90 91 chemistry - cikgu adura's blog · spm level chemistry paper no item ... total marks...
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90 9190 91
Format of Chemistry Paper SPM Level
CHEMISTRY
PAPER NO ITEM CONTENT
PAPERONE
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
Types of instruments
Types of items
Number of questions
Total marks
Duration of test
Construct requirement
Level of difficulty
Objective test
Objective item; multiple choice each item either three, four or five options- A,B and C, or A, B, C and D, or A, B, C, D and E
50, answers all
50 marks ( 1 mark for 1 question)
1 hour 15 minutes (75 minutes)
Construct requirementi. knowledge-25% to 45%ii understanding-35% to 45%iii Application of skills-30% to 35%
Low-50%, Moderate-30%, High-20%
PAPERTWO
A Types of instruments
Types of itemsi Section A
ii Section Biii. Section C
Subjective test
Structured item-contains 6 questions, answer all questions.
2 Questions (answer only one)2 Questions (answer only one)
PAPERTHREE
Types of instruments
Types of question
Number of question
Total marks
Time
Construct requirement
Level of difficulty
Written practice test
-Structured questions-Essay questions
3 Questions (Answers all)
- two structured questions- one open respond item
50 marks
1 hour 30 minutes Problem solving: 100% (experimenting)
Low-50%, Moderate-30%, High-20%
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90 91
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>>90 91
Analysis of Chemistry Paper SPM Level
TOPICS
YEAR
PAPER 1 PAPER 2 PAPER 3
04 05 06 04 05 06 04 05 06
Form 4Introduction to chemistryThe structure of the atom 7 6 6 2 ½ 1 1Chemical formulae and questions 4 6 6 1 1Periodic table of elements 2 3 3 1 1Chemical bonds 2 1 2 1Electrochemistry 2 3 5 1 2 ½Acids and bases 5 4 3 1 2 ½Salts 1 - 2Manufactured substances in industry 4 3 4 1 1 1Form 5Rate of reaction 4 5 4 1 1Carbon compounds 6 7 6 2 1Oxidation and reduction 6 7 4 1Thermo chemistry 4 4 5 1 4 1Chemical for consumer 2 1 2 1 1 1
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92 9392 93
CHEMISTRYPAPER 1 ONE HOUR FIFTEEN MINUTES
Instruction: Questions 1 to 50 are followed by four options A,B,C and D.Choose the best option for each question and blacken the corresponding space on the objective answer sheet.
The most common chemicals used in our daily life is table salt. What is the chemical term for the table salt?
A. Potassium oxide C. Potassium choride B. Sodium chloride D. Sodium oxide
Figure 1 shows the set-up of a simple cell
Which of the following metals will give the highest voltmeter reading when used as electrode X? A. Iron C. TinB. Lead D. Magnesium
Acidic and basic properties are found in aluminum oxide, therefore it is ____ oxide.
A. an amphoteric C. a metalloid B. an acid D. a base
Which of the following uses of inert gasses is wrongly paired?
A.B.
Consider a voltaic cell represented by the given symbol: Zn(s)Zn (aq) Ag / (aq) / Ag (s) … refer the attached note)
What is the reaction that occur in the voltaic cell represented by the symbols above?
A. Electrons flow silver ions to zincB. Zinc atoms receive electrons from silver ionsC. Zinc is the reducing agentD. Silver ions release an electron to zinc
CONTOH KERTAS SOALAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Helium To fill meteorological balloonsRadon Decays to give X-rays which is
used to destroy cancer cellsNeon To fill advertising electric bulbsKrypton To fill flash bulb of cameras
C.D.
Figure 2 shows the set-up of experiment
The bulb in figure 2 will light up if X is A. lead nitrate solutionB. solid sodium chlorideC. molten phosphorusD. glucose
All the following affects the rate of reaction except A. volume of reactant B. mass of reactant C. size of reactant D. temperature
Which of the following reactions occur very slowly at a room temperature? A. NH4Cl (aq) NH3 (g) + HCl (aq)B. Zn (s) + H2SO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + H2 (g)C. 2H2O2 (aq) 2H2O + O2 (g)D. CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (aq) + CO2
Which catalyst is used in the manufacturing industry of margarine? A. Platinum C. IronB. Nickel D. Copper
When the concentration in a reaction is increased, the rate of reaction is increased. This is because the… A. number of reactant particles are increasedB. collisions between the particles are increasedC. effective collision is increasedD. activation energy is reduced
The rate of reaction usually decreases if the time of reaction increases. This is because…. A. concentration of product increasedB. concentration of reactant decreasedC. the movement of particles is slowerD. the activation energy increased
Figure 1
CopperElectrodeX
Bulb
Carbon Electrodes
X Figure 2
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>>92 93
12.
13.
14.
15.
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18.
19.
20.
21.
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23.
24.
