a b gnu/fdl c d e slovnı´k f anglicko · 2021. 1. 3. · a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t...

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GNU/FDLslovnı´k

ANGLICKO

ČESKÝhttp://slovnik.zcu.cz/

Verze 0.97.8 18. června 2010

http://slovnik.zcu.cz/

Authors

Copyright (c) 2001-2003 Milan Svoboda . Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify thisdocument under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or any later version published by the Free SoftwareFoundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts being ”Založeno na projektu GNU/FDL Anglicko-Český slovnı́k,http://slovnik.zcu.cz”, and with the Back-Cover Texts ”Autoři: James Naughton, , Daniel, Pavel Cvrček (m)&(m), -, -M&N-, -pv- ACI-Dtick, Adam Nohejl, Ahmul, AizRGmFDRjeSeA Alan Wilder, Alejandro, Alexander Gramblička, Alexandr Kolouch Aleš Studený, AlešŠilhavý, Alice Brabcová, Alohim Alois Musil, Alvaro, Amy Nicky, AnUMnCNrzOn AnYdUTEOZUAQ, Andrew Jan Hauner, Andrey,Aneta Kopečná Angel, Anlez, Anton, Antwon Arci, August, Autor, BIaKmZRgtL BNsZAepPsinRPnQKi, BartyCok, Baruš, Beata Rödlin-gová Bellatrixx, BeruskaMiruska, Bill, Billy BladeRunner, BlueBear, BnyQSmxQlxqxu, Bones Braydon, Brett, BsnBwNxgP, BteFUUEGyBukovansky Richard, Bzuco, CHkKeBfkYjQN, CQkwkynzTFE Carlo, Carson, Cascaval, Cason CfkTkWEeNx, Chaim, Cheprer, CholyCkloLuPBrvFwrQL, Clock, Clyde, Crystaloon D.Ditrich, DCtuFdJtOJiQMVlxU, DHMXHQkMOjs, DJ Tim DPhCiSdRwhZMIjYtWcs,Dalbed, Dalton, Damon Dan Ditrich, Dan Rajdl, Daniel, Daniel Merka David Jozefov, David Kredba, Dayalpuri, Derek Derik, Derrell,Dillan, Donnie Donta, Dupanov Vadym, Dust, ECpIRrHHHfocWJRPTF EVa Porovat & BOA, Emma, Eolo, Erik Etfleisch Eva Porovat& BOA Intl., Ezekiel, Ezequiel, FTebdxoFfUr Fanatic :-), FbeenhuAEjxvCucyiS, FdKPsZNYxZdDFOAJX, Felix Fidel, Filip Flajšar,Filip Jučı́ček, Filip Volavka Filip Šera, FkQGKlDIYbDfHjllCw, FmaruGXyQBhti, Fontána František Stočes, František Šidák, Fucza, Fı́Garrett, Garrick, GdedaaRlMBWafjO, Ge0rge German, Gob, Gregg, Grino Gumák, HAtdjCFv, HNSnyszwcMxgNilMCL, Hamza Hanss,Hanuš Vavrčı́k (hank zavináč quick tečka cz), HbGiKEOadLwTuJ, Helena Handrková Helena Handrková, McJ, Helena Reguli, HelenaSmetana, HhzRVwScSgeZNI Hi, Honza Bětı́k, Honza Macháček, HotJohn Hynek Hanke, IC, IDsPhkOg, IS IgorMortis, Imro, Ismael,IsuGaFQDOjhJl Ivan Doležal, Ivan Kykal, Ivan Masár, Ivan Vondrka Ivo Karafiát, IvČa, IvČi, J. Novák J. Polach, J.D., J.N., JIljrHCSJKR, JMnKcwDBHMf, JZiusJyd, JaS. JaaDEilkywkqi, Jaiden, Jakub Kalousek, Jakub Kalousek a BOA Jakub Kolčář, Jakub Mišák,Jakub Rezek, Jakub Roztočil Jakub Sivek, Jakub Stryja, Jakub Suchý, Jan Blažek Jan Gregor, Jan Havlı́ček, Jan Hořák, Jan Hradil JanHumpolı́k, Jan Kasal, Jan Kučera, Jan Molnár Jan Wagner, Jan Červák, JanT, Jana Jana Kománková, Jana Matějková, Jana Pejšová, JarkaKrutovlnka Jarka Krutovlnka - Kohout Institute, Jaromı́r Hamala, Jaroslav Borovička, Jaroslav Brudna Jaroslav Jiřička, Jaroslav Juha,Jaroslav Kroupa, Jaroslav Šedivý Jarred, Jarret, Jarvis, Jayce JemFQirXesP, Jeremiah, Jerod, JiHqCQKg Jindřich Pozlovský, Jiri Hofman,Jiri Syrovy, Jiri Syrovy Jirka Daněk, Jirka N., Jirka Zeman, Jiřı́ BlueBear Dluhoš Jiřı́ Dadák, Jiřı́ Daněk, Jiřı́Hlaváček, Jiřı́ Hofman Jiřı́ Jansa, Jiřı́ Novák, Jiřı́ Padák, Jiřı́ Syrový Jiřı́ Voseček, Jiřı́ Václavovič, Jiřı́ Šmoldas, JjpktcRURnDcunavBJoan, JoiGOWrz, Jonáš Petrovský, Jordon Jordy, Josef, Josef Kosek, Josef Pinc Josef Polách, Josef Psohlavec, Joseluis, Juchelková JuraČáslava, Justyn, JČP, Jáchym Kolář Jáchym Čepický, Jánošı́k, K. Weigelová, KB KEnik, KJHKFHXBbDyaEmhbuz, KULTURA You’relikely to hear modern African music on the radio, most of which comes from the two Congos. Vy jste pravděpodobně slyšeli modernı́africké hudby z rádia, z nichž většina pocházı́ ze dvou Congos. Some of its exponents have become world famous, and while traditionalAfrican music influenced the music of the USA, the Caribbean and Latin America, modern African music has in turn been influencedby jazz, rock and Latin rhythms. Někteřı́ z jeho zastánců se stali světově proslulé, a přitom tradičnı́ africké hudby ovlivnil hudbu USA,Karibiku a Latinské Ameriky, modernı́ africké hudby je zase ovlivněno jazz, rock a latinské rytmy. Traditional African music is notgenerally particularly accessible to the Western ear, and although it’s full of complex rhythms and harmonies, it is not melodic and maysound as if very little is going on. The log xylophone is one of the most common instruments, and it consists of two long banana tree trunkssupporting about five logs that are struck with sticks. Tradičnı́ africká hudba nenı́ obecně obzvláště přı́stupné západnı́ ucha, a ačkoli je toplné složitých rytmů a harmoniı́, nenı́ melodický a může znı́t, jako by se jen velmi málo se děje. Log xylofon je jednı́m z nejběžnějšı́chnástrojů, a Skládá se ze dvou dlouhých kmenů stromů banán podporu asi pět protokolů, které jsou udeřil s holemi. The tiny sanza orthumb piano consists of a soundbox of wood with bamboo or metal keys played with the thumbs. Drobné sanza nebo palcem piano seskládá z soundbox dřeva bambusu nebo kovu klávesy hrál si s prsty. If you encounter any pygmies you will probably hear some of theirmusic, because they accompany all of their daily activities with music. Pokud narazı́te na jakékoliv Pygmejové, budete pravděpodobněslyšet některé z jejich hudby, protože doprovázet všechny své každodennı́ činnosti s hudbou. Africans generally place great emphasison clothing, and a trip to the CAR is a treat to see the quality of people’s dress. Afričané obecně kladou velký důraz na oblečenı́, avýlet do CAR je léčit vidět kvalitu šaty lidı́. Women often wear a loose top and a length of cloth (pagne) around the waist as a skirt.Ženy se často nosı́ volné top a kus látky (pagne) kolem pasu jako sukni. Men’s casual clothes - which look like pyjamas - are in thesame distinctively ’African’ designs, but most of the cloth is imported from the Netherlands. Pánské ležérnı́ oblečenı́ -, které vypadajı́jako pyžama - jsou ve stejné výrazně ’africké’ vzory, ale většina z tkaniny je dovezené z Holandska. The most authentic cloths are thehandmade, designed fabrics, such as woodblock prints and batiks and tie-dyed cloths. Nejautentičtějšı́ tkaniny jsou ručně vyráběné, ježtkaniny, jako je woodblock tisky a batiks a tie-barvené tkaniny. Dress is normally conservative and shorts are frowned upon, and thestandards are usually tougher for women than men. Šaty jsou obvykle konzervativnı́ a šortky jsou odsuzováno, a normy jsou obvykletvrdšı́ pro ženy než muži. French is the official language, but Sango is the national language and is widely used on radio and in officialsituations. Francouzština je oficiálnı́ jazyk, ale Sango je národnı́ jazyk a je široce použı́ván v rozhlase a v oficiálnı́ch situacı́ch. Sango isrelated to Lingala, one of the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s main languages. Sango je ve spojenı́ s Lingala, jeden z Demokratickérepubliky v hlavnı́ch světových jazycı́ch Kongo. There are pockets of Islam in the north, and Christians and animists are in roughlyequal numbers throughout the country. Many Christians still maintain at least some animist practices, and because every ethnic group hasits own religion there are hundreds of religions in the country. Tam jsou kapsy islámu na severu a křest’any a animisty jsou v přibližněstejném počtu v celé zemi. Mnozı́ křest’ané stále udržet alespoň nějaký animist praktiky, a proto, že každá etnická skupina má své vlastnı́náboženstvı́ existujı́ stovky náboženstvı́ v zemi. Good and bad magic and spirits play a significant role in local religions, and religiousmen can read fortunes, give advice on avoiding danger and hand out charms. Dobré i zlé kouzlo a lihovin hrát významnou roli v mı́stnı́náboženstvı́, a náboženské lidé mohou přečı́st bohatstvı́, poskytuje poradenstvı́ v předcházenı́ nebezpečı́ a ruku ven kouzlo. Much of thelife in CAR centres around special events like baptisms, weddings, village celebrations (fêtes), funerals and holidays. Hodně zživota v CAR centrech po celém speciálnı́ch akcı́ jako jsou křty, svatby, vesnické slavnosti (slavnostech), pohřby a svátky. There willusually be dancing at all of them except funerals. Tam se obvykle tančı́ na všech z nich, s výjimkou pohřbů. In the villages and inAfrican-style homes in the larger towns, people eat with their hands, although visitors will normally be offered a spoon. Ve vesnicı́cha v africké-styl domů ve většı́ch městech, lidé jedı́ se rukama, ale návštěvnı́ci budou zpravidla nabı́zeny lžı́ci. Always use your righthand, as the left is reserved for the toilet; you will cause significant offence if you do not observe this rule. Vždy použı́vejte pravé ruky,jako levá je vyhrazena pro toaletu, budete způsobit značné trestný čin, pokud nechcete dodržovat toto pravidlo. The best African foodyou’ll find will be in someone’s home, but the second best is often on the streets. Nejlepšı́ africký jı́dlo najdete bude někdo doma, aledruhý nejlepšı́ je často na ulicı́ch. Generally, the more varied the ingredients the better, and variety is part of what makes the food sointeresting. Obecně platı́, že čı́m vı́ce rozmanité složky, tı́m lépe, a rozmanitost je součástı́ toho, co dělá jı́dlo tak zajı́mavé. Many dishesare made with okra (gombo) which is very slimy, and because it’s commonly used on the streets it’s easy to get the impression thatthere’s little else. Mnohé pokrmy jsou vyrobeny s okra (gombo), který je velmi slizký, a protože je to běžně použı́vané v ulicı́ch je snadnonabýt dojmu, že tam nic jiného. Meals typically consist of a staple (rice, fermented cassava - another very sticky sensation - or bananas)with some kind of sauce. Jı́dla typicky sestávat ze střižových (rýže, fermentovaný kasavu - dalšı́ velmi lepkavé pocit - nebo banány)

