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© New Zealand Qualifications Authority, 2016. All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without the prior permission of the New Zealand Qualifications Authority.

Level 2 Agricultural and Horticultural Science, 201691297 Demonstrate understanding of land use for primary

production in New Zealand

2.00 p.m. Monday 14 November 2016 Credits: Four

Achievement Achievement with Merit Achievement with ExcellenceDemonstrate understanding of land use for primary production in New Zealand.

Demonstrate in-depth understanding of land use for primary production in New Zealand.

Demonstrate comprehensive understanding of land use for primary production in New Zealand.

Check that the National Student Number (NSN) on your admission slip is the same as the number at the top of this page.

You should attempt ALL the questions in this booklet.

If you need more room for any answer, use the extra space provided at the back of this booklet.

Check that this booklet has pages 2–8 in the correct order and that none of these pages is blank.

YOU MUST HAND THIS BOOKLET TO THE SUPERVISOR AT THE END OF THE EXAMINATION.

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TOTAL

Merit

16

2

QUESTION ONE: HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION

Horticultural land use changes to reflect variations in consumer demand. Some of the changes in land use between 1994 and 2014 are shown in the table below.

Hectares under cultivation in New Zealand at 30 June

Product 1994 2005 2014

Apples 15257 1 0982 8417 Kiwifruit 12174 12 071 12081 Wine grapes 7160 24793 33761

Source (extract): Statistics New Zealand

Refer to the table and land use factors such as economic, environmental, technological, social, political, and workforce considerations to answer (a) and (b).

(a) In 2014, New Zealand produced its highest everyield per hectare of apples, despite the areaof lari_cJ.lD.il.2flL'?11[9_9UCtion being thesnialfest in 20 years. . .. - .. -�- . ·--� .... -.. ...;._\-.----·--"- --�·-·--·-·-·--··'"""·--------" -

9"*plain in detail TWO factors that may have led to this change in land use.

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(b) Justify traditional, current, and likely future horticultural land use in New Zealand.

In your answer, refer to the table and the land use factors on page 2, to:

explain changes in land use between 1994 and 2014

explain, in detail, what this might mean for current land use

predict how this information might affect future land use.

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QUESTION TWO: LAND USE CONFLICTS

Horticulture New Zealand is calling for protection of land classified as highly productive: "Only 5% of New Zealand soils fall into this category," it says, but 1.8% of this has been lost to less productive uses in the last 10 years. "If councils had any regard for the special

characteristics of high production land they would then look at the effects of siting new housing developments there."

Source (adapted): NZ Grower, 2015, Vol 70, No 6, p.13.

Councils need to consider the economic, environmental, and social effects when siting new housing developments on highly productive land.

Discuss the implications for land use if councils do not consider these effects.

In your answer, using TWO land use factors:

explain why there is a conflict between horticultural land use and residential USE;)

explain, in detail, how traditional land use has influenced the tension seen in current land use

compare and contrast the implications if a council does not consider highly productive land when changing horticultural land use to residential land use.

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QUESTION THREE: EL NINO

New Zealand is often affected by the El Nino weather pattern, which can lead to drought. El Nino is a set of warm conditions in the central Pacific that bring dry weather to the east of New Zealand and rain to the west, affecting agricultural and horticultural production. The NZ Institute of Economic Research (NZIER) said: The 2015-2016 summer El Nino would not be enough to tip the country into a recession, as was the case in the past El Nino in the 1997-1998 summer. Source (adapted): New Zealand Herald, 22 September 2015: article by Jamie Gray.

Source: http://www.stuff.co.nzlbusiness/farming/sheep/67324546/ sheep-and-beef-are-doing-it-tough-in-drought

Justify, with reference to traditional and current land use, why NZIER made the above statement. Take into account land use factors such as economic, environmental, technological, social, political, and workforce considerations. In your answer, explain in detail, using TWO land use factors:

how traditional land use in 1997-1998 may have been affected by the El Nino weather pattern

• / how current land use may not be as significantly affected by El Nino.

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Annotations Merit Exemplar 2016

Subject: Agricultural and Horticultural Science

Standard: 91297 Total score: 16

Q Grade score Annotation

1 5

a) The candidate gives examples of the technology used to increase apple yields and describes how they are used.

b) The candidate includes a brief comment regarding the effect of increased demand on financial returns.

2 5 The candidate fully discusses the effect on the horticultural industry of land lost to residential purposes. They make a broad recommendation without any specific examples for future action by the government.

3 6 The candidate compares technology available in 1997-1998 against that available in 2015-2016. They are also able to discuss the effects on both dry stock and the dairy industries.