8hwilliammilne home
DESCRIPTION
uskTRANSCRIPT
-
An Efficient Piston Pump for
Low-Yield Aquifers
John Dartnall
William Milne-Home
Andrew Reid
-
Trend-Morph-PDS
A Simple design approach
For complex mechanical (systems)
Three important phases in this (mechanical) design methodology:
Research the historical TRENDS in the various subsystems
Apply thorough MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS to prioritized areas
Carefully construct the product design specification (PDS) throughout the process.
-
Trend-Morph-PDS
My talk:
1.Preliminary innovative idea. Motivation
2.Trend analysis
3.Morphological analysis
4.Product design specification
5.Conclusions
-
Preliminary: Innovative Idea?
From an original design idea to improve a complex mechanical system?
Balancing many requirements
Assessing the best of many competing designs?
-
Existing Product Problems
Where the variety of existing competitive products is confusing to the market. Folklore abounds?
Where resellers lack product knowledge?
Where the models are so many and varied, resellers cannot afford to hold stocks?
-
Existing Product Problems
Minimal stock & manufacturing to order cause slow product delivery times.
Existing products are inefficient and expensive to operate.
Existing products have frequent failures (under warranty), are expensive and time consuming to maintain?
-
Case study: Australian farmers
bore pumps have problems
Remote from electrical grid.
So power by wind, solar or engine is appropriate
Chemically and physically aggressive water, causing corrosion and wear problems
Windmills: often subject to unreliable wind wind drought
-
Case study: Australian farmers
bore pumps have problems
Product flexibility: not considered
by manufacturers
Haphazard supply and service
Low energy efficiency in systems:
generally (7 to 30 %)
Low system reliability
-
Bore-hole pump technology.
What is it about?
Trend-Morph-PDS
-
1. PRIME MOVER,
2. TRANSMISSION
3. DOWN-HOLE PUMP
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MANY COMBINATIONS:
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1. PRIME MOVER
-
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MANY COMBINATIONS:
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2. DOWN-WELL TRANSMISSION
1. PRIME MOVER,
2. TRANSMISSION
3. DOWN-HOLE PUMP
-
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
MANY COMBINATIONS:
MA
NU
AL
/ A
NIM
AL
PO
WE
RE
D
WIN
D P
OW
ER
ED
E
NG
INE
DR
IVE
N
SO
LA
R P
HO
TO
VO
LT
AIC
EL
EC
TR
ICA
L G
RID
PR
IME
MO
VE
R /
PO
WE
R S
OU
RC
E
1
2
3
4
5
MO
VIN
G C
HA
INS
AN
D R
OP
ES
RE
CIP
RO
CA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
RO
TA
TIN
G R
OD
S A
ND
TU
BE
S
HY
DR
AU
LIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PN
EU
MA
TIC
PO
WE
R
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
ST
EA
M P
OW
ER
TR
AN
SM
ISS
ION
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N B
Y
EL
EC
TR
IC P
OW
ER
CA
BL
E
PO
WE
R T
RA
NS
MIS
SIO
N D
OW
N
TH
E B
OR
E H
OL
E
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
DYNAMIC PUMPS
PIS
TO
N A
ND
CY
LIN
DE
R
PR
OG
RE
SS
ING
CA
VIT
Y
DIA
PH
RA
GM
AIR
PU
MP
AN
D I
TS
DE
RIV
AT
IVE
S
OT
HE
R P
OS
ITIV
E
DIS
PL
AC
EM
EN
T P
UM
PS
CE
NT
RIF
UG
AL
MIX
ED
FL
OW
AX
IAL
FL
OW
MU
LT
IST
AG
E D
YN
AM
IC
VE
NT
UR
I
DO
WN
HO
LE
PU
MP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
3. DOWN-HOLE PUMP
1. PRIME MOVER,
2. TRANSMISSION
3. DOWN-HOLE PUMP
-
Trend-Morph-PDS
My preliminary idea, (1974):
Use solar energy as a power source.