Mutton can be cooked faster if… A. cut into a small piecesB. cooked with spices C. cooked in a big pot D. boiled with a lot of water
2Fe3+ + Zn 2Fe2+ + Zn2+
Which of the following is not true about the above redox reaction?
A. Zinc is reducing agentB. Fe ion is oxidizing agentC. Oxidation number of iron decrease from +3 to +2D. Electrons transfer from Fe to Zn
Fe2+ Fe3+ + e
Which of the following chemicals can change Fe2+ to Fe3+
I Pottasium iodide solutionII Acidic potassium dichromate (VI)III Acidic potassium manganate (VIII)IV Pottasium thiocynate A. I and II only C. II, and III onlyB. II and iv only D. I, II, III, and IV
Which of the following chloride compounds dissolved in water? A. Silver chloride C. Mercury chlorideB. Lead (III) chloride D. Copper (II) chloride
The element Q has a proton number of 19. the chemical properties of element Q is predicted to have the same chemical properties with the element which has the proton numbers of A. 11 C. 17B. 13 D. 20
Which of the following material is an ionic compound?
Melting point,oC Boiling point,oC Solubility in waterA. -7 59 SolubleB. -80 75 SolubleC. 800 1432 SolubleD. 1562 6720 Not Soluble
Electrolyte used in lead-acid accumulator is
A. ammonium chloride pasteB. dilute sulphuric acidC. potassium hydroxideD. mixture of zinc hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
Which of the following are the advantages of mercury cell?
I Portable II Small in sizeIII Gives a large currentIV Light
A. I, II and IV only C. II, III and IV onlyB. I, III and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
The electrochemical series is used to determine: I The terminal of a cellII The standard cell voltageIII The ability of a metal to displace another metal from its salt solutionIV To extract metal from its oxide A. I, II and III only C. IV onlyB. II and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
The ionic formulae of elements X any Y are as follows:
The compound reacts from the ions of elements X and Y with the formula of X2Y3.
Which of the following ionic equations represents the reaction?
A. X3+ + Y2- X2Y3B. 2X + 3Y X2Y3C. 2X3+ + 3Y2- X2Y3D. 3X3+ + 2Y2- X2Y3
3.2 g of copper(II) oxide powder reacts with excess dilute nitric acid. What is the mass of copper(II) nitrate formed in the reaction?(relative atomic mass of N= 14, O = 16 and Cu = 64) A. 3.76 g C. 5.04 gB. 4.96 g D. 7.52 g
In an experiment between hydraulic acid and zinc produces 25cm3 hydrogen gas. The reaction completes in 50 seconds. What is the average rate of the reaction?
A. 0.5 cm3 s-1 C. 2.0 cm3 s-1
B. 1.0 cm3 s-1 D. 4.0 cm3 s-1
The following equation is the equation heptanes combustion, C7H16, in excess Oxygen.
C7H16(l) + 110 2(g) 7CO2(g) + 8H2O,
H= -5 512 kJ mol-1
The combustion of heptane in excess oxygen releases 1 378 kJ of energy. What is the mass of heptane used?(relative atomic mass of H=1, C=12)
A. 25.0 g C. 77.0 gB. 36.0 g D. 88.0 g
X3+ Y2+
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94 9594 95
The table below is the information about three simple cells.
What is the potential difference of the pair of metals Y and Z?
A. 0.85 C. 1.86B. 1.01 D. 2.31
The reactivity of the halogen can be determined by a reaction between halogen halide solution. The result of the reaction is shown in the table.
The reactivity series of halogen in descending order isA. bromine, chlorine, iodineB. chlorine, bromine, iodineC. iodine, bromine, chlorineD. iodine, chlorine, bromine
Which of the following reaction shows the oxidation of copperA. Reaction of zinc with copper (II) oxideB. Reaction of copper with silver nitrate solutionC. Electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution by using carbon electrodesD. Chemical cell with copper and zinc electrodes in dilute sulphuric acid
Figure 3 shows the set-up apparatus for a displacement reaction.
What is observed after 10 minutes?
A. Gas bubbles are releasedB. Brown deposits formedC. The solution turns blueD. The copper plate becomes thicker
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Which of the following shows the increasing order of reactivity when an alkali metal reacts with chlorine?
A. Rb, K, Na, LiB. Na, K, Li, RbC. Li, Na, K, RbD. Li, Na, Rb, K
Which of the following ions soluble in excess sodium hydroxide solution I Al3+ III Pb2
II Mg2+ IV Zn2+
A. I and II only C. I, II and III onlyB. II and IV only D. I, II and IV only
The information given shows the sub-atomic particles of atom W
•Electron configuration 2.1 •Number of protons 3 •Number of neutrons 4
Which of the following diagram shows an atom W?
