9. Appendices

Appendix 1: Persons Met:

1. AAH Ms Caroline Wilkinson Nutrition Co-ordinatorMs Laura Phelps Nutritionist

2. ADRA Mr. Kevin Rowe Head of Mission Ms Darlene Ward Minority food supply

3. DOW Ms Supria Madhaven Head of MissionMs Sarah Sheldon TB Education OfficerDr. Barbara Cardozo Psychosocial consultant from CDCDr. Alfredo Vergara Psychosocial consultant from CDC

4. Institute of Public Health Prof Boshnjaku DirectorDr. Dedushai Head EpidemiologistDr. Luljeta Gashi EpidemiologistDr. Ariana Kalaveshi Epidemiologist

5. IRC Pristina Dr Kamal Raj Medical DirectorMs Marci Van Dyke Health Education OfficerMr. Richard Jacquot Head of MissionDr. Bill McKenzie EpidemiologistDr. Mejreme Regja Medical OfficerDr. Melihate Mustafa Medical OfficerDr. Idriz Gergari Medical OfficerDr. Alex Sallabanda Lab consultantMr. Roy Brennan Head of Water/San

NYC Dr. Rick Brennan Medical Director6. KFOR Major Sylvie US Bondsteel – resp for Gjilan

Colonel de Beuf Medical Coordinator7. Kinder Berg Dr. Allen Ross Health consultant8. IMC Ms Barbara Pearsey Medical Coordinator

Ms Louise Head of Mission in Mitrovica9. MSF-H Mr. Tim Pitt Head of Mission

Dr. Klassje Staal Medical Coordinator- Mitrovica10. MSF-B Dr. Bart Janssens Medical Coordinator11. UNFPA Dr. Olivier Brassard Head of Mission12. UNMIK Dr. Hannu Vuori Health Director

Dr. Marie-Claire Paty Advisor at Mitrovica HospitalDr. Michael Rolfe Advisor at Pristina HospitalMr. Arthur Pitman Advisor at Pristina Hospital

13. UNHCR Kosovo Ms Annalies Borrel Food and Nutrition CoordinatorDr. Mario Goethals Health AdvisorMs Betsy Greve Protection Officer

Geneva Dr. Serge Male Senior Health Advisor14. UNICEF Ms Melissa Brymer Psychosocial Coordinator15. WHO Kosovo Dr. Daniel Tarantola Senior Policy Advisor

Dr. Dean Shuey Health Policy AdvisorDr. Richard Alderslade Regional Advisor in Copenhagen Dr. Philippe Rastano Co-ordinator liaison with IPHDr. Mike Ryan EpidemiologistDr. Christina Perfidi Liaison with IPHDr. Ardiana Gjini Medical OfficerDr. Mark Anderson Landmine surveillance consultant from CDCDr. Margarita Rubin Consultant on Hospital ServicesDr. Truss Dereders Microbiologist consultant Dr. Kees Rienveldt Program ManagerDr. Lev Arevshatian EpidemiologistDr. Tundry Madras TB consultantMs Hilary Bower Media Advisor

Geneva Dr. Maire Connolly Epidemiologist

Appendix 2: Map of Kosovo:

Appendix 3: Agenda for the training of the survey teams

Day 1 Monday September 6, 1999

8.30-9.30Registration

9.30-10.00Introduction

10.00-10.15break

10.15- 12.00Introduction to survey methodsHow to choose the households

12.00-13.00Lunch break and time for transport to the CIMIK centre

13.00-14.00Landmine Awareness Training at the CIMIK centre

14.30-15.00Time for transport back to IPH

15.00 –15.45Logistic issues

15.45- 17.00 Selections of teams and team leadersResponsibilities of team members

Day 2Tuesday September 7, 1999

8.30-9.30 Introduction to the questionnaires How to conduct an interview

9.30-9.45break

9.45-12.00 Getting familiar with the questionnaires and practice interviews and filling out the formsQuestions and answers

12.00-13.00Lunch break

13.00-14.45Final Practice session on questionnaires

14.45-15.00break

15.00-17.00Explanation about the clusters that have been selectedScheduling for teams

