8th Grade SAT 9 Review

• The purpose of this review is to revisit the concepts which will be covered in the STAR tests

Hey KIDS!! after the review we Hey KIDS!! after the review we will play a Jeopardy style review will play a Jeopardy style review game.game.

Take notes as these notes should Take notes as these notes should be studied for the Jeopardy Reviewbe studied for the Jeopardy Review

STANDARD 9a

• Plan and conduct a scientific investigation to test a hypothesis

Investigation and Experimentation

• Scientific inquiry refers to the different ways scientists study the natural world

• Process of scientific inquiry can be broken down into several steps, including– Posing questions – Developing hypotheses – possible answer

to a scientific question or an explanation for a set of observations

– Designing experiments – identify the variables, factors that can change in an experiment

Investigation and Experimentation– Collecting and interpreting data –

observations and measurements made in an experiment

– Drawing conclusions – sums up what you have learned from an experiment

– Communicating ideas and results

Investigation and Experimentation

3.A student wanted to find out if changing the volume of water changes its density. Which statement is a prediction that the student could test in his investigations?A Water is not very denseB The density of water increases as its

temperature increasesC The density of water remains the same no matter how the volume of the sample is

changedD Density equals mass divided by volume

ANSWER: C

Investigation and Experimentation4.A student conducting an experiment wants to

make sure his results are reliable. What should he do?A Repeat the experiment several times and average the resultsB Repeat the experiment several times and use the fastest resultsC Repeat the experiment using a different

responding variableD Repeat the experiment using a different

manipulated variable

ANSWER: A

STANDARD 9b

• Evaluate the accuracy and reproducibility of data

Investigation and Experimentation

• Making measurements and collecting data are crucial to the success of an experiment

• Accuracy – how close a measurement is to the true or actual value

• Reproducibility – how close a group of measurements are to each other. Data are reproducible when you repeat an experiment that has data similar to the data from previous experiments

Investigation and Experimentation

6.The actual length of a rectangular room is 6.60 meters. A student measures the length of the room three times and gets measurements of 7.49 m, 7.50 m, and 7.48 m. The student’s measurements can be described as

A both accurate and reproducible

B reproducible but not accurate

C accurate but not reproducible

D neither accurate nor reproducible

ANSWER: B

STANDARD 9c

• Distinguish between variable and controlled parameters in a test

Investigation and Experimentation

• Parameter is a factor that can be measured in an experiment

• Variable parameters change during the experiment– Manipulated variable – the parameter that is

changed– Responding variable – the parameter that changes

in response to the manipulated variable

• Controlled parameter – not changed during experiment

• Controlled experiment – only one parameter is manipulated at a time

Investigation and Experimentation• Manipulated variable:

slope of ramp. You change the angle of the ramp to see how it changes the speed

• Responding variable: speed. What we want to find out. The results that we measure

• Controlled Parameter: same ball used for each trial

Investigation and Experimentation

Responding Variable

(Dependent Variable)

y-axis

Manipulated Variable

(Independent Variable)

x-axis

Investigation and Experimentation8. Which parameter in this

experiment was the responding variable (dependent variable)?a. The temperature of the waterb. The location of the insulated mugc. The brand of insulated mugd. The length of time the water was allowed to cool

ANSWER: A

Investigation and Experimentation10. An experiment involves measuring the time it

takes for heat to be conducted along the lengths of several bars made of different substances. The bars have the same length and the same cross-sectional area. What is the manipulated (independent) variable in this experiment?

A the length of each bar

B the time during which heat is conducted

C the substance of which each bar is made

D the cross-sectional area of each bar

ANSWER: C

Investigation and Experimentation

11. A student designs a controlled experiment to test how the shape of an object affects how fast it falls when dropped. Which of the following is NOT a controlled parameter in the student’s experiment?A the shape of the objectB the height from which the object is droppedC the mass of the objectD the initial velocity of the object

ANSWER: A

STANDARD 9d

• Recognize the slope of the linear graph as the constant in the relationship y = kx and apply this principle in interpreting graphs constructed from data

Investigation and Experimentation

• Slope is the steepness of the graph line

• The slope tells you how much y (responding variable) changes for every change in x (manipulated variable)

• The rise moves up the y-axis• The run moves to the right

along the x-axis• The steeper the slope the

greater the rate of change

run

riseslope

Use the formula:

Graphing and Types of Graphs

12. What information does the slope of a line on a graph provide?

A how much y changes for every change in x

B how much x changes for every change in y

C how much the manipulated variable changes with the responding variable

D how much the independent variable changes with the dependent variable

ANSWER: A

Graphing and Types of Graphs

13. A scientist heated a balloon. As the balloon was heated, the gas inside expanded. The scientist measured the balloon’s size at every temperature increase of 10 degrees and then graphed the data as shown. What would be the size of the balloon if the temperature were 60°C?A 72 mLB 75 mLC 78 mLD 80 mL

ANSWER: C

Graphing and Types of Graphs

14. What is the slope of the line?

A 0.3°C/mL

B 0.3 mL/°C

C 3°C/mL

D 3 mL/°C

ANSWER: B

STANDARD 9e

• Construct appropriate graphs from data and develop quantitative statements about the relationships between variables

Graphing and Types of Graphs• Pie Charts or Circle Charts: used to display

the sizes of parts that make up some whole.

Graphing and Types of Graphs• Bar Graph: used to compare the

amount or frequency of occurrence of different characteristics of data. Best suited when there is a qualitative independent variable

Graphing and Types of Graphs• Line Graph: used to display data that show

how one variable (the responding variable) changes in response to another variable (the manipulated variable)

Graphing and Types of Graphs

15. On a line graph, the x-axis is labeled with the name of the

A manipulated variable

B responding variable

C controlled variable

D categories being compared

ANSWER: A

Graphing and Types of Graphs

16. A bar graph would be best used to graph which of the following?A showing how the mass of an object affects how fast it fallsB showing how far a train travels in a certain amount of timeC showing the percentage of Earth’s crust made up of ironD comparing the boiling points of different

elements

ANSWER: D

Graphing and Types of Graphs

17. A student collected these data while testing how the pressure of a gas changed at different temperatures. What kind of graph should the student use?A circle graphB line graphC bar graphD pie graph

ANSWER: B

STANDARD 9f

• Apply simple mathematic relationships to determine a missing quantity in a mathematic expression, given the two remaining terms including:

speed = distance / time

density = mass / volume

force = pressure x area

volume = area x height

MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS

• Use a mathic pyramid to determine the three equations for each 3 variable formula

• Speed = distance / time

• S = d / t D

S T

MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS

• Density = mass / volume

• D = m / V

m

D V

MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS

• Force = pressure x area

• F = P x A

F

P A

MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS

• Volume = area x height

• V = A x h

V

A h

STANDARD 9g

• Distinguish between linear and nonlinear relationships on a graph of data.

Graphing and Types of Graphs

• Linear graphs: data points fall along a straight line. Shows a constant rate of change

• Nonlinear graphs: data points do not fall along a straight line. Shows variable (increasing or decreasing) rate of change

The graph line will be either curved or bent

TRENDS IN GRAPHS

LINEAR RELATIONSHIP

NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP

TRENDS IN GRAPHS

NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP

NONLINEAR RELATIONSHIP

NO RELATIOH\NSHIP

Graphing and Types of Graphs

• Which compound shows a constant rate of change?

• Which compound shows an increasing rate of change?

• Which compound shows a decreasing rate of change?