a blind digital watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/6/2019 A Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform
1/4
$$$$ EOLQGEOLQGEOLQGEOLQG GLJLWDOGLJLWDOGLJLWDOGLJLWDO ZDWHUPDUNLQJZDWHUPDUNLQJZDWHUPDUNLQJZDWHUPDUNLQJ DOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKP EDVHGEDVHGEDVHGEDVHG RQRQRQRQ ZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHW WUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUP
=KHQJ ;LRQJER
6FKRRO RI 6FLHQFH
+DUELQ (QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\+DUELQ &KLQD
]KHQJ[LRQJER#KUEHXHGXFQ
=KDQJ ;LDRZHL6FKRRO RI 6FLHQFH
+DUELQ (QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\+DUELQ &KLQD
]KDQJ[LDRZHL#KUEHXHGXFQ
6XQ 0LQJMLDQ6FKRRO RI 6FLHQFH
+DUELQ (QJLQHHULQJ 8QLYHUVLW\+DUELQ &KLQD
VXQPLQJMLDQ#KUEHXHGXFQ
$EVWUDFW$EVWUDFW$EVWUDFW$EVWUDFW,Q,Q,Q,Q UHFHQWUHFHQWUHFHQWUHFHQW \HDUV\HDUV\HDUV\HDUV GLJLWDOGLJLWDOGLJLWDOGLJLWDO ZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNLQJLQJLQJLQJ WHFKQRORJ\WHFKQRORJ\WHFKQRORJ\WHFKQRORJ\ LVLVLVLV DDDD
IURQWLHUIURQWLHUIURQWLHUIURQWLHU UHVHDUFKUHVHDUFKUHVHDUFKUHVHDUFK DUHDDUHDDUHDDUHD LQLQLQLQ DFDGHPLDDFDGHPLDDFDGHPLDDFDGHPLD ZKLFKZKLFKZKLFKZKLFK LVLVLVLV SURSRVHGSURSRVHGSURSRVHGSURSRVHG WRWRWRWR GHDOGHDOGHDOGHDO
ZLWKZLWKZLWKZLWK FRS\ULJKWFRS\ULJKWFRS\ULJKWFRS\ULJKW SURWHFWLRQSURWHFWLRQSURWHFWLRQSURWHFWLRQ SUREOHPSUREOHPSUREOHPSUREOHP LQLQLQLQ DDDD QHWZRUNQHWZRUNQHWZRUNQHWZRUN HQYLURQPHQWHQYLURQPHQWHQYLURQPHQWHQYLURQPHQW
,Q,Q,Q,Q WKHWKHWKHWKH SDSHUSDSHUSDSHUSDSHU DDDD EOLQGEOLQGEOLQGEOLQG GLJLWDOGLJLWDOGLJLWDOGLJLWDO ZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNLQJLQJLQJLQJ DOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKP EDVHGEDVHGEDVHGEDVHG RQRQRQRQ
ZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHW WUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUP LVLVLVLV SURSRVHGSURSRVHGSURSRVHGSURSRVHG $IWHU$IWHU$IWHU$IWHU ZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHW WUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUP ZHZHZHZH JHWJHWJHWJHW
WKHWKHWKHWKH ZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWFRHIILFLHQWFRHIILFLHQWFRHIILFLHQWVVVV RIRIRIRI DDDD LPDJHLPDJHLPDJHLPDJH $FFRUGLQJ$FFRUGLQJ$FFRUGLQJ$FFRUGLQJ WRWRWRWR WKHWKHWKHWKH (XFOLG(XFOLG(XFOLG(XFOLG