The diagram can be concluded that
A. the heat of neutralization is -57 kJ mo¯¹B. 57 kJ of energy is needed for the reaction.C. the products contain more energy than the reactants.D. the temperature at the end of the reaction is lower than that at the beginning of the reaction
Pair of metals Potential differences/V
Metal at negative terminal
X and copperY and copperZ and copper
0.451.300.56
XYCu
HalogenHalideSolution
Chlorine Bromine Iodine
PotassiumBromide
Reaction occurs
No reaction
Potassiumiodide
Reaction occurs
Reaction occurs
3p + 4n
3p + 4n
3p + 3e
3p + 3e
A.
B.
C.
D.
Energy
OH- (aq) + H+(aq)
H = -57 kJ mol-1
H2O(l)
Silvernitratesolution
Copperplate
Figure 3
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>>94 95
The result for three chemical cells are shown as in the table
Which of the following can be deduced from Table 3?
I.The cell voltage is 1.6 V when P and Q are used as electrodes.II. The cell voltage is 1.1 V when P and S are used as electrode.III. Electrons flow from terminal Q to terminal S in the metal pair Q and SIV. P functions as a positive terminal when it is paired with Q, R, or S in a cell
A. I and IV only C. I, II, and III onlyB. II and III only D. I, II, III and IV
Brass is harder than ferrum because A. the bond between the atoms of brass is strongerB. the arrangement of atoms in brass is more compactC. the atoms of brass are harder to compressedD. the layers of atoms in brass d not slide easily over one another
Ethanol is boiled in acidic potassium manganate(VII) to produce substance, X. substance X is reflxed with ethanol to produce compound Y. compound Y is
A. ethanoic acid C. ethyl methanoateB. ethyl ethanoate D. ethane
The products at anode and cathode each are
A.B.C.D.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
The reaction between etanoic acid and ethanol produces compound K. which of the following are true about compound K?
I it is sweet-smellingII it is insoluble in waterIII it has a low boiling pointIV its molecular formula is CH3COOCH3
A. I and II only C. I, II and IV onlyB. I, II and III only D. I, II, III and IV
Which of the following compound is added to processed meat as an antioxidant?
A. Sodium ChlorideB. Sodium benzoateC. Sodium nitrateD. Sodium acetate
Astatine is below iodine in group 17 of the Periodic Table. Which of the following are likely to be true about astatine?
I it is a solid at room temperatureII it forms diatomic moleculesIII it forms At- ionIV it reacts with sodium to form a white compound
A. I, II and III only C. II, III and IV onlyB. I, III, and IV only D. I, II, III and IV
The reaction between calcium carbonate and sulphuric acid produces carbon dioxide gas. Which of the following pairs of reactants will have the highest initial rate of production of carbon dioxide gas?
A. 50cm3 of 2.0 dm-3 sulphuric acid and 2g of calcium carbonate powderB. 30cm3 of 2.0 dm-3 sulphuric acid and 2g of calcium carbonate pelletsC. 100cm3 of 2.0 dm-3 sulphuric acid and 2g of calcium carbonate powderD. 20cm3 of 2.0 dm-3 sulphuric acid and 2g of calcium carbonate powder
Carbon and sulphur reacts according to the equation given below
Which of the following statements is true according to the equation. [ relative atomic mass; C, 12 , S, 32]
A. the breaking of bonds in carbon and sulphur absorbs 88kJB. formation of 1 mol of carbon disulphide releases 88 kJC. reaction of 32g of sulphur absorbs 88 kJD. reaction of 6g of carbon absorbs 44 kJ
Chemical cell
Metal pairs
Negative terminal
Cell voltage/V
XYZ
P and RR and SQand R
RSR
1.90.80.3
Anode CathodeOxygen HydrogenOxygen PotassiumBromine HydrogenBromine Potassium
C(s) + 2S (s) CS2 (l), H= +88 kJ mol -1
Carbonelectrodes
Potassiumbromidesolution
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96 9796 97
The table shows the conditions of two experiments carried out to investigate the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by manganate (IV) oxide.
Which of the following graphs is that of the results obtained from experiments I and II?
The tables shows the proton numbers of four elements; E, F, H and I
Which of the following pairs of elements will form a compound with a high melting point?
A. E and H C. F and HB. E and I D. H and I
The electron arrangement of atom X is 2.8.5. which of the following statements are true about atom X? I The nucleon number of X is 15.II X has 15 nucleons is its nucleusIII X forms a covalent compound with hydrogenIV The compound formed by X and chlorine has the empirial formula XCl3
A. I and II only C. II and IV onlyB. III and IV only D. II, III, and IV only
42.
43.
44.
45.
Experiment Mass of manganate(IV)
oxide
Hydrogen peroxide solution
I 0.5 g 100 cm3 1.0 mol dm-3
II 0.5 g 400 cm3 0.5 mol dm-3
Element E F H IProton number
2 4 12 16
Which of the following oxides will dissolve in water to produce a solution with a pH of less than 7?
