect. However, Omar BinKhattab tore away those instructions saying to Abu Bakr: Withwhat will you spend on the Muslims i the Arabs decided to fight

with you?

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) thereore went home empty-handed. Shenever talked with Abu Bakr and Umar again till she died.

It is interesting to note that although Fadak was taken away romher on the grounds that it belonged to the State, it came to be

treated like it was a personal property o the rulers who pretendedto be the successors o the Prophet.

For example, during the rulership o Othman, the third caliph,


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he gave Fadak to Marwan, his son-in-law. During the times oMuawiya, Fadak was jointly owned by Marwan, Amr Bin Othmanand Yazid Bin Muawiya. But when Marwan became the ruler heowned it all alone. His son, Abdul Aziz inherited it rom him.

When Abdul Aziz died, Fadak passes to his son Omar who gave itto the grand-grand children o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). Te UmayyadKing who came afer Omar Bin Abdul Aziz snatched it rom BaniFatima and it remained with Bani Umayyah until when Bani Abbascame in power.

Te first Bani Abbas Ruler, Saffah, gave Fadak to Abdullah Bin

Hasan (a grandchild o Imam Hasan). Te second Ruler MansoorDawanaqi took it back. His son Mahdi gave it back to thedescendants o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). Harun Rashid took it back buthis son Mamoon returned it to the descendants o Hazrat Fatima(s.a.). Mutawakkil again took it back. Te present Saudi rulers havetotally destroyed Fadak and it has been removed rom the map.

HAZRAT FATIMA S.A. MOURNS FOR HER FATHER

Te death o the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was a great loss or HazratFatima (s.a.). She ound lie without him to be very difficult or her.

On top that, her husbands and her own rights were taken awayrom them. She was insulted; her husband was ill-treated. She was

severely injured by the Governments orders. Her appeals to theMuslims to help her were ignored.

Tese were the things that she would mention when crying orher Father. Fiddha, her maid, says that on the eighth day afer theProphets death, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) went to the Prophets graveand read a long Marthiya (sad poem); parts o the Marthiya are

reproduced below:... Father, peoples intentions have changed and doors have beenclosed on my ace so I hate this world afer you; my tears shall beshed or you...


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... Father we became afer you as the oppressed. Father! Peopleignored us afer you.... How pained I am or you until I soon join you...

Imam Ali built a shelter or her in the graveyard o Baqi. Shewould take her sons Imam Hasan (a.s.) and Imam Husayn (a.s.)every morning and stay there mourning her ather till evening.

Ten she became too weak to go anywhere. At the young age oeighteen, Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) became so weak that she needed awalking cane and somebodys support to move around in the house.

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) hersel summarized the problems that acedher in the ollowing words: I the problems that ell on me hadallen on a bright day, it would turn into a dark night.

HAZRAT FATIMAS LAST DAY OF THIS EARTH

One day, during the time when Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was ill in bed,Imam Ali (a.s.) returned home and he ound very busy, cookingand cleaning her children, Imam Hasan (a.s.) and Imam Husayn(a.s.). Imam Ali (a.s.) asked her as to why she was so hard working.

ears started flowing rom her eyes. She told him that on theprevious night she had seen her ather in a dream. She told him

about the troubles that she had to go through afer his death andthat she ound lie without him very difficult. Her ather, theProphet (s.a.w.w.) consoled her and told her not to worry anymorebecause afer one day she would be with him.

By this dream Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) knew that it was her last day. Soshe wanted to do all that she could or her beloved children beore

she was separated rom them by death.

Tis news made Imam Ali (a.s.) very sad.


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CHAPTER 8 :

HAZRAT FATIMA S.A.:

HER POSITION IN ISLAM

In Islam, Prophet Muhammad (s.a.w.w.) is the best creation oAllah. No other creature is more beloved to Allah than him. Aferthe Prophet (s.a.w.w.) come Imam Ali (a.s.), Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)comes next to Imam Ali (a.s.). Amongst women o Islam, nowoman is more important than is Hazrat Fatima (s.a.).

HAZRAT FATIMAS S.A. POSITION IN THEPRESENCE OF ALLAH

o make other creatures aware o Hazrat Fatimas greatness, Allahgave her some special qualities that He (Allah) did not give toothers. Consider the ollowing examples.

1. Angels visited her with special messages and salams romAllah. She was capable o noting down conversation between

Allah and His Angels as she tells us so in Hadithul Kisa2. Allah, purified her (as He says so in the verses o atheer)

so much that she was Masuma (meaning she would nevercommit a sin or make mistakes). Tis purity in her became aquality o all the 11 Imams [Imam Hasan (a.s.), Imam Husayn(a.s.), and other 9 Imams rom the progeny o Imam Husayn(a.s.)].

