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IJETST- Volume||01||Issue||03||Pages 268-271||May||ISSN 2348-

9480 2014

International journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology

Design and Static Analysis of Micro Hydro Kaplan Turbine Blade

Authors

Karthik A.S.1, Arun S.Menasinkai

, !hetan !.Kokatnur

", Dr.S.#.Kurbet

$

1Basaveshwar Engineer ollege! "echanical #e$artment

%idyagiri ! Bagal&ot'()*102! IndiaKarthik.bvb2@gmail.com

2Basaveshwar Engineer ollege! "echanical #e$artment

%idyagiri ! Bagal&ot'()*102! IndiaArunmen446@email.com

+Basaveshwar Engineeringollege!"echanical #e$artment

%idyagiri! Bagal&ot'()*102!IndiaCkokatnur@email.com

4Basaveshwara Engineering ollege,"echanical #e$artment

%idyagiri! Bagal&ot'()*102!Indiakurbetsn@rediff.com

Abstract:

Vital eforts are needed all over the world to develop Micro Hydro KaplanTurbine used to generate electricity or domestic purpose.ue to increase oelectricity tarif in last ew years small Hydro Turbine plants becomeefective.!ince the runner o a Micro Turbine plant is "uite small# it has to bee$amined i the hub o the runner provides enough room or properadaptation mechanism. %n this conte$t potential height o &' eet isassumed on basis o which main characteristics o runner blades aredetermined.Then#%mportant data li(e )ow rate and parameters o runnerblades are establised or modeling o turbine and detailed stress analysis iscarried out in Ansys sotware.Keywords:Turbines#*AT%A VA+!,!

1. %ntroduction

-ydraulic .water/ turines are the machines which convertthe water energy .-ydro'$ower/ into "echanical energy,The water energy may e either in the form of $otentialenergy as we find in dams! reservoirs! or in the fo rm of&inetic energy in flowing water, The shaft of the turinedirectly cou$led to the electric generator which convertsmechanical energy in to electrical energy, This is &nown as-ydro'Electric $ower,

The a$lan Turine is a $ro$eller Tur ine which hasadjustale lades, It was develo$ed in 131+ y Austrian

$rofessor %i&tor a$lan! who com ined automaticallyadjusted $ro$eller lades with automatically ad justed wic&etgates to achieve efficiency over a wide range of flow and

water level, The a$ lan Turine was an evolution of therancis Turine, Its invention allowed efficient $ower$roduction in low'head a$$lications that was not $ossilewith rancis Turines, The head ranges from 10 '*0metersand out$ut from ('200"5,

The 6ro$eller turine and the a$lan turine are reactionturines, They have relatively small dimensions comined

with a high rational s$eed, -ence the generator dimension israther small and ine7$ensive, In addition! oth the 6ro$eller

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and the a$lan turines show a large overload ca$acity, Theinta&e of the flo w is radial, After the in let the flo w ma&es aright angle turn and enters the runner in an a7ialdirection,The difference etween the 6ro$eller and a$lanturines is that the 6ro$eller turine has fi7ed runner ladeswhile the a$lan turine has adjustale runner lades,6ro$eller turines can only e used on sites with acom$aratively constant flow and head while a$lan turinesare 8uite fle7i le, The a$ lan turine can e divided in

doule and single regulated turines, A a$lan turine with

adjustale runner lades and adjustale guide vanes is douleregulated while one with only adjustale runner lades issingle regulated, The a$$lication of a$lan turines are froma head of 2m to 40m, The advantage of the doule regulatedturines is that they can e used in a wider field, The douleregulated a$lan turines can wor& etween 1(9 and 1009of the ma7imu m design discharge single regulated turines!however! can only wor& etween +09 and 1009 of thema7imu m design discharge,

Timo las$ohler.200*/! made a study on design of the runnerof a a$lan turine, As the runner of the small hydroelectric

$ower $oint is 8uite small!the $ro$er ada$tation mechanism

Karthik A.S. et al www.ijetst.in Page268

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IJETST- Volume||01||Issue||03||Pages 268-271||May||ISSN2348-9480

2014

is to e chec&ed,then the main characteristics of runner aredetermined and forces acting on lade are found ,then thedetailed stress analysis is carried out,:1;%iorel ,