I Magnesium oxideII Silicon dioxideIII Phosphorus pentoxideIV Sulphur dioxide
A. I and II only C. III and IV onlyB. II and IV only D. II, III and IV only
When powdered calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, the carbon dioxide gas is produced. If the complete reaction of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acid produces a maximum volume of 30cm3 of carbon dioxide gas in 100 seconds, what is the average rate of this reaction?
A. 0.1 cm3s-1 C. 0.6 cm3s-1
B. 0.3 cm3s-1 D. 0.9 cm3s-1
Figure 4 shows the set-up of an apparatus used to prepare a carbon compound.
The carbon compound that is produced
A. burns with a sooty flameB. does not dissolve in waterC. has a double bond in its structural formulaD. can decolourises and acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution
46.
47.
volume of oxygen gas (cm3)
time (s)
I
II
A. volume of oxygen gas (cm3)
time (s)
III
B.
volume of oxygen gas (cm3)
time (s)
III
C.
time (s)
volume of oxygen gas (cm3)
III
D.
Lime water
A mixture of sugarcane water + yeast
Figure 4
96 97
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>>96 97
48.
49.
50.
Which of the following describes the properties of hydrogen chloride?
I This gas can dissolve in water and turns damp blue litmus paper to redII This gas contain hydroxonium ionsIII this gas burns the skin if it is in contact with itIV This gas is only made up of covalent molecules
A. I and II only C. II and III onlyB. I and IV only D. II and IV only
Which of the following is a characteristic of copper?
I It can conduct electricity in both solid and molten statesII it has strong ionic bondsIII It has a high boiling pointIV It has an oxidation number of +2
A. I and II only C. II and IV onlyB. I and III only D. I, III and IV only
When exposed to air, fats and oils will be oxidised. Name the food additives used to prevent oxidation from occuring. A. Preservatives C. AntioxidantsB. Stabilisers D. Thickeners
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98 9998 99
Table 1 shows four substances and their respective formulae
a) Use information from Table 1 to answer the following questions.(i) State one substance from Table 1 which exist as molecules _______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(ii) Which substance has the highest melting point, iodine, copper or naphthalene?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](iii) What is the state of matter of copper (II) sulphate at room temperature?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(iv) State the substance in Table 1 which can conduct electricity in the solid state.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(v) Draw the arrangement of particles in the substance in (a) (iv).
[2 marks]
(vi) Write the chemical formulae for the substance in (a) (iv)
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
1.
PAPER 2TWO HOURS AND THIRTHY MINUTES
Section A[60 marks]
Answer all questions in the section. The time suggested to complete Section A is 90 minutes.
Substances Chemical FormulaeIodine I2
Copper CuNaphthalene C10H8
Copper(II) Sulphate CuSO4
Table 1
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>>98 99
(b) Graph 1.1 shows the temperature against time when solid naphthalene is heated.
(i) State the melting point of naphthalene.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(ii) Explain why there is no change in temperature from Q to R.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks]
(iii) State how the movement of naphthalene particles changes between R and S during the heating.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
23(a) Write the electron arrangement of Na. 11
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](b) Write the symbol of an isotope of carbon.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
2.
Q R
S
Tempreature/ C
Times / s
Graph 1.1
C O Na12 16 23
6 8 11
Figure 1
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100 101100 101
(c) Using the dot and cross method, draw the electron arrangement of carbon dioxide and sodium dioxide to show the bonds formed in them.
Carbon Dioxide Sodium Oxide
(d) Between carbon dioxide and sodium oxide, which is acidic and basic?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]
(e) State two differences in the physical properties of carbon dioxide and sodium oxide.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]
Diagram below shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the redox reaction in a chemical cell.
(a) State the redox reaction in Combustion tube I
(i) State the observations made in the two combustion tubes. I: ________________________________________________________________ II:________________________________________________________________ [2 marks](b) Write the equation for the reaction occurred in combustion tube I.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [ 1 mark]
(c) (i) Name gas X _________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) Explain the production of gas X
_________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
3.
Steam Steam
100 101
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>>100 101
(d) Calculate the mass of the substance produced in combustion tube 1 when 2.4 g of magnesium powder is reacted in excess steam flow. [ Relative atomic mass: H,1;O,16:Mg, 24]
[2 marks]
(e) Write the equation for the reaction occurred in combustion tube II.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(f) Name the substance that acts as an oxidizing agent in each combustion tube.
I: _______________________________________________________________________________________
II: _______________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]The diagram is classification of drugs
(a) Name the type of drugs P,Q and R P __________________________________________________ Q __________________________________________________ R___________________________________________________ [3 marks]
(b) Explain the function of the respective drugs P __________________________________________________ Q __________________________________________________ R___________________________________________________ [3 marks] (c) Why streptomycin must be taken constantly even after recovering from illness?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] d) What is the disadvantage of taking aspirin?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] e) State the function of insulin
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
4.
Modern Drugs
QAspirin
RAmphetamine
PStreptomycin
HormoneInsulin
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102 103102 103
Study the diagram given. It shows the conversion of a few organic compounds beginning from glucose.
