9080426512 muscle

MYOFASCIAL MUSCLE CHAINS

PETER D.M. JONCKHEERE, Physical therapy, Principal Teacher Myofascial Therapy, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected].

JAN A.J. PATTYN, Physical therapy, Teacher Myofa sci a I Therapy, Belgium.

Objectives: To present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region in function of their focus and radiation. With this survey the myofascial muscle chains can be consulted instantly.

Methods: In function of the myofascial pain regions, per muscle, painfocus and radiation pain have been visually presented on the computer, based upon data out of the international myofascial literature. Out of these findings, for each myofascial region, primary (muscles that give focal pain) and secondary (muscles that give radiation pain) myofascial muscle chains were determined and charted.

Results:

1. Classification of the muscles divided into 61 pain regions according to focality and radiation.

2. Classification of the associated chains in dysfunction according to pain region.

3. Classification of the development of myofascial muscle chains departing from a well-defined muscle.

4. Classification of the myofascial muscle chains where a well-defined muscle occurs in the muscle chain of another muscle.

Conclusions: The examiner or therapist can easily trace the myofascial dysfunctions with the help of a compact reference book (practical workbook). The progress of pain can be explained by the development of the myofascial

- muscle chains and so there is a point of application to dissolve myofascial dysfunctions efficiently by means of these causal muscle chains.

ISBN: 90-804265-1-2

FRONT

23

P.

Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw ...... .. . .. .. ... ... ..... .. 12 Face - Lower Cheek & Jaw .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . . 13 Eye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Ear - TMJ . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . .. . . . ... . .. . . .. .. 15 Teeth . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . ..... . . . . . . ... . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .... 16 Throat . . . .. . . .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . ... ... .... . . . .. ... . . .. .. . ..... .... 17 Head - Frontal . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Head - Temporal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . 21 Head - Vertex .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . 23 Shoulder Anterior ......................................... .40 Shoulder Lateral. .......................................... .46 Upperarm Anterior . . . . . . . ...... .... . . . .. .. . . . . .. . ........ . . 49 Upperarm Lateral .......................................... 53 Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis ....................... 54 Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis ....................... 56 Elbow - Antecubital ....................................... 58 Forearm - Volar ............................................. 59 Forearm - Radial . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ......... .. . . . . . .. .... ....... 61 Forearm - Ulnar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Hand - Wrist - Radial . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . ...... ... . 66 Hand - Volar side & Wrist ............................. 69 Hand - Wrist - Ulnar ...................................... 71 Fingers Volar . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . . ...... . 75

89 Chest - Front .. .. . . . . . . . . . .. ... . ... . .... . ....... . .. . ... ... ... . 76 Chest _ Side . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . ... ...... ... . 78 Abdomen ....................................................... 79 Groin ............................................................. 83 Hip - Anterior ................................................. 85 Thigh - Medial ............................................... 89 Thigh - Anterior ................................... : ......... 90 Thigh - Lateral. .............................................. 94 Knee - Anterior .............................................. 97 Knee - Medial. . .. . . . . . . . . ... .... .. .............. . ..... .. . . ... 99 Knee - Lateral ............................................. 1 00 Leg - Anterior (shank) ................................. 101 Leg - Lateral. ............................................... 1 04 Leg - Medial ................................................ 1 05

107 Ankle - Malleolus Externus ......................... 106 Ankle - Malleolus Internus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . ... . 107 Foot - Dorsal ............................................... 11 0

BACK

23

P.

Ear - TMJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Head - Occipital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Head - Vertex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Neck - Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Back - Upper-Thoracic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Back - Mid-Thoracic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Back - Low-Thoracic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Back - Lumbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Back - Sacral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Back - SIJ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Back - Coccyx . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Shoulder Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Shoulder Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Upperarm Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Upperarm Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Elbow - Olecranon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Forearm - Dorsal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Forearm - Radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Forearm - Ulnar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Hand - Dorsal side & Wrist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Hand - Wrist - Radial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 73 Hand - Wrist - Ulnar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Fingers Dorsal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Chest - Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Buttock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 Hip - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Thigh - Medial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Thigh - Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Thigh - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Knee - Posterior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 Knee - Medial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99 Knee - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 Leg - Posterior (calf) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102 Leg - Lateral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 04 Leg - Medial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 05 Ankle - Malleolus Externus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Foot - Plantar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 08

Peter Jonckheere

Jan Pattyn


Trigger vzw

Title: "Myofascial Muscle Chains"

Authors: Peter D.M. Jonckheere Jan A.J. Pattyn

Cover: Ignace Pattyn

Translation: Kathelijne Decloedt

Copyright © 1998 Trigger vzw Weidestraat 234 8310 Brugge Belgium

All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copywright owner.

Printed in Belgium - All rights reserved.

ISBN 90-804265-1-2

979287

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Index

Introduction 1

Chapter 1 : Practical Working Method 2

Procedure chapter 4 : muscle chains according to their pain region 2 Procedure chapter 5 : the muscle chains of each particular muscle 4

Chapter 2 : Definitions 7

Myofascial Muscle Chains 7 Trigger Point 8

Chapter 3 : Algometrics 9

Purpose 9 Myofascial Pain Index (MPI) 9

Myofascial Dysfunctions 10 Conclusions 10

Chapter 4 : Myofascial Chains in function of the 11

pain region

Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw 12 Face - Lower Cheek & Jaw 13

Eye 14 Ear - TMJ 15

Teeth 16 Throat 17

Head - Frontal 18 Head - Occipital 19

Head - Temporal 21 Head - Vertex 23

Neck - Posterior 24 Back - Upper-Thoracic 25

Back - Mid-Thoracic 27 Back - Low-Thoracic 30

Back - Lumbar 31 Back - Sacral 34

Back - SIJ 37

Back - Coccyx 39 Shoulder - Anterior 40

Shoulder - Posterior 43 Shoulder - Lateral 46

Upperarm - Anterior 49 Upperarm - Posterior 51

Upperarm - Lateral 53 Elbow - Epicondylus Lateralis 54 Elbow - Epicondylus Medialis 56

Elbow - Olecranon 57 Elbow - Antecubital 58

Forearm - Volar 59 Forearm - Dorsal 60 Forearm - Radial 61

Forearm - Ulnar 62 Hand Dorsal Side & Wrist 63

Hand - Wrist - Radial 66 Hand Volar Side & Wrist 69

Hand - Wrist - Ulnar 71 Fingers - Dorsal 73

Fingers - Volar 75 Chest - Front 76 Chest - Side 78

Abdomen 79 Buttock 80

Groin 83 Hip - Anterior 85

Hip - Lateral 87 Thigh - Medial 89

Thigh - Anterior 90 Thigh - Posterior 92

Thigh - Lateral 94 Knee - Posterior 95

Knee - Anterior 97 Knee - Medial 99 Knee - Lateral 100

Leg - Anterior (shank) 101 Leg - Posterior (calf) 102

Leg - Lateral 104 Leg - Medial 105

Ankle - Malleolus Externus 106 Ankle - Malleolus Internus 107

Foot - Plantar 108 Foot - Dorsal 110

Chapter 5 : Myofascial Muscle Chains per muscle 112

Abductor Digiti Minimi (fingers) 113 Abductor Hallucis 114

Adductor Brevis 115 Adductor Hallucis 118

Adductor Longus 119 Adductor Magnus 122

Adductor Pollicis 124 Anconeus 125

Biceps Brachii 126 Biceps Femoris 128

Brachialis 130 Brachioradialis 132

Coccygeus 134 Coracobrachialis 135

Deltoideus 137 Digastricus 140

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis 141 Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus 143

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris 146 Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) 147

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) 149 Extensor Digitorum Brevis 151

Extensor Digitorum Longus 152 Extensor Hallucis Brevis 154

Extensor Hallucis Longus 155 Extensor Indicis 157

Flexor carpi Radialis 158 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris 160

Flexor Digitorum Brevis 161 Flexor Digitorum Longus 162

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus 164 Flexor Hallucis Brevis 165

Flexor Hallucis Longus 166 Flexor Pollicis Longus 167

Gastrocnemius 168 Gluteus Maximus 170

Gluteus Medius 172 Gluteus Minimus 175

Gracilis 178 Iliocostalis Lumborum 179

Iliocostalis Thoracis 181 Iliopsoas 183

Infraspinatus 185 Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (fingers) 188

Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes) 190 Latissimus Dorsi 191

Levator Ani 194 Levator Scapulae 195

Longissimus Thoracis 196 Masseter 199

Multifidus (neck) 201 Multifidus (back) 202

Obliquus Externus Abdominis 204 Obturatorius Internus 205

Occipitofrontalis 206 Opponens Pollicis 207

Orbicularis Oculi 208

Palmaris Longus 209 Pectineus 210

Pectoralis Major 212 Pectoralis Minor 215

Peroneus Brevis 217 Peroneus Longus 218 Peroneus Tertius 220

Piriformis 221 Plantaris 223

Popliteus 224 Pronator Teres 225

Pterygoideus Lateralis 226 Pterygoideus Medialis 227 Quadratus Lumborum 228

Quadratus Plantae 231 Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris 232

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius 234 Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis 235 Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis 237

Rectus Abdominus 240 Rhomboideus Major 242 Rhomboideus Minor 243

Sartorius 244 Scalenus 246

Semimembranosus 249 Semispinalis Capitis 251

Semispinalis Cervicis 252 Semitendinosus 253

Serratus Anterior 255 Serratus Posterior Inferior 256

Serratus Posterior Superior 257 Soleus 258

Splenius Capitis 260 Splenius Cervicis 261

Sternalis 263 Sternocleidomastoideus 264

Suboccipitale 267 Subscapularis 268

Supinator 270 Supraspinatus 272

Temporalis 275 Tensor Fasciae Latae . 277

Teres Major 278 Teres Minor 280

Tibialis Anterior 282 Tibialis Posterior 283

Trapezius 284 Triceps Brachii 287

Foreword

For the therapist who has to deal with a pain problem of the locomotor system there is an enormous amount of information available. Along with the "classical" orthopaedic approach, the manual, osteopathic or chiropractical vision, the electromagnetical therapies a.o. acupuncture etc., the Myofascial approach gains more and more importance. For a great number of therapists, Myofascial Therapy is the ideal completion of their other techniques. This new book: "Myofascial Muscle Chains" is to be situated within the Myofascial Therapy.

With impatience we have been looking forward to this book. It really fills up a gap in which the myofascial pain therapist will find practical information which cannot be found anywhere at the moment.

How did this book come into existence? Why throw a book about Muscle Chains and more specifically Myofascial Muscle Chains on the market?

The deeper roots of "Myofascial Muscle Chains" can naturally be found in the splendid basic work written by Travell and Simons: Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The Trigger Point Manual I and II. In this systematic work, Travell and Simons make mention of the fact that each particular muscle has associated muscles. When active trigger points are found in one particular muscle, Travell discovered on a clinical basis that there are permanent connections between this muscle and other muscles. In practice this means that, when dealing with a pain problem, one muscle is found to be prominent, the associated muscles have to be checked and treated as well.

Peter Jonckheere is the principal teacher of the highly qualified course of "Myofascial Therapy" at the Jing Ming School in Flanders, Belgium. On the basis of his clinical practice and his intrrest in computer programs he went in search of systems among these associated muscles and created the concept "Myofascial Muscle Chains" in the early 90ties. With the help of his own ingeniously built-up schedule of muscles and the year-long clinical testing and debating with his students, this basic concept was gradually turned into what is lying now in front of you: a very handy workbook about clinically relevant links between muscles and their pain patterns.

The manual is divided into 2 chapters:

In the first chapter the therapist can start from the PAIN REGION. For this region all prominent muscles are presented into a schedule, together with their associative chains. (The definitions of these chains can be found in an introductory chapter). In this way the therapist immediately knows which main muscles he is dealing with.

In the second chapter the therapist can start from a MUSCLE. Which chains start from this muscle and which chains this muscle forms a part of? In that way surprising links between muscles of the same region occur. Links can also be made with more distant muscles. This knowledge can help the treatment spectacularly. The neurological segment per muscle is also mentioned: in that way the link between the relevant muscle chains and potenially primary dysfunctions in the vertebral column can be put more easily.

Both authors are teachers at the Jing Ming School for "Myofascial Therapy" in Belgium. Peter Jonckheere works as a physiotherapist in Bruges, is a pioneer of the Myofascial Therapy in Flanders, Belgium. He started the above training from scratch and is author of some basic works on MT.: 'Spieren en Dysfuncties, Trigger Punten, Basisprincipes van de Myofasciale Therapie', Publ. SATAS and 'Pijn, u kunt er iets aan doen', Publ. SAT AS. Peter is vice-president of the Myofascial Therapists' Association and editor of "Trigger Nieuws", the three-monthly magazine about MT.

Jan Pattyn works as a physiotherapist in Torhout, attended the training as a student of Peter's and some years ago he was qualified as a fellow-teacher. His enthusiasm and dynamism formed the start of their co-operation which resulted in the publishing of this manual in less than 1 year.

As president of 'Trigger", ex-student and fellow teacher of the training and dedicated user and defender of the MT., I am convinced this manual is indispensable in the library of every pain therapist. Moreover, it deserves a place, within reach, to be consulted easily, between two palpations or function tests, which, sadly enough, can not be said of a lot of manuals.

Kris Demanet, M.D. Sports Medicine Private Practice Torhout, Belgium.

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Introduction

Objectives

To present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region in function of their focus and radiation. With this survey the myofascial muscle chains can be consulted instantly.

Methods

In function of the myofascial pain regions, per muscle, painfocus and radiation pain have been visually presented on the computer, based upon data out of the international myofascial literature. Out of these findings, for each myofascial region, primary (muscles that give focal pain) and secondary (muscles that give radiation pain) myofascial muscle chains were determined and charted.

Results

1. Classification of the muscles divided into 61 pain regions according to focality and radiation.

2. Classification of the associated chains in dysfunction according to pain region.

3. Classification of the development of myofascial muscle chains departing from a well-defined muscle.

4. Classification of the myofascial muscle chains where a well-defined muscle occurs in the muscle chain of another muscle.

Conclusions

The examiner or therapist can easily trace the myofascial dysfunctions with the help of a compact reference book (practical workbook). The progress of pain can be explained by the development of the myofascial muscle chains and so there is a point of application to dissolve myofascial dysfunctions efficiently by means of these causal muscle chains.

Chapter 1

Practical working-method

Myofascial therapy treats, by means of trigger points, pains that are caused by the malfunctioning of muscles.

The purpose of this work is to present a handy survey of the myofascial classification of the muscles according to their pain region, in function of focus and radiation. This survey enables the user to consult the myofascial muscle chains instantly.

Procedure chapter 4 muscle chains according to their pain region

PURPOSE: searching the main muscles starting from the pain region indicated by the patient.

We argue horizontally.

How do we determine which muscles are responsable for pain in a certain region? We start from a specific pain region, indicated by the patient

Per pain region you get a survey of the primary and secondary muscle chains

• primary m uscle chain = minimum 3 muscles that cause focal pain. • secondary m uscle chain = minimum 3 that cause referred pain.

e.g. patient complains of pain in the neck.

pain focus referred pain Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Infraspinatus (Upper 2TPs) Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Multifidus (neck) Suboccipital Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)

Out of this schedule we immediately read there are 4 muscles that cause focal pain in the neck. By means of algometries (see chapter 2) we can determine which of these muscles contain an active trigger point.

active TP = TP that provokes the recognizable pain when palpated.

2

An association muscle chain can start from each muscle with an active TP out of the primary muscle chain.