GLVWDQFHGLVWDQFHGLVWDQFHGLVWDQFH EHWZHHQEHWZHHQEHWZHHQEHWZHHQ HYHU\HYHU\HYHU\HYHU\ WZRWZRWZRWZR FRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWV DOODOODOODOO ZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWVDUHDUHDUHDUH FODVVLILHGFODVVLILHGFODVVLILHGFODVVLILHG LQWRLQWRLQWRLQWR VHYHUDOVHYHUDOVHYHUDOVHYHUDO FODVVHVFODVVHVFODVVHVFODVVHV 7KHQ7KHQ7KHQ7KHQ ZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUN LVLVLVLV
HPEHGGHGHPEHGGHGHPEHGGHGHPEHGGHG LQWRLQWRLQWRLQWR VRPHVRPHVRPHVRPH ILWILWILWILW FRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWVFRHIILFLHQWV ,W,W,W,W QHHGQQHHGQQHHGQQHHGQWWWW WKHWKHWKHWKH RULJLQDORULJLQDORULJLQDORULJLQDO
LPDJHLPDJHLPDJHLPDJH LQLQLQLQ WKHWKHWKHWKH SURFHVVSURFHVVSURFHVVSURFHVV RIRIRIRI H[WUDFWLQJH[WUDFWLQJH[WUDFWLQJH[WUDFWLQJ ZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNLQJLQJLQJLQJ VRVRVRVR LWLWLWLW LVLVLVLV DDDD
EOLQGEOLQGEOLQGEOLQG ZDWHUPDUNLQJZDWHUPDUNLQJZDWHUPDUNLQJZDWHUPDUNLQJ DOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKP 7KH7KH7KH7KH H[SHULPHQWDOH[SHULPHQWDOH[SHULPHQWDOH[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWVUHVXOWVUHVXOWVUHVXOWV VKRZVKRZVKRZVKRZ
WKDWWKDWWKDWWKDW LWLWLWLW LVLVLVLV DDDD KLJKKLJKKLJKKLJKO\O\O\O\ UREXVWUREXVWUREXVWUREXVW DOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKPDOJRULWKP DJDLQVWDJDLQVWDJDLQVWDJDLQVW -3(*-3(*-3(*-3(* FRPSUHVVFRPSUHVVFRPSUHVVFRPSUHVV WKHWKHWKHWKH
DGGLWLRQDGGLWLRQDGGLWLRQDGGLWLRQ RIRIRIRI QRLVHQRLVHQRLVHQRLVH PHGLDQPHGLDQPHGLDQPHGLDQ ILOWHULQJILOWHULQJILOWHULQJILOWHULQJ DQGDQGDQGDQG FURSSLQJFURSSLQJFURSSLQJFURSSLQJ
.H\ZRUGV.H\ZRUGV.H\ZRUGV .H\ZRUGV GLJLWDO GLJLWDOGLJLWDOGLJLWDO LPDJHLPDJHLPDJHLPDJH ZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUNZDWHUPDUN ZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHWZDYHOHW WUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUPWUDQVIRUP ELWELWELWELW
GHFRPSRVLWLRQGHFRPSRVLWLRQGHFRPSRVLWLRQGHFRPSRVLWLRQ
, ,1752'8&7,21
,Q UHFHQW \HDUV ZLWK WKH UDSLG GHYHORSPHQW DQG ZLGHO\DSSOLFDWLRQ RI QHWZRUN WHFKQLTXH DQG GLJLWDO PXOWLPHGLD
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