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Tomas Pluskal, TomsonTom, TomášBalčák, TonyMi Trs, UGFsZDkrHtqHOSRPl, UmWVIztFgxwOXMLLLhs, UmfoGIzDqUHlOt V.Nykodym, VMVivMmu, VP, VadymDupanov Vatoz, Vašek Stodůlka, Vendula Masarová, Veryk VhsUIVMdNUfuTNJrSO, Vikos, Viktor Bruxi, Viliam Aufricht VitekD, VlK,Vladimı́r Blažek, Vladimı́r Návrat Vladimı́r Pilný, Vladimı́r Štěpán , Vladislav Kalina, VoUcTVaKe Vodnarek, Vojtěch Látal, VáclavDvořák, Václav Endler Václav Radoměřský, Václav Strnad, Václav Švirga, Věroš Kaplan Vı́c dohromady!—Bud’te vı́c pohromadě.,Vı́t Hrachový, Vı́t Profant, Vı́t Strádal Vı́t Zajac, WCgXpmpOEqXQGPLVB, WGZsDyTClHOYt, Wilbert WiruZ, WsVPzcgDevnqU,XAfhnePihRyeqNPAuMO, XgFCvykmlTVch Xwoyabratt, YRaoSWpaIdZWqck, YWcPVuLdPDixx, YXOMWPpwnRiPzTrC Yakeen,Z. 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GNU/FDLAnglicko/Český slovnı́k

GNU/FDLEnglish/Czech dictionary

GNU/FDLAnglicko/Českýslovnı́k

GNU/FDLEnglish/Czechdictionary

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2X Přidat nepravidelná slovesa

2 Přidat nepravidelná podstatná jména

2 Změnit titulnı́ stranu

2X Doladit záložky

2X Sjednotit styly použitých záhlavı́, sekcı́ a obsahů

2 Doplnit překlady, doplnit překlady a jak je to za třetı́ si ted’nemůžu vzpomenout. . .

18. června 2010Ve slovnı́ku je celkem 148351 přeložených výrazů.

Slova v heslové části a jejich překlady pocházejı́ z projektu GNU/FDL Anglicko/Český slovnı́k. Podrobnosti na adresehttp://slovnik.zcu.cz/.

Ze stejného zdroje je i datový soubor s výslovnostı́.

Vyrobeno pomocı́ typografického systému LATEX2e a programů Perl a Xfig.Sazbu připravil Petr Prášek.Tento dokument je generován denně a jeho aktuálnı́ verze je umı́stěna na adresehttp://slovnik.zcu.cz/files/slovnik.pdf.

http://slovnik.zcu.cz/http://slovnik.zcu.cz/files/slovnik.pdf

Obsah

O projektu iii

Úvod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Často kladené otázky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Formát dat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Rozdělenı́ sekcı́. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Doprovodné programy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

Přehled současného stavu překladu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Slovnı´k vii

Vysvětlivky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Výslovnost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

Nepravidelná slovesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Heslová část 1

Hesla pı́smena A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Hesla pı́smena B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Hesla pı́smena C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Hesla pı́smena D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Hesla pı́smena E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296

Hesla pı́smena F. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338

Hesla pı́smena G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386

Hesla pı́smena H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420

Hesla pı́smena I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456

Hesla pı́smena J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498

Hesla pı́smena K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509

Hesla pı́smena L. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 518

Hesla pı́smena M . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551

Hesla pı́smena N . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

Hesla pı́smena O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Hesla pı́smena P. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Hesla pı́smena Q . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 729

Hesla pı́smena R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 735

Hesla pı́smena S. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789

Hesla pı́smena T. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 902

Hesla pı́smena U . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 952

Hesla pı́smena V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 975

Hesla pı́smena W . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991

Hesla pı́smena X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023

Hesla pı́smena Y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1026

Hesla pı́smena Z. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1030

Přı́lohy 1033

GNU Free Documentation License . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1033

Svobodná dokumentačnı́ licence GNU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037

O projektu

Úvod

Rozhodl jsem se vytvořit svobodný anglicko-český slovnı́k. Cı́lem je vytvořit dostatečně rozsáhlý slovnı́k, který by bylo možno stáhnoutna svůj počı́tač.

Chci vytvořit tento slovnı́k aniž bych „vykradl“ existujı́cı́ elektronický či papı́rový slovnı́k. Tudı́ž mi nezbývá nic jiného než začı́t od nuly.

Tvořı́m slovnı́k na základě seznamu anglických slov zı́skaných z databáze i-spellu (words-x-xx.noarch.rpm). Nenı́ problém přidávatpostupně slovı́čka (at’jenom anglická, nebo již přeložená ) i z jiných zdrojů (vlastnı́ pamět’, www stránky) . Nynı́ je pouze nutné překládat,překládat a zase jenom překládat :-). Nejedná se o přepsánı́ papı́rového slovnı́ku. Máme seznam anglických slov a ta překládáme! Pokudvı́me o slovech, která nejsou v seznamu anglických slov, nenı́ problémem je doplnit. Pokud umı́te anglicky velmi dobře, použijte svojeznalosti, pokud ne, konzultujte je s výkladovým slovnı́kem (např. webster1913 nebo WorldNet), zjistěte jeho český překlad a vložte ho doslovnı́ku. Nemám zájem o nějaké skripty (nebo výsledek práce těchto skriptů) , které zjistı́ automatický překlad z on-line slovnı́ku. To serovná prakticky vykradenı́ elektronického slovnı́ku, nehledě na to, že skripty v Perlu umı́m psát taky :-)

Takže přesně řečeno: Z důvodů legálnosti nechci vykrást a nevykradu existujı́cı́ elektronické slovnı́ky, ale chci napsat celý slovnı́k od nuly.

Z již řečeného vyplývá že se bude jednat o poměrně dlouho trvajı́cı́ projekt. Uvı́tám proto lidi, kteřı́ by se rozhodli pomoci.

Milan Svoboda

Často kladené otázky

1. Co je cı́lem projektu?

Vytvořenı́ vlastnı́ databáze. Data pro dictd server + jednoduchý textový soubor. Plně zkopı́rovatelný na svůj domácı́ počı́tač (pro použitı́off-line).

2. Proč?

Nic podobného neexistuje. Samozřejmě existuje velké množstvı́ on-line slovnı́ků, ale to nenı́ to pravé ořechové pro dial-upisty §.Zkoušel jsem hledat free slovnı́ky jak pro Windows tak i pro Linux. Našel jsem (upozornil mě Petr Kolar) dva. Jeden napsal pan JamesNaughton, [email protected] (mimochodem češtinář), druhý je AJ slovnı́k napsaný Michalem Kolesou,[email protected]. Oba jsou určeny pro Windows§. Prohledával jsem mailing archiv konference Linux a hledal nějaké zmı́nkyo slovnı́ku určeném pro Linux. Našel jsem anglicko-slovenský, potom data vykradená z nějakého elektronického slovnı́ku, ale nic co by mivyhovovalo. Mimochodem, našel jsem dost proseb lidı́ hledajı́cı́ch to samé. Slovnı́k©. A taky mě štve, že existuje free německo-anglickýslovnı́k (má asi 3 MB čistého textu), free italsko-anglický slovnı́k . . . Tak proč proboha nenı́ free anglicko-český slovnı́k?©

3. Jak zajistı́m správnost překladů?

Doufám, že správci dané sekce si budou schopni udržet pořádek. Nevı́m, jak moc dobře to bude fungovat, ale jinou možnost nevidı́m.Má-li někdo nápady, necht’ se mi bez obav svěřı́ ©. Jinak nikdo nemůže očekávat 100 % bezchybovost – vždyt’ to děláme zadarmo ©.Jestliže chcete 100 % bezchybovost kupte si komerčnı́ elektronický slovnı́k. V srpnu 2001 byla na serveru www.root.cz zajı́mavárecenze na slovnı́k pod Linuxem (samozřejmě komerčnı́).

iii

http://www.root.cz/

Formát dat iv

Formát dat

Popis struktury dat překladů

Data jsou uložena v textovém souboru. Použito je standardnı́ kódovánı́ ISO-8859-2 a formát je velmi jednoduchý. Jeden překlad anglickéhoslova je i s poznámkami (slovnı́ druh atd.) uveden v jednom řádku. Položky jsou odděleny tabelátory a jsou následujı́cı́:

anglické slovo [TAB] české slovo [TAB] poznámky [TAB] speciálnı́ poznámky [TAB] překladatel

Každý dalšı́ český překlad stejného anglického slova se pı́še na dalšı́ řádek. Přı́klad:

accrue [TAB] narůstat [TAB] v:accrue [TAB] přirůstat [TAB] v:...

Poznámky: pokud je nutné zapsat vı́ce poznámek, stačı́ je oddělit mezerou.

abolish [TAB] zrušit [TAB] v: [obec.] [TAB] zákonem [TAB] Milan Svoboda

Označenı́ priority překladu: Čı́slem 1 až 10 lze označit prioritu daného překladu. Platı́ tato tabulka:1.2. nejpoužı́vanějšı́3.4. použı́vané5.6. „normálně“7.8. vyjı́mečně9.10. nepoužı́vané

Prvnı́ čı́slo označuje prioritu překladu EN→CZ, druhé použitı́ čı́sla určuje prioritu překladu CZ→EN.

Speciálnı́ poznámky: Sloužı́ k podrobnějšı́mu popisu výrazu. Je možné použı́t tak podrobný popis, jaký by byl použit ve výkladovémslovnı́ku. V každém přı́padě je ale nutné vynechat znak nového řádku a délka popisu by neměla překročit 255 znaků.

Do speciálnı́ch poznámek lze také vkládat reference na jiná slova (at’ anglická, či česká). Je vhodné použı́vat této možnosti střı́dmě.Spı́še se doporučuje použı́vat ji v přı́padech, kdy daný odkaz pomáhá vysvětlovat význam daného slova. Odkazy a reference se označujı́složenými závorkami. Vyhledávacı́ program pouze převezme výraz v závorce a vyhledá ho v databázi anglických a nebo českých slovpodle zadánı́. Formát je následujı́cı́: cz SLOVO; en SLOVO; cz en SLOVO

Spolupráce

Jestliže se rozhodnete pomoci s překladem, kontaktujte Milana Svobodu a domluvte se s nı́m na spolupráci. Potom si stáhněte nejnovějšı́data slovnı́ku (soubor slovnik data.txt), udělejte si pracovnı́ kopii tohoto souboru a v něm překládejte anglické slovı́čka. Najdete-lišpatně přeložené slovı́čko nebo nějaký překlep, nebojte se je smazat. Překlady posı́lejte Milanu Svobodovi jako normálnı́ diff soubory.