• association m uscle chain = a muscle chain that only consists of muscles that from their muscle in dysfunction develop TPs in associated muscles.

Example 1 : our patient with pain in the neck shows an active TP in the M. Multifidus

Multifidus Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervi cis

This schedule shows that the M.Multifidus has 5 associative muscles.

Which of these 5 associative muscles also cause focal or referred pain?

Multifidus(neck)

In our example the 2 above-mentioned muscles are the only ones that cause focal pain in the neck. We speak of a primary association chain. We neglect the M.Sternocieidomastoideus because this muscle only causes radiation pain for the neck and therefore cannot be fitted into the primary association chain. In this book we only sum up the sheer primary and secondary association chains in function of each pain region.

Example 2 : our patient with pain in the neck shows an active TP in the M. Splenius Cervicus.

Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Suboccipital

This schedule shows the M. Splenius Cervicus contains 4 associative muscles.

Which of these 4 associative muscles also cause focal or radiation pain?

Splenius Cervicis

3

Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)

In our example only the 2 above-mentioned muscles. Since both cause merely radiation pain, we can speak of a secondary association chain. For the same reason the M. Trapezius does not belong here.

In this chapter we have determined which muscles are myofascially involved in a certain pain region . When we want to go further into this matter, we consult chapter 5 : the muscle chains of each particular muscle. In that way we can put the links to other pain regions.

procedure Chapter 5 the muscle chains of each particular muscle

PURPOSE: Finding the links (possibly to other pain regions) starting from the muscle that is already defined.

The working-method is vertical.

We start from a muscle in dysfunction , as defined in chapter 3.

e.g. a dysfunction of the M. Trapezius.

Chains starting from the Trapezius

We give a catalogue of the muscles associated with the M. Trapezius.

associated muscles (according to Travell &

Simons)

Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis

We now give a catalogue of the primary and secondary asociative chains starting from the M. Trapezius in function of the different pain regions.

Primary associated chains

head - lateral Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis

neck - posterior Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral, TP 1 ,2,3)

etc.

4

Secundary associated chains

head - occipital Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis

shoulder - posterior Levator Scapulae Scalenus

Chains in which Trapezius is involved

Dealing with a chronological complaint in which different pain regions are involved, you don't always find the solution to the problem, because already several muscle chains have developed and succeeded one another. To go back to the initial muscle chain we have to proceed in a reversed order . We can do this by looking in which chain of another muscle the Trapezius occurs.

The scheme below shows the muscle of which the Trapezius is an associative muscle.

associated muscles (according to Travell &

Simons)

Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervi cis Splenius Capitis Biceps Brachii

We schedule all the different associative chains which the M. Trapezius occurs in.We make three columns. Firstly, the muscle out of which the associative chain starts. In the second column, the likely involved pain region and in the third column the actual associative chain which the M. Trapezius occurs in.


... Levator Scapulae

Trapezius neck - Trapezius posterior (contralateral,

TP1,2,3) Semispinalis

Suboccipital head-lateral Capitis Sternocleidomastoi-deus (Sternal) Trapezius (TP1)

.. .

5


... Rhomboideus back - Trapezius Minor mid - thoracic Levator Scapulae

Splenius Cervi cis Sternocleidom Temporalis astoideus head - Trapezius

occipital (TP 1 ,2,3) ...

6

Chapter 2

Definitions

Myofascia/ Muscle Chains

Conditions:

• the presence of at least 3 muscles • the presence of at least 1 TP per muscle involved • the presence of at least 1 active TP in the chain

Kinds:

Direct myofasciaJ muscle chain

Collection of muscles that, in dysfunction,can cause pain, for a well-defined region.

Primary direct myofascia/ muscle chain Collection only of muscles that , in dysfunction, for a well-defined region, can cause FOCAL PAIN.

Secondary direct myofascia/ muscle chain Collection of muscles that, in dysfunction, can cause not merely focal but referred pain as well.

MyofasciaJ Associative muscle chain

Collection of muscles that starting from their muscle in dysfunction develop associative TPs in other muscles.

Primary myofascia/ associative muscle chain Collection of muscles that, starting from their muscle in dysfunction, develop associative TPs that cause FOCAL pain for a well-defined region.

Secondary myofascia/ associative muscle chain Collection of muscles that, starting from their muscle in dysfunction, develop associative TPs that not necessarily cause merely focal pain for a well-defined region.

7

Trigger Point

A self-maintaining hyper-irritable spot in a skeleton muscle or its associated fascia.

Active Trigger Point

A very sensitive spot that , when palpated, causes an identifiable pain that totally or partly agrees with the pain track of the muscle in dysfunction.

Latent Trigger Point

A spot that causes local pain only when palpated.

False Positive Trigger Point

A spot that causes referred pain:

or: - not in accordance with the identifiable pain or: - in accordance with the specific track for this trigger point but with

an algometric score higher than the MPI

8

Chapter 3

Algometries

Purpose

The purpose of algometrics is to define whether a TP is active, latent, falsely positive or absent.This knowledge is based on the most recent data from the American study: "Pressure Threshold for referred pain by compression on the trigger point and adjacent area." (Chang-Zern Hong, Yuh-Ning Chen, Debra, Twehous, Dennis H. Hong. Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain.)

Myofascial Pain Index (MPI)

Pain is subjective. To get an idea by means of algometrics of the pain the patient experiences , we must be able to make an objective evaluation. By means of the calculation of a myofascial pain index we can estimate objectively the value of the pain the patient can bear.

The MPI is calculated by measurements on the 18 Tender Points with the

Algoprobe® .

The Algoprobe® is an electric algometer by means of which the MPI is automatically calculated . , The trigger point research is linked to the MPI and evaluated in that way in function of the individual pain threshold of each patient.

These are the locations of the Tender Points we have tomeasure :

1. occiput : at the insertions of the Suboccipital muscles.

2. lower cervical: at the anterolateral aspect of C5-C6

3. edge of trapezius: in the middle of the shoulder

4. supraspinatus: the fossa supraspinatus at the medium edge of the scapula

5. second rib: up lateral at the sterno-costal junction

6. lateral epicondyl: 2 cm distal of the epicondyl

7. knee: at the medium fleshy thickness proximal of the jOint

8. major trochanter: posterior of the prominentia trochanterica

9. gluteal: in the upper lateral quadrant anterior

The MPI is the average pressure that is measured at these 18 Tender point locations (9 right - 9 left)

=> 18 values have to be registered by pressure with the probe

=> The MPI is simply the average value measured at the Tender Points.

Here comes an example how the MPI is calculated.

9

e.g.

left right

TeP 1 3,70 4,30 at the insertions Suboccipital muscles TeP2 3,30 3,30 anterolateral aspect C5-C7

TeP3 4,80 5,30 middle point of the shoulder TeP4 4,00 3,60 fossa supraspinatus, medium edge scapula TePS 3,90 3,50 upper lateral at costochondral junction rib 2

TeP6 3,60 4,30 2 cm distal of the epicondylus lateralis TeP7 6,10 7,40 at the medium side of the knee TeP8 8,90 7,20 posterior of prominentia trochanterica TeP9 6,20 4,50 in upper exterior quadrant

44,50 43,40

0,12 4,94 4,82

MPI 4,88

The calculation of an individual MPI is essential for the following reasons:

I. pain is subjective and has to be assessed objectively and individually.

2. when, as in the example above, a palpation pressure of 2 kg is used, a lot of muscle indications will be missed, as for this person too little pressure is given. When, on the other hand, a palpation pressure of 6 kg is used, this is too high for this person and a lot of false positive results will be registered.

3. when diagnosing myofascial dysfunctions, this MPI is determining whether we are dealing with active TPs, latent TPs or with False positive TPs. This information is essential as to stipulate the way of treatment.

Myofascial dysfunctions

In function of the pain region (dr. Chapter 4) and the already determined MPI we measure the Trigger Points that are considered.

In function of the individual pain index we can automatically read whether a Trigger Point is active, latent or falsely positive. A TP is active when it has a lower score than the MPI and is attended with the typical referred pain . A TP is latent with a lower score than the MPI but without radiation. A TP is falsely positive when it has referred pain with a score higher than the MPI or when the patient experiences a non-recognizable referred pain with a score lower than the MPI.

Conclusions.

It is useless to apply algometrics without determining a Myofascial Pain Index. The interpretation of the measurements can only be objectified in function of the patient himself.

10

Chapter 4

Myofascial Chains in function of the pain region

11

Face - Upper Cheek & Jaw

pain focus referred pai n

Masseter Tempora l is (3 anterior TPs) Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Zygomaticus Major Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Orbicularis Oculi Soleus (Iat UTP) Platysma

Pterygoideus Medialis

Masseter Temporal is Pterygoideus Medial is Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is

Pterygoideus Lateral is Zygomaticus Major Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Scalenus

Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Ocul i Occipitofrontal is

Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Hal iucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal iucis Longus Peroneus Tertius


Masseter Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus

Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Temporal is

1 2

Face - Lower Cheek & jaw

pain focus

Masseter Trapezius (TP1)

Masseter

Trapezius (TP 1 )

Masseter

referred pain

Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Platysma Pterygoideus Medial is

Temporal is Pterygoideus Med ial is Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is (inferior) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralatera l ) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontal is


Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus

1 3

Eye

pain focus referred pain

Masseter Suboccipital Occipitofrontalis (UTP) Temporalis (anterior TP) Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Trapezius (TP1 ) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Orbicularis Oculi

Masseter Temporalis Pterygoideus Med ial is Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior)

Occi pitofrontal is Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus

Trapezius (TP1 ) Splenius Capitis Suboccipita l

Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal ) Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Ocu li Occi p itofronta l is

Orbicularis Oculi


Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi


Masseter Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)

Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP1 )

Splenius Cervicis (UTP) SL\boccipital Trapezius (TP1 )

1 4

Ear - TMJ

pain focus . referred pain

Masseter Splenius Cervi cis (UTP) Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus (clavicular)

Masseter

Pterygoideus Medial is Pterygoideus Lateralis Sternocleidomastoideus

Masseter

Temporalis Pterygoideus Med ial is Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is

Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Ocul i Occipitofrontalis


Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateralis

1 5

Teeth


Temporalis (TP1) (upper incisor teeth) Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis (TP2) (upper premolar teeth) Temporalis (TP3) (upper molar teeth) Digastricus (anterior part)

(lower incisor teeth) Masseter (superficial part)

(upper molar teeth) Masseter (superficial part)

(lower molar teeth)

Temporalis Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medial is Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus

Digastricus Masseter Temporalis

Masseter Temporalis Pterygoideus Medial is Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is


Masseter

Digastricus

Temporalis

Digastricus Temporalis Masseter Temporalis


Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus

1 6

pain focus

Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus (sterna/)

Digastricus

Sternocieidomastoideus

Throat

referred pain

Pterygoideus Medial is

Masseter Temporal is Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Ocu l i Occipitofrontalis

1 7

Head - Frontal


Masseter Semispinalis Capitis Occipitofrontalis Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus (clavicular) Suboccipital Zygomaticus Major Temporalis (anterior 2 TPs)

Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontalis

Zygomaticus Major Occipitofrontalis Masseter Temporalis

Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Digastricus Pterygoideus Lateralis (inferior)

Temporalis Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus


Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter

Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Occipitofrontalis Temporal is

Masseter Temporal is / Sternocleidomastoideus

1 8

Head - Occipita l


Sternocleidomastoideus Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Temporalis ( Post TP) Trapezius (TP1,2,3) I nfraspinatus (Upper 2 TPs) Digastricus (Post TP) Occipitofrontal is

Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Suboccipital

Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontal is

Semispinal is Cervicis Multifidus (neck) Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus

Trapezius (TP1,2,3) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontal is

Digastricus Masseter Temporal is

1 9


Semispinalis Cervicis Semispinal is Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis

Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Temporal is Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)

Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3) Trapezius (contralateral) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis

/

20

Head - Temporal /


Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal) Masseter Semispinalis Capitis Splenius Cervicis Occipitofrontalis Suboccipital Temporalis Trapezius (TP1) Masseter (superficial lower 2 TPs)

Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporalis Orbicularis Oculi Occipitofrontal is

Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Semispinal is Cervicis Splenius Cervi cis Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)

Occi pitofronta l is Suboccipital Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis

. Semispinal is Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck)

Temporal is Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateral is Pterygoideus Medialis Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus

21

Trapezius Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralatera l ) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis

Masseter Temporal is Pterygoideus Medial is Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal ) D igastricus Pterygoideus Lateral is (inferior)


Suboccipital Semispinal is Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal ) Trapezius (TP1 )

Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter

Trapezius Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral, TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis

Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter

Masseter Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus


Semispinal is Capitis Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)

Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP)

22

pain focus

Splenius Capitis

Splenius Capitis

Head - Vertex

referred pain

Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)

Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital

23

pain focus

Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck) Trapezius (TP1,2,3)

Splenius Cervicis

Levator Scapulae

Multifidus

Trapezius

Multifidus(neck)

Trapezius

Splenius Cervicis

Neck - Posterior

referred pain

I nfraspinatus (Upper 2TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Suboccipital

Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Suboccipital Splenius Cervicis Scalenus Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinal is Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporalis Occipitofrontal is


Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralatera l , TP1 .2.3)


Suboccipital $ternocleidomastoideus

24

Back - Upper-Thoracic


Levator Scapulae Biceps Brachi i Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Scalenus I l iocostalis Thoracis (T6) Trapezius (TP5) Multifidus (neck)

Supraspinatus Trapezius (TP2,3) Triceps Brachi i (caput longum)

Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Scalenus

Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2 ,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)

Trapezius Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis

25


Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5)

Trapezius Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)


Scalenus

26

Back - M id-Thoracic


Rhomboideus Major Multifidus (neck) Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Scalenus Subscapularis Trapezius (TP4) Trapezius (TP3-TP5) Iliocostalis Thoracis (T6) Infraspinatus (lower medial TP) Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Multifidus(back) (T3) Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior

Rhomboideus Major Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor

Scale'lus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachiorad ial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

Trapezius Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral ) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus M inor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis

I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

27

I nfraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus (Anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachi i Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoral is Major

Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Subscapularis I l iocostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Multifidus(back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus

Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus(neck)

Rhomboideus Minor Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor

28


I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior

Latissimus Dorsi l I iosostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior

Multifidus(back) Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior

Rhomboideus Major Infraspinatus Trapezius

Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus

Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major I l iocostal is Thoracis

Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)

Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius Infraspinatus


Rhomboideus Minor

29

Back - Low-Thoracic


Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Serratus Anterior Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP - T11) Trapezius (TP3) Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi(UTP)

Rectus Abdominus Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracil is

I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Serratus Posterior I nferior I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis

Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Triceps Brach i i (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Subscapularis I l iocostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior


I l iocostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior

Latissimus Dorsi I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior I nferior

30

Back - Lumbar


Multifidus (back) (L2) Serratus Posterior Inferior Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis (UTP-L 1) Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Gluteus Medius (med - lat TP) Longissimus Thoracis (UTP- T1 0) Rectus Abdominis (UTP) Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP - T11) Iliopsoas Soleus (Iat UTP)

Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Gluteus Medius (med TP) Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (Posterior) Tensor Fasciae Latae

Rectus Abdominus Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is

I l iocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior

31

I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)

Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

32


Quadratus Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius

I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis


Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi

I l iopsoas I l iocostalis Lumborum LonQissimus Thoracis

Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior

Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior

I l iocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi

L----Serratus Posterior I nferior

Remark

Eventually we can take the Hamstrings as a key for the low back pain in this region. In this book we didn't take them in the muscle chains.