FRPSUHVVLRQ WKH DGGLWLRQ RI QRLVH PHGLDQ ILOWHULQJ DQGFURSSLQJ
,, 7+( &/867(5 2) :$9(/(7 &2()),&,(176
$ :DYHOHW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI JUD\VFDOH LPDJHV
'XH WR WKH OLQHDU SKDVH DQG FRPSDFW VXSSRUWHGSURSHUWLHV RI WKH ELRUWKRJRQDO ZDYHOHW VXFK DV ZDYHOHW
>@ WKH GLVWRUWLRQ RI WKH LPDJH WKDW WUDQVIRUPHG E\
ELRUWKRJRQDO ZDYHOHW DQG UHFRQVWUXFWLQJ VLJQDO VWDELOLW\ LV
DOVR YHU\ JRRG 6R LW LV VXLWDEOH IRU ZDWHUPDUN HPEHGGLQJ
7KXV WKH ELRUWKRJRQDO ZDYHOHW LV XVHG WR GHFRPSRVH
JUD\ LPDJH RI /HQD u WKUHH WLPHV 7KH LPDJH WKDW
KDV EHHQ WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR ZDYHOHW GRPDLQ WKUHH WLPHV KDV
WHQ VXELPDJHV
/HW L\[,LT DUH WKH ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWV DW
WKH ORFDWLRQ \[ RI VXEEDQG T DW WKH L OD\HU +HUHT LV
WDNHQ IURP HQVHPEOH ^///++/++` // PHDQV KRUL]RQWDO
DQG YHUWLFDO GLUHFWLRQ DUH ERWK ORZ IUHTXHQF\ /+ PHDQVKRUL]RQWDO GLUHFWLRQ LV ORZ IUHTXHQF\ DQG YHUWLFDO GLUHFWLRQ LV
KLJK IUHTXHQF\ +/ PHDQV KRUL]RQWDO GLUHFWLRQ LV KLJK
IUHTXHQF\ DQG YHUWLFDO GLUHFWLRQ LV ORZ IUHTXHQF\ ++ PHDQV
KRUL]RQWDO DQG YHUWLFDO GLUHFWLRQ DUH ERWK KLJK IUHTXHQF\ ,I
WKH LPDJH LV GHFRPSRVHG 0 WLPHV E\ ZDYHOHW WKHQ WKHUH ZLOO
ELQJ DERXW 0 VXEEDQGV $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH
IL[HG Ta
Ta
L, ZLOO EH WUDQVIRUPHG LQWR VXEEDQGV
T
L, Ta
^/++/++` DIWHU L WLPHV ZDYHOHW
GHFRPSRVLWLRQT
L, Ta
^/++/++ UHSUHVHQW WKH
IUHTXHQF\ RI
Ta
L, LQ GLIIHUHQW GLUHFWLRQV//
0, LV WKH VPRRWKRI WKH VLJQDO
% &OXVWHULQJ DOJRULWKP RI ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWV
&OXVWHULQJ GLYLGHV D GDWD VHW LQWR VHYHUDO JURXSV
WKURXJK GHILQLQJ D VLPLODULW\ PHDVXUHPHQW 7KXV WKH
VLPLODULW\ LQ D JURXS LV ELJJHU WKDQ ZKDW EHWZHHQ WZR
JURXSV>@ /HW GDWDVHW : FRQWDLQV Q VDPSOHV
`^ Q
ZZZ " 7KURXJK FOXVWHULQJ `^ Q
ZZZ " DUH
GLYLGHG LQWR F F Qd d VXEVHWV RI : VR WKH VLPLODU
VDPSOHV DUH VHW LQWR D VDPH VXEVHW +HUH F LV WKH FOXVWHUQXPEHU (XFOLGHDQ GLVWDQFH FDQ EH FKRVHQ DV D QRQ
___________________________________
978-1-4244-8728-8/11/$26.00 2011 IEEE
-
8/6/2019 A Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform
2/4
VLPLODULW\ PHDVXUHPHQW EHWZHHQ WKH YHFWRU RI WKH L JURXS