Vytvořenı́ diff souboru

a) Linux/UNIX

V přı́kazovém řádku použijte program diff:

$ diff -d PUVODNI.txt NOVY.txt > SLOVNIK.patch

Soubor PUVODNI.txt je slovnik data.txt, NOVY.txt je Váš pracovnı́ soubor.

V prostředı́ KDE existuje program kompare, který je grafickou nadstavbou programu diff. Při ukládánı́ .diff musı́te použı́t formátNORMAL.

b) Windows

Pošlete Milanovi soubor PUVODNI.txt i NOVY.txt a on si diff udělá sám. Nezapomeňte na zkomprimovánı́ (použijte zip).

Formát dat v souboru SLOVNIK.patch:Znaky ”>” začı́ná řádek obsahujı́cı́ přidávané slovı́čkoZnaky ”

v Doprovodné programy

Rozdělenı́ sekcı́

A → Milan Svoboda J → S →B → K → Konir Tomáš T →C → Jirka Šmoldas L → Ludvı́k Tesař U → Martin DvořákD → Jiřı́ Syrový M → V →E → Alice Brabcová N → Martin Dvořák W → PetrVF → Tomáš Vacek O → Miroslav Kokrda X → Martin MerinskyG → Richard Bukovanský P → Petr Prášek Y →H → Q → Ivana Čapková Z → Daniel CizinskyI → R → Michal Ambrož

Rozdělenı́m do sekcı́ je myšleno to, že daný „opatrovatel“ se stará o svoji přesně vymezenou část. Staránı́m se myslı́ kontrola správnostipřekladů, úprava celkového formátovánı́, formy tak, aby ladila s ostatnı́mi částmi. V žádném přı́padě se tı́mto neomezuje oblast překládánı́daného správce.

Doprovodné programy

Pro práci s databázı́ slovnı́ku se nabı́zı́ řada programů a utilitek. Některé z nich je dokonce možno použı́vat pod vı́ce operačnı́mi systémy.Určitě si mezi nimi najdete ten pravý.

3 Addict Program s velmi rychlým vyhledávánı́m. Slibuje dobrý vývoj do budoucnosti. Jeho vývoj je sponzorován serveremwww.abclinuxu.cz. Ke staženı́ na http://www.kotala.net/addict/.Autor: Vladimı́r Kotala, [email protected]: GNU/GPL

3 Peki Hezký program pro použı́vánı́ slovnı́kových dat napsaný v jazyce JAVA. Podrobnějšı́ informace o projektu lze nalézt na adresehttp://peki.wz.cz/index.htm.Autor: Pavel Ponec, [email protected]

3 Slovnik Program pro vyhledávánı́ překladů s velmi rychlým vyhledávánı́m. Existuje ve verzi pro Windows i Linux. Naprogramovánv Delphi/Kylixu. Ke staženı́ na http://david.liten.cz/slovnik/.Autor: David Šinágl, [email protected]

3 Klient pro databázi GNU/GPL Anglicko-Českého slovnı́ku běžı́cı́ho na serveru dione.zcu.cz. Verze pro Linux i Windows. Je napsaný vTcl+Tk. Verze pro Linux vyžaduje Tcl,Tk a verze pro Windows ActiveTcl. Obě verze vyžadujı́ připojenı́ k Internetu nebo nainstalovnýlokálnı́ MySQL server.Autor: Milan Svoboda, [email protected]: GNU/GPL

3 Linuxový program pro hledánı́, úpravu a přidávánı́ překladů slovı́ček. Nepotřebuje připojenı́ k Internetu ani nevyžaduje nainstalovanýlokálnı́ MySQL server. Využı́vá knihovnu QT3.x. Archı́v s potřebnými soubory je ke staženı́ nahttp://slovnik.zcu.cz/files/slovnik gui.tar.bz2.Autor: Milan Svoboda, [email protected]: GNU/GPL

3 Na adrese http://slovnik.zcu.cz/ lze nalést několik jednoduchých programů pro úpravu dat slovnı́ku a pro hledánı́ slovı́čekz terminálu.Autor: Milan Svoboda, [email protected]: GNU/GPL

GNU/FDL Anglicko/Český slovnı́k 0.97.8 18. června 2010

http://www.abclinuxu.cz/http://www.kotala.net/addict/http://peki.wz.cz/index.htmhttp://david.liten.cz/slovnik/http://slovnik.zcu.cz/files/slovnik_gui.tar.bz2http://slovnik.zcu.cz/

Přehled současného stavu překladu vi

Přehled současného stavu překladu1

A6148

1042510389

B5285

89639928

C8267

1460015383

D4825

88248385

E3451

59315786

F3705

69288029

G2749

48239188

H3259

51566347

I3629

60975989

J923

14311427

K813

11771538

L2759

47245796

M4894

70988800

N2456

35974198

O2073

34804400

P6560

1163212459

Q442

726675

R4213

78387532

S8868

1660417750

T4206

72188712

U2053

32603878

V1356

22112418

W2686

45284893

X203266220

Y335

521628

Z190302328

přeložených slovpřekladůslov v sekci

1V přehledu nejsou zahrnuty výrazy začı́najı́ na jiný znak, než jsou pı́smena (např. 10th, 3-D).


Slovnı́k

Vysvětlivky k poznámkám

Stavba hesla:

alabaster [æl�bæst�:] alabastr n:, jemnozrnný, čistě bı́lý nerost (soška z alabastru, bı́lý jako alabastr)↘ ↘ ↘ ↘ ↘anglický výraz výslovnost překlad slovnı́ druh poznámky, přı́klady použitı́

Označenı́ slovnı́ch druhů:

n: podstatná jména prep: předložkyv: slovesa conj: spojkyadj: přı́davná jména interj: citoslovceadv: přı́slovce num: čı́slovky

Označenı́ zda je předmětem hovoru žena nebo muž (pomůcka pro anglicky mluvı́cı́ uživatele):

female žena male muž

Určenı́ oboru v němž se použı́vá daný překlad:

astr. astronomie lingv. lingvistickéaut. automobilový průmysl lod. lodě, lodnı́ dopravabás. básnicky mat. matematikabio. biologie med. medicı́nabot. výraz z oblasti botaniky meteo. meteorologiecukr. cukrovarnictvı́ myt. mytologiedět. dětský výraz, dětsky náb. výraz z oblasti náboženstvı́dřev. těžba dřeva, dřevozpracujı́cı́ průmysl neobv. neobvykléeko. ekologie neprav. nepravidelné slovesoel. elektrotechnika obec. obecnéfin. finance opt. optikafráz. zkratka označujı́cı́ frázi polit. politický výraz či obratfrsl. frázové sloveso (např. give up) potr. potravinářský průmyslfyz. fyzika práv. právageol. geologie přen. přeneseněgeod. geodézie psych. psychologickýhorn. hornictvı́, mineralogie sex. sexuálnı́ výrazhovor. hovorově slang. slangový výrazhist. historický výraz, historický název sport. výraz z oblasti sportuhud. hudebnı́ terminologie stav. stavebnictvı́, architekturahut. hutnictvı́ tech. technický oborchem. chemie text. textilnı́ průmyslid. idiom (např. a bun in the oven) voj. vojenská terminologieit. informačnı́ technologie vulg. vulgárnějad. jaderná fyzika, technologie zast. zastaralejmén. vlastnı́ jméno zem. zeměpisný výrazker. keramický průmysl zeměděl. zemědělské stroje a technikakož. kožedělný průmysl zkr. zkratkaknižn. knižně zoo. zoologielak. nátěrová technologie, hmoty žel. železničnı́ dopravalet. letectvı́ žert. žertovně, žertovné

Jazyková oblast:

amer. americky brit. britskyaus. australsky skot. skotsky

Taktéž je možno určit, zda se jedná o množné čı́slo

pl. množné čı́slo

vii

Výslovnost viii

Výslovnost

Pro zápis výslovnosti je použita fonetická abeceda IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), resp. fonty WSUIPA (Washington StateUniversity International Phonetic Alphabet). V přı́padě, že nenı́ k dispozici font obsahujı́cı́ fonetické znaky, bývajı́ značky IPA přepisoványvhodnou kombinacı́ běžných ASCII znaků.

Použitá výslovnost je americká.

ASCII IPA přı́klad

i: i: see [si:]

I * sit [s*t]

E æ hat [hæt]

a: a: arm [a:m]

O = saw [s=]

U V put [pVt]

u: u: too [tu:]

A t cup [ktp]

R �:r fur [f�:r]

H � ago [�goV]

J e* page [pe*�]

C oV home [hoVm]

T a* five [fa*v]

V aV now [naV]

Y =* join [�=*n]

S tM chin [tMin]

Z � June [�u:n]

Q S thin [Sin]

D � then [�en]

L M she [Mi:]

G ` vision [vi`n]

N 8 sing [si8]

j j yes [jes]

k k cup [ktp]


ix Nepravidelná slovesa

Nepravidelná slovesa

Pozn.: Řada sloves má vı́ce významů, uveden je jen jeden překlad. Ostatnı́ významy jsou u přı́slušných hesel ve slovnı́kové části.

infinitiv préteritum minulé participium překlad

arise [�: ra*z] arose [�: roVz] arisen [�: r*z�n] nastatawake [�we*k] awoke [�woVk] awoke [�woVk] vzbudit se

awakened [�we*k�nd] awoke [�woVk]be [bi:] was [wa:z] been [b*n] být

were [w�: r]bear [ber] bore [b=r] born [b=rn] nést

bore [b=r] borne [b=rn]beat [bi:t] beat [bi:t] beaten [bi:t�n] bı́t

beat [bi:t]become [b*ktm] became [b*ke*m] become [b*ktm] stát sebefall [b*f=l] befell [b*fel] befallen [b�fæl�n] přihodit sebegin [b*g*n] began [b*gæn] begun [b*gtn] začı́tbehold [b*hoVld] beheld [] beheld [] hledětbend [bend] bent [bent] bent [bent] ohýbatbet [bet] bet [bet] bet [bet] vsadit se

betted [] betted []bid [b*d] bid [b*d] bid [b*d] nabı́zet cenubind [ba*nd] bound [baVnd] bound [baVnd] přivázatbite [ba*t] bit [b*t] bitten [b*t�n] kousatbleed [bli:d] bled [bled] bled [bled] krvácetblow [bloV] blew [blu:] blown [bloVn] foukatbreak [bre*k] broke [broVk] broken [broVk�n] zlomitbreed [bri:d] bred [bred] bred [bred] ploditbring [br*8] brought [br=t] brought [br=t] přinéstbroadcast [br=dkæst] broadcast [br=dkæst] broadcast [br=dkæst] vysı́latbrowbeat [braVbi:t] browbeat [braVbi:t] browbeat [braVbi:t] zastrašitbuild [b*ld] built [b*lt] built [b*lt] stavětburn [b�: rn] burnt [b�: rnt] burnt [b�: rnt] hořet