During the 1970s and 1980s there were many solar researchers.
-
Combinations for solar powered pump
-
Trend Table
Element:WELL CONSTRUCTION, DIAMETERTrend: FROM OPEN WELLS TO SMALL DIA. TUBE WELLS
Element:SOCIO-ECONOMIC, DEMOGRAPHIC, APPLICATIONSTrend:FROM SMALL TO LARGE SCALE SYSTEMS, NOW SMALL, SUSTAINABLE
-
Trend-Morph-PDSTIME BC AD 1700's AD 1800's AD
ELEMENT
SOCIO-ECONOMIC,
DEMOGRAPHIC,
APPLICATIONS
CANAL IRRIGATION,
MINE DEWATERING,
DRINKING AND
BATHING WATER
DEWATERING MARSHES,
TOWN WATER SUPPLY,
PEOPLES' HANDPUMPS
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION,
POWERED MINE
DEWATERING
WIDE SPREAD GOVERNMENT
CENTRALIZED MANAGEMENT OF
WATER SUPPLY, POPULATION
SPREAD
WELL
CONSTRUCTION
OPEN WELL, MINE
DEWATERINGOPEN WELL OPEN WELL OPEN WELL / TUBE WELL
POWER SOURCEMANUAL, ANIMAL,
WIND?WIND, WATER STREAM COAL, WOOD
LIQUID AND GASEOUS
COMBUSTIBLE FUELS, SOLAR
THERMAL
PRIME MOVERMANUAL, ANIMAL,
WIND?
WIND PUMP, WATER
WHEEL PUMPSTEAM ENGINE
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE,
ELECTRIC MOTOR, AMERICAN
MULTIBLADE WINDPUMP
GEARING,
BALANCING
(MATCHING)
LEVER, COUNTER-
WEIGHT, WHEEL,
PULLEY SYSTEMS,
SCREW?
CRANK HANDLE, PEGGED
GEAR PAIRS, WINDLASS,
DIFFERENTIAL WHEELS,
FLYWHEEL, DOUBLE
ACTING, MULIPLE PISTONS
DIFFERENTIAL PISTONS, AIR
CHAMBER, STEAM
COMPENSATOR
TWO PISTON AND QUICK RETURN
TRANSMISSION OF
THE POWER DOWN
THE WELL
ROPES, CHAINS,
SHAFTS, RODS
STEAM DOWN THE WELL,
RECIPROCATING ROD
HYDRAULIC, ROTATING WELL
SHAFT
PUMP
SCOOP, BUCKET,
CHAIN BUCKETS,
ARCHIMEDIAN SCREW,
CTESIBIUS RAM
PISTON AND CYLINDER
VARIOUS RAM, AS WELL AS
PISTON AND CYLINDER
CONFIGURATIONS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP, VENTURI
PUMP, AIR LIFT PUMP
CONTROL SYSTEM HUMANWINDMILL STEERING AND
GOVERNING, SELF ACTING
VALVES
STEAM ENGINE GOVERNING,
PRESSURE PULSATION
CONTROL
STARTING CONTROL, WATER-WELL
LEVEL CONTROL AND
MANAGEMENT
MAIN EVENTS WATER WHEELSTEAM ENGINE INVENTIONS
OF SAVERY, NEWCOMEN AND
WATT
TUBE WELL PUMPS, I. C. ENGINE
DRIVEN PUMPS, AMERICAN
MULTIBLADE WIND PUMP AND
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
-
Trend-Morph-PDSTIME 1900 - 1925 1925 - 1950 1950 - 1975 1975 - present
ELEMENT
SOCIO-ECONOMIC,
DEMOGRAPHIC,
APPLICATIONS
FIRST WORLD WAR, MASS
PRODUCTION,
TECHNOLOGY EXPANSION
SECOND WORLD WAR,
NUCLEAR ENERGY, IDEAL
OF UNLIMITED ENERGY
1974 OIL CRISIS,
ENVIRONMENTAL
AWARENESS, RENEWABLE
ENERGIES
ADVANCEMENT OF DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES, PROLIFERATION OF
"ENGINEERING" BASED PRODUCTS
WELL
CONSTRUCTIONTUBE WELL TUBE WELL TUBE WELL TUBE WELL
POWER SOURCEWIND TURBINE
GENERATORSOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAIC
PRIME MOVERSUBMERGED ELECTRIC
MOTOR DRIVEN PUMP
SLIM (TUBE-WELL)
MULTISTAGE ELECTRIC