Appendix 4: Interviewer ManualPart I. General informationThis survey has been designed to get a better understanding of the health of the people of Kosovo. One of the key objectives is to determine the number of people who have died in Kosovo over the last 20 months and the major causes of death. Other information such as the percentage of children that have been immunized and the reasons that people cannot get access to health care will be determined. Together with information from other surveys, this information will help the Institute of Public Health (IPH), WHO and UNMIK to come up with a plan for the short term and long term to understand the major health priorities and allocate resources fairly and effectively. The overall purpose is to give reliable information to the decision makers so that the people of Kosovo get better health care.Teams:There will be 12 teams consisting of two persons (a female and a male) per team. There will be six cars. 6 teams will be in Group A with Paul as the team leader and 6 teams in group B with Peter as the team leader. 2 teams will visit the same cluster on each day and be responsible for 12 dwellings per team. This means that in each car there will be four persons plus the driver of the car. 2 people will be the interviewers and 2 people will be the note-takers who actually fill out the questionnaires.A team of two will always enter a house together, and work together.In each car, one person will be the team leader. The team leader is responsible for the group that is together in one car, and can make decisions where the teams will go and making sure all the rules are followed.The two supervisors (Paul and Peter) are ultimately responsible for the data collection and the survey. Security issues:Because of the threat of landmines and other explosive devices the teams must check with KFOR at the regional CMIK centre before heading to a certain village. KFOR will provide detailed maps and other information related to security issues. These guidelines must be strictly followed.Security issues always override any other rules or obligations, in order not to jeopardize the safety of the teams as well as other persons in their surroundings.No driving after dark is allowed outside of the cities. This means that the teams must be back in Pristina at sunset.All team members and drivers must attend the landmine awareness class Monday at 13.00 at the CIMIK centre in Pristina.Logistics and other issues:The driver of the cars makes sure that there is enough fuel in the tank and that there is a spare tire and tools in the car. The driver is also responsible for carrying sufficient drinking water in the car.Work has to start early and all team members have to be punctual.The team members are responsible for their own meals while on the road.Part II. Explanation of QuestionnairesThe Questionnaire consists of four parts:The first part collects demographic data, such as the history of displacement and the age and the gender of everyone in the household. This is the longest part of the questionnaire and also includes questions on major chronic diseases in adults and a section on children which covers vaccination status. The note-taker is required to fill out a number of tables in this section.The second part is called the health access section. This part asks simple questions related to health providers and costs.The third part is the water and sanitation section. Part four is the income section with basic questions on the major sources of income.All four parts of the survey require the participation of the female or male head of household as the primary information source. The female head of household is the first choice because from other surveys we know that mothers tend to know more about their children than fathers. If the female head of household is not there, ask for the male head of household. If neither is present, try and come back to that house later in the day. If they will be away all day, then ask for any adult member of the household over 18 years of age.The interviewer has the task of guiding the head of household through the questionnaire. Questions are designed to be closed questions. This is because the questionnaire is quite long and covers a number of topics. This means that answers should be short and fall into one of a number of categories. The note-taker may just have to mark a box for some answers.Make sure that both team members check the questionnaires to see if they have been filled out correctly before leaving the house. The team leader must also make sure that each team has completed 12 dwellings each for a total of 24 before the group leaves the village.

Part III. Conducting the survey:The Team Supervisors will randomly select the Clusters before the field survey starts. In each Cluster 24 households have to be randomly selected. There are several methods to choose the households, which will be explained below. The first suggestion is the most desirable and the last suggestion the least desirable.Choosing the households to survey: General guidelinesThe household where the first interview is conducted should be chosen randomly.After finishing one household you will always go to the closest house to the left when you are facing away from the house.Finish all the households (24) in your cluster in the same day.A. Mapping the area to pick the starting household:If your cluster is in a small village:Map the village with all the households, number them and choose the starting household by picking a random number. This can be done by car if this is easier.B. Segmentation:If your cluster is in a village too large to map:Divide the village into a number of sectors small enough to map the households in any sector. Number all the sectors. Pick a sector by picking a random number.Map all households in that sector. Number each household. Pick the starting household by picking a random number. If your cluster is in a large city:

Follow instructions for “village too large to map”, repeating the “zooming in” process of picking a sector randomly until it is small enough to map and number all the households. C: Random Walk:If the methods described above don’t work do the random walk method:Locate the centre of your cluster. Spin a bottle. In the direction of the bottle, follow a line to the edge of the village, as you go along map and number the households on that line. Pick a random number between 1 and the total number of households on that line. Start surveying at the household with the selected number. If your cluster is in Pristina:Follow the instructions for finding your cluster and first household in Pristina.Because Pristina is a large city compared with a village, several clusters will be selected in Pristina by the supervisors. The city will be split up on a detailed map into different sections (clusters). These sections (clusters) will be treated as if they were villages and the same methods for choosing the households will apply for the sections of Pristina as for the villages.Selecting the rest of the households to conduct the interviews:After interviewing the people in the first household of your cluster, you will select the next household using the following guidelines. Select the closest household to the first one that is located to your left as you exit the household. All the households in the cluster will be selected this way always proceed to the closest house to the left as you exit the household where you just finished interviewing. You will interview people in 24 households in your cluster. Do not survey more than the 24 houses in your cluster. If there are uninhabited houses, just continue to the closest house to the left. If you reach a house where nobody is home ask the neighbors if people live there. If people live there, mark the location and return when you are done with the other households in your cluster. Always proceed to the closest to the left, unless you are coming back to survey a household where there was nobody earlier.If you reach the edge of the village and have not interviewed 24 households, keep following the perimeter of the village to the left and choose the next house to the left again.If you come to a building with several floors, where there are several different dwelling units, such as an apartment building, follow the following procedure:Count the number of floors in that building, choose a random number between 1 and the total number of floors, and begin your next interview at the first door to the left as you come onto the selected floor.After surveying all households on the initial floor, flip a coin. If you get “heads up”, continue to the floor above you, and keep surveying all households close to the left until you reach the top of the building, then continue outside of the building with the closest house to the left. If you get “tails up” continue to the floor below until you reach the bottom of the building, then continue outside of the building with the closest house to the left. Remember to stop when you have surveyed the 24 in your cluster, no matter where you are. If at some point you are in doubt, choose the direction RAMDOMLY and write down in your notebook what you did.Conducting the interview:

Introduce yourself to the members of the household. Tell them you work for the IPH/IRC and are conducting an interview about health.