DQG WKH FOXVWHU FHQWHUM4 ,Q WKH SDSHU WKH FOXVWHULQJ
GDWDVHW LV WKH HQVHPEOH : ZKLFK FRQWDLQV DOO WKH ZDYHOHWFRHIILFLHQWV RI D LPDJH H[FHSW WKDW RI WKH VPRRWK SDUW +HUH
(XFOLGHDQ GLVWDQFH LVMLML 4ZG
/HW 0 DV WKH PD[LPXP FRHIILFLHQW DQG P DV WKH
PLQLPXP FRHIILFLHQW LQ : ,I tP ZH MXVW WDNH WKH
PD[LPXP FRHIILFLHQW 0 $QG LW LV QRW QHFHVVDU\ WRFDOFXODWH WKH SDUW UHODWHG WR P LQ WKH IROORZLQJ DOJRULWKP
ZKLOH WKH UHVW SURFHVV LV VDPH WR WKDW RI P &OXVWHU RI
WKH FRHIILFLHQWV LQ : DV IROORZLQJ
6HW WKH LQLWLDO FOXVWHU FHQWHUV /HW 1 LV D SRVLWLYH
LQWHJHU 'LYLGH @> 0 DQG @>P LQWR 1 HTXDO LQWHUYDOV
/HW
1LP1
L440
1
L4 LL "
+HUH LL 444 LV WKH LQLWLDO FOXVWHULQJ FHQWHUV
&ODVVLI\ WKH FRHIILFLHQWV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH QRQ
VLPLODULW\ PHDVXUHPHQW EHWZHHQ WZR JURXSV HDFK FODVV
FRUUHVSRQG WR RQH FOXVWHU FHQWHU 7KHUH DUH 1 FODVVHV
7KH\ DUH LL $$$ 1L "
5HJXODWH WKH FOXVWHULQJ FHQWHUV /HWLL 44
DQGH
D YHU\ VPDOO SRVLWLYH LQWHJHU LQ WKH SDSHUH
&DOFXODWH WKH DYHUDJH YDOXH RI WKH FRHIILFLHQWV RIL$ DQG VHW
LWDV L4 /HW L4 DV WKH QHZ FOXVWHU FHQWHU RI L$ ,I
H
LL 44 WKHQ LW LV HQG RU WXUQ WR WKH VHFRQG VWHS ,I
LW VWLOO GRHV QRW FRQYHUJH DIWHU VHYHUDO F\FOHV WKHQ MXPS RXW7KURXJK FOXVWHULQJ WKH ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWV RI D LPDJH
H[FHSW WKH VPRRWK SDUW DUH GLYLGHG LQWR 1 FODVVHV
,,, :$7(50$5.(0%('',1*
$ :DWHUPDUN JHQHUDWLQJ
7KH ELW DQG JUD\ LPDJHV DUH XVHG DV ZDWHUPDUN
VLJQDO +HUH WKH ELW GHFRPSRVLWLRQ PHWKRG RI JUD\ LPDJHV
ZKLFK ZDV SURSRVHG E\ 1LX ;LDPX LV DGRSWHG WR GHFRPSRVH
LPDJHV LQWR ELW SODQHV>@ (DFK SL[HO RI HYHU\ SODQH RQO\
FRQWDLQV RU $ LPDJH ZLWK VL]H RI u FDQ EHGHFRPSRVHG LQWR QLQH ELW SDQHV DV VKRZQ LQ )LJ
,Q ILJXUH D LV WKH JUD\ YDOXH RI RULJLQDO LPDJH E
LV WKH KLJKHVW ELW SODQH DIWHU GHFRPSRVLQJ K LV WKH ORZHVW
ELW SODQH 3DUW RI WKH GHFRPSRVHG LQIRUPDWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG
DV ZDWHUPDUN WKH UHVW DUH XVHG DV WKH NH\ IRU ZDWHUPDUN
H[WUDFWLRQ
D RULJLQDO LPDJH EE F E
GE G E H E
IE J E K E
)LJ ELW GHFRPSRVLWLRQ ILJXUH IRU ELW JUD\OHYHO LPDJH
% (PEHG ZDWHUPDUN LQWR ZDYHOHW GRPDLQ
,I ZDWHUPDUN LV DGGHG DW WKH SRVLWLRQ ZLWK ODUJHFRHIILFLHQWV LPDJH ZLOO EH HDVLO\ GLVWRUWHG %XW LI ZDWHUPDUN