3. Allah gave her two physical qualities that no other woman inthis world got (one o the qualities, i.e. Batool was given alsoto Mariam, mother o Nabi Isa): She was Batool and Zahra(details about these two qualities have already been providedin chapter 6).

4. Allah revealed Suratud Dahr (Chapter 76 in the Quran) inher praise. Tere are many other verses in the Quran whichwere revealed in her honour, e.g. verses o atheer andverses o Muwaddah.

5. Allah gave her, as her gif, when she was married to Imam Ali


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(a.s.), the power to do Shaa (save Muslims rom hell-fire)on the day o Qiyamat.

6. Allah will give Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) a special honour on theday o Qiyamat as has been narrated by the amous Sunni

scholar Ibne Hajar Makki in his book, Sawaiq Al-Muhriqa,inthe ollowing way:Te Messenger o Allah said, A caller shall call rom beneaththe Trone (Arsh): O people o Mahshar, lower your headsand cast down your eyes so that Fatima Bint Muhammad(s.a.w.w.) may pass; he then added, she will then pass accom-panied by seventy thousand Houri o Jannah. Afer that she

will do Shaa or the sinners among Muslims.

HAZRAT FATIMAS POSITION IN THE

EYES OF THE PROPHET S.A.W.W.

Both Sunni and Shia historians have recorded that the Prophet(s.a.w.w.) loved no one else as dearly as he did Hazrat Fatima.

abari, the popular Sunni historian, reports that once Imam Ali(a.s.) asked the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), O Messenger o Allah! Whoin your amily is most dear to you? Fatima, my daughter, hereplied.

Te amous Sunni scholar Imam Bukhari says the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)

used to say, Fatima is part o me. Whoever harms her harms me.

Aisha is also reported to have said, I have never seen anyone moresimilar to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) than Fatima (s.a.) in speech and inmanners. Whenever she entered the house, he would stand to greether, kiss her hands and ask her to sit next to him.

Shaykh Sulaiman Qunduzi says, in his Yanabi al-Muwadda, on theauthority o Aisha that: Whenever the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) returnedrom a trip he would kiss Fatima (s.a.) and say, From her do I smellthe sweet smell o Paradise.


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Te amous Sunni scholar Hakim says in his bookMustadrakthatthe Prophet (s.a.w.w.) said to Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) Are you notsatisfied that you are the leader o the women o the world, theUmmah and believing women?.

Te same author quotes Buraida saying: Te most beloved to theMessenger o Allah rom among women is Fatima (s.a.) and romamong men is Ali.

Did the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) show so much love, respect and honourto Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) only because she was his daughter?

Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was honoured so highly by the Prophet not justbecause she was his daughter but more so because Allah had givenher special qualities which required the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) to giveher a special attention.

It was also very necessary or Muslims to know o HazratFatimas special position in the presence o Allah. Te onlyperson who could tell Muslims do so was the Prophet (s.a.w.w.).And the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) did as very well as has been explained bythe examples given above.

HAZRAT FATIMAS POSITION IN THE

EYES OF IMAM ALI A.S.One o the greatest honours he gave her was: In her lietime henever married any other woman.

Just beore her death when she was about to tell him o her lastwishes, she said to him out o modesty, Cousin, was I everuntruthul and ill-devoted or disobedient to you rom the first day

I started living with you.

Te reply Imam Ali (a.s.) gave tells us how highly he valued herImam Ali said:


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Allah Forbid! You are so knowledgeable about Allah, so devoted,so pious and honourable, so Allah-earing, that you could neverdisobey me. It pains me to part with you and to lose you, but it issomething that cannot be avoided. By Allah, you have started all

over again that sorrow which I went through by losing the Propheto Allah. Your death and loss are too much or me. But, we belongto Allah and to him Shall we all return.

Tis is a misortune or which I cannot be consoled and a tragedyor which there is no way to make it good.

Again, to show how much Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) meant to him, ImamAli (a.s.) expresses his eeling by saying the ollowing words afer hehad buried her:Now what had been given to me as a trust has been taken back. Mygrie is limitless and I shall spend sleepless nights till Allah choosesor me the house in which you are resting (death)..... My Salams toyou both, the Salam o one ull o sadness.....

Again, afer burying her and when he was about to return to hisgrieving daughters, he says:Friends live together or a short time and then depart; the timeo living together is very short. My riends Ahmed and Fatimaollowed each other leaving me alone. How short was the tide o

love and tenderness, in this changing world where nothing livesorever.