Read the explanation of the survey to the head of household and ask if she/he agrees to participate. Try to arrange for a set-up that allows some privacy while a person fills out the questionnaire. It is best to try avoiding discussion between members of the household while the head of household fills out the questionnaire.Because of time constraints, it will not be possible to spend a long time talking at each household. Stay polite and friendly but avoid spending too much time in one household.

Definitions:- A Cluster is a group of populations units (like a village or a section of a city) for which the population size can be estimated.- A dwelling is a physical structure in which a number of families may live.- A household is a group of persons who usually eat and live together. If a displaced family is living temporarily in the dwelling,

then they are a separate household and should not be included in the list of people in that household.-

To choose randomly means to choose by chance, like by tossing a coin.

Duties of the team leader: Ensure that all rules and procedures in this manual are followed. Ensure the safety of the team by checking security issues with the local KFOR station before arriving at a particular village. Gather population information from the KFOR station if available to help in mapping the households in each village visited. Ensure that guidelines are followed in selecting the first village in the cluster to begin interviews, and guidelines are followed for

selecting the remainder of the villages to be surveyed. Ensure that any questions that interviewees have are appropriately answered. Has the authority to make final decisions in the field, when unexpected situations arise, or when things are unclear and somebody

needs to make a decision what to do next. Ensure that all forms are kept clean and safe and handed over to the supervisors at the end of the day. Discuss any questions or problems at the end of the day with the supervisors.

Appendix 5: Survey Questionnaire in English

Health Assessment of Kosovo

1. Date today: ____________ (dd/mm/yy) 2. Survey team No: ______ 3. Cluster No: ________ 4. Dwelling No: ________

5. Total No persons living in dwelling:_________ 6. No households in dwelling: __________

7. HOUSEHOLD: Present status

1 Displaced Not displaced

2 Displaced Not displaced

3 Displaced Not displaced

CHOOSE RANDOMLY ONE HOUSEHOLD (by method stated in instructions): 1 2 3

Location:

8. Was your family ever displaced from this dwelling since January 1998? Y N If no, go to question 10. If yes, ask the following:

9. If yes, was your family displaced: within Kosovo outside of Kosovo

Demographics and Mortality:

10. Who was living in your household during the month of January 1998?

Age (years)(months if <1yr)

Sex (M/ F)

Current Statusas of TODAY

If missing or dead, since which date

(mm/yy)

Died of which cause?

Died in Hospital: Y/N

1234567891011121314151617181920

1. Alive (living in home) 2. Alive (living away from home)3. Died4. Missing5. Unknown

1. Landmine injury2. Other War-related

trauma3. Chronic disease4. Infectious disease5. Suicide6. Unknown7. Other:

CURRENT head of household on the first line

We will now ask for information about all your family starting first with the head of the household and then all family members 5 years or older:

11. List everyone > 5 yrs who has regularly lived in the household during the past month, in first half of the table below.

12. Does anyone in the household suffer from a chronic mental and/or physical disease (see box below), diagnosed by a doctor, that limits their ability to work inside or outside the household? Y N

If no, go to question 13. If yes, answer middle part of table

13. List people who have sought medical care in the last 2 weeks: No of times sought care and type of facility used during this 2 week period.

11.

Age (yrs) Sex (M/ F)

Pregnant? (Y /

N)

12. Chronic Mental &/or Physical Illness

13. List people who have sought medical care in the last 2 weeks No times type of facility

12345678910

CURRENT Head of household on the first line

1. Poor vision (includes blind)2. Diabetes complications3. Renal Disease4. Heart Disease5. Lung Disease6. Depression7. Schizophrenia8. Amputated limb9. Mental Retardation10. Other:

__________________

1. None2. Ambulanta3. Health House4. Mobile clinic5. Private doctor/ private clinic6. Regional Hospital inpatient7. Regional Hospital outpatient8. Pristina Hospital inpatient9. Pristina Hospital outpatient10. Self-treatment11. Private Pharmacy12. State Pharmacy13. Other:

____________________

14. Are there any children in your family who are less than 5 years of age? Y N

If no, go to question 15. If yes, fill out table below.

Date of birth

(dd/mm/yy)

Sex(M / F)

Current Feeding Practice

Diarrhea last 2 weeks? (Y / N)

If breast feeding (BF)& had diarrhea in last 2

wks, did mother continue BF during bout of

diarrhea

ARI last 2

weeks?(Y / N)

List children who were taken to medical care in the last 2

weeks No times facility

BCG DPT No OPV No MMR

1234567

1.No2. Scar Present (for BCG only)3.Recorded on Immunization Card4.Positive Response from Caregiver5. Unknown

1. Breastfed2. Formula fed (Humana or

Babylac) 3. Cows milk

1. No 2. Yes3. Less than normal4. Unknown5. Not Applicable

1. None2. Ambulanta3. Health House4. Mobile clinic5. Private doctor/ private clinic6. Regional Hospital inpatient7. Regional Hospital outpatient8. Pristina Hospital inpatient9. Pristina Hospital outpatient10. Self-treatment11. Private Pharmacy12. State Pharmacy13. Other: ___________