LV DGGHG DW WKH SRVLWLRQ ZLWK OLWWOH FRHIILFLHQWV WKH
ZDWHUPDUN ZLOO KDYH WKH VKRUWFRPLQJV RI ZHDN UHVLVWDQFH WR
LPDJH FRPSUHVVLRQ ILOWHULQJ DQG FURSSLQJ HWF %\ WKH
FOXVWHULQJ SURFHVV LQWURGXFHG DERYH 11 $$ HWF DUH
WKH FODVVHV ZLWK ODJHU DEVROXWH RI ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWV
:DYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWV LQFOXGHG LQ
$ DUH QHDU WR 6R
ZDWHUPDUN LV DGGHG WR WKRVH FRHIILFLHQWV RI WKH FODVVHV
EHWZHHQ1$ DQG $ DV ZHOO DV $ DQG 1$
$VVXPH WKH FODVVHV ZKLFK ZDWHUPDUN ZLOO EH DGGHG WR
DUH
NN $$ 7R GHVFULEH FRQYHQLHQWO\ WKHVH FODVVHV DUH
UHPDUNHG DV N%%% NNN 7KH
FOXVWHULQJ FHQWHU LV DOVR UHPDUNHG DV NTT $FFRUGLQJ WR
D FHUWDLQL% OHW LLLLLL T%U%TU PD[PLQ
7KH FOXVWHULQJ FHQWHU DQG UDGLXV DUH XVHG DV NH\ IRU
ZDWHUPDUN H[WUDFWLRQ $VVXPH ' LV DQ LQWHJHU WR WKH
FODVV L% NL "
@
>
@
>@PD[>PLQ
LLLL
LLLLLL
U
'
GTU
'
GT
U'
GTU
'
GT%%
*
**
KHUH 'G " HYHU\ FRHIILFLHQW RI L% PXVW EHORQJV
WR RQH RI @
> LLLL U'
GTU
'
GT
DQG
@
> LLLL U'
GTU
'
GT
7KHQ FKHFN DOO ZDYHOHW
FRHIILFLHQWV WKH SURFHVV RI HPEHGGLQJ ZDWHUPDUN LQWR
LPDJH LV VKRZQ DV IROORZV
/HW LQLWLDO YDOXH ML
-
8/6/2019 A Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform
3/4
-XGJLQJ WKH SUHVHQW FRHIILFLHQW , ZKHWKHU EHORQJV
WR L% ,I LW EHORQJV WR L% WKHQ WKH ZDWHUPDUN LV DGGHG WR
WKH ORFDWLRQ RI WKH FRHIILFLHQW , PHDQZKLOH oo MMLL ,I NL WKHQ L FKHFN WKH QH[W
ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQW DW WKH VDPH WLPH 2WKHUZLVH ZDWHUPDUN
ZLOO QRW EH DGGHG WR WKLV ORFDWLRQ DQG FKHFN WKH QH[W ZDYHOHW
FRHIILFLHQW GLUHFWO\ 7KH PHWKRG RI DGGLQJ ZDWHUPDUN LV
VKRZQ DV
LI
LLLL U'
GT,U
'
GT dd
WKHQ
LI MS WKHQ
LI G0RG WKHQ ,,
LI G0RG WKHQ
LU'
,,
HOVH LI MS WKHQ
LI G0RG WKHQ ,,
LI G0RG WKHQ
LU'
,,
HOVH LI
LLLL U'
GT,U
'
GT
dd WKHQ
LI MS WKHQ
LI G0RG WKHQ ,,
LI G0RG WKHQ
LU'
,,
HOVH LI MS WKHQ
LI G0RG WKHQ ,,
LI G0RG WKHQ
LU'
,,
,I /M WKHQ WXUQ WR WKH VWHS RWKHUZLVH VWRS
FDOFXODWLQJ DQG FRPSOHWH WKH SURFHVV RI LQVHWWLQJ ZDWHUPDUN
$FFRUGLQJ WR WKH RULJLQDO LPDJH , WKURXJK DGGLQJZDWHU LQ ZDYHOHW GRPDLQ DQG LQYHUVH ZDYHOHW WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ
WKH LPDJH ,cZLWK ZDWHUPDUN ZLOO EH DWWDLQHG
,9 (;75$&7 :$7(50$5.