So long as he lived, he remembered her and wept or her saying,Fatima (s.a.) was the everlasting soul o heaven. Her smell still livesin my heart and soul though she physically is no more with me.

No wonder, thereore, that whereas he kept quiet even though helost everything that belonged to him afer the death o the Prophet(s.a.w.w.), he was very angry and was not ready to keep quiet whensome people wanted to dig the grave o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) afer


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CHAPTER 9 :

HAZRAT FATIMAS S.A. FAMILY

HER HUSBAND

Although many rich and amous companions o the Prophet(s.a.w.w.) had wished to marry her, the Prophet gave her inmarriage to Imam Ali (a.s.). She lived with Imam Ali (a.s.) or nineyears until her death. Shaykh Suduq says in his book Al-Amalionthe authority o Imam Jaar Sadiq (a.s.) that it was the wish o Allahthat so ar as she was alive, Imam Ali (a.s.) should not marry any

other woman. Imam Ali (a.s.) did not thereore marry any otherwoman till Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) lef this world.

HER CHILDREN

She had our children; Imam Hasan (a.s.), Imam Husayn (a.s.),Hazrat Zainab (s.a.) and Hazrat Umm Kulthum (s.a.). Te fifh child,Muhsin, was martyred, when he was still in his mothers womb.

Separate units have been prepared on the lie history o Imam Hasan(a.s.) and Imam Husayn (a.s.). So we do not provide any moreinormation on them here.

HAZRAT ZAINAB S.A.

She was born afer Imam Husayn (a.s.). Neither the year nor the

date o the birth is very certain. Most probably she was born in theyear 6 AH on 1stShaban or 5th Jamadi-ul-Awwal.

When she was born the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was present in Medina.Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) and Imam Ali (a.s.) thereore did not nameher. When the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) returned to Medina, the child wasplaced in his hands and he was requested to name her; he named

her Zainab. At that very occasion, the Angel Gibrael brought thenews to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.), that one day Zainab would deendIslam and or that she will suffer a lot rom the hands o the enemieso Islam.


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She grew up to a very intelligent child. When she was still veryyoung and while sitting in the laps o her ather, Imam Ali (a.s.),she asked him, Father! Do you love me? Yes, my daughter, hereplied. Do you also love Allah?, she asked. Yes, my daughter,

he replied. Oh my ather, i you love Allah, then how can you loveme too? Oh my daughter, I love you because Allah wishes me todo so. He then praised her or asking such an intelligent question.

While still very young, she knew the Whole Quran by heart.

When she was eleven years old, she was married to Abdullah Bin

Jaar who was also her cousin (Abdullah was the son o Jaar binAbu alib). In act, years ago beore this marriage had taken place,the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) looking at the children o Jaar and Imam Alihad said, Tey are all our children and they are or each other.

It is not very clear as to how many children were born rom thismarriage. What is clear is two sons o Abdullah bin Jaar namedAun and Muhammad were in company o Hazrat Zainab at Karbalaand they were martyred in the name o Allah. According to thehistorian Shaykh Abbas Qummi only one o these two sons, Aun,was born o Hazrat Zainab, the other son Muhammad being bornrom Abdullahs first wie.

Hazrat Zainab was so intelligent that she was called Aqila o BaniHashim. She used to run classes or women on Quranic studiesand Islamic law, yet she never attended any school hersel. Herknowledge was direct rom Allah. Tis is why the ourth Imam,Hazrat Ali Bin Husayn called her Aalimatun Ghayr Muallimah (inArabic this means: a scholar who did not learn rom anyone else).

She was present in Karbala and played a very important part, aferthe martyrdom o Imam Husayn (a.s.), in saving Islam. Tis iswhy she is also called Sharikatul Husayn or the partner o ImamHusayn (a.s.).


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Afer the martyrdom o Imam Husayn (a.s.) she was taken asprisoner to Kua and then to Damascus. She was released togetherwith other members o Imam Husayns (a.s.) amily afer remainingin prison or not less than one year. Afer her release, she did not

live long and died at the age o about 57 years. A mourning day oher is observed every year on 15tho Rajab.

Historians do not agree on the place where she was buried. Tereare several possible places where she could have been buried.

Some say she is buried in Jannatul Baqi in Medina but cannot say

exactly where. Others say she is buried in Cairo, Egypt. As a mattero act, a Mausoleum has been built in Cairo and is known asSayyida Zainab; most probably, this grave is o Zainab BintiYahya Bin Zaid Bin Ali Bin Husayn Bin Ali Bin Abu alib (a.s.).A grave o Hazrat Zainab also is said to be at Makbara Saghira orMakbara Ahlul-Bayt in Damascus. Te most popular and mostprobable grave o Hazrat Zainab is at Damascus and is known asSit Zainab. Te amous Shia scholar, Seyyid Muhsin Al-Amino Lebanon strongly believed that Hazrat Zainab was buried atSit Zainab. Tis scholar himsel is buried at the entrance to theMausoleum at Sit Zainab.