burned [b�: rnd] burned [b�: rnd]burst [b�: rst] burst [b�: rst] burst [b�: rst] prasknoutbust [btst] busted [btst*d] busted [btst*d] rozbı́t

bust [btst] bust [btst]buy [ba*] bought [ba:t] bought [ba:t] koupitcast [kæst] cast [kæst] cast [kæst] dát rolicatch [kætM] caught [ka:t] caught [ka:t] chytitchoose [tMu:z] chose [tMoVz] chosen [tMoVz�n] zvolitcling [kl*8] clung [klt8] clung [klt8] lnoutcome [ktm] came [ke*m] come [ktm] přijı́tcost [ka:st] cost [ka:st] cost [ka:st] státcreep [kri:p] crept [krept] crept [krept] plı́žit secut [ktt] cut [ktt] cut [ktt] řezatdeal [di:l] dealt [delt] dealt [delt] zabývat sedig [d*g] dug [dtg] dug [dtg] kopatdive [da*v] dove [dtv] dived [da*vd] skočit šipkudive [da*v] dived [da*vd] dived [da*vd] potápět sedo [du:] did [d*d] done [dtn] dělatdraw [dr=] drew [dru:] drawn [dr=n] kreslitdream [dri:m] dreamt [dremt] dreamt [dremt] zdát se

dreamed [dri:md] dreamed [dri:md]drink [dr*8k] drank [dræ8k] drunk [drt8k] pı́tdrive [dra*v] drove [droVv] driven [dr*v�n] řı́ditdwell [dwel] dwelt [dwelt] dwelt [dwelt] zabývat se

dwelled [dweld] dwelled [dweld]eat [i:t] ate [e*t] eaten [i:t�n] jı́stfall [f=l] fell [fel] fallen [f=l�n] padatfeed [fi:d] fed [fed] fed [fed] krmitfeel [fi:l] felt [felt] felt [felt] cı́titfight [fa*t] fought [f=t] fought [f=t] bojovatfind [fa*nd] found [faVnd] found [faVnd] objevitfit [f*t] fit [f*t] fit [f*t] pasovatfit [f*t] fit [f*t] fit [f*t]

fitted [f*t�d] fitted [f*t�d]flee [fli:] fled [fled] fled [fled] útecifling [fl*8] flung [flt8] flung [flt8] hoditfly [fla*] flew [flu:] flown [floVn] létatforbid [f�: rb*d] forbade [f�: rbe*d] forbidden [f=rb*d�n] zakázat


Nepravidelná slovesa x

forecast [f=rkæst] forecast [f=rkæst] forecast [f=rkæst] předpovědětforego (forgo) [f=rgoV] forewent [] foregone [f=rg=n] zřı́ci seforesee [f=rsi:] foresaw [f=rs=] foreseen [f=rsi:n] předvı́datforetell [f=rtel] foretold [f=rtoVld] foretold [f=rtoVld] předpovı́datforget [f�: rget] forgot [f�: rga:t] forgotten [f�: rga:t�n] zapomenoutforgive [f�: rg*v] forgave [f�: rge*v] forgiven [f�: rg*v�n] odpustitforsake [f=rse*k] forsook [f=rsVk] forsaken [f=rse*k�n] opustitfreeze [fri:z] froze [froVz] frozen [froVz�n] mrznoutget [get] got [ga:t] got [ga:t] dostat

gotten [ga:t�n]give [g*v] gave [ge*v] given [g*v�n] dátgo [goV] went [went] gone [g=n] jı́tgrind [gra*nd] ground [graVnd] ground [graVnd] rozemlı́tgrow [groV] grew [gru:] grown [groVn] růsthang [hæ8] hung [ht8] hung [ht8] visethave [hæv] had [hæd] had [hæd] mı́thear [h*r] heard [h�: rd] heard [h�: rd] slyšethide [ha*d] hid [h*d] hidden [h*d�n] skrýthit [h*t] hit [h*t] hit [h*t] udeřithold [hoVld] held [held] held [held] držethurt [h�: rt] hurt [h�: rt] hurt [h�: rt] zranitinput [*npVt] input [*npVt] input [*npVt] vložitinset [*nset] inset [*nset] inset [*nset] přiložitinterbreed [] interbred [] interbred [] křı́žitinterweave [] interwove [] interwoven [] protkatkeep [ki:p] kept [kept] kept [kept] držetkneel [ni:l] knelt [nelt] knelt [nelt] kleknout

kneeled [] kneeled []knit [n*t] knit [n*t] knit [n*t] plést

knitted [n*t�d] knitted [n*t�d]know [noV] knew [nu:] known [noVn] vědětlay [le*] laid [le*d] laid [le*d] položitlead [led] led [led] led [led] véstlean [li:n] leaned [li:nd] leaned [li:nd] naklonit

leant [] leant []leap [li:p] leapt [lept] leapt [lept] skočit

leaped [lept] leaped [lept]learn [l�: rn] learned [l�: rnd] learned [l�: rnd] učit se

learnt [] learnt []leave [li:v] left [left] left [left] opustitlend [lend] lent [lent] lent [lent] půjčitlet [let] let [let] let [let] nechatlie [la*] lay [le*] lain [le*n] ležetlie [la*] lied [la*d] lied [la*d] lhátlight [la*t] lit [l*t] lit [l*t] osvětlit

lighted [la*t�d] lighted [la*t�d]lose [lu:z] lost [l=st] lost [l=st] ztratitmake [me*k] made [me*d] made [me*d] dělatmean [mi:n] meant [ment] meant [ment] znamenatmeet [mi:t] met [met] met [met] potkatmishear [] misheard [] misheard [] špatně slyšetmislay [] mislaid [] mislaid [] založitmislead [m*sli:d] misled [m*sled] misled [m*sled] oklamatmisread [m*sri:d] misread [m*sri:d] misread [m*sri:d] špatně přečı́stmisspell [] misspelled [m*sspeld] misspelled [m*sspeld] udělat hrubku

misspelt [] misspelt []mistake [m*ste*k] mistook [m*stVk] mistaken [m*ste*k�n] splést simisunderstand [m*s�nd�: rstænd] misunderstood [m*s�nd�: rstVd] misunderstood [m*s�nd�: rstVd] nechápatmow [moV] mowed [moVd] mowed [moVd] posekat

mow [moV]outbid [aVtb*d] outbid [aVtb*d] outbid [aVtb*d] nabı́dnout vı́ceoutdo [aVtdu:] outdid [aVtd*d] outdone [aVtdtn] překonatoutgrow [aVtgroV] outgrew [aVtgru:] outgrown [aVtgroVn] vyrůst zoutrun [aVtrtn] outran [] outrun [aVtrtn] předběhnoutoutsell [aVtsel] outsold [aVtsoVld] outsold [aVtsoVld] prodat vı́covercast [oVv�: rkæst] overcast [oVv�: rkæst] overcast [oVv�: rkæst] zatáhnout seovercome [oVv�: rktm] overcame [oVv�: rke*m] overcome [oVv�: rktm] zdolatoverdo [oVv�: rdu:] overdid [oVv�: rd*d] overdone [oVv�: rdtn] přehánětoverdraw [oVv�: rdr=] overdrew [] overdrawn [oVv�: rdr=n] přečerpatovereat [oVv�: ri:t] overate [] overeaten [] přejı́st seoverhang [oVv�: rhæ8] overhung [] overhung [] tyčit seoverhear [oVv�: rh*r] overheard [oVv�: rh�: rd] overheard [oVv�: rh�: rd] zaslechnout


xi Nepravidelná slovesa

overlay [oVv�: rle*] overlaid [oVv�: rle*d] overlaid [oVv�: rle*d] překrýtoverlie [] overlay [oVv�: rle*] overlain [oVv�: rle*n] ležet naoverpay [oVv�: rpe*] overpaid [oVv�: rpe*d] overpaid [oVv�: rpe*d] přeplatitoverride [oVv�: rra*d] overrode [oVv�: rroVd] overridden [oVv�: rr*d�n] převážitoverrun [oVv�: rrtn] overran [oVv�: rræn] overrun [oVv�: rrtn] obsaditoversee [oVv�: rsi:] oversaw [oVv�: rs=] overseen [oVv�: rsi:n] dohlı́žetoversell [] oversold [oVv�: rsoVld] oversold [oVv�: rsoVld] nadbı́zetovershoot [oVv�: rMu:t] overshot [oVv�: rMa:t] overshot [oVv�: rMa:t] přejetoversleep [] overslept [oVv�: rslept] overslept [oVv�: rslept] zaspatovertake [oVv�: rte*k] overtook [oVv�: rtVk] overtaken [oVv�: rte*k�n] předhonitoverthrow [oVv�: rSroV] overthrew [oVv�: rSru:] overthrown [oVv�: rSroVn] svrhnoutpartake [pa:rte*k] partook [] partaken [] podı́let sepay [pe*] paid [pe*d] paid [pe*d] platitplead [pli:d] pled [pled] pled [pled] prosit

pleaded [pli:d�d] pleaded [pli:d�d]pre-set [] pre-set [] pre-set [] předvolitproofread [] proofread [] proofread [] čı́st korekturyprove [pru:v] proved [pru:vd] proven [pru:v�n] dokázat

proved [pru:vd]put [pVt] put [pVt] put [pVt] položitquit [kw*t] quit [kw*t] quit [kw*t] opustit

quitted [] quitted []re-lay [] re-laid [] re-laid [] přenášetread [red] read [red] read [red] čı́strebind [] rebound [ri:baVnd] rebound [ri:baVnd] převázatrebuild [ri:b*ld] rebuilt [ri:b*lt] rebuilt [ri:b*lt] přestavětrecast [ri:kæst] recast [ri:kæst] recast [ri:kæst] přepracovatredo [ri:du:] redid [ri:d*d] redone [ri:dtn] předělatremake [ri:me*k] remade [ri:me*d] remade [ri:me*d] předělatrepay [ri:pe*] repaid [ri:pe*d] repaid [ri:pe*d] splatitrerun [ri:rtn] reran [] rerun [ri:rtn] zopakovatresell [ri:sel] resold [ri:soVld] resold [ri:soVld] prodat dálreset [ri:set] reset [ri:set] reset [ri:set] vynulovatrethink [ri:S*8k] rethought [] rethought [] přehodnotitrewind [] rewound [] rewound [] přetočitrewrite [ri:ra*t] rewrote [ri:roVt] rewritten [ri:r*t�n] přepsatrid [r*d] rid [r*d] rid [r*d] odstranitride [ra*d] rode [roVd] ridden [r*d�n] jezditring [r*8] rang [ræ8] rung [rt8] zvonitrise [ra*z] rose [roVz] risen [r*z�n] zvednout serun [rtn] ran [ræn] run [rtn] běžetsaw [s=] sawed [s=d] sawed [s=d] řezat pilou

sawn []say [se*] said [sed] said [sed] řı́cisee [si:] saw [s=] seen [si:n] vidětseek [si:k] sought [s=t] sought [s=t] hledatsell [sel] sold [soVld] sold [soVld] prodatsend [send] sent [sent] sent [sent] poslatset [set] set [set] set [set] položitsew [soV] sewed [soVd] sewn [soVn] šı́t

sewed [soVd]shake [Me*k] shook [MVk] shaken [Me*k�n] třást seshear [M*r] sheared [M*rd] shorn [M=rn] ostřı́hat

sheared [M*rd]shed [Med] shed [Med] shed [Med] zbavit seshine [Ma*n] shined [Ma*nd] shined [Ma*nd] svı́tit

shone [MoVn] shone [MoVn]shit [Mi:t] shit [Mi:t] shit [Mi:t] podělat se

shat [] shat []shoot [Mu:t] shot [Ma:t] shot [Ma:t] střı́letshow [MoV] showed [MoVd] shown [MoVn] ukazovat

showed [MoVd]shrink [Mr*8k] shrank [Mræ8k] shrunk [Mrt8k] srazit se

shrunk [Mrt8k]shut [Mtt] shut [Mtt] shut [Mtt] zavřı́tsing [s*8] sang [sæ8] sung [st8] zpı́vatsit [s*t] sat [sæt] sat [sæt] sedětslay [sle*] slew [slu:] slain [sle*n] zabı́tsleep [sli:p] slept [slept] slept [slept] spátslide [sla*d] slid [sl*d] slid [sl*d] klouzat sesling [sl*8] slung [slt8] slung [slt8] mrštitslit [sl*t] slit [sl*t] slit [sl*t] rozřı́znout