7R H[WUDFW WKH ZDWHUPDUN WKH LPDJH ,c WKDW ZLWKZDWHUPDUN LV GHFRPSRVHG WKUHH WLPHV LQWR ZDYHOHW GRPDLQ
WKHQ FKHFN WKH ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWV 7KH SURFHVV RI
ZDWHUPDUN H[WUDFWLRQ LV VKRZQ DV IROORZV
/HW LQLWLDOYDOXH ML
-XGJLQJ WKH SUHVHQW FRHIILFLHQW ZKHWKHU EHORQJV
WR L% LI LW LV WUXH WKHQ ZH FDQ JHW WKH FRQFOXVLRQ WKDW ZH
KDYH LQVHUWHG ZDWHUPDUN LQWR WKLV SRLQW
LI
LLLLU
'
GT,U
'
GT dd
WKHQ
LI G0RG WKHQ MS
LI G0RG WKHQ MS
HOVH LI
LLLL U
'
GT,U
'
GT
dd
LI G0RG WKHQ MS
LI G0RG WKHQ MS
7KHQ L L M M o o ,I NL WKHQ L DW
WKH VDPH WLPH FKHFNLQJ WKH QH[W ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQW
RWKHUZLVH LW VKRZV WKDW ZH KDYHQW DGGHG ZDWHUPDUN DQG
WKHQ FKHFN WKH QH[W ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQW GLUHFWO\
,I /M WKHQ WXUQ WR VWHS RWKHUZLVH VWRS
FDOFXODWLQJ DQG FRPSOHWLQJ WKH SURFHVV RI H[WUDFWLQJ
ZDWHUPDUN
$IWHU WKH DERYH VWHSV WKH HQVHPEOH `^ MS /M "
ZKLFK FRQWDLQ ZDWHUPDUN LQIRUPDWLRQ LV IRUPHG 7KHQFRPELQLQJ WKH NH\ UHYHUW WKH HQVHPEOH ZKLFK FRQWDLQZDWHUPDUN WR JUD\ LPDJH WKXV WKH ZDWHUPDUN LPDJH LVREWDLQHG
9 (;3(5,0(17$/ 5(68/76
,Q WKH H[SHULPHQW WKH JUD\VFDOH LPDJH /HQD
u LV XVHG DV D FDUULHU )LJD WKH ZDWHUPDUN LV
D u JUD\VFDOH LPDJH ' 1 WKHQ DIWHU WKHFOXVWHULQJ ZDYHOHW FRHIILFLHQWV DUH GLYLGHG LQWR
u FODVV ,Q WKH SDSHU WKH SHDN YDOXH VLJQDOWRQRLVH UDWLR 3615 LV DGRSWHG WR HYDOXDWH WKH GLIIHUHQFH
EHWZHHQ WKH RULJLQDO LPDJH DQG ZDWHUPDUN HPEHGGHG LPDJH
,Q RUGHU WR WHVW WKH UREXVWQHVV RI WKH DOJRULWKP DGGLQJ*DXVVLDQ PHGLDQ ILOWHULQJ DYHUDJH ILOWHULQJ -3(*
FRPSUHVVLRQ DQG FXWWLQJ DUH PDGH WR WKH LPDJH ZLWK
ZDWHUPDUN DQG FKHFNLQJ WKH LPDJHV
D LPDJH ZLWKRXW ZDWHUPDUN ELPDJH ZLWK ZDWHUPDUN
)LJ RULJLQDO LPDJH DQG ZDWHUPDUN
7KH H[SHULPHQW LQGLFDWHG WKDW WKH SHDN YDOXH VLJQDOWRQRLVH UDWLR 3615 RI WKH RULJLQDO LPDJH DQG WKH