Health Access and Cost:

14. In total how much money has the family spent on health care in the following categories in the past two weeks? Outpatient care ____________________ DM Inpatient care ____________________ DM Dental care _______________________ DM Medicines _______________________ DM Other_________________ DM15. How far is the nearest functioning health facility from your home? ________ km 16. Since war has ended , have you used private or public health facilities private public 17. If anyone in your family used a private health facility, why did you/they choose that type versus a public health facility? treatment not needed waiting time too long facility not functioning facility not available at time needed service cost no transportation other reason, (specify) ____________________ not applicable because used only public

Health Decision Making:

18. When your child has a cough or simple cold, how do you usually take care of him/her at home? no medication cough syrup antibiotic as soon as you notice child is ill folk remedy other (specify): ___________

19. When your child has diarrhea, how do you usually take care of him or her at home? decrease amount of food and liquids same amount food and liquids more fluids use Oral rehydration salts other (specify): _______________20. Who in the household usually makes the decision about whether to take the child with diarrhea to the doctor?

mother of child father of child maternal grandmother paternal grandmother other (specify): ________________

Water:

21. What is the major source of drinking water for your household? piped system well tank other (specify)______________22. Once you have collected your drinking water, what do you do with it? add chlorine boil do nothing other: _______________23. What was your major source of drinking water in 1997? piped system well tank other (specify)_______________

Sanitation:

24. What type of toilet facility is in your dwelling ? flush to sewage system flush to septic tank pit latrine defecation on the ground other (specify) ____________25. How do you dispose of your household solid waste? to household bin for collection to communal bin for collection to a dump used by many people to open ground to a river or creek by burning it other (specify) ____________

Income:

26. What is your major source of income? (choose only one) remuneration from family member abroad family savings self-employed/ business employment with gov’t organization employment with international organization aid from humanitarian organizations support from relatives and friends in Kosovo farmer other: specify: ________________

27. What is your secondary source of income? (choose only one) remuneration from family member abroad family savings self-employed/ business employment with gov’t organization employment with international organization aid from humanitarian organizations support from relatives and friends in Kosovo farmer other: specify: ________________

Appendix 6: Survey Questionnaire in Albanian

NJOFTIM I SHKURTERMire mengjez/mire dita

Ne jemi anetaret e grupit te anketes duke punuar ne bashkepunim me Institutin e Shendetesise

Publike,Organizates boterore te shendetesis dhe IRC-se.Ne do te deshironim me ju bere disa pyetje ne

lidhje me shendetin tuaj dhe familjes suaj.

Kjo ankete nuk ka lidhshmeri me asnje forme te ushqimit ose qellime tjera.Eshte nje angazhim qe do te

ju ndihmonte shoqatave shqiptare dhe internacionale ne marjen e vendimeve te mira ne te ardhmen reth

kujdesit shendetesore ne tere Kosoven.Pergjegjet e juaja do te na ndihmonin qe te marim informata te

mira ne lidhje me popullaten shqiptare te cilat nuk jane grumbulluar me vite.

Ne do te donim te bisedonim me te zotin e shtepise,e ne veqanti me nenen e ndonje femije.

Kjo ankete do te zgjat perafersisht 30-40 min.

VLERESIMI SHENDETESORE NE KOSOVE

1. Data: ____________(d/m/v) 2. Timi anketues Nr. ______ 3. Bashkesia Nr.________ 4. Vendbanimi Nr._____

5. Nr. I pergjith.i personave qe jetojne ne vendbanim: _______ 6. Nr.i familjeve ne vendbanim:________

7. FAMILJA: Gjendja e tanishme

1 Te Cvendosur te pa cvendosur

2 Te Cvendosur te pa cvendosur

3 Te Cvendosur te pa cvendosur

ZGJEDHENI NJE FAMILJE RASTESISHT(sipas metodes ne instruksione)

LOKACIONI

8. A eshte cvendosur ndonjehere familja juaj nga ky vendbanim prej Janarit l998? po jo

Nese jo shko ne pyetjen nr.10.Nese po,pyeteni metej:

9. Nese po,familja juaj eshte cvendosur ne Kosove jashte Kosoves

TE DHENAT DEMOGRAFIKE DHE MORTALITETI

10.Kush ka jetuar ne familjen tuaj gjate muajit Janar 1998?

Mosha(vitet)(muajt <1 vit)

Gjinia(M/F)

Gjendja e tanishmeSOT

Nese jane te humbur ose Te vdekur prej ciles date(m/v)

Shkaku I vdekjes Ka vdekur ne spital P/J

1

23

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

1. Te gjalle (ne shtepi)2. Te gjalle (jashte shtepise)3. Te vdekurs4. Te humbur 5. E panjohur

1. Lendime nga minat toksore2. Trauma tjera lidhur me luften3. Semuarjet kronike4. Semuarjet infektive5. Vetevrasjet6. Te panjohuraKryefamiljari ne

rend te pareTe pare

Tani do te ju pyesim lidhur me tere familjen tuaj,separi me kryefamiljarin e pastaj me tere anetaret e familjes 5 vjet e mete vjeter

11 Futi ne liste te gjithe ata te cilet kane jetuar ne familje gjate muajit te kaluar ,ne gjysmen e pare te tabeles se me poshtme.12. A vuan ndokush ne familje nga semuarjet kronike mentale ose fizike(shiqo boxin me poshte),e diagnostifikuar nga mjeku,te cilat e zvoglojne aftesine e tyre

per te punuar Ne ose jashte shtepise P J13. Bere listen e anetareve qe kane pasur nevoje per kujdese medicinal dy javet e fundit:Numri I kujdesit dhe tipi Isherbimit gjate ketyre dy javeve.