Nepravidelná slovesa xii

smell [smel] smelled [smeld] smelled [smeld] být cı́titsmelt [] smelt []

speak [spi:k] spoke [spoVk] spoken [spoVk�n] mluvitspeed [spi:d] sped [sped] sped [sped] uhánět

speeded [spi:d*d] speeded [spi:d*d]spell [spel] spelled [speld] spelled [speld] hláskovat

spelt [] spelt []spend [spend] spent [spent] spent [spent] strávitspin [sp*n] spun [sptn] spun [sptn] otočit sespit [sp*t] spit [sp*t] spit [sp*t] plivat

spat [spæt] spat [spæt]split [spl*t] split [spl*t] split [spl*t] rozdělitspoil [sp=*l] spoiled [sp=*ld] spoiled [sp=*ld] zkazit se

spoilt [] spoilt []spoon-feed [] spoon-fed [] spoon-fed [] vodit za ručičkuspread [spred] spread [spred] spread [spred] rozprostřı́tspring [spr*8] sprang [spræ8] sprung [sprt8] skočit

sprung [sprt8]stand [stænd] stood [stVd] stood [stVd] státsteal [sti:l] stole [stoVl] stolen [stoVl�n] kráststick [st*k] stuck [sttk] stuck [sttk] lepitsting [st*8] stung [stt8] stung [stt8] bodnoutstink [st*8k] stank [stæ8k] stunk [stt8k] páchnout

stunk [stt8k]strew [stru:] strewed [] strewn [stru:n] rozházet

strewed []stride [stra*d] strode [stroVd] stridden [] kráčetstrike [stra*k] struck [strtk] stricken []strike [stra*k] struck [strtk] struck [strtk] udeřit

stricken [str*k�n]string [str*8] strung [strt8] strung [strt8] zavěsitstrive [stra*v] strove [stroVv] striven [str*v�n] snažit se

strived [] strived []swear [swer] swore [sw=r] sworn [sw=rn] přı́sahatsweep [swi:p] swept [swept] swept [swept] zaméstswell [swel] swelled [sweld] swollen [swoVl�n] otékat

swelled [sweld]swim [sw*m] swam [swæm] swum [swtm] plavatswing [sw*8] swung [swt8] swung [swt8] houpat setake [te*k] took [tVk] taken [te*k�n] vzı́tteach [ti:tM] taught [t=t] taught [t=t] učittear [ter] tore [t=r] torn [t=rn] trhattell [tel] told [toVld] told [toVld] řı́cithink [S*8k] thought [S=t] thought [S=t] mysletthrow [SroV] threw [Sru:] thrown [SroVn] hoditthrust [Srtst] thrust [Srtst] thrust [Srtst] vrazittread [tred] trod [tra:d] trodden [] šlapat

trod [tra:d]unbind [] unbound [�nbaVnd] unbound [�nbaVnd] rozvázatunderlie [tnd�: rla*] underlay [] underlain [] být základemunderstand [tnd�: rstænd] understood [tnd�: rstVd] understood [tnd�: rstVd] rozumětundertake [tnd�: rte*k] undertook [tnd�: rtVk] undertaken [tnd�: rte*k�n] ujmout seunderwrite [tnd�: rra*t] underwrote [tnd�: rroVt] underwritten [tnd�: rr*t�n] pojistitundo [�ndu:] undid [�nd*d] undone [�ndtn] rozvázatunwind [�nwa*nd] unwound [�nwaVnd] unwound [�nwaVnd] uvolnit seuphold [�phoVld] upheld [�pheld] upheld [�pheld] udržovatupset [�pset] upset [�pset] upset [�pset] rozrušitwake [we*k] woke [woVk] woken [woVk�n] vzbudit

waked [] waked []wear [wer] wore [w=r] worn [w=rn] nositweave [wi:v] wove [woVv] woven [woVv�n] tkátwed [wed] wed [wed] wed [wed] vzı́t si (koho)

wedded [wed�d] wedded [wed�d]weep [wi:p] wept [wept] wept [wept] plakatwet [wet] wet [wet] wet [wet] navlhčit

wetted [] wetted []win [w*n] won [wtn] won [wtn] vyhrátwind [wa*nd] wound [waVnd] wound [waVnd] točit sewithdraw [w*�dr=] withdrew [w*Sdru:] withdrawn [w*Sdr=n] ustoupitwring [r*8] wrung [rt8] wrung [rt8] zakroutitwrite [ra*t] wrote [roVt] written [r*t�n] psát


1 a – a common thread

A

A[e*]

a

a nějaký, jakýsia za, dobu, kusa neurčitý člena after poté coa babe in arms malé dı́těa babe in the woods bezbranná osoba n:a back-up copy záložnı́ kopiea bad taste in my mouth tušit něco zléhoa bad taste in my mouth mı́t špatný pocita bad time nedostatek času, pozdě [fráz.], Doslova: ”špatný čas”a ball-park figure přibližný odhada bar fly barový povaleč [fráz.], osoba chodı́cı́ často do barů a

hospoda bar star barová holka [fráz.], dı́vka chodı́cı́ do barů pı́t a hledat

nové přátelea bare-faced lie úmyslná leža barnburner napı́navá hra n:a barnburner narážka na bajku o muži, který spálil stodolu aby

se zbavil krys n:a barnburner úspěšný výsledek n:a barnburner významná událost n:a barrel sud (barel) n:, nádoba válcovitého tvarua barrel of laughs velká zábava [fráz.], Doslova: ”sud zábavy

(?)”a barrel of laughs hromada srandy [fráz.], Doslova: ”sud zábavy

(?)”a basket case ruina n: [hovor.]a basket case troska, ruina n: [hovor.]a basket case zřı́cenina n: [hovor.]a bawling out udělené kázánı́ n:a bed of roses na růžı́ch ustláno [fráz.], Doslova: ”postel s růžemi”a bed of roses záhon růžı́ [fráz.], Doslova: ”postel s růžemi”a bee in her bonnet neodbytná, vtı́ravá myšlenka [fráz.]a bee in her bonnet podivı́n [fráz.]a beehive of activity mı́sto plné pracovitých lidı́a belt pás, opasek, řemen, pásek n:a big bloob hromotluk n:a big do velká zábava n:a big shot papaláš n:a big wheel mocný člověk n:a big wig velké zvı́ře n:a billion miliarda n:a bimbo hloupá dı́vka n:a bit trochua bit at sea být nejistýa bit like trochu jako adv:a bit mental nevyrovnaný adj:a bit mental neracionálnı́ adj:a bit much trochu moc adj:a bit of coward kus zbabělce n:a bit of fluff žena n:a bit of fluff kočka n:a bit off neracionálnı́ adj:a bite to eat trocha jı́dla n:a bite to eat něco k snědkua bitter pill bolestivá zkušenost n:a black mark černý puntı́ka blackout (TV) úmyslné nevysı́lánı́ TVa blackout (war) zákaz svı́tit světlema blank look nechápavý pohleda blast zaútočit - napadnout v:a blast zničit v:

a blast vyhodit do vzduchu v:a blast odstřelit pomocı́ trhaviny v:a blessing in disguise problém řešı́cı́ jiný probléma blowout pı́chnutá pneumatika n:a bone to pick jablko svárua breath of fresh air milá změna n:a breath of wind lehký váneka brick cihlový adj:a brick postavit z cihel v:a brick cihla n:a brief soudnı́ přı́kaz [brit.]a budding genius geniálnı́ dı́těa budget surplus rozpočtový přebyteka bull in a china shop slon v porcelánua bull in a china shop nemotorný člověka bull in a china shop neohrabaneca bum rap falešné obviněnı́ n:a bummer přibližovacı́ vozı́ka bun in the oven čekajı́cı́ dı́těa bunch of malarkey hromada nesmyslů [slang.]a bunch of malarkey kupa keců [slang.]a bunch of malarkey hramada nesmyslů [slang.]a bundle of nerves nervóznı́ osoba n:a capella singing zpěv bez kapely n:, znamená zpěv bez dopro-

vodné hudbya cappella bez kapely [hud.]a cappella bez doprovodu [hud.]a cappella singing zpěv bez kapely n:, znamená zpěv bez dopro-

vodné hudbya case of ukázka něčehoa case off vyztužita caution varovat v:a caution výstraha n:a caution opatrnost n:a cheap drunk opilec, který toho moc nesnese [fráz.]a checkup kontrola správnosti n:a checkup vyšetřenı́ n:, lékařskéa chicken in every pot dost jı́dla pro všechny rodiny [fráz.]a chin wag nezávazná neformálnı́ konverzace, žvatlánı́ [fráz.]a chip off the old block jablko nepadlo daleko od stromu [fráz.]a chunk of change hromada peněz [fráz.]a clean bill of health dobrý zdravotnı́ stava cliff-hanger napı́navá hra n:a close call těsný mı́ček n: [slang.] [sport.], v tenisea close call dostat se z něčeho jen tak tak v: [slang.]a close call unik o vlas v: [slang.]a close shave vyholenı́a clutch hitter (baseball) prvnı́ pálkujı́cı́ adj:a cold neosobnı́a cold udělat něco bez přı́pravy, přı́mo [slang.].a cold v bezvědomı́ [slang.].a cold frigidnı́a cold neosobnýa cold starýa cold slabýa cold vychladlýa cold chladnýa cold studenýa cold rýmaa cold fish studený jak psı́ čumák [fráz.], o člověkua cold fish suchar [fráz.], o člověkua common thread obvyklá zápletka n:


A

a contract out on – a la 2

a contract out on odměna na hlavua coon’s age dlouhá doba n:a copy kopie n:a couple pára couple of dvojice adj:a crash course koliznı́ kurz, dráha na které dojde ke srážce, např.