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IJETST- Volume||01||Issue||03||Pages 268-271||May||ISSN2348-9480

2014

$.1 !ase 1- In first case we consider four Blades for $ower

generation, Tangential force de$ends on the @umer of

Blades in o$eration,or four lades the ?esultant force of

14)3@ is develo$ed,

"." 'esulting orce

$. inear Static Analysis &f Blade 2sing Ansys

The study is made with the A@SS wor&ench software!

which offers a wide range of advanced ty$e analysis, -ere!

in this study a com$arison is made y varying numer of

Blades in o$eration and y varying stress relief grooves on

flange:2;,oads and su$$orts a$$lied on ladeC

i7ed ty$e constraint a$$lied to the flange

holes!which im$oses 0 value to the translations and

rotation to selected entities,

A7ial and Tangential forces are acting on the surface

of the Blade,

Standard Earth gravity is a$$lied,

igure 2CTetra "eshing

igure +,oads And ?estrictions A$$lied

orceD14)3@,

@u mer of BladesDfour,

Stress relieve grooves on flange:(mm #iameter

with four holes! Eight holes;,

Stress relieve grooves on flange:*mm

#iameter with four holes! Eight holes;,

igure 4, Stress ?esult or (mm #ia 5ith 4 -o les

Table 1.3on4Mises Stress 3alues for case 1

%on' @o,of (mm dia *mm dia

"ises holes

Stress4 34,()2"6a *1,0*"6a

) )4,(+"6a 30,2("6a

$. !ase - In Second case we consider si7 Blades for$ower

generation, Tangential force de$ends on the @umer of

Blades in o$eration, As the @umer of Blades increases the

tangential force decreases -ence! changing the resultant

force,or four lades the ?esultant force of 14*0@ is

develo$ed,

orceD14*0@,

@u mer of BladesDsi7,

Stress relieve grooves on flange:(mm #iameterwith four holes! Eight holes;,

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IJETST- Volume||01||Issue||03||Pages 268-271||May||ISSN2348-9480

2014

Stress relieve grooves on flange:*mm #iameter

with four holes! Eight holes;,

igure (,Stress ?esult or (mm #ia 5ith 4 -oles

Tale 2, %on'" ises Stress %alues or ase 2

%on' @o,of (mm dia *mm dia"ises holesStress

4 3+,*2"6a *0,1*"6a

) )+,(3"6a )3,11+"6a

5. !onclusions

The alculations carried out lead to conclusions that 405

$ower can e generated y using a $otential head of (0feet,The ada$tation mechanism in this re$ort is different to the

ada$tation mechanisms found in the literature, This is ased

on the small s$ace the hu $rovides, -owever! even though

the s$ace of the hu is little! it is enough to fit a $ro$er

mechanis m with wh ich to adjust the lades, The stress

analysis show that the ada$tation mechanism should e ale

to withstand the occurring forces, To design the runner some

sim$ lifications and assum$tions had to e made! as it is only

tests can really confirm that the ada$tation mechanism is

sufficient, -owever! the safety factor used in the stress

analysis should e high enough to avoid any significant

malfunction,

As $er the com$arison of Tale,1 and Tale,2 we can see that as we

go on increasing the numer of Blades the force acting on the

Blades reduces, But the material cost increases with increasing

numer of Blades, -ere! we have considered two cases where an

attem$t is made to study the %on '"ises stress ehavior of lades

with increasing diameter and increasing numer of holes, 5e can

see that there is only small amount of stress change com$aring with

numer of Blades, Then! the study is made y increasing the

diameter of the holes ,ro m co m$arison of tales we can conclude

that y increasingthe diameter of stress relieve grooves the amount

of stress generated is less! As $er our study *mm diameter with four

holes gives minimu m stress genereation in co m$onent, And the

conclusions are totally ased on static Analysis assuming $late to eflat!$ractically the stresses occurring may e different with changing

curvatures of

Blades,

The uture sco$e of wor& is to carry out the luid flowAnalysis and stress occurring in these cases will e totallydifferent fro m e7isting one,

'eferences

:1; Timo las$ohler! F#esign of the runner of a a$lanturine for small hydroelectric $ower $lants!G Tam$ere

Hniversity of A$$lied Sciences! "echanical engineeringde$artment,

:2; %iorel ,

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