11 Mosha(viti) GjiniaM/F

Shtatzane(P/J)

12. Semuarjet kronike mentale & dhe fizike

13. Bere listen e anetareve qe kane kerkuar kujdes mrdicinal dy javet efunditsa here tipi I sherbimit medicinal

12345678910

1. Te pamurit e zvogluar( te verberit)2. Komplikacionet nga diabeti3. Semuarjet e veshkeve4. Semuarjet e zemres5. Semuarjet e mushkerive6. Depresioni7. Shizofrenia8. Amputacioni I gjymtyres9. Retardime mentale

1. Asnjera2. Ambulanca3. Shtepia e shendetit4. Klinika mobile5. Mjeku privat6 Hospitalizim neSpitalin regjional7 Kontrolla ne spitalin regjional8 Hospitalizim ne spitalin e prishtines9 Kontrolla ne spitalin e Prishtines10 Vet I mjekuar11 Farmaci private12 Farmaci shteterore13 Te tjera6. Kontrolla ne spitalin e prishtines

14. A ka femije ne familjen tuaj me moshe nen 5 vjet P J

Nese jo,shkoni ne pyetjen 15.Nese po plotesoje tabelen e meposhtme.

Data e lindjes(d/m/v)

GjiniaM/F

Menyra e ushqimit

Diarea 2Javet eFundit(P/J)

Nese me gjirin e nenesKa diare 2 javet e funditA ka vazhduar nena me IDhene femiut gji

Bere listen e femijeve qe kanPasur nevoje per mjekim dyJavet e funditSa here sherbimi

IAR ne dy Javet e fundit(P/J)

BCG DTP Nr Polio Nr MFR

12345

1.Femiu ne gji2.Me qumsht3.Te dyjat4.Asnjera

1. Po2. Jo3. Me pak se normal4. Epanjohur

1. Asnjera2. Ambulanca3. Shtepia e shendetit4. Clinik mobile5. Mjeku privat(ambulanca)6. Hospitalizimi ne Spitalin

regjional7. Kontrolla ne spitalin regjional8. Hospitalizimi ne spitalin e

Prishtines9. Kontrolla ne spitalin e Prishtines10. Vet I mjekuar11. Farmacia private12. Farmacia shteterore13. Te tjera

1. Jo2. Shenja prezent(per BCG)3. Regjistruar ne kartelen e vacc.4. Perrgjegje pozitive nga

kujdestari5. E panjohur

SHERBIMET SHENDETESORE DHE CMIMI15. Nese anetaret e familjes tuaj nuk kane shkuar ne ambulancat publike kur jane te semure per tu mjekuar,pse jo?

mjekimi nuk ka qene I nevojshem pritet gjate sherbimet nuk punojne nuk ka pasuir sherbime atehere cmimi pa transport te tjera aresyena(theksoji )__________________

16. Sa pare ka shpenzuar familja ne pergjithesi per kujdes shendetesore ne dy javet e kaluara?Kontrolla ambulantore______________DM Mjekime spitalore________________DMMjekim te dhembeve_______________DM Barna ______________DM Te tjera_______________DM

17. Sa eshte larg ambulanca nga shtepia juaj? _________ km

VENDIMET RETH SHENDETIT

18.Nese femija juaj kollitet ose eshte ftohur,si kujdeseni zakonisht per te ne shtepi? pa terapi sirup per kolli antibiotik sa me pare qe femiu semuret barera popullore te tjera

19.Kur femija juaj ka barkqitje,si kujdeseni zakonisht per te ne shtepi? zvogloni sasine e ushqimit dhe lengjeve te njejten sasi te ushqimit dhe lengjeve me shume lengje perdorni tretje orale kunder dehidrimit

20.Kush zakonisht ne familje mere vendim qe femiun me barkqitje te dergoni te mjeku? nena e femiut baba I femiut gjyshja (nene e nenes) gjyshi (nene e babes) te tjeret____________

UJI:

21. Cili eshte burimi kryesor I ujit te pijshem per familjen tuaj ujesjellesit bunarit rezervoareve te tjera

22. Kur e grumbulloni ujin e pijshem,cka beni me te qitni clor e vloni asgje para pirjes

23. Cili ka qene burimi kryesor I ujit te pijshem me l997 ujesjellesit bunarit rezevoarit te tjera _______

HIXHIENA24. Cfar tipi te nevojtores keni ne vendbanimin tuaj? sistem kanalizimi grope septike nevojtore ne oborr ne fushe te tjera _________