UMM KULTHUM

Very little is known about her though her name appears severaltimes in history. By popular accounts she was younger than HazratZainab but like her she was very intelligent and pious. She wasmarried to Muhammad Bin Jaar.

Several traditions mention her. For example, it is reported that thenight beore his martyrdom, Imam Ali (a.s.) was in the house o

Hazrat Umm Kulthum and she reports in detail the position oImam Ali (a.s.) on that night.

It is also reported that while Imam Ali (a.s.) was at the Battle o


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Jamal, one o the Prophets wives, Hasa, organized a big partycelebrating Imam Alis deeat (she was wrongly inormed that ImamAli (a.s.) had been deeated). When Umm Kulthum came to knowabout this she went to her to point out to her that what she was

doing was wrong.

Umm Kulthums name suraces again in Karbala. On the night oAshura Hazrat Abbas Bin Ali (a.s.) sees Hazrat Umm Kulthumweeping. On asking her or the cause o her crying, Hazrat Abbas istold by Umm Kulthum that she does not have a son o her own tosacrifice in the name o Islam. Hazrat Abbas then tells her that he

would represent her in the way o Allah and his sacrifice would beon her behal

A long and very sad elegy (Marthiya) is said to have been by UmmKulthum when she returned to Medina afer she was released romthe prison o Yazid. In this elegy she addresses her grandatherscity, Medina, telling the city to inorm the Prophet (s.a.w.w.) o allthe troubles which his grandchildren had to go through or sake oIslam.

It is said that she is buried in the graveyard at Makbara Saghira inDamascus.


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QUESTIONS

CHAPTER 1

1. When and where was Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) born? Why did the

women o Quraysh reuse to come to help her mother at thetime o her birth? What arrangement did Allah make or hermother to be helped in her delivery? Why is this a miracle?

2. Give 3 reasons to explain why Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was giventhis name.

CHAPTER 2

1. List 5 characteristics o Hazrat Khadija. For any 3 o thesecharacteristics give examples.

2. List 2 titles o Hazrat Khadija. Explain what they mean and whyshe was given these titles.

3. Why did Hazrat Khadija reuse to marry the rich and noblepeople o Arabia? Whom did she want as a husband? Why?

For Each o Questions 4 to 8, You Have to Select a Correct AnswerFrom a List o Four Options.4. Beore her marriage to Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.), Hazrat

Khadija:(a) Did not have any religion.(b) Was Jewish.

(c) Followed the true religion o her time.(d) Was an idol worshipper

5. Te dream that Hazrat Khadija saw meant:(a) Nothing.(b) Tat the sun would come down in her house.(c) Tat she would become rich and amous.

(d) Tat she would marry a great person.

6. Hazrat Khadijas Nikah was read by:(a) Warka, her cousin,


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(b) Hazrat Abu alib.(c) Hazrat Muhammad (s.a.w.w.).(d) No one; she read it hersel

7. Her marriage to the Prophet (s.a.w.w.):(a) Was ull o trouble,(b) Was very successul(c) We do not know.(d) Was not as good as it was with other wives o the Prophet.

8. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.):

(a) Loved Khadija when alive and remembered her muchafer her death.

(b) Loved Khadija the same way as he loved all other wives.(c) Remembered Khadija very much only afer her death.(d) Had other wives also, besides Khadija, when Khadija was

still alive.

9. Say i the ollowing statements are true or alse.(a) Afer marrying the Prophet Hazrat Khadija gave the

Prophet (s.a.w.w.) all her wealth. /F(b) Te Prophets (s.a.w.w.) greatest supporters when he

declared his Prophethood were Hazrat Khadija and Aisha./F

(c) Because Hazrat Khadija gave all her wealth to the Prophet,she died out o hunger and exhaustion. /F(d) Hazrat Khadijas wealth was used to buy slaves. /F(e) So ar as Hazrat Khadija was alive the Prophet (s.a.w.w.)

did not marry any other woman. /F

10. Name and describe the honours which Hazrat Khadija received

rom:(a) Allah.(b) Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.).


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11. Describe 5 different ways in which Hazrat Khadijas wealth wasspent to help Islam and the Muslims.

