9 years of research for development to improve water ...€¦ · research programs on bdcs focus on...
TRANSCRIPT
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9 years of research for development to improve water & food security of the rural poor
Alain Vidal, Director CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food
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Indus Floods
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Ganges: 500 million facing disaster
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Overcoming the « perfect storm » of demand, scarcity and change
9+ billion people More food and water crises Global systems approaching ‘tipping points’ Uncertainties of climate change…
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CPWF aims to increase the resilience of social and ecological systems through better water management for food production
Through its broad partnerships, it conducts research that leads to impact on the poor and to policy change
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Niger
Water, food and poverty analyzed in 10 basins
1.5 billion people 50% of the poorest < 1€/j
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0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
0.00E+00 2.00E-05 4.00E-05 6.00E-05 8.00E-05 1.00E-04
GN
I ($U
S/ca
p)
Water availability (km3/cap)
Bangladesh
Bolivia
Brazil
Burkina Faso
China
Colombia
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Ethiopia
India
Thailand
Vietnam
World
Poverty and water… Is it the resources scarcity?
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Water productivity remains very low over most areas
WP (estimated potential / typically 1-2 kg/m3)
Volta Limpopo
Nile
Niger
IGB YR
Mekong
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There is enough water to meet our needs, it’s how we manage it !
Sustainable intensification Beyond a focus on productivity
Equitable sharing of benefits and risks Finding a balance and ‘win-win’
solutions
Institutional water management A holistic approach to avoid fragmentation among actors
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Research programs on BDCs Focus on a “basin development challenge” In a basin Coherent, integrated research program Technologies, policies, institutions, governance Whole basin consequences of change Spatial targeting of innovations Multiple partners Scientific evidence to inform dialogue
and innovation platforms
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Andes: Benefit-sharing mechanisms and their low hanging fruits
Trust funds and local dialogues established Upstream ecosystems restored Benefits downstream through improved pastures supporting community dairy production Consolidating Andes experience as a world-laboratory on BSMs Scaling out in Uganda and Nepal
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Ganges: Freshwater storage for improved livelihoods in polders
Well managed short duration aman rice varieties double yield Improving local institutions to ensure hardware maintenance and improvement Key to use stored water to
stabilize rainy season production intensify and diversify dry season production
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Limpopo: Rainwater management and value chains
Strengthen agricultural value chains where market-related failures contribute to poverty Success of community innovation platforms depends on trust among the actors and sufficient incentives Appropriate technologies must fit existing livelihood systems and include socially acceptable incentives
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Mekong: Hydropower and livelihoods Techniques, land and water uses identified that can increase benefits available to riparian communities
Fish-rice systems Artificial wetlands in reservoirs
Add value for both dam builders and communities Dialogue processes identified institutional weaknesses in the ways regulations are implemented
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Nile: Rainwater management and landscapes
Rainwater management interventions to target landscapes, linking bio-physical drivers with socio-economic factors Suitability maps considering key limiting factors: erosion, rainfall regimes, soil fertility and enterprise choices Development of innovation platforms in 3 different landscapes
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Volta: Rainwater and small reservoirs Identified successes (soil-water conservation, small reservoirs, and small pumps) and failures (culture and gender-sensitivity) Integration of maintenance costs in project budgets and capacity building of actors (mostly farmers) Resilience analysis helps evaluate common threads driving or limiting innovations
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The goat… …that saves water, people and nature
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Innovation platforms in Zimbabwe create local markets for goats
Established around local specific production and marketing systems, connected to larger commercialization networks Markets helped raise the value of one goat from US$10 to $60 Virtuous circle where more money flows to the producer - an incentive for growing stock feed and improving rangeland management
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A virtuous circle that triggers change to a more resilient state
S
S Recurrent droughts, increasing climate variability, poor connection to markets
Local markets Producers self-esteem Improved rangeland production replacing US$15 / goat of stock feed value
Improved livestock: US$ 60 per goat Goat mortality down to 10%
Rainfed maize cropping: US$16/ha Livestock: US$10 per goat
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Sustainable intensification and ecosystem services in the Andes
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Downstream – where the concern for ecosystem services emerged
Eutrophication and shrinking of Fuquene Lake
(downstream)
High altitude wetland (paramo)
degraded by potato cropping and overgrazing
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Restoring upstream and downstream ecosystem services
26
Paramo restored through conservation tillage and oat/potato
rotation
Water quality and downstream ecosystem services from Fuquene
Lake improved
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Triggers for change between alternate resilient states
S
Annual net income: 2,183/ha
Annual net income: US$ 1,870/ha
Conservation agriculture and paramo restoration supported by revolving fund
Farmers‘ insufficient gain and risk aversion
Revolving fund credit: +180 farmers /year
Potato cropping, grazing pressure, degradation of paramo
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Hydro-literacy to support rights to access information and partake in decision making
S Conflicts on water and land resources
Emerging inclusive benefit-sharing
mechanisms
Conversatorios promoting dialogue, facilitated by stakeholders’ “hydro-literacy”
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How do such interventions increase water and food security ?
Enhanced resilience Combined technical and institutional
innovations prevent the system from moving to undesired system configuration when shocked
Water and food security Looking beyond the « yield gap » enables diversify food
production (crops, fish and livestock) and ecosystem services Additional income alleviates poverty
Empowerment Enhanced people’s rights and institutional governance