25. Cka beni me berllogun e shtepise? Ne koven e plastikes per grumbullim te berllogut Ne konteiner Ne nje vend te caktuar per berllog Ne nje grope te hapur ne lume ose procke duke e djegurTE ARDHURAT26. Cilat jane burimet e juja kryesore te te ardhurave?(zgjedheni vetem nje) te ardhurat nga anetaret e familjes jasht shtetit te kursyerat familjare vetepunesim/biznis nga org.shoqerore nga oraganizata internacionale ndihma nga org.huma perkrahje nga shoket dhe kusherinjet ne Kosove bujk te tjera:__________

27. Cilat jane burimet SEKONDARE te te ardhurave? (zgjedheni vetem nje) te ardhurat nga anetaret e familjes jasht shtetit te kursyerat familjare vetepunesim/biznis nga org.shoqerore nga oraganizata internacionale ndihma nga org.huma perkrahje nga shoket dhe kusherinjet ne Kosove bujk te tjera:__________

Appendix 7: Methodology

Using households as the primary sampling unit, we conducted a two-stage cluster survey in Kosovo between September 8 and 17, 1999. A household was defined as a group of people who normally live under the same roof and share meals. This definition often included extended families, a common living arrangement in Kosovo. If more than one household was present in the same dwelling, one was randomly selected. The sample size for the survey was calculated using EpiInfo Statcalc version 6.04b12, with the target number of individuals primarily calculated to achieve a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) at +/- 0.5% around an estimated mortality prevalence of 1.16% for the study period of February 1998 to June 1999. This estimate assumed a doubling of the average baseline crude mortality rate (CMR) of 0.31/1000/month (3.72/1000/yr) between 1994 to 1996.6,13 Assuming a design effect of 4, we calculated a total sample population of 6,440. Based on an average family size of 6 [., 1999 #6], it was necessary to sample a minimum of 1,073 households, which we rounded upwards to 1200 in order to allow for possible losses. A 50 cluster survey with 24 households per cluster was decided upon.

A population sampling frame was determined by adjusting the 1991 census data for Kosovo. This census had been calculated for the Albanian part of the population, by extrapolation from the 1981 census data, since the Albanians had boycotted the Yugoslavian census in 1991. It included estimates for almost all villages and cities within Kosovo. An adjustment factor was applied separately to each of the municipal population figures on the basis of more recent estimates: United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) – village health assessments and municipality estimates, UN military force called KFOR – municipality estimates, and AAH – food distribution lists for the city of Pristina. Four municipalities in which the Serbian population were the overwhelming majority were removed from the sampling frame, leaving 25 of the possible 29 municipalities to be sampled. One municipality (Mitrovica) is divided into the Serbian north and the Albanian south. Only the Albanian south was included in the population sampling frame. Serb-majority villages, determined by estimates from the UNCHR Protection office, were also excluded. Any village with a population size of less than 100 people was excluded due to peculiarities of the 1991 census, which amalgamated those village populations with the nearest larger village. Only the Albanian populations in the divided towns of Orahovac and Mitrovica were included in the sampling frame. We chose 50 clusters in order to increase our precision over a standard 30 cluster format and to allow for possible comparisons between strata. Fifty clusters were then apportioned into 4 strata – urban destroyed, urban non-destroyed, rural destroyed, rural non-destroyed, according to relative population size. Urban strata included any town with greater than 10,000 inhabitants. The classification of destroyed/non-destroyed strata were based upon information from the UNHCR Geographic Information Systems Unit and information from NATO satellite photos. Each municipality was ranked using a composite measure of damage based on these surveys, and municipalities with high levels of war-related damage to buildings were categorized as destroyed. Based on 50 clusters, we determined that 24 households in each cluster was required to reach our sample size. Within each strata, clusters were then assigned randomly using the calculated sampling interval (refer to map 1).

A 50 cluster household survey was then conducted. Fourteen teams of two persons underwent two days of training and a half day field trial. They then sampled 1197 households using a standardized questionnaire. Twenty-four households were sampled in each of the 50 clusters. The first household was chosen by the following method. The village center was determined. From there a random direction was chosen by spinning a pen. The team then walked or drove to the perimeter of the village in the chosen direction, noting the distance as measured on the vehicle odometer, to the nearest 0.1 km. A random number corresponding to the distance between the center and the perimeter in 0.1 km gradations was chosen and the closest house to this point was surveyed. Houses were then chosen consecutively moving to the left as the team exited the front door until a total of 24 were sampled. The

head of the household was identified and chosen to answer the questionnaire if present. If not present another adult member of the household was chosen. If no adult member of the household was home at the time, the survey team returned to that household later in the day. If there still was no one at home, the team selected the next house in that direction (that is the 24 th + 1 unit). There were no instances of household representatives refusing to be interviewed.

A household was defined as a group of people who normally live under the same roof and share meals. This definition often included extended families, a common living situation in Kosovo. If more than one household was present in the same dwelling, one was randomly selected.

Analysis was performed using EpiInfo version 6.04b12, including C-sample for determining standard errors and confidence intervals, which specifically adjusts for the error inherent in the cluster sampling methodology. Data regarding war-related mortality will be presented in detail elsewhere. This report will concentrate on the three objectives stated above. Natural causes were defined as all causes not directly attributable to a traumatic war-related trauma.

