UNIT 9 RLC

QUI (ENGLISH: WHO/WHICH)

Qui will replace the subject in the second clause. (Hint: You will see a

verb and qui will be your subject.)

Ils ont vu le chien. + Le chien est brun. = Ils ont vu le chien qui est brun.

« Le chien » is common in both sentences, but is the subject in the new

sentence.

D’autres exemples:

1. Voici Sarah. Sarah est la soeur de Paul. Voici Sarah qui est la

soeur de Paul.

1. L’équipe de foot a gagné le championnat l’année dernière. Le

championnat a eu lieu à Raleigh.

L’équipe de foot a gagne le championnat qui a eu lieu à Raleigh.

QUE (ENGLISH: THAT/WHICH/WHOM)

Que will replace the object in the second clause. (Hint: You will see a

subject and a verb in the second part of the sentence.)

Nous aimons Sarah. + Vous avez rencontré Sarah hier? = Nous aimons

Sarah que vous avez rencontré hier.

« Sarah » is common object in both sentences, and is the direct object in

the new sentence.

Note: You must also be careful with the preceding direct object and be

sure to make it agree. Voici la fille que tu as vue.

Autre exemple:

1. L’équipe de foot a gagné le championnat. J’ai regardé le

championnat à Raleigh.

L’équipe de foot a gagne le championnat que j’ai regardé à Raleigh.

DONT – (ENGLISH: OF/ABOUT WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE)

**Remember you will always have a preposition in front of an indirect object. When the

preposition is DE, use DONT as the relative. Also use DONT when showing possession

or ownership.**

Dont will replace DE + indirect object in the second clause. (Hint: You will

see a subject and a verb and dont will be your object.)

Je parle du livre. + Le livre est intéressant. = Le livre dont je parle est

intéressant. (parler de)

« Le livre » is common in both sentences, but is the indirect object in the

new sentence.

D’autres exemples:

1. J’ai besoin de l’ordinateur. L’ordinateur a Windows 8. L’ordinateur

dont j’ai besoin a Windows 8.

2. Philippe est le propriétaire de la voiture. La voiture est rouge. La

voiture dont Philippe est le propriétaire est rouge.

CE QUE AND CE QUI

• Ce qui and ce que are also relative pronouns, but they are indefinite

relative pronouns because they don’t refer to back to something

specific or already mentioned. Often they refer to something that

hasn’t been mentioned.

• Just like qui and que, ce qui and ce que introduce the next clause or

LINK two sentences.

• Ce qui and ce que differ many times refer to something that is understood

or an idea. They refer to something unstated and unspecified.

• What she does on the weekends... – Ce qu’elle fait le weekend...

• The thing that interests me most... – Ce qui m’intéresse le plus...

CE QUE (ENGLISH: WHAT, THAT, WHICH)

Ce que (what, that, which) functions as the direct object of the next sentence/clause

and will be followed by a subject and a verb.

Ce que becomes ce qu’ in front of a vowel.

Ce que je veux, c'est vivre longtemps. What I want is to live a long time.

Can you translate these to English?

1. Ce que nous voulons le plus, c’est de voyager.

2. C’est ce qu’il aime !

3. Tout ce que le comédien a raconté était drôle!

4. Ce qui est incroyable, c’est ce qu’ il a pu faire pour les enfants à Noël!

CE QUI (ENGLISH: WHAT, THAT, WHICH)

Ce qui (what, that, which) functions as the subject of the sentence/clause and will

be followed by a verb.

Ce qui m'intéresse, c'est le français. What interests me is French.

Can you translate these to English?

1. Ce qui fait la différence entre deux élèves, c’est la responsabilité.

2. L’amour est ce qui rend heureux.

3. Claire a gagné le prix... ce qui ne m’étonne pas comme elle chante si bien.

4. Ce qui est fascinant, c’est la fin du livre!

CELUI / CELLEDemonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronoun

Used to describe or modify a noun. Used in place of a noun.

This, That, These, Those

1. Comes in front of the noun.

2. Must agree with the noun.

3. Used for something close or

farther away.

I like that book. (‘That’ is in front of

the noun so it’s the adjective that

points out which book we’re talking

about.

This one, That one, These, Those

1. Takes the place of noun in front of

verb.

2. Must agree with the gender and

number

of the noun is replaces.