MOTOR DRIVEN PUMP
GEARING,
BALANCING
(MATCHING)
TRANSMISSION OF
THE POWER DOWN
THE WELL
ELECTRIC CABLES
PUMPSURFACE MULTISTAGE
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP,
DIAPHRAGM PUMP
SUBMERGED MULTISTAGE
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP,
PROGRESSIVE CAVITY
PUMP
CONTROL SYSTEMWIND GENERATOR SPEED
CONTROL
ANALOGUE ELECTRICAL
POWER CONTROL
BEGINNINGS OF DIGITAL
POWER CONTROL
PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER
CONDITIONING AND MANAGEMENT
MAIN EVENTSSUBMERGED ELECTRIC
MOTOR PUMP
SLIM MULTISTAGE
SUBMERGED ELECTRIC
MOTOR - PUMP
SOLAR PHOTO-VOLTAICCOMMERCIALIZATION OF THE SOLAR
PHOTOVOLTAIC PUMPING SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION OF THE VILLIAGE
HANDPUMP PROGRAM. EARLY
COMMERCIALIZATION OF VARIOUS
TYPES OF PUMPING SYSTEMS
POWERED BY D.C. GENERATED
POWER (SOLAR OR WIND TURBINE).
VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF EARLIER
SYSTEMS WERE PRODUCED:
SURFACE DRIVEN AS WELL AS
SUBMERSIBLE RECIPROCATING
PISTON PUMPS, CENRTIFUGAL
PUMPS, PROGRESSIVE CAVITY
PUMPS ETC
NUMEROUS EXPERIMENTS
WITH NOVEL SPECIALIZED
PUMPS, E.G. FLUIDYNE,
MANY PATENTED SOLAR
THERMAL PUMPS
-
WELL DIAMETER TREND:
FROM LARGE TO SMALL
-
Efficiency improvement: unresolved?
For LOW YIELD water wells:
The piston pump has a wide range of higher efficiency
-
Long Stroke ReciprocatorFor smoother, more efficient action
Long strokeMainly constant velocitySinusoidal end regions
Allows longer, smaller diameter down-hole pump
US pat 5,063,792
Endless flexible member
Carriage
Sliding elements
Gap in carriage
-
Morphology Code for conceptualising down-hole pumps
CODE FOR CONSTRUCTING DOWN HOLE PUMPS
Note: Only one half (the left half) of any symmetrical pump is drawn.
Element Symbol Element Symbol
Tube Cylinder
Rod Solid Piston
Step Seal
Valve Seat
Reciprocating
item - moving
down
Valve DiscStationary
item
Valve Cage Moving item
Assembled
Valve - open
Caged Valve
Element - limited movement
Assembled
Valve - closedSolid item
Fixing (to well
casing)
-
Pump Morphology 1
Early pumps
The plunger pump. This is one of the
oldest down well configurations dating
back to the James Watt era. The rod
was guided and its weight assisted the
pumping which occurred on the down
stroke. Clearly unsuitable for pumping
tube wells. Inertia of the rod limits
piston speed.
1
Standard wind - pump
having a thin rod. This is
single acting pumping on
the up stroke and charging
its cylinder at the same
time.
2
Standard wind - pump
with stepped rod. This
step has a plunger effect.
Pumping occurs on both
strokes and charging the
cylinder on the up stroke.
3
Single acting tube piston
pump. Pumping occurs on
the up stroke and charging
its cylinder at the same
time as for the standard
wind pump.