CHAPTER 3

For each o Questions 1 to 4, choose one most appropriate answerrom the options provided.1. Hazrat Fatimas (s.a.) childhood was a period o:

(a) rouble and Sadness.(b) Happiness.(c) Comort and Ease.(d) Boycott.

2. As a child Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was:(a) Shy and lonely(b) Patient and courageous.(c) Only weeping.(d) None o the above.

3. As a young woman Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was:(a) Pure and pious.(b) Only beautiul.(c) Was student o Um Salma.(d) Was a rare person.

4. Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was called Zahra because:(a) She was pious.(b) She was ull o grace and beauty.(c) Light came out o her at times o prayers.(d) No reason is given

5. What services did Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) do to her ather when

she was still a child?

CHAPTER 4

1. Rewrite the ollowing filling in the blank spaces:


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When Hazrat Fatimas marriage took place she was_______________ years old. Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) gave her inmarriage to ________________ because _______________.Te marriage took place in _______ on_________. Te

marriage ceremony also took place in ____________ at aplace called __________________. o raise money or themarriage ___________________ sold his __________________or __________________ dirhams. Te money was usedor__________________________, _____________________and ___________________ Te marriage was supervised by_________________. It was made sure that Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)

got ________________ and____________. Allah gave her asher wedding gif wedding gif _____________________.

CHAPTER 5

1. Match items on column A with those on column B.

IEM COLUMN A IEM COLUMN B

1. Uswatul -Hasana i. Imam Ali (a.s.)2. Best Man ii. Mother o Your Father

3. Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) iii. Prophets Son

4. Um Abiha iv. Hazrat Fatimas Maid

5. Maria Qibtia v. Perect Example

6. Ibrahim vi. Book

7. Fiddha vii. Historian8. Te Prophets Muazzin viii. Best Woman

9. Mustadrak ix. Te Prophets wie

10. abari x. Bilal

2. Hazrat Fatimas (s.a.) lie is described as Hard but Peaceul.

Explain this statement giving examples.

CHAPTER 6

1. For the ollowing statements say rue or False. For the False


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(c) What makes you say that Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was agenerous person?

(d) How knowledgeable was Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)?(e) Te Musha o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.).

CHAPTER 7

For each Questions 1 to 7 choose one correct answer rom theoptions provided:1. Te immediate cause o Hazrat Fatimas death was:

(a) Te loss o her ather.(b) Te injustices o the Muslims.

(c) Her illness resulting rom getting hit by the door.(d) None o the above.

2. Te Prophet was crying in his death bed because:(a) He was ill.(b) He was going to part with his amily.(c) He knew that his amily would suffer without him.(d) We do not know.

3. Imam Ali (a.s.) did not go to Saqia because:(a) Te Prophet (s.a.w.w.) was ill.(b) Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was weeping.(c) He had to bury the Prophet (s.a.w.w.).

(d) He had retired in the house o Hazrat Fatima (s.a.).

4. Imam Ali (a.s.) was set ree by the Government because:(a) Te Government was araid o him.(b) Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) was about to ask Allahs help.(c) Te Government was sorry.(d) O the Prophet (s.a.w.w.).

5. Because Fadak was obtained without any war it belonged to:(a) Te Prophet only.(b) All Muslims only.


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(c) Te Prophet and Muslims in partnership.(d) Allah.

6. Te Prophet gave Fadak to Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) when;

(a) She migrated to Medina(b) A verse o the Quran (17:26) was revealed to him.(c) When Abu Said Khudri told him to do so.(d) When the Jews gave it to him.

7. When the Government took Fadak away rom Hazrat Fatimashe:

(a) Kept quiet.(b) She went to the Government to claim or it.(c) She was angry but kept quiet.(d) None o the above.

8. List the two main arguments which Hazrat Fatima (s.a.)used to get back Fadak rom the Government. Explain whatreasons were given by Abu Bakr or reusing to accept both othe arguments. How did she prove that she was right and theGovernment wrong?

9. Summarize Hazrat Fatimas will that she lef to Imam Ali (a.s.).

10. List all possible places where Hazrat Fatima (s.a.) might havebeen buried. Why did Imam Ali (a.s.) choose to keep her burialplace secret?

CHAPTER 8

1. List all those special qualities that Allah gave to Hazrat Fatima(s.a.). For any two o these qualities that you have listed explain

how they were special.2. Giving examples, say how much did the Prophet love and

respect Hazrat Fatima (s.a.). Did he do so only because she washis daughter or were there other reasons? Explain.


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ISBN 9976 956 86 7

Published and Printed by:Bilal Muslim Mission o anzania

P.O.Box 20033

a brief biography of hazrat fatima (s.a.)

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