3. “-ci” and “-là” are interchangeable.

here/there

I like that. (‘That’ is the actual noun in

the second part of the sentence. It

points out what we’re talking about, but

only if the object is present and we can

see it, or if it’s been referenced

previously.

Masc. Ce ... monument est

l’Opéra.

Masc. Celui-

ci/là

... est la

Madeleine.

Fem. Cette ... église est vieille. Fem. Celle-

ci/là

... est moderne.

Ces ... garçons sont Masc. Pl. Ceux- ... sont pénibles.

Celui, celle, ceux, celles

Celui, celle, ceux, celles ('this one' or 'that one' in the

singular; 'these,' 'those' or 'the ones' in the plural) are

demonstrative pronouns.

They replace a specific noun, which has been mentioned

or is obvious from context, in order to avoid repeating it.

They agree in gender and number with the nouns they

replace.

QUEL / LEQUEL

Lequel, lesquels, laquelle, lesquelles are interrogative

pronouns, i.e. they are used in place of a noun.

They are used to ask the questions 'which one?' or 'which

ones?‘

À + LEQUEL

Compound relatives – they are made up of two words that are combined.

They are used AFTER A PREPOSITION. They carry the gender of the noun

they are reemphasizing.

Ex. La raison pour laquelle je suis à Paris, c’est pour travailler.

Les amis avec lesquels je voyage sont espagnols.

Compound Relative Pronouns:

lequel, lesquelles, auquel, à laquelle, etc…

Lequel can be used with the prepositions ‘à’ and ‘de’. When this happens you will

use certain contractions. As you will remember from French 1 and 2, when you

have ‘à’ beside ‘le’ you contract it to ‘au’.

Let’s review just the au contractions.

à + le = au / à + la = à la / à + les = aux

AUQUEL means ___TO, AT WHICH___ Each form below must agree in gender and

number with the noun it modifies. Here, because it is a pronoun, the noun is NOT

repeated. See the chart above.

Here, the à piece of these contractions IS A PREPOSITION. The relative

pronouns carry the gender of the noun it is reemphasizing.

Ex. L’homme auquelle je pense travaille au supermarché.

Les sports auxquels vous jouez sont très difficiles !

Nous organisons une fête à laquelle vous êtes invités.

possessive adjectives = show ownership

leursleurleurTHEIR

vosvotrevotreYOUR

nosnotrenotreOUR

sessasonHIS, HER, ITS

testatonYOUR

mesmamonMY

Englishmasculine singular **

feminine singular all plural

* * When your possessive adjective is in front of a feminine

noun beginning with a vowel, use the masculine singular form!!

Remember : Choose your adjective based on the item

itself being owned NOT the owner like in English.

Son = his, her, its - masculine noun

Sa = his, her, its - feminine noun

Ses = his, her, its - plural noun

Examples of how you use these adjectives with explanations:

your friend = ton ami or ton amie (even if she’s a girl you use the masculine form, ton,

because you need the consonant in front of the vowel)

my mother = ma mère (she’s a girl, so you use the feminine form)

our house = notre maison (house is feminine, but since the masc and femin form for our are the

same, it doesn’t change)

their brothers = leurs frères (more than one brother so you use the plural form)

his sister = sa soeur (feminine form because we’re talking about the sister not ‘him’)

her mother = sa mère (feminine again because of mother not the sister)

his father = son père (masculine form because father is male)

Des exemples

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNSThese agree with the noun and vary depending on the owner.

Study the chart below paying close attention to spelling and also the article

that comes in front.Ex. Mon chien est marrant. Et le tien? -- Le mien est marrant aussi.

Notre maison a un jardin. Et la vôtre? -- La nôtre (or la mienne) n’a pas de jardin.

SINGULAR PLURAL

MASCULIN FEMININ MASCULIN FEMININ

JE le mien la mienne les miens les miennes

TU le tien la tienne les tiens les tiennes

IL/ ELLE le sien la sienne les siens les siennes

NOUS le nôtre

la nôtre

les nôtres

VOUS le vôtre

la nôtre

les vôtres

ILS/ ELLES le sien la sienne les siens les siennes

Spelling change for the feminine forms.

Only the

article

changes.

Feminine form spelling change.

La Fin !

DE + LEQUEL

NEGATION – NE... QUE

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND

PRONOUNS