9 work study

7/31/2019 9 Work Study

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By: Vidhi

Faculty, GJSM

WORK STUDY

GJSM



A smile can brighten the darkest day

Introduction •

Means of improving ways and means of doing things is calledMethod study

• The aspect of setting work standards for comparison, controland other managerial action purposes is termed as Work

measurement.• Since the standards are mentioned in time units required to

perform a job, Work Measurement is alternatively called Time

Study

•

Method study and Time study together comprise Work Study• Work Study: The greatest production results when each

worker is given a definite task to be performed in a definite

time in a definite manner



Introduction of Method Study•

Systematic recording, analysis and critical examination ofexisting and proposed ways of doing work and thedevelopment and application of easier and newer productionmethods

•

Involves systematic, orderly and scientific approach toproblems

• Applications:

• Improved layout of office, working area or factory

•Improved design of plant and equipment

• Improved use of material, plant, equipment and manpower





•

Most effective handling of material• Improved flow of work

• Better working conditions

• Improved achievement with less effort

• Productive and efficient utilization of human effort



Six basic steps for method study•

Select–

select the work to be studied• Record – record all the relevant facts of the present (or

proposed) method by direct observation

• Examine – examine the facts critically in sequence

• Develop–

develop the best method, i.e. most practical,economic and effective under prevailing circumstances

• Install – install that method as the standard practice

• Maintain – maintain that standard practice by regular routine

checks




RecordingSYMBOL ACTIVITY PURPOSE

Operation Indicates the main steps in aprocess, method of procedure

Inspection Indicates inspection check,measurement, visual scrutiny for

quality or quantity

Transport Indicates movement of workers,materials or equipment

Temporary storage or delay Indicates a delay in sequence or events

Storage Indicates controlled storage wherean item is retained for referencepurpose




WORK MEASUREMENT•

It is the application of the technique designed to establish thetime taken for a qualified worker to carry out a specified jobat a defined level of performance.

• Purpose – to determine the allowed time for a qualified

worker to perform a given task, using a prescribed method,under a given set of conditions

• Work is divided into simple definable activities and assigned atime value. Usually undertaken after method study

•

to first decide the best method of doing job and then• Finding out the time required to do the same





Objectives•

Main objective is to obtain the time standard. Theperformance of an operator is then measured against it for the following purposes:

• Correct loading of labor

•

Correct loading of plant and machinery• Maintenance of sound incentive schemes

• Initial costing of product and subsequent control of thesecosts

• Assisting the future planning of the department• Assisting method study in the choice of better and quicker

methods




Procedure & Techniques•

Procedure• Similar to method study

• Includes selecting, recording, examining, measuring, compilingand defining work measurement

• Techniques• Time study – applicable to repetitive work

• Predetermined Motion Time Systems (PMTS) – applicable torepetitive and non - repetitive work




Time Study•

Carried out with direct observation of a work while it is beingperformed

• Records the time required to perform a task during a cycle

• Defined as – technique for determining as accurately as

possible, the time required to carry out a specific task by aqualified worker at a defined level of performance .




•

Essentials for time study–

• An accurate specification of job

• A system of recording the observed time taken by workers todo the job

• A clear concept of what is meant by standard rating• Means to assess amount of rest required during job

• Availability of measuring equipment




•

Objectives of Time Study• Establish standard times

• Rate operator performance

• Gain information to calculate overall production capabilities

• Advantages

• Knowledge about Standard Times to be expected

• Ability to estimate total Work content

• Operators can be appraised on factual grounds




•

Breaking the operation into elements• Number of cycles to be timed

• Observing and recording the time taken

• Performance rating

• Obtaining basic time BT = OT x Rating factor

• Allowances (Process, Relaxation, Policy)

• Allowed time




Predetermined Motion Time Systems• Based on the theory that all manually performed work is done by motions

of the human body

• For practical purposes there can only be finite number of motions

• Basic elements include:

• Reach for an object or a location

•

Grasp an object• Move an object a specified distance to a specified place

• Release it

• Other basic activities are

• Walking to a specific place

• Bending down• Kneeling on one or both knees

• Foot & leg motions

• Sitting down & standing




Work Study




WORKSTUDY

• Method study

Time Study

Improvedplanning

Higher Productivity




• Work study is the systematic examination of the methods of carrying outactivities and to set up standards of performance for the activities carriedout

• Objectives

• To save time & cost

• To analyze present method and develop new and better methods

• To increase productivity

• To improve efficiency of work so that resources could be effectively used

• Benefits

• Reduce cost and time for manufacturing

•

Production of more qualitative product• Improved layout

• Better working conditions

• Basis of reward

• Provide better control & performance

9 work study

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