33

Back - Sacral


Multifidus (back) (S1-S4) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Rectus Abdominus (UTP) I l iocostalis Lumborum Piriformis Longissimus Thoracis (UTP - T1 0-1 1 ) Gluteus Medius (Iat TP - med TP) I l iocostal is Thoracis (UTP - T1 1 ) Gluteus Maximus (Iat UTP - med UTP) Soleus (Iat UTP) Quadratus Lumborum (deep) Coccygeus Sphincter Ani Levator Ani Longissimus Thoracis (UTP - L 1) Iliopsoas


Rectus Abdominus Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis

Piriformis Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Med ius Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus (posterior part) Tensor Fascia latae

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius (posterior part) Gluteus Minimis (posterior part) Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

34

Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

Coccygeus Sphincter An i Levator Ani Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi

Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior

I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imus I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)

35

Gluteus Medius

Piriformis

Gluteus Maximus

Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas

Gluteus Maximus


Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Recus Abdominus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis


I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas

36

Back - SIJ


Multifidus (back) (S1) I l iocostal is Lumborum Rectus Abdominus (UTP) Longissimus Thoracis (UTP) Gluteus Medius (med TP - lat TP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Quadratus Lumborum (deep) Soleus (Iat UTP) Iliopsoas Longissimus Thoracis (UTP)


Rectus Abdominus Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracil is

Gluteus Medius Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Tensor Fasciae latae

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tib ia l is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

37

I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus B iceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Mu ltifidus (neck)

Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior


Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Iliopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral)

I l iopsoas Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius LonQissimus Thoracis


I l iopsoas Longissimus Thoracis i l iocostalis Lumborum

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral ) I l iocostal is Lumborum

38

Back - Coccyx

pain focus

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius (Iat TP - med TP) Multifidus (S1 - S4) Obturatorius Internus Levator Ani Coccygeus Sphincter Ani

Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Medius

Multifidus

Obturatorius I nternus Levator Ani Coccygeus Sphincter Ani

referred pain

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

39

Shoulder - Anterior


Biceps Brachii Brachialis Coracobrachialis Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (ant TP - mid TP) Sternalis Infraspinatus (Iat TP - med TP) Subclavius Pectoralis Minor Teres Major Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Subscapularis Scalenus Pectoralis Major (sternal) Supraspinatus

Biceps Brachi i Brachial is Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideu

·s

Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachial is

Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

Deltoideus (anterior) I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus

anterior part: Pectoralis Major (clavicular part) Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior part)

Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Anterior Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoral is Major

Pectoral is M inor Pectoralis Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternal is

40

Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachial is Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

4 1


Biceps Brachi i Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus

Coracobrachial is Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus

Deltoideus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoral is Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus

Scalenus Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoral is Minor

Pectoral is Major Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus

Pectoral is Minor Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal ) Scalenus


I nfraspinatus Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoral is Major

Pectoral is Major Sternalis Subscapularis

Pectoral is Minor Sternalis Pectoral is Major

42

Shou lder - Posterior


Deltoideus (post TP - mid TP) l I iocostalisThoracis Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Levator Scapulae Supraspinatus Scalenus Teres Major Biceps Brachii Teres Minor Trapezius (TP 3 & TP 6) Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus (/at TP - med TP)

Deltoideus (posterior) Infraspinatus Supraspinatus

posterior part: Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Deltoideus (anterior part)

Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)

Subscapularis Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)


Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis

43

Teres M inor Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis Supraspinatus Biceps Brachi i

Trapezius (TP 3 & TP 6) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis

Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

I nfraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Anterior Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major

44


Trapezius Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral)

Supraspinatus Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius Infraspinatus

Teres Major Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum)

Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Infraspinatus

Subscapularis Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus

Triceps Brachii Teres Major Teres Minor

Deltoideus Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus


Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus I l iocostal is Thoracis

Trapezius Levator Scapulae Scalenus

Teres Minor Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi

45

Shou lder - Lateral


Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (posterior part) Supraspinatus Deltoideus (anterior part) Teres Major Scalenus Deltoideus (middle part) Teres Minor Infraspinatus Levator Scapulae (UTP) Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major (clav) Scalenus

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brach i i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii



Deltoideus (middle) I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus Supraspinatus B iceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major

Subscapularis Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)

46


Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor

Pectoralis M inor Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternal is

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brach i i (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

47


Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus

Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus

Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Supraspinatus

Teres Major Deltoideus Subscapularis

I nfraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoral is Major

Subscapularis Teres Major Pectoral is Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus

Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Scalenus Subscapularis

Pectoral is Minor Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Scalenus

Scalenus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor


Teres Major Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres M inor

Supraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

I nfraspinatus Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

Pectoral is Major Teres Minor Deltoideus

48

Upperarm - Anterior


Biceps Brachii Brachialis Scalenus I nfraspinatus ( upper 2 TPs) Subclavius Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii (caput mediale) Pectoral is Major (sternal & costal)

Pectoralis Minor Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Sternalis Supraspinatus Deltoideus (ant - mid) Subscapu laris

Biceps Brachii Brachial is Supinator Triceps Brachi i Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachial is

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

Subclavius Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi

Teres Major Teres M inor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus

49


Scalenus Brachialis Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii

Biceps Brachii Brachial is Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus

50

Upperarm - Posterior


Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (ant - post) Scalenus Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) Levator Scapulae (UTP) Supraspinatus Serratus Posterior Superior

Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus (upper 2 Tps) Teres Major

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brach i i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

Triceps Brachi i Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus


51


Coracobrachialis


Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Triceps Brachi i

Supraspinatus I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor

52

Upperarm - Latera l


Scalenus . I nfraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Triceps Brachii (caput latera/e) Supraspinatus

Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Levator Scapulae

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)


Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres M inor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus


Teres Major Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii

53

Elbow - Epicondylus Latera l is


Anconeus I nfraspinatus (upper 2 TPs) Brachioradialis Subclavius Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Teres Major Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Deltoideus (anterior & posterior) Serratus Posterior Superior Supinator Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii (caput mediale & longum)

Anconeus Triceps Brachii Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii (caput longum & mediale)

Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Pectoral is Minor

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris


Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachii Palmaris LonQus

54

Supraspinatus

Triceps Brachi i

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part ) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachiorad ial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus


Anconeus Brachiorad ial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Brachioradialis

Supinator

Supraspinatus

Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachi i


55

Infraspinatus Deltoideus

Elbow - Epicondylus Medial is


Triceps Brachii (caput mediale) Pectoral is Minor Pectoralis Major (sternal part) Sternal is

Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior

Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus

Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)


Pectoral is Major Sternalis Serratus Anterior

56

Elbow - Olecranon


Triceps Brachii (caput mediale & longum) Scalenus Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Supraspinatus Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Triceps Brachi i Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (neck)

Supinator Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis B iceps Brachi i Palmaris Longus

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part ) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus Pectoralis Minor


Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator

Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

57

.E lbow - Antecubital


Biceps Brachii Brachialis Supinator I nfraspinatus

Biceps Brachii Brachialis Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachial is

Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus


Biceps Brachii Supinator Brachial is

Supinator Brachialis Biceps Brachii

58

pain focus

Pectoralis Major (sternal)

Pectoralis Major

Forearm - Volar

referred pain

Subclavius Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Palmaris Longus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor Pronator Teres Scalenus Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i (caput mediale) Brachioradialis

59

Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)

Forearm - Dorsal


Coracobrachialis Brachioradialis Subclavius Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis

Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) I nfraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Scalenus Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii

Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

Subclavius


Coracobrachial is

60

Forearm-Rad ial


Subclavius Brachioradial is Infraspinatus Scalenus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis

I Subclavius

61

pain focus

Pectoralis Major (sternal)

Pectoral is Major

Forearm - Ulnar

referred pain

Teres Major Triceps Brachii Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Serratus Anterior Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Latissimus Dorsi Levator Scapulae Serratus Posterior Superior Palmaris Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (rinQ finQer)

Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachial is Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)

62

Hand Dorsal side & Wrist


Brachialis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Coracobrachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Latissimus Dorsi (UTP) Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Levator Scapulae (UTP) Extensor Indicis Scalenus Scalenus Subclavius Serratus Posterior Superior Supraspinatus Subscapularis Infraspinatus (upper 2 TPs) Supinator Triceps Brachi i (caput longum)

Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Abductor Digiti Minimi

Brachialis Biceps Brachii Brach ioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis

Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brachi i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus Pectoral is Minor

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

63


Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachialis B iceps Brachii Palmaris Longus

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Indicis Supinator

Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Subscapularis Deltoideus(posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii(caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus

64


Brachial is Brachioradial is Supinator

Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Supinator

Supinator Brachial is Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis

Extensor Indicis Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator

Scalenus Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis


Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Diqitorum (middle finger)

Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus

Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii

Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii

Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii

65

Hand - Wrist - Radial


Brachialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Carpi Radialis I nfraspinatus Pronator Teres I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Supinator Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Brachioradialis Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Subclavius Extensor Indicis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Opponens Pollicis Supraspinatus Coracobrachialis Subscapularis Scalenus Adductor Pollicis

Brachialis Biceps Brachii Brachiorad ial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis

Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Poll icis Longus

Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus

Supinator Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachii Palmaris Longus

Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii

Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus Pectoralis Minor

66

Extensor Ind icis Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Opponens Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Adductor Poll icis

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachi i

Subscapularis Deltoideus(posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)

Adductor Poll icis Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Opponens Poll icis Flexor Poll icis Brevis Abductor Poll icis Brevis

67


Brachial is Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pollicis

Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Brachial is

Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator

Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus

Extensor Ind icis Supinator Brachioradialis

Scalenus Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis


Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Pollicis Longus

Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is

Brachioradialis Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)

Opponens Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Adductor Poll icis

Subscapularis Triceps Brachii(caput longum) Infraspinatus

Scalenus Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Scalenus

Coracobrachial is Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

68

Hand Volar s ide & Wrist


Adductor Pollicis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Brachialis Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Flexor Carpi Radialis Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris I nfraspinatus Opponens Pollicis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 (fingers) Palmaris Longus Latissimus Dorsi Pronator Teres Pectoralis Minor

Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoralis Major (sternal) Serratus Anterior Subclavius Subscapularis F lexor Poll icis Longus Scalenus

Brachia l is Biceps Brachii Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis

Adductor Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 Opponens Pollicis Flexor Poll icis Brevis Abductor Pol l icis Brevis

Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Pol l icis Longus

Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Pollicis Longus

Opponens Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 Palmaris Longus Abductor Digiti M in im i

Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Poll ici" Longus

69



Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris

Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris


Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus

Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radia l is

Palmaris Longus Flexor Poll icis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus

Pronator Teres Flexor Digitorum Superficia l is & Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus

70

Hand - Wrist - U lnar


Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Dig itorum (r ing finger) Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Dig itorum Superficial is Serratus Posterior Superior I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Scalenus Abductor Dig iti Minim i Subscapularis Levator Scapulae ( UTP)

Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Anterior Pectoral is M inor Pectoralis Major (sternal ) Triceps Brach i i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extensor Carpi U lnaris Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Dig itorum Superficialis &

Profundus Flexor Carpi Radia l is Flexor Pollicis Longus


Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectora l is Major Pectora l is M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Dig itorum ( m iddle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring fi nger)

Subscapu laris Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major I nfraspinatus

71


Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii

Scalenus Triceps Brachi i Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Pectoral is Minor Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

72

Fingers - Dorsal


Abductor Digiti Minimi (little finger) Adductor Poll icis (thumb) Brachialis (thumb) Extensor Indicis ( index) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Latissimus Dorsi ( l ittle finger, ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Subclavius (thumb, i ndex, middle finger) Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (thumb, index, Triceps Brachii (caput laterale) (r ing middle finger) finger) Scalenus (thumb & index) Scalenus (all fingers) Serratus Posterior Superior (little finger) I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 ( little finger)

Coracobrachialis (middle finger) Levator Scapulae (l ittle finger, ring finger) I nfraspinatus

Abductor Digiti Min imi Brachial is B iceps Brachi i

Brachiorad ial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis

Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is M inor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Triceps Brachi i Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Indicis

73

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)



Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)


I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor I ndicis

74

Fingers - Volar


Flexor Pollicis Longus (thumb) Subclavius (thumb, index, middle finger) Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & I nfraspinatus ( index, m iddle finger) Profundus (little finger, ring finger, Adductor Pollicis (thumb) middle finger) Serratus Anterior (l ittle finger, ring Opponens Pollicis (thumb) finger) Serratus Posterior Superior Pectoral is Major (sternal) ( l ittle finger,

ring finger, middle finger) Pectoral is Minor ( l ittle finger, ring finger, middle finger) Triceps Brachii (caput mediale)

( l ittle finger, ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi ( l ittle finger, ring finger) Interosseus Dorsalis 1

Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Flexor Carpi Radial is Profundus Flexor Carpi U lnaris

Flexor Poll icis Lonqus Opponens Poll icis (thumb) Adductor Poll icis

I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 I nterosseus Dorsal is 2



Opponens Poll icis (thumb) Adductor Poll icis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1

75

Chest - Front


Pectoralis Major (sternal, costal) I l iocostal is Thoracis (UTP) Pectoralis Minor Obl iquus Externus Abdominis Sternalis Platysma Subclavius Serratus Posterior Superior Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Serratus Anterior Pectoral is Major (clavicular)

Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Sca lenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Trapezius ( m iddle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor

Pectora l is Minor Pectora lis Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis

Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major

Subclavius Sca lenus Sternocleidomastoideus

Trapezius (upper part) Splenius Capitis Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus

76


Pectoralis Minor Pectoral is Major Sternalis Scalenus

Pectoralis Major Scalenus Sternalis



Serratus Anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus

Pectoralis Minor Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major

Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major

77

pain focus

Serratus Anterior

Serratus Anterior

Chest - S ide

referred pain

Latissimus Dorsi

Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus

78

Abdomen


Rectus Abdominis (Mc Burney) Multifidus ( back) ( L2 , S1 ) Obliquus Externus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdomin is Iliocostalis Thoracis (UTP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial part) Pyramidalis Pect ineus

Latissimus Dorsi Adductor Magnus I liopsoas

Rectus Abdominis Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis

Obliquus Externus Abdominis Rectus Abdomin is Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus

I l iocostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior I nferior

Pyramidal is


Rectus Abdominis Obl iquus Externus Abdomin is Adductor Magnus

Obl iquus Externus Abdominis Rectus Abdominis Adductor Magnus

79

Buttock


Gluteus Medius (med TP & mid TP) I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Multifidus ( back) (S1 ) Gluteus Maximus Iliocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis (UTP) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Piriformis (lat. TP) Gluteus Minimus Multifidus (back) (S4) Obturatorius Internus Levator Ani Sphincter Ani Coccygeus

Gluteus Medius P iriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus Tensor Fascia latae

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus M in imus

G luteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus M in imis Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longiss imus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

I l iocosta l is Lumborum -Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

80

Longissimus Thoracis Latiss imus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Semimembranosus Adductor Magnus . Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdomin is I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longiss imus Thoracis Multifidus

Semitendinosus Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdomin is I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longiss imus Thoracis Multifidus

Piriformis Gluteus Min imus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus Min imus Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae

Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Obturatorius I nternus Sphincter Ani

81

I Levator Ani Coccygeus


Gluteus Medius Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus Tensor Fascia latae

Quadratus Lum borum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum

Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus

Semimembranosus Semitend inosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Mu ltifidus

Piriform is Gluteus Min imus (posterior part) Levator An i Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

Gluteus M in imus Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum


Semitend inosus I l iopsoas Multifidus

Semimembranosus I l iopsoas Multifidus

82

Groin


Adductor Brevis . I l iopsoas Adductor Longus Piriformis Adductor Magnus (UTP) Quadratus Lumborum Pectineus Rectus Abdominus Obliquus Externus Abdominus (UTPs) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is

Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is

Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is I l iopsoas

Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Rectus Abdominus Addutor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Pectineus

83


Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus

Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus

Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus

84

H i p - Anterior


Adductor Brevis Quadratus Lum borum Adductor Longus Quadriceps Vastus I ntermed ius Adductor Magnus (UTP) Rectus Abdominus Pectineus Obliquus Externus Abdominus (UTPs) Iliopsoas (UTP) Sartorius (UTP)