LPDJH ZLWK ZDWHUPDUN LV G% $IWHU DGGLQJZDWHUPDUN WR WKH LPDJH WKHUH LV DOPRVW QR GHFOLQH RI
LPDJH TXDOLW\ DQG WKH ZDWHUPDUN FDQ EH H[WUDFWHGZLWKRXW GLVWRUWLRQ
-
8/6/2019 A Blind Digital Watermarking Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform
4/4
$ 7KH DQWLQRLVH SHUIRUPDQFH
)LJ LPDJH ZLWK QRLVH DQG ZDWHUPDUN EH H[WUDFWHG
$V VKRZQ LQ )LJ *DXVVLDQ QRLVH ZLWK DYHUDJH YDOXH
DQG YDULDQFH KDV EHHQ DGGHG WR WKH LPDJH RI /HQD
7KH SHDN VLJQDO WR QRLVH UDWLR 3615 RI WKH LPDJH ZLWK
QRLVH LV G% 7KH H[SHULPHQW UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW WKH
ZDWHUPDUN HPEHGGHG DV WKH DOJRULWKP KDV EHWWHU QRLVH
LPPXQLW\
% 7KH DQWLILOWHULQJ SHUIRUPDQFH
8VLQJ u PHGLDQ ILOWHULQJ DQG u DYHUDJH ILOWHULQJ WR SURFHVV WKH LPDJH )LJ D UHSUHVHQWV WKH UHVXOW RI
PHGLDQ ILOWHULQJ DQG 3615 LV G% )LJ E UHSUH
VHQWV WKH UHVXOW RI DYHUDJH ILOWHULQJ DQG 3615 LV G%
7KH UHVXOWV VKRZ WKDW WKH ZDWHUPDUN HPEHGGHG DV WKH
DOJRULWKP KDV EHWWHU ILOWHULQJ LPPXQLW\
DPHGLDQ ILOWHU EPHDQ ILOWHU
)LJ LPDJH EH ILOWHUHG DQG ZDWHUPDUN EH H[WUDFWHG
& 7KH SHUIRUPDQFH DJDLQVW -3(* FRPSUHVVLRQ
DFRPSUHVVLELOLW\ IDFWRU E FRPSUHVVLELOLW\ IDFWRU
)LJ LPDJH ZLWK -(3* FRPSUHVVLRQ DQG ZDWHUPDUN EH H[WUDFWHG
)LJXUH VKRZV WKH ZDWHUPDUN H[WUDFWHG IURP WKHLPDJH ZLWK ZDWHUPDUN WKDW ZDV -3(* FRPSUHVVHG 7KH
FRPSUHVVLRQ IDFWRU LV DQG ,W FDQ EH VHHQ IURP WKH
ILJXUH WKDW WKH ZDWHUPDUN H[WUDFWHG IURP WKH LPDJH ZLWK WKH
FRPSUHVVLRQ IDFWRU DOPRVW KDV QR GLVWRUWLRQ $OWKRXJK
WKH ZDWHUPDUN H[WUDFWHG IURP WKH LPDJH ZLWK WKH
FRPSUHVVLRQ IDFWRU KDV OLWWOH GLVWRUWLRQ EXW WKH
ZDWHUPDUN LQIRUPDWLRQ LV ZHOO SUHVHUYHG
' 7KH DQWLVKHDU SHUIRUPDQFH)LJXUH VKRZV WKH UHVXOWV RI H[WUDFWLQJ ZDWHUPDUN IURP
WKH LPDJH ZLWK ZDWHUPDUN WKDW ZDV FXW DW WKH PLGGOH DQG WKH
FRUQHU )URP WKH H[SHULPHQWDO UHVXOWV DIWHU WKH LPDJH ZDV
SDUW FXW WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH ZDWHUPDUN VWLOO FDQ EH