(a) What is process I?
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](b) i. Write an equation for the reaction which occurs in process II
___________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] ii. Name the enzyme used in process II
____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark](c) i. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction that occurs in process III
____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] ii. Name the reagent used in process III
____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] iii. Name the reaction that occurs in process III
____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(d) i. Name the reaction and the catalyst that are required in process IV
____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]
ii. What is a physical property of the product formed in process IV?
____________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]
iii. Name the homologous series of the process IV
____________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
5.
Glucose CH3CH2OH CH3COOH
CH2 = CH2 CH3COOCH2CH3
102 103
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>>102 103
The diagram is the set-up apparatus showing the transfer of electrons at a distance between bromine water and iron (II) sulphate solution
(a) Mark the flow of electrons in the diagram
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks](b) Write the change in oxidation number of (i) bromine in bromine solution ___________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) iron in iron (II) sulphate solution
___________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(c) Suggest how to confirm the presence of the product formed at electrode P
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks]
(d) Name the substance that is reduced and oxidized in the reaction: (i) reduced : ___________________________________________
(ii) oxidixed : ___________________________________________ [3 marks]
6.
sulphuric acid
carbon electrodes
bromine wateriron(II) sulphatesolution
P Q
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104 105104 105
Section B[20 marks]
Answer any one question in this section. The time given to answer is 30 minutes.(a)
Explain the cleaning action of the soap on the oily stairs. [8 marks]
(b) A student conducted four experiments to study the cleaning effects of soap and detergent in soft water and hard water. The diagram shows the set-up of the experiment.
The observations made in the experiments are recorded in Table 3 below.
Compare the cleaning effects between
(i) Experiment W and Experiment X
(ii) Experiment X and Experiment Z
Why are there differences in the observations? Explain your answer; state the substances that is more suitable as a cleaning agent to remove oily stains [8 marks] (c) gives two advantages and two disadvantages of using detergents [4 marks]
A container with oil stains is washed with soap7.
Experiment W X Y Z
ObservationOily stains disappeared
Oily stains remained
Oily stains disappeared
Oily stains disappeared
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>>104 105
8. (a) Describe the haber process in the manufacture of ammonia [6 marks]
(b) Describe an experiment to prepare ammonium sulphate fertilizer in the laboratory [9 marks]
(c) List the uses of ammonium in daily life [5 marks]
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106 107106 107
(a) You have and iron key that rusts easily. State how you would solve this problem using and electrolysis process [4 marks](b) Electrolysis is carried out on a dilute sodium chloride solution using carbon electrodes. Explain how this electrolysis occurs. Use a labeled diagram to explain your answer. [6 marks]
(c) Aluminum is placed above zinc in the electrochemical series. Aluminum and zinc can be used to built a chemical cells, using suitable apparatus and the following chemicals;
Aluminum sulphate solutionZinc sulphate solutionSulphuric and solution
Describe how you built this chemical cell Include a labeled diagrams in your answer. On your diagram, mark the direction of the electron flow, the positive and the negative terminal. [10 marks]
(a) A farmer discovered that his vegetables were not growing well because the soil was poor and acidic. As a chemistry student, you can help the farmer. Suggest how the farmer can solve the problem [ 2 marks]
(b) Figure 8 shows an incomplete flow chart of cation and anion tests for salts X.
Use the reagents listed below and complete the flow chart to confirm that salt X contains Pb2+ ions and CO3-2 ions. Includes your observations.
REAGENTSDilute hydrochloric acid, dilute nitric acid, and lime water
[8 marks]
(c) You are required to prepare dry magnesium chloride salt. The chemicals supplied are
• Magnesium sulphate solutions • Dilute hydrochloric acid • Potassium carbonate solution.
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the chemical equations invoved [10 marks]
9.
10.
Section C[20 marks]
Answer any one question in this section. The time given to answer is 30 minutes.
Salt X
Anion TestCation Test
CO3-2Pb2+
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106 107
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>>106 107
An experiment was carried out to examine the effect of temperature on the rate of reaction.
50 cm3 of 0.05 mol/dm3 sodium thiosulphate solution at 30 0C was put into a 250 cm3 conical flask. The flask was then placed on an ‘X’ sign drawn on a piece of white paper. 10 cm3 of 1 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid was added to the sodium thiosulphate solution, and the mixture was then shaken. At the same time ,the stopwatch was started. The stopwatch was stopped once the ‘X’ sign disappeared.
The steps were repeated using sodium thiosulphate solution heated to 36 0C, 42 0C, 48 0C and 54 0C.
Figure 1 shows the readings on the stopwatch for each reaction.
(a) Record the time for each reaction. [3 marks]
(b) Construct a table and record the temperature, time and 1 for this experiment. time [3 marks]
1.
PAPER 3Time: One hour and thirty minutes
[50 marks]Answer all questions.