In order to improve our understanding of current mortality, we also gathered mortality data for a four week period (2 weeks retrospective and 2 weeks prospective) between August 22 to September 18, 1999, from all hospitals in Kosovo: Pristina (referral hospital), Prizren, Gjakova, Peja, Gjilan and Mitovica. Mitrovica is the only hospital which both Serbs and Albanians utilize in Kosovo. Due to security problems at the time of data collection, we only received data on Serbian mortality during this time period for this hospital. The following information was collected for each death: age at death, sex, cause, date of admission, date of death, and municipality of origin.

Breakdown of Kosovar Albanian population according to 4 strata:

The whole population was stratified into 4 strata: rural destroyed, rural non-destroyed, urban destroyed, urban non-destroyed. For the purposes of analysis, the strata were combined when necessary to constitute rural vs urban.

n=1,536,764

Appendix 8: Clusters chosen for Kosovar Albanian Survey, September 1999

# Municip Village/City (Serb) Village/City (Alb) Alb 91 Alb Adjusted Alb CumulativeAlb rural non destr -15 clusters          

1 Gnjilane Kisno Polje Kishnapole 869 602 4172 Kacanik Djurdjev Dol   366 382 7983 Kacanik Vata Vataj 1,303 1,359 2,1584 Kosovska Kamenica Koretin Koretin 2,702 3,934 6,0915 Kosovska Kamenica Rogacica Rogacice 2,080 3,028 9,1196 Lipljan Krajiste Krajishte 1,168 1,261 10,3807 Lipljan Varigovce Varigove 223 241 10,6218 Podujevo Dobrotin Dobratine 1,670 1,483 12,1049 Podujevo Majance Majanc 2,191 1,946 14,05010 Pristina Businje Busi 1,632 1,775 15,82411 Pristina Sarban Sharban 1,299 1,413 17,23712 Stimlje Stimlje Shtime 5,035 7,914 25,15113 Urosevac Grebno Greben 4,867 4,428 29,57914 Urosevac Varos Selo Varosh 2,600 2,365 31,94415 Vitina Mogila Mogille 827 807 32,752

Alb rural destroyed – 20 clusters          16 Decani Gornja Luka Lluka e Eperme 1,341 956 95617 Djakovica Crmljane Cermjan 2,037 1,687 2,64418 Djakovica Rogovo Rogove 4,028 3,337 5,98019 Glogovac Kisna Reka Kishnareke 1,521 1,426 7,40720 Glogovac Vasiljevo Vasileve 666 625 8,03121 Istok Trbuhovac Trubuhovc 1,013 793 8,82422 Klina Klina Kline 3,977 3,552 12,37623 Kosovska Mitrovica Gornje Zabare Zhabari i Eperm 998 637 13,01424 Orahovac Dobri Dol Dobrdoll 539 518 13,53125 Orahovac Ratkovac Ratkoc 3,465 3,327 16,85926 Pec Ljubenic Lubeniq 1,296 1,054 17,91227 Prizren Bljac Bllaq 1,360 1,364 19,27728 Prizren Korisa Korishe 3,599 3,611 22,88829 Prizren Romaja Romaje 1,662 1,667 24,55530 Srbica Donje Obrinje Obri e Ulet 1,789 2,194 26,74931 Srbica Novo Selo Novoselle 179 220 26,96932 Suva Reka Blace Bllace 3,363 3,485 30,45433 Suva Reka Musutiste Mushtishte 3,849 3,989 34,44334 Suva Reka Suva Reka Suhareke 7,663 7,941 42,38435 Vucitrn Nevoljane Novaline 1,230 1,175 43,558

Urban non-destoryed -9 clusters          36 Gjilan 2 west 11,778 11,77837 Urosevac 4 south 9,161 20,939

  Pristina  38 Dardania Dardania 1 east 15,155 15,155  39 Kodra e Diellit KD 1 1 east 9,943 25,098  40 L Muhaxherve 6,110 31,208  41 KT II -2 3,193 34,401  42 Ulpijana Ulpijana 2 west 10,936 45,337  43 Qyt I Vjeter Ali Sokoli 4,340 49,677  44 Lakerishtja 2 Korriku 10,670 60,347 

Alb Urban destr -6 clusters          

  45 Gjakove 2 west 9,630 9,630  46 Gjakove 4 south 9,630 19,260  47 Mitrovice 2 west 13,240 32,500  48 Prizren 2 west 8,929 41,429  49 Peje 1 east 12,010 53,439  50 Peje 4 south 12,011 65,450 

Appendix 9: WHO classification from World Health Report 1999:

Communicable diseases: total=21

diarrhea (8), viral hepatitis (2), pneumonia (2), TB (1), meningitis (2), AIDS (1), gangrene of limb (2), sepsis (3)

Non-communicable disease: total=93

stroke (17), cancer (15), myocardial infarction (13), COPD (1), drug overdose (1), multiple sclerosis (1), cerebral coma (18),

cardiomyopathy (11), renal insufficiency (3), cirrhosis (1), shock (1), acute thyroiditis (1), desquamous erythrodema (1),

hepatomegaly (1), pneumothorax (1), evisceration of gastrum (1), hydrocephaly (1), hypertension (2), diabetes (3)

Maternal conditions: maternal mortality (3)