H[WUDFWHG FRPSOHWHO\
DFRUQHU VKHDU EFHQWUH VKHDU
)LJ LPDJH EH FURSSHG DQG ZDWHUPDUN EH H[WUDFWHG
9, &21&/86,21
*HQHUDOO\ WKH UREXVWQHVV RI EOLQG ZDWHUPDUN LV QRW EHWWHU WKDQ QRQEOLQG 7KH UHVXOW RI WKH H[SHULPHQW VKRZV
WKDW WKH DOJRULWKP RI GLJLWDO ZDWHUPDUN XVLQJ FOXVWHUDQDO\VLV ZDYHOHW GRPDLQ LV QRW RQO\ D EOLQG ZDWHUPDUNDOJRULWKP EXW DOVR KDYH VWURQJHU UREXVWQHVV WR DGGLQJ QRLVHILOWHULQJ -(3* FRPSUHVVLRQ DQG FXWWLQJ
$&.12:/('*0(17
7KLV ZRUN ZDV VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH 1DWLRQDO 1DWXUDO
6FLHQFH )RXQGDWLRQ RI &KLQD DQG WKH
)XQGDPHQWDO 5HVHDUFK )XQGV IRU WKH &HQWUDO 8QLYHUVLWLHV
5()(5(1&(6
>@ '(/$,*/( - ) %28&48($8 - 0 48,648$7(5 - -HW DO'LJLWDO
LPDJHV SURWHFWLRQ WHFKQLTXHV LQ D EURDGFDVW IUDPHZRUNDQ
RYHUYLHZ>$@ 3URF 2I (&0$67 >&@ %HOJLXP >@ 0$&4 % 0 48,648$7(5 - - &U\SWRORJ\ IRU GLJLWDO 79
EURDGFDVWLQJ >$@ 3URF RI WKH ,(((>&@
>@ 3(5(,5$ 6 381 7 )DVW UREXVW WHPSODWH PDWFKLQJ IRU DIILQH
UHVLVWDQW ZDWHUPDUNV >$@ 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH 7KLUG ,QWHUQDWLRQDO
,QIRUPDWLRQ +LGLQJ :RUNVKRS>&@ 'UHVHGHQ *HUPDQ\
>@ 32',/&+8. & , =(1* : ,PDJH DGDSWLYH ZDWHUPDUNLQJ XVLQJ
YLVXDO PRGHOV >-@,((( - 6HOHFW $UHDV &RPPXQ
>@ &2; , - .,/,$1 - /(,*+721 7 6+$0221 7 6HFXUH VSUHDG
VSHFWUXP ZDWHUPDUNLQJ IRU PXOWLPHGLD >-@ ,((( 7UDQV ,PDJH
3URFHVVLQJ
>@ 6:$1621 0 ' 7(:),. $ + $ %LQDU\ ZDYHOHW GHFRPSRVLWLRQ
RI ELQDU\ LPDJHV >-@ ,((( 7UDQVDFWLRQV RQ ,PDJH 3URFHVVLQJ
>@ '$8%(&+,(6 , 7HQ /HFWXUHV 2Q :DYHOHW >0@ 6RFLHW\ IRU
,QGXVWULDO DQG $SSOLHG 0DWKHPDWLFV
>@ =+28 6 % ;8 = -@-RXUQDO RI
&RPSXWHU $SSOLFDWLRQV
>@ 1LX ;LDPX /X =KHPLQJ 6XQ 6KHQJKH 'LJLWDO ZDWHUPDUNLQJ RI VWLOO
LPDJHV ZLWK JUD\OHYHO GLJLWDO ZDUWHUPDUNV>-@ ,((( 7UDQV RQ
&RQVXPHU (OHFWURQLFV
>@ 1,.2/$,',6 1 3,7$6 , &RS\ULJKW SURWHFWLRQ RI LPDJH XVLQJUREXVW GLJLWDO VLJQDWXUHV>&@ 3URF RI &$663>&@ $WODQWD86$