Figure 1
Times, t1 = ____________________sat 300C
Times, t2 = ____________________sat 360C
Times, t3 = ____________________sat 420C
Times, t4 = ____________________sat 480C
Times, t5 = ____________________sat 540C
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108 109108 109
(c ) (i) Plot a graph of temperature against 1 on the graph paper below. time
[3 marks] (ii) Based on your graph in (c) (i), state the relationship between the rate of reaction and temperature.
__________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(d) Predict the time when the ‘X’ sign disappear if the experiment is repeated at 60 0C.
_________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(e) State the hypothesis of this experiment.
_________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(f) (i) State the variables involved in this experiment.
Manipulated variable:____________________________________________________
Responding variable :____________________________________________________ Constant variable :____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________ [3 marks]
(ii) Explain how you would manipulate one variable while keeping the other variables constant. ____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
(g) The relationship between temperature and the rate of reaction is applied in our daily life, for example in keeping perishables like fish in refrigerator.
Using your knowledge in chemistry, state the relationship between temperature and the rate at which food turns spoiled.
_________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
108 109
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>>108 109
The following apparatus is set up in an experiment determine the heat of neutralization between dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide
Figure 2 (a)
The initial temperatures of the two reactants and the maximum temperature of the mixture are shown b the thermometer readings in figure 2 (b).
Figure 2 (b)
2.
100 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3
dilute hydrochloride acid
100 cm3 of 2 mol dm-3
aqueous sodium hydroxideGlass
Initial temperature ofdilute hydrochloric acid
Maximum temperatureof the mixture
Initial temperature ofaqueous sodium hydroxide
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110 111110 111
(a) Based on the diagrams given in figure 2 (b), write down the temperature of each of the solutions in the appropriate spaces in table 3.
Table 3 [3 marks]
(b) i. Write the ionic equation for this neutralization reaction
______________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
ii. Calculate the total energy released in this reaction. [ the specific heat capacity of water = 4.2 J g-1 oC-; Density of the solution = 1.0g cm-3]
[2 marks]
(c) i. Calculate the heat of neutralization for the reaction
[2 marks]
Initial temperature of aqueous sodium hydroxide/oC
Initial temperature of dilute hudrochloric acid/oC
Maximum temperature of the mixture/oC
110 111
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>>110 111
ii. Draw the energy level diagram for this reaction
[3 marks]
(d) i. state the observation of this experiment other than the changes in temperature.
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [1 mark]
ii. State the inference from i.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [2 marks]
(e) State the safety precautions to be taken up in this experiment.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________ [3 marks]
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112 PB
Based on the above statement, describe an experiment on how you would compare the properties of vulcanized rubber from latex and also include the following aspects.
a) Objective of the experiment
b) Statement of the hypothesis
c) List of materials and apparatus
d) Methods of the experiment
e) Tabulated data of the experiment [17 marks]
3.Lorry tyres made from natural rubber have been modified so that the tyres can be used to last a distance of 60 000 km. The raw rubber material used has gone through a process called vulcanization.
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A N S W E R S
CHEMISTRY
Paper 1
1. B 2. D3. A4. B5. C6. A7. C8. B9. B10. A11. B12. A13. D14. D15. D16. A17. C18. B19. A20. D21. A22. B23. A24. A25. C
26. B27. B28. B29. A30. D31. A32. A33. A34. D35. A36. A37. B38. C39. D40. C41. D42. D 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. B 49. D 50. C
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A N S W E R S
PAPER 2 SECTION A
1 (a) (i) iodine (ii) copper (iii) solid (iv) copper (v)
(vi) Cu
(b) (i) T1 = 800C / 780C (ii) Energy is absorbed o overcome the force between molecules of naphthalene.
So, there is no increase in temperature. (iii) The naphthalene particles move faster as it changes between R and S
2 (a) 2.8.1 (b) 14
6C (c)
(d) Carbon dioxide is acidic Sodium oxide is basic (e) 1) State of matter of carbon dioxide is gas / sodium oxide is solid 2) The melting or boiling period of sodium oxide is higher than carbon dioxide
ocarbon electrodes
brominee water
sulphuric acid
iron(ll) —sulphatesolution
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A N S W E R S
3 (a) (i) I: grey powder to white II: white powder to shiny grey / silvery powder / solid
(b) Mg + H2O MgO + H2
(c) (i) Hydrogen (ii) when it tested with the burning wooden splinter, the pop sound is heard
(d) Mg + H2O MgO + H2
male Mg = 24 / 24 = 0.1 mol
From eg : 1 mol Mg = 1 mol MgO 0.1 mol = 0.1 mol
The mass of substance = o.1 x (24 + 16) = 4.0 g
(e) 2Ag2O + H2 4Ag + 2H2O
(f) I: Steam II: Silver oxide
4 (a) P: Antibiotics Q: Analgesics R: Psychotherapeutic drugs
(b) P: To prevent the growth of disease-spreading microorganisms Q: To relieve or reduce pain R: To treat patients with psychological problem
(c) To prevent bacteria from becoming more resistant to the antibiotic
(d) 1) it cause stomach irritation to some patient 2) it is believed to cause brain / liver damage to children
(e) To reduce glucose level in food.