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is


Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis

Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracil is I l iopsoas

Obl iquus Externus Abdominus Rectus Abdominus Addutor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus

I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus M in imus I l iocostal is Thoracis

85

Long issimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splen ius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)

Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracil is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris


Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Brevis

Pectineus

Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus

Sartorius

I l iopsoas

Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus


Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus

86

H i p - Latera l pain focus referred pain

Gluteus Maximus (Iat UTP) Gluteus M in imus (post) Gluteus Medius (mid TP) I l iocostal is Lumborum Piriformis (Iat TP) Gluteus Medius (med TP) Quadratus Lumborum (superficial) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Tensor Fascia Latae (TP2) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP3, 4,5) Gluteus Minimus (ant)

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Gluteus Min imis Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

GluteL's Med ius Piriform is Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Min imus Tensor Fascia Latae

Pi riformis Gluteus M in imus Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostalis Lumborum Obl iquus Externus Abdomin is Latiss imus Dorsi Gluteus Med ius Gluteus Min imus

Tensor Fascia Latae Gluteus Minimus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Sartorius

Gluteus Min imus Piriform is Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae

87


Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side)

Gluteus Medius Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae

Gluteus Minimus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae


Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis I l iocostalis Lumborum

88

Th igh - Med ial


Adductor Magnus (UTP) Adductor Brevis Gracilis Adductor Longus Sartorius (UTPs) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis (UTP) (UTP)

Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is

Gracil is Sartorius Sartorius Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is I l iopsoas

Sartorius

Adductor Magnus

Sartorius

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Sartorius


Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is

89

Th igh - Anterior


Adductor Magnus (UTP) Adductor Brevis Iliopsoas (UTP) Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is (UTP) (UTP) Sartorius (UTPs) Tensor Fascia Latae

Pectineus

Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Vastus Med ial is

I l i opsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femo .. is Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Gluteus M in imus I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocosta l is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

90

Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is I l iopsoas (UTP) Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Sartorius


Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius I l iopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is

Sartorius Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is


Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ialis

Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ia l is

91

Th igh - Posterior

pain focus

Gluteus Minimus (post TP) Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

Gluteus M in imus

Semimembranosus

referred pain

Biceps Femoris Gastrocnemius (med UTP) Gluteus Medius (mid TP) Gluteus Maximus (med UTP) Mu ltifidus (back) (S1 ) Obturatorius I nternus Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is (TP3)

Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis 'I l iocostal is Lumborum Long issimus Thoracis Multifidus

92

Semitendinosus

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus


Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is B iceps Femoris Mu ltifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is

93

Th igh - Lateral


Gluteus Minimus (ant) Biceps Femoris Tensor Fasciae Latae Gluteus Medius (mid TP) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is (TP1-TP2-TP4) (TP3) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius

Gluteus M in imus Pi riformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera lis Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae

Tensor Fasciae Latae Gluteus Min imus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Sartorius

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Sartorius


Gluteus M in imus


Gluteus M in imus

94

Knee - Posterior


Biceps Femoris . Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Plantaris Gluteus M inimus (post) Popliteus Semimembranosus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Semitendinosus (TP3) Soleus (UTP) Gastrocnemius (UTP med - UTP lat)

Biceps Femoris Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis

Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

Popliteus Gastrocnemius Plantaris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

95

Gastrocnemius

Biceps Femoris

Popliteus

B iceps Femoris

Plantaris

Soleus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus


Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Gastrocnemius Gastrocnemius Plantaris


Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus

96

Knee - Anterior


Adductor Brevis Sartorius Adductor Longus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (TP1-TP4)

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is


Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Sartorius

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Media l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

97


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

98

Knee - Med ial

pain focus

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Med ial is

referred pain

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera lis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Sartorius


Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

99

Knee - Lateral


Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Adductor Brevis (TP1 - TP2 - TP3 - TP4) Adductor Longus Gluteus Minimus (ant) Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

B iceps Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

Gluteus Min imus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae

1 00

Leg - Anterior (shank)


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Tibial is Anterior

1 0 1

Leg - Posterior (ca lf)


Gluteus Minimus Biceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Flexor Digitorum Longus (TP3) Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Soleus) (UTP med) Piriformis Tibialis Posterior Plantaris Gastrocnemius (UTP lat - UTP med) Popliteus

Semimembranosus Semitend inosus

Gluteus Min imus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermed ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

Soleus Gastrocnemius Tibial is Posterior Hal l ucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Min imus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Dig itorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis

Gastrocnemius Soleus Semimembranosus Semitend inosus Biceps Femoris Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus M in imus

1 02


Soleus Gluteus Min imus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius

Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Posterior


Soleus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius

Gluteus Minimus Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Latera l is

Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus

1 03

Leg - Lateral


Gluteus Minimus (ant) Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

Gluteus Min imus Piriform is Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae

Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibia l is Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus M in imus


Gluteus Min imus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is 'Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus

1 04

Leg - Med ial


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus

1 05

Ankle - Mal leol us Externus


Gluteus Minimus (ant) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus

Gluteus M in imus Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Med ius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae

Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Min imus

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibia l is Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Min imus


Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Gluteus Min imus

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Gluteus M in imus

1 06

Ankle - Mal leol us I ntern us

pai n focus referred pain

Flexor Oigitorum Longus Adductor Brevis Abductor Hallucis Adductor Longus

Tibial is Anterior Soleus

Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1

Abductor Hal lucis Quadratus Plantae Adductor Hal l ucis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1

1 07

Foot - Plantar

pai n focus referred pain

Abductor Digiti Minimi (toes) Piriformis Abductor Hallucis Tibial is Posterior Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Gastrocnemius (UTP med) Quadratus Plantae Soleus (UTP med) Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis

Abductor Digiti M in im i (toes) Abductor Hallucis Quadratus Plantae

Adductor Hal lucis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1

Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior

Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal lucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsa l is 1

Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Tibialis Posterior

Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Haflucis Brevis F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal lucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsal is 1

1 08

Gastrocnemius Soleus Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Tibial is Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus M in imus

Quadratus Plantae Soleus Gastrocnemius

Tibial is Posterior Hal l ucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus M in imus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal iucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

I nterossei Dorsa l is 1 Adductor Hal lucis


Abductor Hal iucis Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hal iucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsa l is 1 Adductor Hal iucis

Gastrocnem i us Flexor Digitorum Longus F lexor Hal iucis Longus Soleus

Flexor Digitorum Longus F lexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal iucis Longus Flexor Hal iucis Brevis Interossei Dorsal is 1

Flexor Hal l ucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Haliucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsal is 1


Soleus Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior

1 09

Foot - Dorsal


Extensor Digitorum Brevis Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Hallucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Interosseus Dorsalis 1

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus

Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius

Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus

Extensor Hal lucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius

Tibial is Anterior Peroneus Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus

Interosseus Dorsal is 1 Flexor Hal lucis Brevis

1 1 0


Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis LonQus

Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Anterior Extenspr Hal lucis LonQus

Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus

Extensor Hal lucis Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus

Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus


Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius

Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius

1 1 1

Chapter 5

Myofascial Muscle Chains per muscle

1 1 2

Abductor Digiti Minimi (fingers) (CB-T1 )

Chains containing the Abductor Digiti M inimi (fingers) M uscle

associated muscles Palmaris Longus

1 1 3

(

Abductor Hallucis (L5-S1 )

C hains starting from the Abductor Hallucis

associated muscles Quadratus Plantae Adductor Hal lucis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1

foot - plantar


1 1 4

Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hal lucis

Adductor Brevis (L2-L4)

Chains starting from the Adductor Brevis

associated muscles

groin

hip - anterior

knee - anterior

Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis


Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is

Chains containing the Adductor Brevis Muscle

associated muscles

) 1 1 5

Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis

Obliquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus

Pectineus Adductor Brevis

Pectineus Adductor Longus groin Adductor Maqnus

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus


Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Pectineus Adductor Brevis



Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas

hip - anterior Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus


Sartorius Adductor Longus Adductor Maqnus Adductor Brevis

Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Pectineus

1 1 6


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris

Sartorius Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

thigh - anterior Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus Adductor Brevis

Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is

thigh - medial Adductor Brevis Sartorius Adductor Longus

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is

1 1 7

Adductor Hallucis (51 -52)

Chains containing the Adductor Hallucis Muscle

associated muscles Abductor Hallucis


Adductor Hallucis Quadratus Plantae

Abductor Hallucis foot - plantar Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1

1 1 8

Adductor Longus (L2-L4)

C hains starting from the Adductor Longus

associated muscles

groin

hip - anterior

knee - anterior

Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis


Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is

Chains containing the Adductor Longus M uscle

associated muscles

1 19

Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Pectineus Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis


Adductor Longus Obliquus Externus Adductor Brevis Abdominus Adductor Magnus

Pectineus Adductor Longus

Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Maqnus

groin Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus


Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Longus

Obliquus Externus Adductor Brevis Abdominus Adductor Magnus


Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas

hip - anterior Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus


Sartorius Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis

1 20


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris

Sartorius Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris

thigh - anterior Rectus Femoris Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Pectineus Adductor Brevis

Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris

thigh - medial Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis

Sartorius Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is

1 2 1

Adductor Magnus (L2-S1 )

C hains starting from the Adductor M agnus

associated muscles

groin

hip - anterior

thigh - medial

thigh - anterior

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Pectineus


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus

Chains containing the Adductor Magnus Muscle

associated muscles

1 22

Adductor longus Adductor Brevis Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Sartorius Rectus Abdominis Obliquus Externus Abdominis Pectineus


Adductor Brevis Obl iquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus


Pectineus Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas

h ip - anterior Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus


Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis

Sartorius Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis

Obl iquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus


Pectineus Adductor Longus groin Adductor Magnus

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus


Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Magnus

Sartorius thigh - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus

Sartorius thigh - medial Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is


Obliquus Externus Rectus Abdominus Abdominis

abdomen Adductor Magnus Obl iquus Externus Rectus Abdominis Abdominus Adductor Magnus

1 23

Adductor Pollicis (C8-T1 )

Chains starting from the Adductor Pollicis

associated muscles Interosseus Dorsal is 1 Opponens Pollicis Flexor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pol l icis Brevis

Chains containing the Adductor Pollicis Muscle

associated muscles Brachial is


Brachioradialis Brachial is hand - wrist - radial Adductor Pollicis

Supinator


Opponens Pollicis hand - wrist - radial I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis

Opponens Pollicis fingers - volar Interosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Pollicis

1 24

Anconeus (C7-C8)

Chains starting from the Anconeus

associated muscles Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii


elbow - epicondylus lateral is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii

Chains containing the Anconeus Muscle

associated muscles


Anconeus Brachioradial is

Triceps Brachii Supinator elbow - Extensor Carpi Radialis

epicondylus lateralis LonQus Anconeus

Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii

1 25

Biceps Brachii (C5-C6)

C hains starting from the Biceps Brachii

associated muscles

shoulder - anterior

arm - anterior

elbow - antecubital

Brachialis Supinator Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Supraspinatus Trapezius Coracobrachialis


Coracobrachialis Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus


Brachialis Deltoideus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supinator Brachial is

1 26

Chains containing the Biceps Brachii M uscle

associated muscles

Coracobrachial is

Deltoideus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Supinator

Teres M inor I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Brachial is Supinator


Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoral is Major

shoulder - anterior ( clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus


shoulder - posterior Latissimus Dorsi Biceps Brachii

elbow - antecubital Brachial is Biceps Brachii

1 27

Biceps Femoris (L5-S2)

Chains starting from the Biceps Femoris

Biceps Femoris

knee - posterior

knee - posterior

Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis


Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Gastrocnemius


Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

C hains containing the Biceps Femoris Muscle

associated muscles

1 28

Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius


Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Multifidus

Quadriceps Femoris thigh -posterior Vastus Lateralis

Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Multifidus

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Semimembranosus

Gastrocnemius leg - posterior (calf) Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus

1 29

Brachialis (C5-C6)

Chains starting from the Brachialis

associated muscles

hand - dorsal side & wrist

hand - wrist - radial

Biceps Brachii Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Pollicis


Brachioradial is Supinator Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis

Chains containing the Brachialis Muscle

associated muscles

Supinator

Scalenus

Supinator

Scalenus

Supinator Scalenus Biceps Brachii


Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Brachialis

hand - wrist - rad ial Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis

hand - dorsal side Brachialis & wrist Brachioradial is

Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis

1 30


Biceps Brachi i Supinator Brachialis

Supinator elbow - antecubital Brachialis Biceps Brachi i Brachialis


arm - anterior Triceps Brachii Brachialis

Biceps Brachi i Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus

1 3 1

Brachioradialis (C5-C8)

Chains starting from the Brachioradialis

associated muscles Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii (caput longum & medial)


elbow - epicondylus lateral is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii

hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator

hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator


hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)

hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)

1 32

Chains containing the Brachioradialis Muscle

associated muscles

Brachial is

Extensor Indicis

Scalenus

Brachialis

Extensor Indicis

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

Scalenus

Triceps Brachii Scalenus Brachial is Anconeus Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor DiQitorum (middle finQer)


Brachioradialis Supinator Adductor Pol l icis Supinator Brach ioradialis

hand - wrist - radial Brachial is Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brach ioradialis Supinator

hand - dorsal side Brachioradialis & wrist Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Anconeus Brachioradialis Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradialis

elbow - Extensor Carpi Radial is epicondylus lateralis Longus

Supinator Triceos Brachii Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Brachial is

hand - dorsal side Brachioradialis & wrist Extensor Carpi Rad ial is

Brevis

1 33

Coccygeus (54-55)

Chains containing the Coccygeus Muscle

associated muscles Piriformis


Gluteus Minimus (posterior part)

Piriformis buttock Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Levator Ani

Piriformis back - sacral Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

1 34

Coracobrachialis (C6-C7)

Chains starting from the Coracobrachialis

associated muscles

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - lateral

arm - posterior

�.

arm - posterior

forearm - dorsal


Deltoideus Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii


Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Deltoideus Supraspinatus Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii


Deltoideus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

Chains containing the Coracobrachialis M uscle

associated muscles

1 35


Coracobrachialis Biceps Brachii Deltoideus

Supraspinatus shoulder - anterior Coracobrachialis

Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Scalenus Coracobrachialis

Pectoralis Major shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Scalenus Subscapularis

1 36

Deltoideus (C4-C6)

Chains starting from the Deltoideus

associated muscles

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - posterior

shoulder - lateral

I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus

anterior part:

Pectoral is Major (clavicular part) Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior part)

posterior part:

Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Deltoideus (anterior part)


Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoral is Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput lonQum) Infraspinatus Supraspinatus

Chains containing the Deltoideus M uscle

associated muscles

1 37

Teres M inor Teres Major Supraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor I nfraspinatus Coracobrachial is B iceps Brachii


Supraspinatus Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis

Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachi i (caput Lonqum)

shoulder - posterior Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis

Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major

Subscapularis Teres M inor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Coracobrachialis

Biceps Brachi i Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior)

I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus shoulder - anterior Deltoideus Infraspinatus Coracobrachialis

Pectoralis Major Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Deltoideus (anterior)

Pectoral is M inor Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus

Supraspinatus Deltoideus I nfraspinatus

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Supraspinatus

Teres Major shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Subscapularis Deltoideus Teres Major

Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoral is Major

1 38

Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Major

Pectoral is Major shoulder - lateral Infraspinatus

Deltoideus Pectoralis Major Scalenus

Subscapularis Coracobrachial is Deltoideus

Pectoralis Minor Scalenus Pectoral is Major


Deltoideus Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi

Teres Minor Supraspinatus Deltoideus

Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus

Infraspinatus shoulder - lateral Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus

Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor

Pectoral is Major Deltoideus Teres Minor Deltoideus

Teres Major arm - lateral Teres Minor Triceps Brachii

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Triceps Brachii

arm - posterior Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Deltoideus

Latissimus Dorsi Brachial is

Biceps Brachii arm - anterior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus

Supraspinatus elbow - Infraspinatus epicondylus lateralis Deltoideus

1 39

Digastricus

Chains starting from the Diastricus

associated muscles

C hains containing the Digastricus Muscle

associated muscles Masseter


Masseter teeth


Digastricus Masseter face - lower cheek Sternocleidomastoideus

(sternal)

1 40

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (C7)

associated muscles

Chains starting from the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus Pectoral is M inor


hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus

hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus

Chains containing the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Muscle

associated muscles

1 41

Supinator Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradial is


Extensor Carpi Supinator Radialis Brevis

Brachial is Extensor Carpi

Brachioradial is Radialis Brevis Supinator

Extensor Carpi Radialis hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Longus Radialis Brevis

Scalenus Brachial is

Scalenus Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi

Brachioradial is Radialis Brevis Supinator Brachialis

Supinator hand - dorsal side Extensor Carpi & wrist Radialis Brevis

Brachial is Scalenus Brachioradialis

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Triceps Brachii Pectoral is Minor

Scalenus hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

1 42

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (C5-C7)

associated muscles


C hains starting from the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Scalenus Pectoral is Minor


Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Scalenus

Chains containing the Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Muscle

associated muscles

1 43

Triceps Brachii Scalenus Supinator Brachiorad ial is Anconeus Extensor Indicis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Dig itorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)


Anconeus Brachioradialis

Triceps Brachii Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis

Anconeus Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii

elbow - Extensor Carpi Radialis epicondylus lateral is Longus

Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Brachioradialis

Extensor Digitorum (ring Extensor Carpi Radialis finger) Longus

Supinator Anconeus

Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Supinator

Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis

Supinator Longus elbow - olecranon Triceps Brachii

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

hand - wrist - radial Supinator Brachial is Brachioradialis

Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

1 44


Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finQer)

Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Brevis hand - dorsal side Radialis Longus

& wrist Scalenus Extensor Carpi

Supinator Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi

Scalenus Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi

Scalenus Radialis Longus hand - wrist - radial Extensor Digitorum

(middle finQer) Extensor Carpi Radial is Extensor Carpi Brev;s Radialis Longus

Scalenus

1 45

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (C7-C8)

Chains containing the Extensor Carpi U1naris Muscle

associated muscles

Extensor Indicis

Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)


Brachioradial is hand - dorsal side Extensor Carpi

& wrist Ulnaris Supinator

1 46

Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) (C5-C8)

C hains starting from the Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)

associated muscles Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi U lnaris

Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Muscle

associated muscles Brachioradial is Scalenus Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)


Scalenus Extensor Digitorum

I nterosseus Dorsal is 1 & 2 fingers - dorsal (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (rinQ finQer)

1 47


Triceps Brachii Brachioradial is (Extensor Digitorum

middle finger) Triceps Brachii(caput

hand - wrist - radial longum) Scalenus Extensor Digitorum

(middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Brachioradial is hand - dorsal side Extensor Digitorum & wrist (ring finger)

Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)

1 48

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) (C5-C8)

Chains starting from the Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

associated muscles Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Ulnaris


elbow - epicondylus lateral is Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator

Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Muscle

associated muscles

Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2

Brachioradialis

Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Scalenus Brachioradial is


Scalenus Extensor Digitorum

fingers - dorsal (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus

elbow - Extensor Digitorum epicondylus lateral is (ring finger)

Supinator Triceps Brachii

1 49


Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus

Brachioradialis hand - dorsal side Extensor Digitorum & wrist (ring finger)

Extensor Digitorum (middle finQer) Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis

Scalenus hand - wrist - ulnar Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Pectoralis Minor

1 50

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (51 -52)

associated muscles

foot - dorsal

Chains starting from the Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus


Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis LonQus

Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum Brevis M uscle

associated muscles


Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Hallucis Brevis foot - dorsal Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus

1 51

Extensor Digitorum Longus (L5-S1 )

associated muscles

foot - dorsal

foot - dorsal

C hains starting from the Extensor Digitorum Longus

Tibialis Anterior Extensor Haliucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius


Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis Lon us


Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius

Chains containing the Extensor Digitorum Longus Muscle

associated muscles

1 52

Tibialis Anterior Soleus Plantaris Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Flexor Hal iucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal iucis Brevis


Extensor Hallucis Extensor Digitorum Brevis Brevis Extensor Digitorum

Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Digitorum

Extensor Hallucis Brevis Brevis Extensor D igitorum

foot - dorsal Longus Extensor Hal lucis LonQus Tibial is Anterior

Extensor Hal lucis Extensor Digitorum Longus Longus

Extensor Digitorum Tibialis Anterior Longus

Extensor Hal lucis LonQus

1 53

Extensor Hallucis Brevis (51 -52)

Chains starting from the Extensor Hallucis Brevis

associated muscles

foot - dorsal

Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus


Extensor Digitorum Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus

Chains containing the Extensor Hallucis Brevis M uscle

associated muscles


Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Extensor Digitorum foot - dorsal Extensor Digitorum Brevis Longus

Extensor Hal lucis Longus

1 54

Extensor Hallucis Longus (L4-S1 )

Chains starting from the Extensor Hallucis Longus

associated muscles

foot - dorsal

foot . dorsal

Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius



Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius

us

Chains containing the Extensor Hallucis Longus M uscle

associated muscles

1 55

Tibial is Anterior Soleus Plantaris Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Dig itorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Brevis


Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Extensor Digitorum Extensor Digitorum Brevis Longus

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Extensor Digitorum Tibialis Anterior Longus Extensor Hallucis

Longus foot - dorsal Extensor Digitorum

Brevis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Extensor Digitorum

Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Digitorum

Tibialis Anterior Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus

1 56

Extensor Indicis (CB-T1 )

Chains starting from the Extensor I ndicis

associated muscles



Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Carpi U lnaris


Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi U lnaris Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus Supinator Supinator Brachioradialis

Chains containing the Extensor I ndicis M uscle


Latissimus Dorsi Interosseus Dorsalis fingers - dorsal Triceps Brachii 1 & 2 Flexor Pollicis Longus

Extensor Indicis

1 57

Flexor Carpi Radialis (CB-T1 )

Chains starting from the Flexor Carpi Radialis

associated muscles


hand - volar side & wrist

Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Pollicis Longus


Flexor Digitorum Superficial is Flexor Pol l icis Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus

Chains containing the Flexor Carpi Radialis Muscle

associated muscles

Pronator Teres

Palmaris Longus

Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi U lnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus


Flexor Carpi Radialis hand - volar side Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

& wrist Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

1 58


Flexor Digitorum Flexor Carpi Ulnaris hand - volar side Superficial is &

& 'tIrist Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Radialis

Pronator Teres hand - wrist - radial Flexor Pollilcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

1 59

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (C8-T1 )

C hains starting from the Flexor Carpi U1naris

associated muscles


Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Poll icis Longus


Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radialis

C hains containing the Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Muscle

associated muscles

Pronator Teres

Palmaris Longus

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus


Flexor Carpi Radialis hand - volar side Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

& wrist Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris


Flexor Carpi Ulnaris hand - volar side Flexor Digitorum

& wrist Superficialis & Profundus

1 60

Flexor Digitorum Brevis (L5-S1 )

Chains containing the Flexor Digitorum Brevis M uscle

associated muscles

Abductor Hallucis

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Flexor Hal lucis Longus

Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hal lucis


Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis I nterossei Dorsal is 1 Adductor Hal lucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis

foot - plantar Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsal is 1

1 61

Flexor Digitorum Longus (51 -53)

Chains starting from the Flexor Digitorum Longus

associated muscles

foot - plantar

Tibialis Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hallucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal/ucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1


Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsal is 1

Chains containing the Flexor Digitorum Longus Muscle·

associated muscles

1 62

Tibial is Posterior Soleus Plantaris Gastrocnemius Flexor Hal lucis Lonqus


Flexor Digitorum Gastrocnemius Longus

Flexor Hal lucis Longus Soleus

foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum

Flexor Hal lucis Longus Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1


Flexor Digitorum Soleus Longus

Gastrocnemius leg - posterior (calf) Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus Gastrocnemius Biceps Femoris

Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum

Soleus foot - plantar Longus Tibialis Posterior

1 63

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &

Profundus (C7-T1 )

Chains starting from the Flexor Superficialis & Profundus

associatiespieren Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Poll icis Longus

C hains containing the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &

Profundus M uscle

associated muscles

Flexor Carpi Radial is

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Palmaris Longus

Pronator Teres

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Pronator Teres

Pronator Teres Palmaris Longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radialis


Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is

hand - volar side Flexor Pollicis Longus & wrist Flexor Digitorum

Superficialis & Profundusi Flexor Digtorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Poll icis LonQus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Poll icis Longus

hand - wrist - radial Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Polli lcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

1 64

Flexor Hallucis Brevis (LS-S1 )

Chains containing the Flexor Hallucis Brevis M uscle

associated muscles

Abductor Hallucis


Flexor Hallucis longus

Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis


Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis

foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis F lexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsal is 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1

1 65

Flexor Hallucis Longus (51 -53)

Chains starting from the Flexor Hallucis Longus

associated muscles

foot - plantar

Tibial is Posterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Extensor Hal lucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1


Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis I nterosseus Dorsalis 1

Chains containing the Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle

associated muscles

Gastrocnemius


Tibialis Posterior Soleus Plantaris Gastrocnemius Flexor Digitorum Longus


Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus

foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsal is 1

1 66

Flexor Pollicis Longus (C6-C8)

Chains containing the Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle

associated muscles Palmaris Longus Adductor Poll icis Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Carpi Radial is


Flexor Pollicis Longus

Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &

hand - volar side Profundus & wrist

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis &

Pronator Teres Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Flexor Digitorum

Flexor Carpi Radial is Superficial is Flexor Pollicis Longus

hand - wrist - radial Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Polli lcis

Pronator Teres Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Latissimus Dorsi Triceps Brachii

nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 fingers - dorsal Flexor Pollicis Longus Extensor Ind icis

1 67

Gastrocnem i US (51 -52)

Chains starting from the Gastrocnemius

Gastrocnemius

leg - posterior (calf)


foot - plantar

Soleus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus


Soleus Gluteus M inimus Tibial is Posterior


Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus

Chains containing the Gastrocnemius M uscle

associated muscles

1 68

Soleus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Popliteus Plantaris Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Biceps Femoris


Quadriceps Femoris Biceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

knee -, posterior Gastrocnemius Popliteus Gastrocnemius

Plantaris Gluteus Minimus

Soleus leg - posterior (calf) Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius


Gastrocnemius Plantaris knee - posterior Gluteus Minimus

Soleus Flexor Digitorum

Soleus leg - posterior (calf) Longus Gastrocnemius

1 69

Gluteus Maximus (L5-S2)

Chains starting from the Gluteus Maximus

associated muscles

back - sacral

buttock

,

back - sacral

Gluteus Medius (posterior part) Gluteus Minimis (posterior part) Biceps Femoris Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris


Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum


I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas

Chains containing the Gluteus Maximus Muscle

associated muscles

1 70

Piriformis Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius


Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Levator Ani

Piriformis Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

back - sacral Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis Piriformis

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis

hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Piriformis

Gluteus Medius , Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Gluteus Minimus

buttock (posterior part) Piriformis Levator Ani

Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Piriformis

Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum

1 71

Gluteus Medius (L4-LS)

Chains starting from the Gluteus Medius

associated muscles

back - sacral

buttock

P iriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Tensor Fascia latae


Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae

C hains containing the Gluteus Medius Muscle

associated muscles

1 72

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum


Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum I l iopsoas

Quadratus Lumborum ( contralateral)

back - SIJ Rectus Abdominus I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum

Gluteus Medius Lonqissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum back - sacral (other side)

I l iopsoas Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius

back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis

I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus

Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Piriformis

hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadratus Lumborum (other side)

Quadratus Lumborum buttock I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

1 73

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus

Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis

buttock I l iocostal is Lumborum Piriformis



I l iocostal is Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Minimus

hip - lateral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimis I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is

1 74

Gluteus Minimus (L4-S1 )

Chains starting from the Gluteus Minimus

Gluteus Minimus

buttock

hip - lateral

thigh - lateral

thigh - lateral


leg - lateral

Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae


Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fasciae Latae Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadratus Femoris Vastus Lateralis


Gluteus Medius Quadratus Femoris Vastus Lateral is Piriformis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Peroneus Longus

1 75

Chains containing the Gluteus Minimus M uscle

associated muscles

Gluteus Medius

Quadratus Lumborum

G luteus Maximus

Piriformis

Soleus

Gastrocnemius

Peroneus Brevis

Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Tensor Fasciae Latae Soleus Quadratus Lumborum Plantaris Piriformis Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius


Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostal is Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus

buttock Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior

leg - posterior (calf) Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Peroneus Longus

ankle - Gluteus Minimus malleolus externus Peroneus Brevis

Gluteus Minimus

1 76


I l iocostal is Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Minimus

hip -. Iateral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimis I l iocostal is Lumborum Gastrocnemius

Plantaris knee - posterior Gluteus Minimus Soleus

1 77

Gracilis (L2-L4)

C hains starting from the Gracilis

associated muscles Sartorius

Chains containing the Gracilis Muscle

associated muscles

Sartorius

Sartorius Obliquus Externus Abdominis Rectus Abdominis Pectineus


Adductor Magnus thigh - medial Gracil is

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is

1 78

Iliocostalis Lumborum (C4-L3)

Chains starting from the Iliocostalis Lumborum

associated muscles Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior

Chains containing the Iliocostalis Lumborum Muscle

associated muscles

Quadratus Lumborum

Gluteus Maximus

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Maximus


Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus

buttock Longissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis Lumborum Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Lonqissimus Thoracis Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Lonqissimus Thoracis

1 79


I l iopsoas Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum

back - SIJ Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral)

I l iocostalis Lumborum Il iocostalis

Quadratus Lumborum Lumborum back - lumbar Latissimus Dorsi

I l iocostalis I l iopsoas Lumborum

LonQissimus Thoracis Iliocostalis

Quadratus Lumborum Lumborum Gluteus Minimus

hip - lateral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimis Iliocostalis Lumborum

1 80

Iliocostalis Thoracis (C4-L3)

Chains starting from the I liocostalis Thoracis

associated muscles

back - mid-thoracic

back - low-thoracic

back - lumbar

Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior


Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior


Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior I nferior

Chains containing the I l iocostalis Thoracis M uscle

associated muscles

1 81

Serratus Posterior Superior Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi


l l iosostalis Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi back - low-thoracic Rectus Abdominus

Serratus Posterior inferior l l iosostalis Thoracis

Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior

back - mid-thoracic Superior Serratus Posterior Scalenus Superior Rhomboideus Major

Iliocostalis Thoracis Iliocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus

I l iopsoas back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius


I l iocostalis Thoracis Gluteus Maximus back - sacral Longissimus Thoracis

I l iopsoas Serratus Posterior shoulder - posterior Scalenus Superior I l iocostalis Thorac_i�

1 82

Iliopsoas (T1 2-L4)

Chains starting from the Iliopsoas

associated muscles

back - lumbar

back - S IJ

back - sacral

back - lumbar

back - SIJ

Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominus Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Tensor Fascia Latae Pectineus Semitend inosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus I l iocostalis Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Trapezius Splenius Cervi cis Levator Scapulae Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)


Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis


I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum

1 83

C hains containing the Il iopsoas M uscle

associated muscles

Quadratus Lumborum

Quadratus Lumborum

Gluteus Maximus

Quadratus Lumborum

Pectineus

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius

Gluteus Maximus

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

Tensor Fasciae Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadratus Lumborum Pectineus Gluteus Maximus


