9- control of microbial growth. mechanisms of action (moa) membrane protein nucleic acid factors...
TRANSCRIPT
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9- Control of Microbial Growth
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Mechanisms of action (MOA)
membrane
protein
nucleic acid
Factors
number
environment
microbial structure/characteristics
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& pseudomonads
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Disinfectant evaluation
Phenol coefficient
American official Analytical Chemist’s use-dilution method
In-use test
Disk diffusion test
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Heat
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standard measures
thermal death point (TDP)
thermal death time (TDT)
Decimal Reduction Time (DRT = D value)
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Moist heat
Steam
Autoclave
Pasteurizationtraditional
High-Temperature Short-Time (HTST)
Ultrahigh-Temperature treatment (UHT)
UHT sterilization
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Dry heat flaming oven
incineration
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Filtration
air: High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA)
liquid: porcelain & glass
paper
membrane
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Low temperature
Dessiccation
Osmotic pressure
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Electromagnetic radiation (4.1)
Irradiated food
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Phenol -> carbolic acid
Lister
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eugenol (clove oil)
thymol
pine oil
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Isopropyl alcohol = isopropanol
Ethyl alcohol = ethanol
Proof?
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tincture iodophor
Halogens
Iodine (I2)
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Ca(OCl)2 calcium
hypochlorite
NaOCl sodium hypochlorite
Na dichloroisocyanurate (Chlor-Floc)
chloramine
Halogens
ChlorineChlorine gas (Cl2)
Cl2 + H2O -> HOCl hypochlorous acid
ClO2 chlorine dioxide
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Oxidizing agents
Ozone (O3) peracetic acid
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Soap has a structure similar to that shown here for one type (sodium stearate). Soap works because it has the ability to interact with nonpolar (oily) substances as well as with water.
In an oil droplet suspended in water, the hydrocarbon residues (R-groups) of soap molecules are immersed in the oil, and the ionic ends extend into the water. Attractive forces between water molecules and the ionic heads cause the oil droplet to be solubilized.
Surfactants= Surface-Acting agents
emulsificationsometimes added: triclosan & triclocarban
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What’s the difference?
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Antibacterial soap Alcohol gel
(has triclosan)
Use with water Do NOT use water
Scrub 2-3 minutes Wipe on, wipe off
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cationic detergents = quaternary-ammonium detergents = (quats)
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Oligodynamic action: heavy metals
Ag
Ag
CuAlso: Zn, Hg, As
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formaldehydeglutaraldehyde
Aldehydes
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ethylene oxide propylene oxide beta-propiolactone
Gaseous chemosterilizers
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Food preservativesSO2 = sulfur dioxide (and _____ bisulfite or _____ metabisulfite or _____ sulfite)
benzoic acid/Na benzoatesorbic acid/K sorbateNa nitrite & Na nitrate
Personal caremethylparaben, propylparabenmenthol
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crystal/gentian violet
methylene blue
Dyes
Antibiotics (not used for treatment)
nisin natamycin = pimaricin
Other antimicrobials tea tree oil (terpin-4-ol) manuka honey (methylglyoxal)