A N S W E R S
5 (a) oxidation
(b) (i) C6 H12 O6 (ii) Zymase
(c) (i) CH3 CH2 OH (ii) Sulphuric acid / porcelain (iii) Dehydration
(d) (i) Esterification , concentrated sulphuric acid (ii) It has fruity smell / volatile (iii) ester
6 (a)
(b) (i) from 0 to -1 (ii) from +2 to +3
(c) A few drops of hexacyanoferrate (III) are added to the product forhed in test tube P. if the products turns blue, it means that ion ferum (III) Fe3+ is formed.
(d) (i) Bromine gas (ii) ion ferum (III) Fe2+
A N S W E R S
SECTION B
7 (a) - cleaning action of soap on the oily stainsThe structure of soap consists of ionic heads which are hydrophilic, and hydrocarbon tails which are hydrophobic. When the soap is mixed with water, the hydrophilic part will dissolve into water and reduce the tension on the water surface. With this, water can wet all surface better When the soap gets into contact with the oily stains, the hydrophilic part of the soap will dissolve in the oily stains while the hydrophilic par will dissolve in water,.
(b) - comparison between the cleaning effects in experiment W and ZThe cleaning oily stains in Experiment W is more effective compare with that in Experiment X The oily stains in Experiment W can be removed while those in Experiment X cannot be removed. In Experiment X, the stains cannot be removed because soap forms scams with the Mg2+- and Ca2+ ions in the hard water; these scams are insoluble in water.In Experiment W, stains can be removed because soft water does not contain the ions Mg2+ and Ca2+
- comparison between the cleaning effects in experiment X and ZThe cleaning oily stains in Experiment Z is more effective then that in Experiment X. The oily stains in Experiment Z can be removed while those in Experiment X cannot be removed. In Experiment Z, detergent does not form scams in hard water. Detergent reacts with Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions to produce salts there soluble in water. Therefore, detergent is a suitable cleaning agent to remove oily stains and dirt.
(c) - Advantages 1. Detergents are effective in both soft water and hard water. 2. Detergents are cleaning agents that can be synthesized to have certain
characteristics.
- Disadvantages 1. Detergents are not biodegradable; bacteria cannot decompose detergents. 2. The phosphate in detergents enhances the growth of water weed and algae
when it gets in water bodies.
A N S W E R S
8 (a) Haber process in the manufacture of ammonia.One part of nitrogen gas and three parts of hydrogen gas, all are pure and dry, are mixed. The mixture of gasses is compressed at 200 – 500 atmospheres. Chemical reaction takes place, and ammonia is produced. Excess hydrogen and nitrogen gasses are then used in the next cycle of ammonia production Chemical equation for the reaction that occurs is N2 (g) + 3H2(g)2NH3(g)
(b) Experiment to prepare ammonium sulphate fertilizer in the laboratory;25 cm3 of 1 mol/dm3 sulphuric acid is poured into a beaker. 1.0 mol/dm3 ammonia solution as added to the sulphuric acid. The mixture is the stirred using a glass rod. Addition of ammonia is stopped once the pungent smell of ammonia is detected.The solution mixture is then heated until it becomes saturated. The saturated solution is allowed to cool at room temperature Crystallization takes place, and white crystals of ammonium sulphate are formed The solutions filtered to obtain the ammonium sulphate crystals. The crystals are then dried on a filter paper. The chemical equation to represent the reaction that takes place is as follows; 2NH3 (aq) + H2SO4(aq) (NH4)2SO4(aq)
(c) Uses of ammonia in dailyTo make nitrogenous fertilizers To make nitric acid by Ostwald process As a coolant As a cleansing agent Used in the manufacture of other chemicals
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A N S W E R S
SECTION C 9 (a) - iron key can be electroplated with nickel by electrolysis - iron key acts as cathode whereas nickel acts as anode and nickel sulphate act as
the electrolyte. (b) - the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution is shown as
below: - the ions present in the sodium chloride solution are Na+, Cl-, and OH- ions - when the switched is switch on, Na+ and H+ ions will be attracted to the cathode. - the H+ ions will be discharged to produce hydrogen gas because it is located at a
lower position in the electrochemical series compared to Na+ ions. 2H+ + 2e H2
- the Cl- and OH- ions are attracted to anode - the OH- ion will be discharged to produce oxygen gas because it is located at a
power position in the electrochemical series 4OH- O2 + 2H2O + 4e
(c) - dilute sulphuric acid is filled into the U-tube as the salt bridge - Aluminum sulphate solution is filled into one of the arm of the U-tube and zinc
sulphate solution is filled into another arm of the U-tube - aluminium plate and zinc plate are immersed respectively into aluminium
sulphate as shown in the figure - the circuit is completed
10 (a)- scatter some cacium hydroxide/lime and add calcium phosphate/phosphate fertilizers to reduce the acidity of the soil and to supply nitrate ions which will be absorbed by the roots of the plants when it dissolved in water.