Gluteus Medius back - S IJ Iliopsoas

Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) I l iopsoas

back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius I l iopsoas Longissimus Thoracis

back - sacral I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Adductor Brevis

hip - anterior Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus I l iopsoas I l iopsoas

thigh - anterior Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis


I l iocostal is Thoracis back - sacral Longissimus Thoracis

I l iopsoas I l iopsoas

buttock Multifidus I l iopsoas Multifidus

1 84

Infraspinatus (C4-C6)

Chains starting from the Infraspinatus

associated muscles

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - lateral

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - lateral

Teres Major Teres Minor Deltoideus (Anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis Pectoralis Major


Biceps Brachii Deltoideus Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Teres Major Deltoideus Supraspinatus Subscapularis Pectoralis Major


Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres M inor Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

1 85

C hains containing the Infraspinatus M uscle

associated muscles

Deltoideus

Supraspinatus

Supraspinatus

Teres M inor

Subscapularis

Deltoideus

Supraspinatus

Deltoideus

Subscapularis

Rhomboideus Major

Rhomboideus Minor

Teres Minor Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Deltoideus


Biceps Brachii Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major

shoulder - anterior (clavicular) Supraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Deltoideus Infraspinatus Trapezius Deltoideus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major

shoulder - posterior Deltoideus Infraspinatus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Major Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Infraspinatus

shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Infraspinatus Teres Major Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus

back - mid-thoracic Trapezius Infraspinatus Trapezius

1 86


Deltoideus Supraspinatus arm - posterior Latissimus Dorsi

Infraspinatus Supraspinatus elbow - Infraspinatus

epicondylus lateral is Deltoideus Triceps Brachii(caput

Subscapularis hand - wrist - radial longum) Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis hand - dorsal side Infraspinatus & wrist Triceps Brachii

1 87

Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 (fingers) (CB

T1 )

Chains starting from the I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2

associated muscles

fingers - dorsal

fingers - dorsal

Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is M inor Pectoral is Major Scalenus Triceps Brachii Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi U lnaris Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Indicis


Scalenus Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)


Latissimus Dorsi . Triceps Brachii

1 88

Flexor Poll icis Longus Extensor Indicis

Chains containing the Interosseus Dorsalis 1 & 2 Muscle

associated muscles Adductor Pollicis


Interosseus Dorsalis Opponens Poll icis hand - wrist - radial 1 & 2

Adductor Poll icis Interosseus Dorsalis 1

Opponens Pollicis fingers - volar Adductor Pollicis

1 89

Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes) (51 -52)

C hains containing the Interosseus Dorsalis 1 (toes) Muscle

associated muscles

Abductor Hal lucis


Flexor Hallucis Longus

Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Abductor Hallucis


Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hallucis Flexor Digitorum Brevis

foot - plantar Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Hallucis Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Flexor Digitorum Brevis Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hal lucis Brevis Interosseus Dorsalis 1

1 90

Latissimus Dorsi (C6-C8)

Chains starting from the Latissimus Dorsi

associated muscles

back - mid-thoracic

back - low-thoracic

Teres Major Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Rectus Abdominus (upper) Subscapularis I l iocostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior


I l iosostal is Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior l I iosostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior

Chains containing the Latissimus Dorsi M uscle

associated muscles

1 91

l I iosostal is Thoracis Triceps Brachii Teres Minor Teres Major Supraspinatus Subscapularis Serratus Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis I nfraspinatus I l iocostal is Lumborum Deltoideus


Latissimus Dorsi I l iocostalis Thoracis back - low-thoracic Serratus Posterior

Inferior Latissimus Dorsi

I l iocostalis Thoracis Serratus Posterior Superior

back - mid-thoracic Latissimus Dorsi Multifidus(back) Serratus Posterior

Superior Serratus Anterior Latissimus Dorsi

Scalenus


Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi

Multifidus (back) Serratus Posterior Inferior

back - lumbar Latissimus Dorsi Longissimus Thoracis Serratus Posterior

Inferior Latissimus Dorsi

I l iocostal is Thoracis Serratus Posterior I nferior Latissimus Dorsi

I nfraspinatus shoulder - anterior Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoralis Major

Teres Minor shoulder - posterior Latissimus Dorsi Biceps Brachii Deltoideus

Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor

Supraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi

Teres Minor Deltoideus

Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor

1 92

Teres Major Triceps Brachii Teres M inor

arm - posterior Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus

Supraspinatus Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis hand - wrist - u lnar Pectoral is Major Triceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Teres Minor

Subscapularis hand - dorsal side Triceps Brachii (caput & wrist longum)

Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi

I nterosseus Dorsalis fingers - dorsal Triceps Brachii 1 & 2 Flexor Pollicis Longus

Extensor Indicis

1 93

Levator Ani (53-55)

Chains containing the Levator Ani Muscle



Gluteus Minimus (posterior part)

Piriformis buttock Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Levator Ani

Piriformis back - sacral Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

1 94

Levator Scapulae (C4-C5)

Chains starting from the Levator Scapulae

associated muscles Splenius Cervicis Scalenus

Chains containing the Levator Scapulae M uscle

associated muscles

Multifidus (neck)

Trapezius

Rhomboideus Minor

Trapezius

Rhomboideus Minor

Trapezius

Trapezius Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Mu ltifidus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor


Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis

neck - posterior Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ,2 ,3) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Levator Scapulae

back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)


back - mid-thoracic Trapezius Levator Scapulae

shoulder - posterior Levator Scapulae Scalenus

1 95

Longissimus Thoracis (C2-LS)

Chains starting from the Longissimus Thoracis

associated muscles

back - lumbar

Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior



Chains containing the Longissimus Thoracis Muscle

associated muscles

1 96

Gluteus Maximus Serratus Posterior Inferior Serratus Posterior Superior


Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus

Thoracis I l iopsoas

back - sacral Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus

I l iopsoas Thoracis Gluteus Medius I l iocostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus

I l iopsoas back - SIJ Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus

I l iopsoas back - lumbar Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Gluteus Min imis Semitendinosus

Gluteus Maximus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum

buttock Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum

Semitendinosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum

Semimembranosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis

1 97


I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas back - lumbar Longissimus

Thoracis Longissimus

I l iopsoas back - SIJ Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum I liocostalis Thoracis

Gluteus Maximus back - sacral Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas

1 98

Masseter

Chains starting from the Masseter

associated muscles

ear - TMJ

head - frontal

head - lateral

face - upper cheek

face - lower cheek

eye

Temporal is Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus Digastricus PteryQoideus Lateral is


Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Medialis Pterygoideus Lateral is Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus Temporal is Sternocleidomastoideus


Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal ) Temporalis (3 anterior TPs) Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporal is (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal)

1 99

C hains containing the Masseter Muscle

associated muscles

Digastricus

Sternocleidomastoideus

Temporal is



Temporal is


Temporalis


Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus DiQastricus


teeth Masseter Temporalis Masseter

eye Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus

head - frontal Masseter Occipitofrontal is Temporalis Trapezius Masseter Occipitofrontalis

head - lateral Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Masseter

- -


face - upper cheek Masseter Temporalis

teeth Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus

head - lateral Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP)

200

Multifidus (neck) (C3-S4)

Chains starting from the Multifidus (neck)

associated muscles

neck - posterior

Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis


Chains containing the M ultifidus (neck) Muscle

associated muscles Suboccipital

201

Multifidus (back) (C3-S4)

C hains starting from the M ultifidus (back)

associated muscles

back - mid-thoracic

back - lumbar

Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum Serratus Posterior I nferior Serratus Posterior Superior


Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Su erior



Chains containing the M ultifidus (back) M uscle

associated muscles I Serratus Posterior Superior


Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum

Semitendinosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis

buttock Multifidus Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum

Semimembranosus I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus

202


Semitendinosus I l iopsoas buttock Multifidus

Semimembranosus I l iopsoas Multifidus Biceps Femoris Multifidus

Semitendinosus Quadriceps Femoris thigh - posterior Vastus Lateralis

Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Multifidus

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is

203

Obliquus Externus Abdominis (T5-T1 2)

C hains starting from the Obliquus Externus Abdominus

associated muscles

groin

hip - anterior

abdomen

Rectus Abdominis Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Gracilis Pectineus


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Pectineus


Rectus Abdominis Adductor Ma nus

C hains containing the Obliquus Externus Abdominus Muscle

associated muscles

Rectus Abdominus

Rectus Abdominis Quadratus Lumborum


Obliquus Externus abdomen Abdominis

Adductor Magnus

204

Obturatorius Internus (L 1 -L4)

Chains containing the Obturatorius Externus M uscle


205

Occi pitofrontal is

C hains containing the Occipitofrontalis Muscle


Trapezius (TP1 ) Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis

Occipitofrontalis Masseter

head - lateral Temporalis Trapezius Trapezius

(contralateral , TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Masseter

Sternocleidomastoideus head - frontal Occipitofrontalis Temporalis


Trapezius Trapezius head - occipital (contralateral)

Temporal is Occipitofrontalis

206

Opponens Pollicis (C6-C7)

Chains starting from the Opponens Pollicis

associated muscles


fingers - volar

I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Poll icis


I nterosseus Dorsalis 1 Adductor Poll icis Interosseus Dorsal is 1 Adductor Poll icis

Chains containing the Opponens Pollicis M uscle

associated muscles Adductor Poll icis

207

Orbicularis Oculi

Chains containing the Orbicularis Oculi M uscle

associated muscles Sternocleidomastoideus


Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus eye Splenius Cervi cis (sternal) (UTP)

Orbicularis Oculi

208

Palmaris Longus (CB-T1 )

Chains starting from the Palmaris Longus

associated muscles



Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Poll icis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi U lnaris



Flexor Poll icis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is & Profundus

Chains containing the Palmaris Longus Muscle

associated muscles Supinator

209

Pectineus (L2-L4)

C hains starting from the Pectineus

associated muscles

groin

hip - anterior

Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is I l iopsoas


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus

Chains containing the Pectineus Muscle

associated muscles Obliquus Externus Abdominis I l iopsoas Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus

. Adductor Brevis

2 1 0


Adductor Brevis Obliquus Externus Adductor Longus Abdominus Adductor Magnus


Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus hip - anterior Pectineus



Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus Adductor Brevis



Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus groin Pectineus



Adductor Magnus Adductor Brevis Pectineus


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus thigh - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Pectineus

21 1

Pectoralis Major (C5-T1 )

Chains starting from the Pectoralis Major

associated muscles

thorax - anterior

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - lateral

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - lateral

Deltoideus (anterior part) Coracobrachialis Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Serratus Anterior Rhomboidei Trapezius (middle part) Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus (posterior part)


Scalenus Sternalis Coracobrachial is Deltoideus Scalenus Coracobrachialis Deltoideus Scalenus Subscapularis


Sternalis Subscapularis Teres Minor Deltoideus

elbow - epicondylus medialis Sternalis Serratus Anterior

2 1 2

- -

Chains containing the Pectoralis Major Muscle

associated muscles

Pectoral is Minor

Scalenus

Deltoideus

Infraspinatus

Scalenus

Pectoralis M inor

I nfraspinatus

Trapezius Subscapularis Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus Rhomboideus Minor Rhomboideus Major Pectoral is Minor Infraspinatus Deltoideus


Pectoralis Major Sternalis

thorax - anterior Scalenus Pectoralis Major Pectoral is M inor Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal)

shoulder - anterior Supraspinatus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoral is Minor Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Teres Major Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Subscapularis

2 1 3

Teres Major Infraspinatus

Subscapularis Deltoideus Pectoralis Major (clavicular & sternal)

shoulder - lateral Deltoideus Pectoralis M inor Pectoralis Major

(clavicular & sternal) Scalenus Pectoralis Major

Scalenus (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor


Teres Major Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis shoulder - anterior Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor Pectoralis Major Sternalis Brachialis

Scalenus arm - anterior Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis hand - wrist - ulnar Triceps Brachii Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis M inor Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major

Sternal is thorax - anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major

2 1 4

Pectoralis Minor (C6-C8)

Chains starting from the Pectoralis Minor

associated muscles

thorax - anterior

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - lateral

shoulder - anterior

thorax - anterior

Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior part) Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Sternalis


Pectoral is Major Sternalis Scalenus Deltoideus , Pectoral is Major Scalenus Deltoideus , .

, Pectoral is Major Scalenus


Pectoral is Major Sternal is Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major

Chains containing the Pectoralis Minor M uscle

associated muscles

2 1 5

Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis


Scalenus thorax - anterior Pectoral is Major Pectoralis Minor

Scalenus shoulder - anterior Pectoral is Major Pectoralis Minor

Scalenus shoulder - lateral Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor


Brachialis Scalenus arm - anterior Pectoral is Major

Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis

Scalenus hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Pectoralis Minor Triceps Brachii

2 1 6

Peroneus Brevis (L5-S1 )

Chains starting from the Peroneus Brevis

associated muscles Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus


ankle - malleolus - externus Peroneus Longus Gluteus Minimus

Chains containing the Peroneus Brevis Muscle

associated muscles

Peroneus Longus

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Tertius Tibialis Posterior Extensor Hal lucis Longus


ankle -malleolus - extern us


foot - dorsal

leg - lateral

2 1 7

Peroneus Brevis Gluteus Minimus

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Longus (L5-S1 )

Chains starting from the Peroneus Longus

associated muscles Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibial is Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus M inimus


ankle - malleolus - extern us Peroneus Brevis Gluteus Minimus

C hains containing the Peroneus Longus Muscle

associated muscles Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Tibialis Posterior Tibial is Anterior Gluteus Minimus

. Extensor Hal lucis LonQus

2 1 8

Peroneus Brevis


Extensor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Tertius

Gluteus Minimus


ankle -malleolus - extern us


foot - dorsal

leg - lateral

2 1 9

Peroneus Longus Gluteus Minimus

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Tertius (L5-S1 )

Chains starting from the Peroneus Tertius

associated muscles

leg - lateral

Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Extensor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius Soleus Gluteus Minimus


Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Lon us

Chains containing the Peroneus Tertius Muscle

associated muscles


Extensor Hal lucis Longus

Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Longus Plantaris Extensor Hal lucis Longus


Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis

foot - dorsal Peroneus Tertius Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius

220

Piriformis (L5-S2)

Chains starting from the Piriformis

associated muscles

back - sacral

buttock

Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus


Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus (posterior part) Levator Ani Coccygeus Gluteus Maximus

Chains containing the Piriformis Muscle

associated muscles

221

Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius


Gluteus Medius back - sacral Gluteus Maximus Piriformis Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae

hip - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Piriformis

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis

Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus

buttock Tensor Fascia latae Piriformis



Piriformis Gluteus Minimus leg - posterior (calf) Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Lateral is

222

Plantaris (51 -52)

Chains starting from the Plantaris

associated muscles

knee - posterior

Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibialis Posterior Flexor Hal lucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius


Gastrocnemius Gluteus Minimus Soleus

Chains containing the Plantaris M uscle

associated muscles

Popliteus

Popliteus


knee - posterior

223

Gastrocnemius Plantaris

Popliteus

Popliteus

Popliteus (L4-S1 )

C hains starting from the Popliteus



224


Pronator Teres (C6-C7)

Chains starting from the Pronator Teres

associated muscles



Flexor Carpi Radial is Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Superficialis & Profundus Flexor Poll icis Longus



225

Flexor Carpi Radialis Flexor Pol l i lcis Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficial is

Pterygoideus Lateralis

Chains containing the Pterygoideus Lateralis Muscle

associated muscles

Masseter

Masseter

Temporal is Masseter


Sternocleidomastoideus ear - TMJ Pterygoideus Medialis

Pterygoideus Lateralis


Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medial is

face - upper cheek Sternocleidomastoideus (sternal) Temporal is (3 anterior TPs)

