a 4152 telecommunications network (1)

8/7/2019 A 4152 Telecommunications Network (1)

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Module V

Telecommunications network

A telecommunications network is a collection of terminals, links and nodes which connect together

to enable telecommunication between users of the terminals. Networks may use circuit switching or

message switching. Each terminal in the network must have a unique address so messages or

connections can be routed to the correct recipients. The collection of addresses in the network iscalled the address space.

The links connect the nodes together and are themselves built upon an underlying transmission

network which physically pushes the message across the link.

Examples of telecommunications networks are:

computer networks the Internet

the telephone network

the global Telex network

the aeronautical ACARS network

Telecommunication Network architecture

Consists of five basic components

Terminals

Any input/output device that uses telecommunication networks

to transmit or receive data

Telecommunication processors

Support data transmission and reception between terminals andcomputers

Telecommunications channels

The medium over which data are transmitted and received

Computers

Interconnected by telecommunications networks

Telecommunications control software


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Control telecommunications activities & manage the functions

of telecommunications networks

TMN: Telecommunications Management Network Model

The Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) model was introduced by ITU-TRecommendation M.3000 in 1985 as a reference model for the Operation Support System (OSS) of

telecommunications service providers. The TMN concept is an architectural framework for theinterconnection of different types of OSS components and network elements. TMN also describes

the standardized interfaces and protocols used for the exchange of information between OSS

components and network elements, and the total functionality needed for network management.

The TMN model composes of the following four layers:

Business management layer: performs functions related to business aspects, analyzes trendsand quality issues, for example, or to provide a basis for billing and other financial reports.

Service management layer: performs functions for the handling of services in the network:definition, administration and charging of services

Network management layer: performs functions for distribution of network resources:

configuration, control and supervision of the network

Element management layer: contains functions for the handling of individual networkelements. This includes alarm management, handling of information, backup, logging, and

maintenance of hardware

At each layer in the TMN model, five functional areas called FCAPS are defined:

Fault management: Fault recognition, isolation, reporting and recording.

Accounting management: Collection, buffering and delivery of payment and accounting

information.

Configuration management: Installation of network equipment, setting of states and

parameters, configuration of network capacity.

Performance management: Collection, buffering and delivery of operating statistics for

network optimization and capacity planning.

Security management: Administration of authorization functions; handling of simultaneoususe of an OSS, protection against intrusion from un-authorized users.

The above five functional areas form the basis of all network management systems for both

data and tele-communications. The mapping between the TMN and FCAPS is shown below:

FCAPS Fault Configuration Accounting Performance Security

TMN

Business Management No No Yes Yes Yes

Service Management Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Network Management Yes Yes No Yes Yes

Element Management Yes Yes No Yes Yes


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The TeleManagement Forum is working on a newer model to replace the aging TMN. This new

model is called TOM (Telecoms Operations Map) or eTOM (enhanced Telecom Operations

Map).

Mapping between TMN reference model and the FCAPS:

Mapping between TMN reference model and the FCAPS

Types of Telecommunications Networks

1. Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Cover a large geographic area.2. Local Area Networks (LAN)

Connect computers & other information processing devices within a limited

physical area.

Connected via ordinary telephone wiring, coaxial cable, or wireless radio &

infrared systems of Telecommunications Networks

3. Virtual Private Networks

A secure network that uses the Internet as its main backbone network, but relies

on fire walls and other security features


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4. Client/Server Networks

Clients end user PCs or NCs

Server helps with application processing and also manages the network


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5. Network computing

the network is the computer

Thin clients process small application programs called applets.

6. Peer-to-Peer (P2P)

Two major modelso Central server architecture

o Pure peer-to-peer


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a 4152 telecommunications network (1)

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