Neonatal conditions: neonatal (51)

Nutritional deficiencies: anemia (1)

Injury: trauma (6)

Appendix 10: Taking care of children at home with simple cough or cold - or with simple diarrhea

Appendix 11: Member of household usually making the decision concerning taking a child with diarrhea to doctor

Appendix 12: Distance from dwelling of nearest functioning health facility

Total 3.184 (1.950, 4.418)Rural 4.123 (2.445, 5.801)Urban 1.030 (0.754, 1.305)RND 5.108 (1.885, 8.330)RD 3.400 (1.689, 5111)UND 1.171 (0.802, 1.539)UD 0.831 (0.428, 1.234)

Appendix 14: Percentage of Kosovar Albanian persons who sought health care in the 2 weeks before the survey

Appendix 13:

a. Type of Health Facility Used Since the War Ended by each Household

private facility public facility neither total hholds Total 59 (4.9 %) 1052 (87.9%) 86 (7.2%) 1197 RND 10 (2.8 %) 338 (94.2%) 11 (3.1%) 359RD 25 (5.2 %) 421 (88.1%) 32 (6.7%) 478UND 12 (5.6 %) 169 (78.6%) 34 (15.8%) 215UD 12 (8.3%) 124 (85.5%) 9 (6.2%) 145

a. Reasons For Not Using a Public Health Facility

Didn’t need to go to any health facility 31.6% Waiting time too long 11.4% No available transportation to public facility 11.4% Public facility not functioning 12.7% Facility not open at time needed 5.1% Other (poor conditions, knew

doctor at private clinic) 27.8%

# % 95% CI Total 1047/8175 12.8 strata rural 742/6177 12.0 [10.7, 13.4]

urban 305/1998 15.3 [13.3, 17.3]RND 353/2765 12.8 [10.6, 15.0]RD 389/3412 11.4 [ 9.7, 13.0]UND 168/1174 14.3 [12.5, 16.1]UD 137/824 16.7 [12.6, 20.9]

Appendix 15: Total #s and Percentages of Kosovar Albanians seeking health care by type of facility in the 2 weeks before the survey

Appendix 16: Percent Breakdown of Health Care Expenditures and Related Costs in 2 weeks prior to interview

Appendix 17: Current main source of water supply, purifying techniques used, and system of defecation

In households

Current type of water supply in householdpiped system well tank Other

total (1195) 542 (45.4%) [32.0, 58.8] 574 (48.0%) [35.6, 60.5] 61 (5.1%) [0.9, 9.3] 17 (1.4%) [0.3, 2.5]RND (359) 7 (2.0%) [0.02, 3.9] 310 (86.4%) [81.4, 91.3] 32 (8.9%) [4.6, 13.2] 10 (2.8%) [0.4, 5.1]RD (476) 181 (38.0%) [17.6, 58.4] 260 (54.6%) [34.2, 75.0] 29 (6.1%) [0.0, 16.0] 6 (1.3%) [0.0, 3.3]UND (215) 210 (97.7%) [(94.9, 100.5] 4 (1.9%) [0.0, 4.6] 11 (0.5%) [0.0, 1.4] 0UD (145) 145 (100%) 0 0 0

What do households do, if anything, to their water before consumptionadd chlorine boil nothing Other

total (1195) 30 (2.5%) [0.7, 4.4] 76 (6.4%) [3.3, 9.4] 114 (90.5%) [86.7, 94.2] 84 (0.7%) [0.0, 1.8]RND (359) 4 (1.1%) [0.0, 2.4] 12 (3.3%) [1.0, 5.6] 343 (95.5%) [92.1, 99.0] 0RD (476) 26 (5.5%) [1.2, 9.7] 45 (9.5%) [3.6, 15.4] 397 (83.4%) [76.3, 90.4] 8 (1.7%) [0.0, 4.6]UND (215) 0 0 100 0UD (145) 0 19 (13.1%) [0.0, 26.6] 126 (86.9%) [73.4, 100.0] 0

Current type of system for defecation used by householdflush to sewage system flush to septic tank pit latrine defecation on ground Other

total (1195) 417 (34.9%) [23.8, 46.0] 108 (9.0%) [4.2, 13.9] 639 (53.5%) [42.3, 64.7] 20 (1.7%) [0.6, 2.8] 10 (0.8%) [0.0, 1.8]RND (359) 45 (12.4%) [1.9, 23.0] 19 (5.4%) [0.0, 12.0] 290 (80.9%) [69.8, 92.0] 5 (1.3%) [0.0, 3.0] 0RD (476) 87 (18.3%) [4.9, 31.6] 68 (14.3%) [5.1, 23.5] 298 (62.6%) [47.2, 78.0] 14 (3.0%) [0.9, 5.2] 9 (1.8%) [0.0, 4.2]UND (215) 205 (95.2%) [88.9, 100.0] 1 (0.6%) [0.0, 1.7] 8 (3.8%) [0.0, 10.0] 0 1 (0.5%) [0.0, 1.4]UD (145) 128 (88.6%) [73.6, 100..0] 17 (11.4%) [0.0, 26.4] 0 0 0

Appendix 18: Methods of waste disposal by household in Kosovo

Appendix 19 Current sources of household income: primary and secondary

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