226

Pterygoideus Medialis

Chains containing the Pterygoideus Medialis Muscle

associated muscles

Masseter

Masseter

Temporal is Masseter


Sternocleidomastoideus ear - TMJ Pterygoideus Medialis

Pterygoideus Lateral is


Sternocieidomastoideus face - upper cheek Pterygoideus Medialis

Pterygoideus Lateral is Temporalis

227

Quadratus Lumborum (T1 2-L4)

C hains starting from the Quadratus Lumborum

associated muscles

back - lumbar

back - sacral

back - SIJ

buttock

back - lumbar

back - SIJ

Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas I l iocostal is Lumborum Obliquus Externus Abdominus Latissimus Dorsi Gluteus Medius Gluteus M inimus


I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Gluteus Medius Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iopsoas Gluteus Medius I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) Quadratus Lumborum (other side) I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus


I l iocostal is Lumborum Latissimus Dorsi Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral) I l iocostal is Lumborum

228

Chains containing the Quadratus Lumborum Muscle

associated muscles

Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas

Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas

Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas

I l iopsoas Multifidus (back) I l iocostal is Thoracis Gluteus Minimus Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Lumborum


Gluteus Medius I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum (contralateral )

back - SIJ Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius · Longissimus Thoracis I liopsoas Quadratus Lumborum(other side) Gluteus Medius

back - sacral Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Longissimus Thoracis I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum(other side) Gluteus Medius

back - lumbar Quadratus Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Gluteus Medius Rectus Abdominus I l iocostal is Thoracis

229

Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae

h ip - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Gluteus Medius

Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum (other side) Quadratus Lumborum (other side)

Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostalis Lumborum Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum

Semitendinosus I l iocostalis Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis

buttock Multifidus Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum

Semimembranosus I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus Piriformis



Quadratus Lumborum Quadratus Lumborum back - SIJ (contralateral )

I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iopsoas hip - anterior Quadratus Lumborum

Rectus Abdominus

230

Quadratus Plantae (51 -52)

Chains containing the Quadratus Plantae Muscle

associated muscles Abductor Hal lucis


Quadratus Plantae Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Abductor Hal lucis foot - plantar Flexor Digitorum Brevis Interossei Dorsalis 1 Adductor Hal lucis

231

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris (L2-L4)

Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas

knee -anterior

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Sartorius


Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris M uscle

associated muscles

232

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Tensor Fascia Latae Sartorius I l iopsoas Gluteus Maximus


Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris

knee - anterior Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Lateral is


Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis thigh - anterior Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis knee - medial Rectus Femoris

Sartorius

233

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus

Intermedius (L2-L4)

Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius

associated muscles

thigh - anterior

thigh - anterior

I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius


I l iopsoas Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis


Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius M uscle

associated muscles

234

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis (L2-L4)

Chains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

associated muscles I l iopsoas

knee -anterior

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius


Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis M uscle

associated muscles Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris

235


Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus hip - lateral Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Tensor Fasciae Latae

Gluteus Minimus thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris

Biceps Femoris knee - posterior Vastus Lateralis Gastrocnemius Quadriceps Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris

knee - anterior Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris

Rectus Femoris


Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris

Semitendinosus Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris

thigh - posterior Vastus Lateralis Biceps Femoris

Semimembranosus Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris

Gluteus Minimus leg - lateral Vastus Lateralis Peroneus Longus Piriformis

Gluteus Minimus leg - posterior (calf) Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

236

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis (L2-L4)

C hains starting from the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus M edialis

associated muscles I l iopsoas

knee -anterior

knee - medial

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Sartorius



Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Sartorius

Chains containing the Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis M uscle

associated muscles Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Sartorius Adductor Longus Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus

237


I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris Sartorius Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris

thigh - anterior Vast us Medialis Adductor Magnus

Sartorius Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus

Sartorius thigh - medial Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Longus

Adductor Brevis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis

Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis

knee - anterior Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris

Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis

238


Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus

Sartorius Femoris Vastus thigh - anterior Quadriceps Medialis

Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus

Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Pectineus Adductor Brevis

Adductor Magnus Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris

thigh - medial Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis

Sartorius Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis

239

Rectus Abdominus (T5-T1 2)

C hains starting from the Rectus Abdominus

associated muscles Obliquus Externus Abdominus Adductor Longus

abdomen

Adductor Brevis Adductor Magnus Graci l is


Obliquus Externus Abdominis Adductor Ma nus

C hains containing the Rectus Abdominus Muscle

associated muscles

240

I l iopsoas Latissimus Dorsi


l I iosostal is Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi back - low-thoracic Rectus Abdominus

Serratus Posterior inferior Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas back - lumbar Gluteus Medius Longissimus Thoracis I l iocostalis Thoracis Rectus Abdominus

I l iopsoas back - SIJ Quadratus Lumborum Gluteus Medius LonQissimus Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Quadratus Lumborum

I l iopsoas back - sacral Gluteus Medius Gluteus Maximus Lonqissimus Thoracis


Obliquus Externus abdomen Rectus Abdominus Abdominus Adductor MaQnus I l iopsoas hip - anterior Quadratus Lumborum

Rectus Abdominus

241

Rhomboideus Major (T1 -T4)

Chains starting from the Rhomboideus Major

associated muscles

back - mid-thoracic

Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor


Chains containing the Rhomboideus Major Muscle

associated muscles

Trapezius

Serratus Posterior Superior

Trapezius

Trapezius Rhomboideus Minor Pectoral is Major Serratus Posterior Superior


Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major

back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Scalenus Rhomboideus Major

back - mid-thoracic I l iocostal is Thoracis Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)

242

Rhomboideus Minor (C4-C5)

Chains starting from the Rhomboideus Minor

associated muscles

back - high-thoracic

back - mid-thoracic

back - mid-thoracic

Levator Scapulae Trapezius Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor


Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Trapezius (TP4) Infraspinatus


Trapezius (TP3-5) Levator Sca u lae

Chains containing the Rhomboideus Minor M uscle

associated muscles

Trapezius

Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Pectoral is Major Serratus Posterior Superior



back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral)

243

Sartorius lL 1 -L3)

Chains starting from the Sartorius

associated muscles

hip - anterior

thigh - medial

thigh - anterior

thigh - medial

thigh - anterior

Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Gracilis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Magnus Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis


Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Adductor Brevis Adductor Longus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris

Chains containing the Sartorius M uscle

associated muscles

244

Graci l is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Tensor Fasciae Latae


I l iopsoas Quadriceps Femoris thigh - anterior Sartorius Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Medialis


Quadriceps Femoris Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis knee - medial Rectus Femoris

Sartorius

245

Scalenus (C4-C8)

Chains starting from the Scalenus

associated muscles

shoulder - anterior

shoulder - lateral



Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP2,3) Splenius Capitis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Brachialis Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)


Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoral is Minor Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Pectoralis Minor Brachialis Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis


back - high-thoracic Trapezius Triceps Brachii

arm - anterior Brachialis Pectoral is Major Pectoral is M inor Triceps Brachii

hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus

hand - dorsal side & wrist Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii

246

hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Triceps Brachii Pectoral is Minor Extensor DiQitorum (rinQ finQer)

thorax - anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoralis Major

Chains containing the Scalenus M uscle

associated muscles

Trapezius

Serratus Anterior

Serratus Posterior Superior

Trapezius

Pectoralis Minor

Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Pectoralis Major Pectoral is Minor Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Levator Scapulae Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior



back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Scalenus

back - mid-thoracic Rhomboideus Major I l iocostal is Thoracis Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Pectoral is Major Sternal is

thorax - anterior Scalenus

247

Pectoral is Major Scalenus Sternalis Deltoideus (anterior)

Pectoral is M inor Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal)

shoulder - anterior Scalenus Coracobrachialis

Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus Coracobrachialis

Pectoral is Major Deltoideus (anterior) Scalenus

shoulder - lateral Subscapularis Deltoideus (anterior)

Pectoral is Minor Scalenus Pectoral is Major

Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Rad ialis Longus hand - wrist - radial Brevis

Scalenus Scalenus Extensor Digitorum

Interosseus Dorsalis fingers - dorsal (middle finger) Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)


Serratus Posterior Scalenus Superior shoulder - posterior I l iocostal is Thoracis Trapezius Levator Scapulae

Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis hand - wrist - radial Longus

Scalenus Extensor Carpi Radialis Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis hand - dorsal side Longus

& wrist Scalenus Serratus Anterior thorax - anterior Sternocleidomastoideus

Scalenus

248

Semimembranosus (L5-S2)

Chains starting from the Semimembranosus

associated muscles

buttock

thigh - posterior

buttock

Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medial is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Intermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semitend inosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus


Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus


Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is I l iopsoas Multifidus

249

Chains containing the Semimembranosus Muscle

associated muscles

Gluteus Maximus

Semitendinosus

Biceps Femoris

Gastrocnemius

Biceps Femoris Semitendinosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius


Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis

buttock I l iocostal is Lumborum Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus


knee - posterior Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

leg - posterior (calf) Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus

250

Semispinalis Capitis (C3-C6)

Chains starting from the Semispinalis Capitis

associated muscles

head - lateral

Levator Scapulae Semispinalis Cervicis Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck)


Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus

Chains containing the Semispinalis Capitis M uscle

associated muscles


Semispinalis Capitis Suboccipital head - lateral Sternocleidomastoideus

(Sternal) Trapezius (TP1)


Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis head - occipital Sternocleidomastoideus

Splenius Cervicis

251

Semispinalis Cervi cis (C3-C6)

Chains starting from the Semispinalis Cervicis

associated muscles

head - occipital

Multifidus (neck) Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Levator Scapulae Sternocleidomastoideus


Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis

Chains containing the Semispinalis Cervicis Muscle

associated muscles

252

Semitendinosus (L5-S2)

Chains starting from the Semitendinosus

associated muscles

buttock

buttock

thigh - posterior

Adductor Magnus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateral is Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Medialis Quadriceps Femoris Vastus I ntermedius Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris Gastrocnemius Semimembranosus Biceps Femoris I l iopsoas Quadratus Lumborum Rectus Abdominis I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus


Semimembranosus Quadratus Lumborum I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus


I l iopsoas Multifidus Biceps Femoris Multifidus Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

253

Chains containing the Semitendinosus Muscle

associated muscles

Gluteus Maximus

Semimembranosus

Biceps Femoris

Gastrocnemius

Biceps Femoris Semimembranosus Gluteus Maximus Gastrocnemius


Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimis Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Longissimus Thoracis

buttock I l iocostalis Lumborum Semitendinosus Quadratus Lumborum Il iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus


knee - posterior Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Semitendinosus

leg - posterior (calf) Biceps Femoris Flexor Digitorum Longus

254

Serratus Anterior (C5-C7)

Chains starting from the Serratus Anterior

associated muscles

back - mid-thoracic

thorax - anterior

Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus


Latissimus Dorsi Scalenus


Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus

Chains containing the Serratus Anterior Muscle

associated muscles

Latissimus Dorsi

Pectoralis Major

Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Ma'or


back - mid-thoracic


elbow -epicondylus medialis

255

I l iosostalis Thoracis Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior

Sternalis Serratus Anterior

Serratus Posterior Inferior (T9-T12)

associated muscles

Chains starting from the Serratus Posterior Inferior

C hains containing the Serratus Posterior Inferior Muscle

associated muscles

I l iocostal is Thoracis

Latissimus Dorsi

Multifidus (back)

Longissimus Thoracis


I l iocostal is Thoracis I l iocostal is Lumborum Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus (back) Latissimus Dorsi


Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior

back - low-thoracic l I iosostal is Thoracis Rectus Abdominus Serratus Posterior inferior


Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi

back - lumbar Serratus Posterior Inferior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Inferior

256

Serratus Posterior Superior (T1 -T4)

associated muscles

back - mid-thoracic

Chains starting from the Serratus Posterior Superior

Scalenus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor I l iocostal is Thoracis Longissimus Thoracis Multifidus(neck)


Scalenus Rhomboideus Major I l iocostal is Thoracis

Chains containing the Serratus Posterior Superior Muscle

associated muscles


Latissimus Dorsi

Multifidus(back)

Multifidus (back) Longissimus Thoracis Latissimus Dorsi I l iocostal is Lumborum I l iocostal is Thoracis


Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior I l iosostal is Thoracis

back - mid-thoracic Serratus Anterior Serratus Posterior Superior Latissimus Dorsi Serratus Posterior Superior

257

associated muscles



foot - plantar

Soleus (51 -52)

Chains starting from the Soleus

Gastrocnemius Tibialis Posterior Hallucis Longus Flexor Digitorum Longus Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Tertius


Gluteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior Gastrocnemius


Flexor Digitorum Longus Gastrocnemius Flexor Digitorum Longus Tibialis Posterior

C hains containing the Soleus Muscle

associated muscles

258

Gastrocnemius Plantaris Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius


Soleus Gastrocnemius leg - posterior (calf) Gluteus Minimus

Tibialis Posterior Flexor Digitorum

Gastrocnemius foot - plantar Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Soleus


Gastrocnemius Plantaris knee - posterior Gluteus Minimus

Soleus

259

Splenius Capitis (C1 -C8)

Chains starting from the Splenius Capitis

associated muscles Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital

Chains containing the Splenius Capitis Muscle

associated muscles Splenius Cervicis . Suboccipital

Scalenus

260

Splenius Cervi cis (C1 -C8)

Chains starting from the Splenius Cervicis

associated muscles

eye

neck - posterior

Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius Splenius Capitis S u bocci pita I


Suboccipital Trapezius (TP1 ) Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)

Chains containing the Splenius Cervicis M uscle

associated muscles

261

Splen ius Capitis Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Multifidus (neck) Levator Scapulae


Multifidus(neck) neck - posterior Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervicis Masseter

Sternocleidomastoideus eye Splenius Cervicis Orbicularis Ocul i


Semispinalis Capitis Splenius Cervicis head - lateral Sternocleidomastoideus

Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis

Semispinalis Cervi cis Sternocleidomastoideus head - occipital Splenius Cervicis

Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis

Trapezius

262

Sternalis

Chains starting from the Sternalis

associated muscles

thorax - anterior

Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Ma"or


Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Ma"or

Chains containing the Sternalis Muscle

associated muscles

Pectoralis Minor

Pectoralis Major

Pectoral is Major

Pectoral is Minor

Pectoralis Major

Pectoral is Major Pectoral is Minor


Pectoral is Major Sternalis

thorax - anterior Scalenus Scalenus Sternalis


Sternalis shoulder - anterior Subscapularis

Pectoral is Major Sternalis

elbow - Sternalis epicondylus medialis Serratus Anterior

263

Sternocleidomastoideus (C1 -C2)

C hains starting from the Sternocleidomastoideus

associated muscles

eye

head - lateral

head - frontal

eye

head - occipital

face - upper cheek

Scalenus Trapezius Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervi cis Pectoralis Major Masseter Temporal is Orbicularis Ocul i Occipitofrontalis


Masseter Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Orbicularis Oculi Trapezius (TP1 ) Temporalis Occi p itofronta I is Masseter Masseter Occipitofrontal is Temporalis


Temporalis (anterior TP) Trapezius (TP1) Splenius Cervi cis Temporalis Trapezius (TP1 ,2 ,3) Masseter Temporal is

264

Chains containing the Sternocleidomastoideus Muscle

associated muscles

Masseter

Suboccipital

Temporal is

Temporal is

Masseter

Masseter

Splenius Cervicis Pectoral is Major Masseter Temporal is Suboccipital Sternalis Splenius Capitis Serratus Anterior Scalenus Pectoral is M inor Multifidus (neck)