dvě lodi jsou na koliznı́m kurzu - musı́ se srazita crush on náhlý pocit láskya crying shame smutná událost n:a crying shame velká škoda n:a cut above lepšı́ výsledeka cut-up baviča daredevil smı́lec n:, dare = odvážit se, devil = horlivec, doveda

(kromě d’ábla samozřejmě)a daredevil odvážlivec n:, dare = odvážit se, devil = horlivec,

doveda (kromě d’ábla samozřejmě)a daredevil odvážný člověk n:, dare = odvážit se, devil = horlivec,

doveda (kromě d’ábla samozřejmě)a dead certificate úmrtnı́ lista dead giveaway jasné znamenı́ n:a dead heat velmi tesné vı́tězstvı́ n:a dead loss úplná ztráta n:a dead ringer velká podobnost n:a dead ringer podobnost dvojčetea dickens of a time obtı́žný úkola dictionary slovnı́k n:a different kettle of fish odlišný adj:a different kettle of fish jiný adj:a dime a dozen velmi levnýa dog’s age dlouhá doba n:a dog’s age 10 až 15 leta dog’s breakfast směsice různých věcı́ adj:a dog’s life mı́t se špatněa dog’s life život v chudoběa dog’s life psı́ života dog’s sleep lehký spáneka doggy bag zbytky jı́dla z restaurace odnesené domů psovi n:a doggy bag sáček se zbytky jı́dla, tataa double-edged sword dvousečný meča downer (drug) utišujı́cı́ léka downer (drug) sedativuma downer (sadness) smutná událost n:a drag nuda n:a dressing down udělené kázánı́ n:a drop in the bucket malá částa dust-up rvačka n:a fair shake uspokojivá náhrada n:a falling out hádka n:a false move neočekávaný pohyba false move špatný pohyba falsehood leža far cry dalekoa faraway look pohled do dália fart in a windstorm zbytečná snaha n:a fat lip rozbitá ústa n:a feather in your cap uznánı́ za prácia feeling pocita few pára few několika few bricks short of a full load nerozumný adj:a fifth wheel nepotřebné zařı́zenı́ n:a fighting chance férová šancea fill-up natankovánı́ paliva n:a fine line úzký vztaha fine-toothed comb detailnı́ zkoumánı́ n:a firm hand pevná ruka n:a firm hand osoba usměrňujı́cı́ mravya flash in the pan osoba nepracujı́cı́ stále dobřea fleeting glance zběžný pohleda fly on the wall chtı́t slyšet trávu růsta fool and his money are soon parted hýřil brzy nemá nica foregone conclusion jasný výsledeka fortiori o to vı́ce adv:a free hand výběr podle libostia free-for-all rvačka n:

a freeze on zastavenı́ nějaké činnostia fresh pair of eyes čtenář neznajı́cı́ knihua fresh start nový života full house (cards) dvojice a trojice v pokerua full plate plné ruce prácea full plate plný talı́řa gaggle of geese hejno husı́a game one nekompromisnı́ hráča ghost of a chance mizivá šancea glow on lehce opilýa go-getter velmi pilný zaměstnanec n:a go-getter těžce pracujı́cı́ zaměstnanec n:a going concern všetečné dı́těa golden opportunity dobrá šancea golden opportunity dobrá investicea goner ztracená záležitost n:a good arm dobře házejı́cı́ hráča good deal mnohoa good deal hodněa good egg milá osoba n:a good head milá osoba n:a good many velmi mnohoa good mark dobrý člověk [amer.]a good peny poctivý chlapa good sport férová osoba n:a good while hezky dlouhoa grain of truth zrnko pravdya great deal mnohem, o mnoho adv:a group people having approximately the same age skupina

lidı́ majı́cı́ v průměru stejný věk [fráz.]A guy like me don’t need that sort of think. Chlapı́k jako já

nemá důvod takhle uvažovat.a handful neposedné dı́těa handful hrst n:, (něčeho)a handout jı́dlo zdarma n:a hard day náročný dena hard row to hoe obtı́žný úkola hard time nepřı́jemný časa hassle problém n:a head start náskok v závodua heavy day náročný dena heavy hitter silák n:a heavy see rozbouřené mořea heavyweight mocný člověka hell of a time nádherný časa helping hand pomocná ruka n:a hill of beans malé množstvı́ n:a hit hit n:a hit dávka droga hollow leg mı́t velký spláveka holy pile velké množstvı́ n:a hoot dobrá zábava n:a hoot velká legracea horse of a different color odlišná záležitost n:a hot hand št’astná ruka při hrácha hot number žhavé téma n:a hot ticket populárnı́ výrobeka hot topic žhavé téma n:a hotdog hráč pro obecenstvoa hothead cholerik n:a hotshot vejtaha n: [amer.] [slang.] [přen.]a hotshot výtaha n:a household name jméno známé osobnostia howling blizzard sněhová bouřea humdinger nádherný výrobeka hundred sto, stovka adj:a hundred and one sto a jeden adj:a hundred thousand sto tisı́ca hundred times stokráta hungry belly has no ears řečmi člověka nenasytı́š [fráz.]a jako africký papoušek (Psittacus erithacus), žako n:a jim dandy nádherná věca kept woman ”koupená” manželka n:a kept woman manželka za penı́zea la na způsob, ve stylu


3 a la carte – a snow job

Aa la carte podle jı́delnı́čkua la king vařené v bı́lé krémové omáčce se zeleninou, gastronomiea la mode podle poslednı́ módya lady-killer pohledný muža law zákona leg up prvnı́ kroka level playing field vyrovnat šance na výhrua lick and a promise rychlý úklida lift dobrý pocita line čára n:a little trochu adj:a little bird told me někdo mi řekla little bit trošku adj:a little bit maličko adj:a little bit boring kapku nudný [fráz.]a little castle hrádeka little off trochu bláznivýa little off nakřivoa little steep trochu drahýa little thick přı́liš chválya long shot malá šance na výhrua long time ago dávno adv:a loose cannon nevypočitatelný člověka losing streak řada porážeka lost cause zbytečná námaha n:a lost cause ztracený plána lot moca lot of mnohoa lot of hodně, čehoa lot of bunk kupa lžı́a lot of folderol hromada nesmyslůa lot of water spousta vody [fráz.]a lot of water has passed under the bridge hodně vody uplynulo

[fráz.]a lot on the ball inteligentnı́ adj:a love tap jemné postrčenı́ n:a lucky break hodně štěstı́a lucky streak řada výhera major a dura man of feeling citový člověka man of few words málomluvný člověka man of the cloth farářa man of worth zasloužilý člověka man’s home is his castle pánův dům je jeho hrada marked man známý zločinec n:a match zápas n:a matter problém n:a member člen n:a mental block překážka v učenı́ n:a million milion adj:a million times mnohokrát, často adv:a month of Sundays mnoho dnı́ adj:a must nutná zkušenost n:a nail-biter napı́navá hra n:a nail-biter napı́navý pořada necktie party oběšenı́ n:a necktie party lynčovánı́ n:a new broom sweeps clean nové kostě dobře metea new lease on life nový začáteka newspaper kiosk novinový stánekA Nice Day hezký den n:a notch below ne tak dobrýa number of řadaa nut case blázenA one nejvyššı́ kvalitya pack of lies hromada lžı́a pain in the butt osoba dělajı́cı́ problémya paltry sum malé penı́zea paper trail množstvı́ dokumentůa part část n:a party to crime pomoc při zločinua pat answer plánovaná odpověd’a penny for your thoughts řekni mi co si myslı́ša perfect stranger úplný cizinec n:a pick-me-up životabudič

a picture obrázek n:a picture is worth a thousand words obrázek sdělı́ vı́ce než texta piece of cake lehký úkola piece of my mind mnou udělená kritika n:a piece of news novinářská zprávaa piece of piss lehký úkola piece of the action podı́l na ziskua piece of the action podı́l na kořistia pig in a poke riziko n:a pig in a poke zajı́c v pytlia pinch of salt špetka solia pinch to grow an inch štı́pnutı́ oslavence narozenina pine float párátko ve sklenici vodya pity škoda n:, ve významu: ”to je škoda”a play on words dvojsmyslná věta n:a pocket of resistance malá skupina odpůrcůa poker face tvář bez výrazua pop za jednu osobua pop jeden lı́steka posteriori ve smyslua pretty penny hodně peněza priori a prioria priori nezaložený na zkušenostia priori aprioria quarter to tři čtvrtě naa question of důležitý faktora quick study rychlé studiuma quickie rychlá hra n:a quickie rychlý sexa rack police, regál n:a rat krysa n:a raw deal nevýhodná smlouva n:a red-letter day zvláštnı́ dena redneck netolerantnı́ osoba n:a redneck burana regular guy obyčejný člověka riot velká legracea rip-off přı́liš vysoká cena n:a rival company konkurenčnı́ firmaa rolling stone gathers no moss přı́lišný neposeda n:a rope lano n:a rough time být škádlen ostatnı́mia rough time of it stresujı́cı́ obdobı́a royal pain nepřı́jemný pocita run for your money oponent n:a run for your money silná konkurencea sack of hammers těžký předměta sack of potatoes pytel brambora sad sack člověk nedotahujı́cı́ práci do koncea sample of the cloth vzorek látkya scandal is brewing mluvı́ se o skandálua score to settle nevyřı́zený účeta screw loose bláznivý adj:a send-up zesměšněnı́ n:a shadow of his former self být mnohem hubenějšı́a sharp tongue ostrý jazyka sharp wit vtipné poznámkya shitload velké množstvı́ n:a shogun mocný obchodnı́ka shoo-in jasný vı́těza short one sklenka whiskya shot in the arm povzbuzenı́ [slang.]a shot in the dark střela od bokua sick building budova s vydýchaným vzduchema sight for sore eyes milé shledánı́a sitting duck snadný cı́la slim chance malá šancea slip of a girl mladá dı́vkaa slip of the tongue vyslovená chyba n:a slippery slope riskantnı́ plána slow day špatný den pro obchoda slug trs n:a slug skupinka n:a snootful zavětřenı́ n:a snow job podvod n:


A

a snowball’s chance in hell – abated 4

a snowball’s chance in hell mizivá šance na úspěcha soft touch osoba neumějı́cı́ odmı́tnouta speech projeva spot of tea šálek čajea steal sleva n:a stitch in time saves nine preventivnı́ oprava n:a stone’s throw krátká vzdálenost n:a stone’s throw co by kamenem dohodila stone’s throw 25 metrůa sucker for punishment obětnı́ beránek n:a suicide pass (hockey) druh nahrávky v hokejia sure bet jasný vı́těza sure thing samozřejmost n:a sweet tooth chut’na sladkéa takeoff on založený na stejném nápadua talking to vynadánı́ n:a tall one silný alkohola tall story báchorkaa tempest in a teapot mnoho povyku pro nica thorn in my side osoba dělajı́cı́ problémya thousand tisı́c n:a three-bagger šeredná osoba n:a tiny bit trošičkua token gesture malý náznak děkovánı́ n:a tongue-lashing vynadánı́ n:a total stranger úplný cizinec n:a touch of přı́znaky nějaké nemocia tough act to follow těžko napodobitelný výkona tough call těžké rozhodnutı́ n:a tough time of it těžká doba n:a tower of strength přı́tel do deštěa wake-up call varovánı́ n:a warning varovánı́ n:a wash být si kvita wash-out selhánı́ n:a way with words povı́davost n:a way with words schopnost povı́data whale of a game napı́navá hra n:a wild goose chase bezvýsledné pronásledovánı́ n:a wild goose chase plýtvánı́ časema window of opportunity přı́ležitost n:a wolf in sheep’s clothing nevinně vypadajı́cı́ nepřı́tela word to the wise is sufficient porozuměnı́ klı́čovému slovua wordsmith spisovatela yawner nudná událost n:A-1 nejvyššı́ kvalityA-bomb atomová bombaA-OK lepšı́ než průměrA-Okay lepšı́ než průměrA.D. našeho letopočtu, ”latinsky Anno Domini”A.I.D.S AIDSa.k.a též známý jako [zkr.], also known asa.k.a. též známý jakoa.k.a. alias, also known asa.k.a. též známy jako..., also known asa.m. ráno, (dopoledne) s časovým údajema/c klimatizace, (air conditioning)A/P autopilotA/R účty odběratelůA/S Age/Sex? [zkr.]A/S/L Age/Sex/Location (or Language)? [zkr.]A1 nejvyššı́ kvalityAAA [tr*p�le*] Travel club [zkr.]AAAAA Travel club for alcoholics [zkr.]AAAS American Association for the Advancement of Science

[zkr.] [voj.]Aachen [a:k�n] Aachen n:, město v Německuaachoo hepčı́k interj:, citoslovce kýchnutı́AAM Air to Air Missile [zkr.] [voj.]AAMOF As A Matter Of Fact [zkr.]aardvark [a:rdva:rk] hrabáč n:, Orycteropusaardwolf druh hyenyAAVP Advanced Aircrew Vision Protection [zkr.] [voj.]ab initio neempirický adv:ab ovo od začátku adv:

ab ovo od vajı́čka adv:abaca manilské konopı́abaci počı́tadla n: pl., {en abacus}aback [�bæk] překvapenaback [�bæk] zpětaback [�bæk] vzaduabacus [æb�k�s] počitadlo n:abacuses počitadlaAbaddon anděl ničitelAbaddon anděl bezedné propastiabaft zaabaft vzaduabaft na zádiabaft na zád’abaft dozaduabalone [æb�loVni:] mořský plžabalone [æb�loVni:] ušeň, mořský plžabampere abampér n:abampere absolutnı́ ampérabandon [�bænd�n] zanechatabandon [�bænd�n] abandonovat v:abandon [�bænd�n] opouštět v:abandon [�bænd�n] zanedbat v:abandon [�bænd�n] vzdát se v:, čehoabandon [�bænd�n] opustit v:abandon to oddat se, zcela se oddat (čemu)abandoned [�bænd�nd] zanechaný adj:abandoned [�bænd�nd] opustilabandoned [�bænd�nd] zkažený adj:abandoned [�bænd�nd] zhýralý adj:abandoned [�bænd�nd] zpustlýabandoned [�bænd�nd] opuštěnýabandoned [�bænd�nd] nemravnýabandoned infant opuštěné dı́tě n:abandoned person opuštěná osoba n:abandoned ship opuštěná lod’n:abandoning [�bænd�n*8] opouštějı́cı́ adj:abandoning [�bænd�n*8] opouštěnı́abandonment [�bænd�nm�nt] opuštěnı́ n:abandonment [�bænd�nm�nt] opuštěná budovaabandons [�bænd�nz] opouštı́ v:abase ponı́žit v:abase pokořit v:abase degradovat v:abase oneself pokořit se [form.]abase oneself snı́žit se (k čemu), ponı́žit se, zdiskreditovat se

(něčı́m)abased degradovánabasement ponı́ženı́ n:abasement pokořenı́abash zastrašit v:abash zahanbit v:abash zakřiknout v:abashed [�bæMt] zastrašen adj:abashing zastrašovánı́ v:abashment rozpakyabasia abázie n:abasic abazický adj:abate [�be*t] zmı́rněnı́ n:abate [�be*t] zmenšit v:abate [�be*t] zrušit v: [prav.]abate [�be*t] zmı́rnit v:abate [�be*t] zmenšovat v:abate [�be*t] ustávat v:abate [�be*t] zastavit v: [prav.]abate [�be*t] učinit přı́trž čemu v:abate [�be*t] stát se neplatným v: [prav.]abate [�be*t] snı́žit v:abate [�be*t] slábnout v:abate [�be*t] skoncovat s v:abate [�be*t] rušit v:abate [�be*t] poskytovat slevu v:abate [�be*t] polevit v:, o větruabate [�be*t] odečı́tat v:abated [�be*t*d] zrušil v:


5 abated – abided

Aabated [�be*t*d] zmı́rnil v:abated [�be*t*d] zmenšoval v:abated [�be*t*d] zastavil v:abated [�be*t*d] ustával v:abated [�be*t*d] snı́žil v:abated [�be*t*d] slábl v:abated [�be*t*d] rušil v:abated [�be*t*d] polevil v:abatement [�be*tm�nt] zmenšenı́ n:abatement [�be*tm�nt] snı́ženı́, zmı́rněnı́ [eko.]abatement [�be*tm�nt] odečetabatement [�be*tm�nt] zrušenı́ v: [prav.]abatement [�be*tm�nt] zmı́rněnı́abatement [�be*tm�nt] zastavenı́ v: [prav.]abatement [�be*tm�nt] úleva n:abatement [�be*tm�nt] srážka n:abatement [�be*tm�nt] snı́ženı́abatement [�be*tm�nt] sleva n: [fin.]abatement [�be*tm�nt] rabat n:abatement [�be*tm�nt] potı́ránı́ v:abatement of a nuisance potı́ránı́ zlořádů v:abatements [�be*tm�nts] zmı́rněnı́abatements [�be*tm�nts] povolenı́abatements [�be*tm�nts] zrušenı́abating [�be*t*8] polevujı́cı́abatis záseky n:, obranná překážka z poražených stromů se zao-

střenými větvemiabattoir jatkyabaxial nesouosý adj:abbacy opatstvı́ n:abbatial opatský adj:abbatial abatyšský adj:abbe [æbi:] abbéabbess abatyše n:abbey [æbi:] opatstvı́ n:abbey [æbi:] budova opatstvı́ n:abbeys budovy opatstvı́ n: pl.abbot [æb�t] opat n:abbots opati n: pl.Abbott [æb�t] Abbott n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́abbrevation zkratka n:, zkratka slovaabbrevation zkrácenı́ n:abbreviate [�bri:vi:e*t] zkrátit v:, zpravidla slovoabbreviate [�bri:vi:e*t] zkracovat v:abbreviate [�bri:vi:e*t] zestručnit v:abbreviated [�bri:vi:e*t�d] zkrácenýabbreviating zkracujı́cı́ adj:abbreviating zkracujı́c v:abbreviation [�bri:vi:e*M�n] zkrácenı́ n:abbreviation [�bri:vi:e*M�n] zkratka adv:abbreviations [�bri:vi:e*M�nz] zkratky n: pl.Abby [æbi:] Abby n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́, ženské křestnı́ jménoABC abecedaabc abecednı́ adj:ABC’s abecedaabcoulomb coulomb n:ABD All But Dissertation [zkr.]abdicate [æbd�ke*t] abdikovat v:abdicated [æbd�ke*t�d] abdikoval v:abdicated [æbd�ke*t�d] vzdal se funkceabdication [æbd*ke*M�n] abdikace n:abdication [æbd*ke*M�n] odstoupenı́ z funkce n:abdomen [æbdoVm�n] zadeček n:, část těla hmyzuabdomen [æbdoVm�n] břicho n:abdomens břicha n:abdominal [æbda:m�n�l] břišnı́ adj:abdominal [æbda:m�n�l] abdominálnı́abdominal aorta břišnı́ aorta n:abdominal cavity břišnı́ dutina n:abdominal delivery porod cı́sařským řezem [med.]abdominal muscle břišnı́ svaly n:abdominal wall břišnı́ stěna n:abdominous břichatý adj:ABDR Aircraft Battle Damage Repair [zkr.] [voj.]abduct unést v:, ”ženu, dı́tě”

abducted [æbdtkt*d] unesen v:abduction [æbdtkM�n] únos n:abductions [æbdtkM�nz] abdukce n: [med.]abductions [æbdtkM�nz] odtaženı́ n:abductions [æbdtkM�nz] upaženı́ n:abductor [�bdtkt�: r] únosce n:abductors [�bdtkt�: rz] únosci n: pl.abducts odtahovatabeam ze strany adv:abecedarian žák n:abecedarian začátečnı́k n:abecedarian abecednı́ adj:abed [�bed] v posteliabed [�bed] upoután na lůžkoAbel [e*b�l] Ábel n: [male] [jmén.] [náb.], Vlastnı́ jméno, bib-

lická postavaabele [�bi:l] topol bı́lýAbelian týkajı́cı́ se Ábela n:Abelian group abelovská grupaabelmosk ibišek n:Abelson [æb*ls�n] Abelson n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́abend [æbend] abnormálnı́ ukončenı́Aberdeen [æb�: rdi:n] AberdeenAberdeen [æb�: rdi:n] město - Velká Británie n: [jmén.]Abernathy [æb�: rnæSi:] Abernathy n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́aberrance vyšinutı́ n:aberrance odchylka n:aberrance deviace n:aberrancy poblouzněnı́ n:aberrancy odchylka n:aberrant [æber�nt] vyšinutý adj:aberrant [æber�nt] aberujı́cı́aberrant [æber�nt] nenormálnı́ adj:aberration [æb�: re*M�n] aberaceaberration [æb�: re*M�n] odchylkaaberration [æb�: re*M�n] úchylkaabet [�bet] ponoukat v:abet [�bet] navádět v:abetment ponoukánı́ n:abetment podněcovánı́ v:abetted [�bet*d] napomáhal v:abetter spoluvinı́k n:abetting [�bet*8] napomáhánı́abetting [�bet*8] navádějı́cı́ adj:abettor spoluvinı́k n:abettor podněcovatel n:abeyance [�be*�ns] latentnı́ stavabeyance [�be*�ns] nerozhodnutý stavabeyance [�be*�ns] pozastavenı́ n:abeyance [�be*�ns] suspenze n:abfarad absolutnı́ faradabhenry absolutnı́ henryabhor [æbh=r] ošklivit si v:abhor [æbh=r] děsit se v:, čehoabhorred [�bh=rd] ošklivil siabhorrence [�bh=r�ns] averze n:, k čemuabhorrence [�bh=r�ns] odpor n:, k čemuabhorrence [�bh=r�ns] zhnusenı́ n:, nad něčı́m; čı́mabhorrent [æbh=r�nt] odporný adj:abidance dodržovánı́abidance setrvávánı́ n:abide [�ba*d] snéstabide [�ba*d] vystát v:abide [�ba*d] vyčkat v:abide [�ba*d] dodržet v:abide [�ba*d] strpětabide [�ba*d] dodržovatabide [�ba*d] vydržetabide [�ba*d] snášetabide by respektovat v:abide by dodržovat v:abide by zůstat věrnýabide by řı́dit seabide by být věrnýabided [�ba*d*d] strpěl v:


A

abided – abort 6

abided [�ba*d*d] snesl v:abided [�ba*d*d] snášel v:abided [�ba*d*d] setrval v:abided [�ba*d*d] dodržoval v:abiding [�ba*d*8] nepomı́jejı́cı́ adj:abiding [�ba*d*8] trvalýAbidjan hl.m. - Pobřežı́ Slonoviny n: [jmén.]abient negativnı́ adj:Abigail [æb�ge*l] ženské křestnı́ jméno n: [female] [jmén.]Abilene [æb*li:n] město - Spojené státy americké n: [jmén.]abilities [�b*l�ti:z] schopnosti n: pl.ability [�b*l�ti:] dovednost n:ability [�b*l�ti:] zdatnost n:ability [�b*l�ti:] důvtipability [�b*l�ti:] zručnostability [�b*l�ti:] způsobilostability [�b*l�ti:] vlohy n:ability [�b*l�ti:] schopnost n:ability to schopen (něčeho) n:ability to damage plant schopnost poškodit rostlinu [eko.]ability to pay solventnost n:ability to pay platebnı́ schopnost n:ability to search host schopnost vyhledat hostitele [eko.]abiogenesis prvoplozenı́abiogenesis abiogenezeabiogenetic abiogenetický adj:abiogenic landscape abiogennı́ krajina [eko.]abioseston abioseston [eko.]abiotic environmental component abiotická složka prostředı́

[eko.]abiotic factor abiotický faktor [eko.]abiotrophy abiotrofie n:abject [æb�ekt] pokleslý adj:abject [æb�ekt] bı́dný adj:abject conditions bı́dné podmı́nkyabject despair nejhlubšı́ zoufalstvı́abject imitation otrocká napodobeninaabject imitation otrocká imitaceabject misery nejhoršı́ bı́daabjection degradace n:abjection skleslost n:abjection ponı́ženı́ n:abjectly bı́dně adv:abjectness zavrženı́hodnost n:abjuration odvolánı́abjure zřı́ct se v:abjure odpřisáhnout v:abjured odvolal v:abjured zřekl seAbkhazia Abcházie n:[female][zem.]Abkhazian abcházština n:ABL Airborne Laser [zkr.] [voj.]ablate odejmout v:ablated odstraněnýablated odřı́znutýablating odnı́mánı́ v:ablation odplavenı́ablation snesenı́ablation odnětı́ablation ablaceablative ablativ n:ablative absolute ablativ absolutnı́ [lingv.]ablaut ablautablaze [�ble*z] planoucı́ adj:ablaze [�ble*z] hořı́cı́ adj:able [e*b�l] zdatný adj:able [e*b�l] schopný adj:able [e*b�l] nadaný adj:able [e*b�l] dovedný adj:ABLE ACE Airborne Laser Extended Atmospheric Characteri-

zation Experiment [zkr.] [voj.]able seaman námořnı́k prvnı́ třı́dyable to compete konkurenceschopnýable to pay solventnı́able to work práceschopný

able-bodied tělesně schopnýable-bodied schopen [voj.]ablepharia ablefarie n:abler [e*b�l�: r] schopnějšı́ adj:ablest [e*b�lst] nejschopnějšı́ adj:ABLEX Airborne Laser Experiment [zkr.] [voj.]ablong podlouhlýabloom [�blu:m] kvéstablution mytı́ seablution umývánı́ably [e*bli:] dovedně adj:ABM protibalistická raketa n:, ”obranná raketa sestrojená pro

sestřelenı́ mezikontinentálnı́ balistické rakety”abnegate zřı́ct seabnegate vzdát seabnegate a right vzdát se právaabnegation zřeknutı́ se n:, názoru ap.Abner [æbn�: r] Abner n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́abnormal [æbn=rm�l] výjimečný adj:abnormal [æbn=rm�l] nezvyklý adj:abnormal [æbn=rm�l] abnormálnı́ adj:abnormal psychology psychopatologieabnormalities [æbn=rmæl�ti:z] odchylky n: pl.abnormality [æbn=rmæl�ti:] nenormálnost n:abnormality [æbn=rmæl�ti:] abnormálnost n:abnormality [æbn=rmæl�ti:] abnormalita n:abnormality [æbn=rmæl�ti:] odchylka n:abnormality [æbn=rmæl�ti:] vada n:abnormality [æbn=rmæl�ti:] nepravidelnost n:abnormally [æbn=rm�li:] abnormálně adj:abnormity abnormalita n:abo [a:boV] domorodec n:Abo [a:boV] Abo n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́aboard [�b=rd] ve vlakuaboard [�b=rd] v autobusuaboard [�b=rd] na palubu n:aboard [�b=rd] naloděnaboard [�b=rd] na palubě n:abode [�boVd] bydliště n:abohm absolutnı́ ohmabolish [�ba:l*M] odstranit v:abolish [�ba:l*M] anulovat v:abolish [�ba:l*M] zrušit v:, zákonemabolish measures odstranit opatřenı́abolish slavery zrušit otroctvı́ v:abolished [�ba:l*Mt] zrušený adj:abolishing [�ba:l*M*8] rušenı́ v:abolishment zrušenı́ v:abolition [æb�l*M�n] zrušenı́abolitionist [æb�l*M�n�st] abolicionista n:abominable [�ba:m�n�baxl] odporný adj:abominable [�ba:m�n�baxl] hnusný adj:abominable [�ba:m�n�baxl] ohavný adj:abominably ohavně adv:abominably odporně adv:abominate ošklivit si v:abominate hnusit v:abominate děsit se v:, čehoabomination [�ba:m�ne*M�n] sprostota n:abomination [�ba:m�ne*M�n] ohavnost n:abomination [�ba:m�ne*M�n] hnus n:aboriginal [æb�: r*��n�l] prapůvodnı́ adj:aboriginal [æb�: r*��n�l] domorodý adj:Aborigine [æb�: r*��ni:] původnı́ Australan n:aborigine [æb�: r*��ni:] domorodec n:aborigines [æb�: r*��ni:z] domorodci n:aborning při zrozenı́ adv:aborning při porodu adv:aborning rodı́cı́ seabort [�b=rt] přerušitabort [�b=rt] zrušitabort [�b=rt] zmařitabort [�b=rt] překazit v:abort [�b=rt] selhat v:abort [�b=rt] potratit v:


7 abort – abrupt

Aabort [�b=rt] nezdařit se v:aborted [�b=rt�d] zrušený adj:aborticide zabitı́ ploduaborting [�b=rt*8] rušenı́abortion [�b=rM�n] přerušenı́ n:abortion [�b=rM�n] interrupce n:abortion [�b=rM�n] interupčnı́ n:abortion [�b=rM�n] potrat n:abortionist [�b=rM�n*st] doktor provádějı́cı́ potrat n:abortions [�b=rM�nz] potraty n: pl.abortive [�b=rt*v] nezdařený adj: [obec.] 6 6, an ∼ attempt =

nezdařený pokusabortive [�b=rt*v] neúspěšný adj: [obec.], an ∼ attempt = neú-

spěšný pokusabortive attempt nezdařený pokusabortive birth předčasný porodaborts rušı́ v:abortus potrat n:Abos australštı́ domorodciabound [�baVnd] překypovat v:abound [�baVnd] přetékat v:abound [�baVnd] oplývat v:abound [�baVnd] hojně se vyskytovat v:about [�baVt] kvůliabout [�baVt] aktivnı́about [�baVt] v čemabout [�baVt] být připravenýabout [�baVt] u sebeabout [�baVt] uabout [�baVt] skoroabout [�baVt] stran čehoabout [�baVt] sem tamabout [�baVt] poabout [�baVt] přibližněabout [�baVt] o čemabout [�baVt] okoloabout [�baVt] kolemabout [�baVt] oabout [�baVt] dokolaabout [�baVt] asiabout face čelem vzadabout him o němabout him na něhoabout time načase, užı́váno ve zpojenı́ it’s about time - už bylo

načaseabout us o násabove [�btv] výše uvedenýabove [�btv] shora uvedenýabove [�btv] výšeabove [�btv] nadeabove [�btv] shoraabove [�btv] nahořeabove [�btv] nahoruabove [�btv] nadabove all předevšı́mabove and beyond the call of duty vı́ce než je očekávánoabove board čestný [brit.]above me na mě moc [id.], it is above me - na to nestačı́mabove one’s means nad poměry [id.], o životnı́ úrovniabove par nad průměremabove par nad paritouabove par nad pariabove standard nadprůměrnýabove the law nepodléhajı́cı́ zákonůmabove understanding mimo chápánı́ [id.], it is above understan-

ding - vymyká se to všemu chápánı́above-board poctivý adj:above-board poctivěabove-board čestněabove-board bezelstněabove-mentioned dřı́ve zmı́něnýaboveboard [�btvb=rd] otevřený adj:aboveboard [�btvb=rd] otevřeně adv:aboveboard [�btvb=rd] poctivě adv:aboveground nadzemnı́ adj:

aboveground nuclear testing nadzemnı́ nukleárnı́ testovánı́abovementioned dřı́ve zmı́něný adj:ABR Aero-Ballistic Rocket [zkr.] [voj.]abracadabra [æbr�k�dæbr�] čárymáryabrade obrousit v:abrade opotřebit v:abraded opotřebený adj:abrading brusný adj:Abraham [e*br�hæm] Abraham n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́Abram [�bræm] Abram n: [jmén.] [bibl.]Abrams [e*br�mz] Abrams n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́Abramson [e*br�ms�n] Abramson n: [jmén.], přı́jmenı́abrasion [�bre*`�n] abraze n:abrasion [�bre*`�n] odřenina n:abrasion [�bre*`�n] otěr n: [tech.]abrasion [�bre*`�n] oděrka n:abrasion [�bre*`�n] obrušovánı́ n:abrasion belt brusný pás [tech.]abrasion dust brusný prach [tech.]abrasion polishing leštěnı́ broušenı́mabrasion resistance pevnost v oděru [tech.]abrasion test zkouška na otěr [tech.]abrasions oděrky n: pl.abrasive [�bre*s*v] brusný adj:abrasive [�bre*s*v] brusivo n:abrasive [�bre*s*v] brousı́cı́ v:abrasive band brusný pás n:abrasive belt brusný pás n:abrasive cloth brusné plátno n:abrasive disk brusný kotouč n:abrasive grain brusné zrno n:abrasive mark stopa po brusivu n:abrasive material brusný materiál n:abrasive paper papı́r brusný n:abrasive powder brusný prášek n:abrasive quality brusivost n:abrasive segment brusný segment n:abrasively hrubě adv:abrasively brusně adv:abrasiveness obrusnost n:abrasiveness hrubost n:abrasiveness drsnost n:abrasiveness abrazivnost n:abreact odreagovat v:abreaction odreagovánı́ n:abreast [�br

a b gnu/fdl c d e slovnı´k f anglicko · 2021. 1. 3. · a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t...

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