(b)- place salt X into a test tube and add with nitric acid heated and shake it. The gas released is flown into lime water. The presence of CO3
-2 ions is indicated when the lime water turns chalky. Whe saltX is added with the nitric acid and heated, a colorless solution forms.
The solution containing the cation of X is added with dilute hydrochloric acid and is shaken gently. The formation of white precipitated indicates the presences of Ph2 ions.
(c)- step 1; - pour 25 cm3 of 1 mol dm3 magnesium sulphate solution in a beaker and add
with 25cm3 of mol dm 3 potassium carbonate solution - the mixture is stirred. White magnesium carbonate preticitated form is filtered
and dried in between filter papers - the equation involved is MgSO4 + K2CO3 MgCO3 + K2SO4
A N S W E R S
PAPER 3
Question 1
(a) At temperature of 30ºC, time t1 = 50s At temperature of 36ºC, time t2 = 44s At temperature of 42ºC, time t3 = 39s At temperature of 48ºC, time t4 = 35s At temperature of 54ºC, time t5 = 32s
(b)
Temperature (ºC) 30 36 42 48 54Time (s) 50 44 39 35 321/Time 0.020 0.023 0.026 0.029 0.031
(c) (i)
(ii) Rate of reaction is directly proportional to temperature.
(d) 30s
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A N S W E R S
(e) Increase in temperature increases the rate of reaction/The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of reaction. (f) (i) Manipulated variable : temperature of reaction Responding variable : rate of reaction Constant variables : concentrations and volumes of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid
(ii) By heating sodium thiosulphate to various temperatures while maintaining fixed concentration.
(g) The lower the temperature, the lower the rate of food spoilage.
Question 2
(a)
250C
(b) (i) NaOH + HC1 NaC1 + H2 O
(ii) Average initial temperature = (25 + 26) 0 C 2
= 25.5 0 C
The rise in temperature
= (37.0 – 25.5) 0 C
=11.5 0 CTotal energy released
= mc�
Initial temperature of NaOH 260CInitial temperature of HCl
Maximum temperature of the mixture 370C
= 200 × 4.2 ×11.5
= 9660 J
A N S W E R S
(c) (i) Number of moles of NaOH
= 100 × 2.0 1000
= 0.2 mol
Number of moles of HCI
= 100 × 2.0 1000
= 0.2 mol
The heat of neutralisation = - (1 × 9660) 0.2 = -48.30 kJ mol
Energy NaOH + HC1
H = -48.30 kJ mol-
NaCI + H2 O
(d) (i) The plastic cup becomes hot.
(ii) The neutralisation reaction is an exothermic reaction.
(e) - A plastic cup must be used for this experiment.
- The mixture must be constantly stirred using the thermometer. - The temperature has to be monitored closely throughout the experiment so
that the maximum temperature reached will be noted. - The dilute acid has to be added as quickly and as carefully as possible to the
alkali.
A N S W E R S
Question 3
(a) Aim of the experiment: Is it true that vulcanised rubber is stronger than natural rubber?
(b) Hypothesis: Vulcanised rubber is stronger and more elastic than natural rubber.
(c) List of substances and apparatus: Latex, disulphur dioxide solution, a square glass pane, razor blade, beaker, weights,
thread, clip, retort stand, ruler.
(d) Procedure A Preparation of the vulcanised rubber.
1) Latex was poured onto a piece of square glass pane. 2) The layer of latex was adjusted to acquire a thickness of 1 mm. 3) The layer of latex was then left aside for two to three. 4) The piece of rubber so formed was then cut into two pieces, each of equal size. 5) One of the pieces was dipped into disulphur dioxide solution for about five
minutes before being taken out and left to dry. B Testing the properties of vulcanised rubber and natural rubber.
1) The piece of natural rubber was hung from a retort stand as shown in the figure given.
2) The original length of the natural rubber was measured. 3) A weight of 50 g was then hung from the end of the rubber piece and the
extension of the rubber piece was measured. 4) After the weight was removed, the final length of the rubber piece was measured
again.5) Steps 1 or 4 were then repeated for the piece of vulcanised rubber.
(e) Tabulation of data:The measurements were recorded in the following table:
Type of rubber Original length(cm)
Extension with the weight added (cm)
Final length when the weight is remarked (cm)
Natural rubber Vulcanised
Discussion:Vulcanised rubber is stronger than natural rubber because the above results show that the extension in the vulcanised rubber was smaller than that in natural rubber. Vulcanised rubber is also more elastic than natural rubber because the vulcanised rubber returned to its original length (final length = original length ) after the weight was removed.
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