Sternocleidomastoideus ear - TMJ Pterygoideus Medial is

Pterygoideus Lateralis Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal )

head - lateral Trapezius (TP1) Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus

head - frontal Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus

265


Masseter face - lower cheek Digastricus Sternocleidomastoideus Pterygoideus Lateral is

Masseter face - upper cheek Pterygoideus Medialis Temporalis (3 ant TPs) Sternocleidomastoideus

Masseter eye Temporal is (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus

Temporalis teeth Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Semispinalis Capitis

Semispinalis Cervi cis head - occipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis

Semispinalis Capitis head - lateral Splenius Cervicis (UTP) Sternocleidomastoideus

Splenius Cervi cis neck - posterior Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus

Pectoral is Minor Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major

Sternalis Sternocleidomastoideus thorax - anterior Pectoralis Major

Scalenus Sternocleidomastoideus Pectoral is Major

Serratus Anterior Sternocleidomastoideus Scalenus

266

Suboccipital (C1 )

C hains starting from the Suboccipital

associated muscles

head - lateral

Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Semispinalis Capitis Semispinalis Cervicis Levator Scapulae Multifidus (neck)


Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal ) Trapezius (TP1)

Chains containing the Suboccipital Muscle

associated muscles

Splenius Cervicis

Splenius Cervicis

Splenius Capitis Splenius Cervicis Trapezius


eye Suboccipital Trapezius (TP1) Suboccipital

neck - posterior Sternocleidomastoideus (Sternal)

267

Subscapularis (C5-C8)

Chains starting from the Subscapularis

associated muscles


shoulder - lateral

Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Deltoideus (posterior)


Deltoideus Teres Major Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Teres Major Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus Deltoideus


shoulder - lateral Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus

hand - dorsal side & wrist Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Triceps Brachii

hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus

hand - wrist - ulnar Latissimus Dorsi Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii

268

- -

Chains containing the Subscapu laris M uscle

associated muscles

Teres Major

Teres Minor

Teres Major

Infraspinatus

Pectoral is Major

Infraspinatus

Pectoral is Major

Pectoral is Major Teres Major Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi Infraspinatus


Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum)

shoulder - posterior Deltoideus Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major Infraspinatus Deltoideus Subscapularis Deltoideus Subscapularis

shoulder - lateral Teres Major Supraspinatus Pectoralis Major Deltoideus Subscapularis Coracobrachialis Scalenus


Latissimus Dorsi Subscapularis

shoulder - anterior Teres Major Pectoral is Major Sternalis Subscapularis

269

Supinator (CS-C6)

C hains starting from the Supinator

associated muscles Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Anconeus Brachial is Biceps Brachi i Palmaris Longus


elbow - epicondylus lateralis Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Triceps Brachii

e lbow - olecranon Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Triceps Brachii

hand - dorsal side & wrist Brachialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus

hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radial is Brevis Brachialis


elbow - antecubital Brachial is Biceps Brachii

hand - dorsal side & wrist Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus

hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Scalenus

Chains containing the Supinator Muscle

associated muscles Triceps Brachii Extensor Indicis Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Extensor Digitorum (middle finger) Brachioradial is Brachial is

. Biceps Brachii Anconeus

270

Triceps Brachii

Anconeus

Brachioradialis

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger)

Tric8ps Brachi i

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

Extensor Indicis

Brachialis

Brachioradialis

Extensor Indicis

Biceps Brachii


Anconeus Brachioradial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradialis Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii

elbow - Extensor Carpi Radial is epicondylus lateral is Longus

Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Supinator Triceps Brachii Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Supinator Supinator

elbow - olecranon Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Brachioradial is Supinator Adductor Poll icis

hand - wrist - radial Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Supinator Supinator Brachi,oradial is Brachioradial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radial is

hand - dorsal side Brevis & wrist Supinator

Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Supinator


elbow - antecubital

271

Supinator Brachialis

Supraspinatus (C4-C6)

Chains starting from the Supraspinatus

associated muscles

shoulder - anterior


shoulder - lateral

shoulder - lateral

I nfraspinatus Trapezius (upper & middle part) Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi


Deltoideus Infraspinatus Trapezius Deltoideus Deltoideus Infraspinatus


Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi

elbow - epicondylus lateral is Infraspinatus Deltoideus

Chains containing the Supraspinatus Muscle

associated muscles

272

Trapezius Teres M inor Infraspinatus Deltoideus Coracobrachial is Biceps Brachii


Coracobrachial is Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior)

Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii

Coracobrachial is Deltoideus (anterior) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii I nfraspinatus

Deltoideus shoulder - anterior Pectoral is Major (clavicular) Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii Deltoideus (anterior)

Infraspinatus Pectoral is Major (clavicular & sternal) Supraspinatus Supraspinatus

Trapezius Trapezius (contralateral) Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis

Teres Minor Supraspinatus Teres Major

shoulder - posterior Infraspinatus Supraspinatus Teres Major

Deltoideus Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus


Coracobrachial is Deltoideus shoulder - lateral Supraspinatus


Teres Major Subscapularis Pectoral is Major

273


Deltoideus Coracobrachialis arm - posterior Supraspinatus

Triceps Brachii Brachial is

Biceps Brachii arm - anterior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus

Coracobrachialis forearm - dorsal Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

Coracobrachialis hand - wrist - radial Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

274

Temporalis

Chains starting from the Temporalis

associated muscles

head - lateral

head - frontal

Masseter (other side) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medial is Trapezius Sternocleidomastoideus


Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter

Chains containing the Temporalis M uscle

associated muscles

275

Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter Trapezius Digastricus


Masseter Digastricus teeth Temporalis

Digastricus Masseter Temporalis Trapezius (TP1 )

Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis Masseter

head - lateral Temporalis Trapezius Trapezius (contralateral ,

TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis

Masseter Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter

Sternocleidomastoideus Occipitofrontalis head - frontal Temporalis

Masseter Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus


Temporalis (anterior TP) Sternocleidomastoideus

Masseter eye (sternal) Temporalis (anterior TP)

Sternocleidomastoideus Trapezius (TP1) Pterygoideus Lateralis Pterygoideus Medialis

Masseter Sternocleidomastoideus face - upper cheek (sternal)

Temporalis Sternocleidomastoideus Masseter

Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral)

Trapezius Temporal is head - occipital Occipitofrontalis

Splenius Cervicis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis

Trapezius (TP1 ,2,3)

276

Tensor Fasciae Latae (L4-S1 )

Chains starting from the Tensor Fascia L atae

associated muscles Gluteus Minimus (anterior part) Quadriceps Femoris Rectus Femoris I l iopsoas Sartorius

Chains containing the Tensor Fascia Latae Muscle

associated muscles

Gluteus Minimus

Glulteus Medius

Gluteus Medius

Gluteus Minimus

I l iopsoas Gluteus Minimus Gluteus Medius


. Tensor Fasciae Latae thigh - lateral Quadriceps Femoris

Vastus Lateral is Piriformis

buttock Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia latae Piriformis Gluteus Maximus Tensor Fascia Latae Piriformis

hip - lateral Gluteus Maximus Gluteus Medius Quadratus Lumborum Tensor Fascia Latae Quadriceps Femoris Vastus Lateralis

277

Teres Major (C6-C7)

Chains starting from the Teres Major

associated muscles


shoulder - lateral

shoulder - lateral

arm - lateral

Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Minor Subscapularis


Deltoideus Subscapularis Teres Minor Triceps Brachii (caput Longum) Deltoideus Subscapularis


Deltoideus Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus Teres Minor Triceps Brachii

Chains containing the Teres Major Muscle

associated muscles

278

Triceps Brachii Teres Minor Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi I nfraspinatus Deltoideus


Deltoideus Subscapularis

Teres M inor Supraspinatus Teres Major I nfraspinatus Deltoideus Teres Major Teres Minor

Subscapularis Triceps Brachii (caput shoulder - posterior longum)

Infraspinatus Triceps Brachii Teres Major

Teres Minor Supraspinatus Teres Major

Deltoideus Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus Deltoideus Teres Major

Infraspinatus Pectoralis Major Subscapularis

shoulder - lateral Supraspinatus Deltoideus

Subscapularis Teres Major Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus


Pectoral is Major Infraspinatus shoulder - anterior Subscapularis

Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Latissimus Dorsi

Triceps Brachii arm - posterior Teres Major Teres Minor

279

Teres Minor (C5-C6)

C hains starting from the Teres M inor

associated muscles



Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis Supraspinatus Biceps Brachii


Deltoideus (posterior) Subscapularis Supraspinatus Teres Major


Biceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi

Chains containing the Teres Minor Muscle

associated muscles

280

Teres Major Triceps Brachii Subscapularis ,Pectoralis Major Infraspinatus


Deltoideus Subscapularis

Teres Major Teres M inor Triceps Brachii (caput LonQum) Deltoideus

shoulder - posterior Teres Major Subscapularis Teres Minor

Triceps Brachii (caput longum) Infraspinatus

Triceps Brachii Teres Major Teres M inor


Deltoideus Teres Major arm - lateral Teres Minor

Triceps Brachii Latissimus Dorsi

Triceps Brachii arm - posterior Teres M inor Teres Major Deltoideus

Teres Major Latissimus Dorsi Teres Minor Deltoideus

Infraspinatus Latissimus Dorsi shoulder - lateral Teres Minor

Deltoideus Subscapularis Latissimus Dorsi

Teres M inor Pectoral is Major Deltoideus

Teres Minor

281

Tibialis Anterior (L4-S 1 )

Chains starting from the Tibialis Anterior

associated muscles

foot - dorsal

Peroneus Longus Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hal lucis Longus


Extensor Digitorum Longus Extensor Hallucis Lon us

Chains containing the Tibialis Anterior Muscle

associated muscles


Extensor Hallucis Longus

Extensor Hallucis Longus Soleus


Tibialis Anterior Extensor Hallucis

foot - dOrsal Longus Tibialis Anterior Extensor Digitorum Longus

282

Tibialis Posterior (L4-LS)

C hains starting from the Tibialis Posterior

associated muscles Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hal lucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis

Chains containing the Tibialis Posterior Muscle

associated muscles

Soleus

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Flexor Digitorum Longus Flexor Hallucis Longus Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Peroneus Tertius Soleu� Plantaris Gastrocnemius


Gluteus Minimus Tibial is Posterior

leg - posterior (calf) Gastrocnemius Soleus G luteus Minimus Tibialis Posterior


Flexor Digitorum foot - plantar Longus

Tibialis Posterior

283

Trapezius (C2-C4)

Chains starting from the Trapezius

associated muscles

head - lateral

neck - posterior

back - high-thoracic

back - mid-thoracic


head - occipital


Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporal is Occipitofrontalis


Temporalis Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ) Occipitofrontalis Levator Scapulae Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ,2,3) Levator Scapulae Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral)


Trapezius (contralateral ) Temporal is Occipitofrontal is Levator Scapu lae Scalenus

284

Chains containing the Trapezius M uscle

associated muscles

Trapezius

Supraspinatus

Rhomboideus Major

Rhomboideus Minor

Trapezius

Rhomboideus Minor

Trapezius

Trapezius

Supraspinatus Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Pectoralis Major Scalenus Temporal is Suboccipital Sternocleidomastoideus Splenius Cervicis Splenius Capitis Biceps Brachii


Supraspinatus Trapezius (contralateral )

shoulder - posterior Deltoideus (posterior) Trapezius I nfraspinatus Infraspinatus Trapezius I nfraspinatus

back - mid-thoracic Trapezius Rhomboideus Major Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Levator Scapulae Trapezius (TP4,5) Levator Scapulae

back - high-thoracic Rhomboideus Major Rhomboideus Minor Scalenus Trapezius (contralateral) Levator Scapulae

neck - posterior Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ,2,3)

285

Semispinalis Capitis Sternocleidomastoideus

Suboccipital (Sternal) Trapezius (TP1 ) Trapezius (TP1 )

Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis Occipitofrontalis

head - lateral Masseter Temporalis

Trapezius Trapezius (contralateral , TP1 ) Occi p itofrontal is Sternocleidomastoideus

Temporal is Trapezius (TP1 ) Masseter


Scalenus Trapezius back - high-thoracic Triceps Brachii (caput

lonqum) Rhomboideus Minor back - mid-thoracic Trapezius

Levator Scapulae Splenius Cervi cis

Sternocleidomastoideus Temporalis head - occipital Trapezius (TP1 ,2 ,3)

Trapezius (contralateral ) Trapezius Temporalis

Occipitofrontalis Sternocleidomastoideus Temporal is (anterior TP)

eye Trapezius (TP1 ) Splenius Cervicis Suboccipital

Trapezius (TP1 )

286

Triceps Brachii (C6-C8)

Chains starting from the Triceps Brachii

associated muscles


Latissimus Dorsi Teres Major Teres Minor Anconeus Supinator Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus


Teres Major Teres Minor

elbow - epicondylus lateral is Anconeus

elbow - olecranon

arm - posterior

Brachioradial is Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Supinator Extensor Carpi Rad ial is Longus


Teres Major Teres Minor Latissimus Dorsi

Chains containing the Triceps Brachii M uscle

associated muscles

287

Teres Major Supinator Subscapularis Scalenus Latissimus Dorsi Deltoideus Coracobrachialis Brachioradial is Biceps Brachii Anconeus


Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major Subscapularis

Teres Minor Triceps Brachii Deltoideus (posterior) Teres Major

Subscapularis shoulder - posterior Teres Minor Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus Supraspinatus

Deltoideus Teres Major Triceps Brachii I nfraspinatus

Coracobrachialis arm - posterior Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is

Supinator elbow - olecranon Longus Triceps Brachii Brachioradial is Extensor Carpi Radial is

Anconeus Longus Supinator Triceps Brachii Extensor Carpi Radial is Longus Extensor Digitorum

Brachioradial is (ring finger) elbow - Supinator

epicondylus lateralis Triceps Brachii Anconeus Extensor Carpi Radial is

Supinator Longus Triceps Brachii

288


Scalenus back - high-thoracic Trapezius Triceps Brachi i Brachial is

Scalenus Pectoralis Major Pectoralis M inor

arm - anterior Triceps Brachi i Brachial is

Biceps Brachii Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Deltoideus Deltoideus

Teres Major arm - lateral Teres Minor Triceps Brachii

Coracobrachial is arm - posterior Deltoideus Triceps Brachii

Coracobrachialis forearm - dorsal Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii

Coracobrachialis Supraspinatus Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii

Brachioradialis Extensor Digitorum (middle finger)

Subscapularis hand - wrist - radial Triceps Brachii Infraspinatus Triceps Brachii Extensor Digitorum

Scalenus (middle finger) Extensor Carpi Rad ial is LonQus Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis Pectoralis Major Triceps Brachii Triceps Brachii

hand - wrist - ulnar Extensor Carpi Radial is Scalenus Brevis

Pectoral is M inor Extensor Digitorum (ring finger) Latissimus Dorsi

Subscapularis I nfraspinatus hand - dorsal side Triceps Brachi i

& wrist Triceps Brachii

Supinator Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

289

Triceps Brachii Scalenus hand - dorsal side Extensor Carpi Radialis

& wrist Lonqus Latissimus Dorsi

I nterosseus Dorsal is fingers - dorsal Triceps Brachii 1 & 2 Flexor Pollicis Longus

Extensor Indicis

290

Chapter 6

Appendix

291

Abreviations

UTP Upper Trigger Point

LTP Lower Trigger Point

TMJ Temporo Mandibular Joint

SIJ Sacro Iliacal Joint

TP Trigger Point

Tps Trigger Points

ant anterior

post posterior

med medial

lat lateral

mid middle

C Cervical Vertebra

T Thoracal Vertebra

L Lumbar Vertebra

S Sacral Vertebra

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