9.3 Political Parties Emerge

9.3 Political Parties Emerge

Guiding Questions….Guiding Questions….

Why did many Americans distrust the idea of political parties?

How did the views of Hamilton and Jefferson differ?

Why did many Americans distrust the idea of political parties?

How did the views of Hamilton and Jefferson differ?

Guiding Questions….Guiding Questions….

Why did political parties develop?

How did the election of 1796 increase political tensions?

Why did political parties develop?

How did the election of 1796 increase political tensions?

Distrust of Political Parties

Distrust of Political Parties

Americans had seen how factions, or opposing groups within parties, worked in Britain. Members of factions were often more interested in personal gain than in public good.

Americans had seen how factions, or opposing groups within parties, worked in Britain. Members of factions were often more interested in personal gain than in public good.

Distrust of Political Parties

Distrust of Political Parties

Political parties could be a threat to national unity. They could lead to “jealousies and false alarms.”

Political parties could be a threat to national unity. They could lead to “jealousies and false alarms.”

Different Views ofHamilton and JeffersonDifferent Views of

Hamilton and Jefferson

Issue: Manufacturing or FarmingIssue: Manufacturing or Farming

Hamilton: Thought the government should encourage manufacturing and trade. Favored cities and merchants.

Hamilton: Thought the government should encourage manufacturing and trade. Favored cities and merchants.

Issue: Manufacturing or FarmingIssue: Manufacturing or Farming

Jefferson: Thought farmers were the

backbone of the nation. Feared manufacturing would concentrate power in the hands of a few wealthy Americans.

Jefferson: Thought farmers were the

backbone of the nation. Feared manufacturing would concentrate power in the hands of a few wealthy Americans.

Issue: Federal or State powerIssue: Federal or State power

Hamilton: Federal government should

have greater power than state governments. A strong federal government would increase commerce and keep the peace.

Hamilton: Federal government should

have greater power than state governments. A strong federal government would increase commerce and keep the peace.

Issue: Federal or State powerIssue: Federal or State power

Jefferson: A small federal government

would protect individual freedom. A strong federal government might take over powers the Constitution gave to the states.

Jefferson: A small federal government

would protect individual freedom. A strong federal government might take over powers the Constitution gave to the states.

Issue: Interpretation of the U.S. ConstitutionIssue: Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution

Hamilton: Preferred a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Believed the Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its duties. The Bank of the United States was necessary.

Hamilton: Preferred a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Believed the Constitution gave Congress the power to make all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out its duties. The Bank of the United States was necessary.

Issue: Interpretation of the U.S. ConstitutionIssue: Interpretation of the U.S. Constitution

Jefferson: Preferred a strict interpretation. Any power not specifically given to the federal government belonged to the states. The Bank of the United States was unconstitutional, or not permitted by the Constitution.

Jefferson: Preferred a strict interpretation. Any power not specifically given to the federal government belonged to the states. The Bank of the United States was unconstitutional, or not permitted by the Constitution.

Why Political Parties Developed

Why Political Parties Developed

Hamilton and Jefferson clashed in private.

Jefferson and James Madison decided to organize the supporters of their views. They met with leading New York politicians.

Hamilton and Jefferson clashed in private.

Jefferson and James Madison decided to organize the supporters of their views. They met with leading New York politicians.

Why Political Parties Developed

Why Political Parties Developed

Leaders in other states organized to support either Hamilton or Jefferson. Jefferson’s supporters called themselves Democratic Republicans. Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists.

Newspapers began to take sides.

Leaders in other states organized to support either Hamilton or Jefferson. Jefferson’s supporters called themselves Democratic Republicans. Hamilton’s supporters were called Federalists.

Newspapers began to take sides.

Federalists Republicansvs.

• Were led by Alexander Hamilton

• Believed wealthy and well educated should lead nation

• Favored strong central government

• Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade

• Favored loose interpretation of Constitution

• Were pro-British• Favored national bank• Favored protective tariff

• Were led by Thomas Jefferson

• Believed people should have political power

• Favored strong state governments

• Emphasized agriculture• Favored strict interpretation

of Constitution• Were pro-French• Opposed national bank• Opposed protective tariff

Election of 1796Election of 1796

Republican Candidates:

•Thomas Jefferson for President

•Aaron Burr for Vice President

Election of 1796Election of 1796

Federalists Candidates:

• John Adams for President

• Thomas Pinckney for Vice President

Federalists Candidates:

• John Adams for President

• Thomas Pinckney for Vice President