4
Double acting (single
volume) tube piston
pump. Pumping occurs on
both strokes. Charging of
its cylinder occurs on the
up stroke as for the
standard wind pump.
5
Plunger pump James Watt eraWeighted downward pump action
The plunger pump. This is one of the
oldest down well configurations dating
back to the James Watt era. The rod
was guided and its weight assisted the
pumping which occurred on the down
stroke. Clearly unsuitable for pumping
tube wells. Inertia of the rod limits
piston speed.
1
Standard wind - pump
having a thin rod. This is
single acting pumping on
the up stroke and charging
its cylinder at the same
time.
2
Standard wind - pump
with stepped rod. This
step has a plunger effect.
Pumping occurs on both
strokes and charging the
cylinder on the up stroke.
3
Single acting tube piston
pump. Pumping occurs on
the up stroke and charging
its cylinder at the same
time as for the standard
wind pump.
4
Double acting (single
volume) tube piston
pump. Pumping occurs on
both strokes. Charging of
its cylinder occurs on the
up stroke as for the
standard wind pump.
5
Standard wind pumpSucker rod liftingUp-stroke pump action
-
Pump Morphology 2
Dando-Ferry
double acting
pump, 1800s
DOUBLE ACTION
Extractible coreFour valvesFour sealsComplex fluid passagesDirt trapsNot fully double acting
See next slide
1111
-
Morphology 2a
Dando-Ferry double
acting pump
DETAIL DRAWING OF PREVIOUS:
Complicated!
-
Morphology 2a
Dando-Ferry double
acting pump
-
Pump Morphology 3
Author, conceptual double acting pump
This is the author's "U-tube" pump. It
was devised as a conceptual tool to
support the thinking process. It may
have some practical use! It arose in
answer to the question: "How does one
gang two piston valves together in such
a way that one pumps on the down-
stroke and the other on the up stroke?"
14
This double acting tube well pump was "invented" by
the author. It is almost identical to the Deming pump
above, one difference being that a piston valve replaces
the lower piston of the Deming pump. Another is that
the intake is through the vent port of the Deming pump.
The bottom intake valve of the Deming pump is
deleted.
15
CONCEPTUAL PUMP
Will not fit in tube well
Fully double acting
Derived from the question: can two ganged piston valves work in one tube?
-
Pump Morphology 4
Author, double
acting pump
This is the author's "U-tube" pump. It
was devised as a conceptual tool to
support the thinking process. It may
have some practical use! It arose in
answer to the question: "How does one
gang two piston valves together in such
a way that one pumps on the down-
stroke and the other on the up stroke?"
14
This double acting tube well pump was "invented" by
the author. It is almost identical to the Deming pump
above, one difference being that a piston valve replaces
the lower piston of the Deming pump. Another is that
the intake is through the vent port of the Deming pump.
The bottom intake valve of the Deming pump is
deleted.
15
An inversion from the previous conceptual pumpThis one will fit in a tube well.
-
Pump Morphology 5
Some double acting inversions:
16 Conceptual
17 Practical
This double acting tube well pump
was "invented" by the author. It is a
conceptual model It is almost identical
to the Deming pump above, one
difference being that a piston valve
replaces the lower piston of the
Deming pump. Another is that the
intake is through the open top of the
bottom cylinder. The bottom intake
valve of the Deming pump is deleted.
The author's next pump is a nested
transformation, which follows from
the circuit of this pump
16
This is one of the author's
configurations. It is a double acting
(say, 1.75 acting) rod driven pump. A
potential advantage with respect to
maintenance is that both valves and the
seal are on the rod and could be
extracted from the well with the rod
without removing the cylinder and its
casing. Slim, elegantly simple
17
This double acting tube well pump
was "invented" by the author. It is a
conceptual model It is almost identical
to the Deming pump above, one
difference being that a piston valve
replaces the lower piston of the
Deming pump. Another is that the
intake is through the open top of the
bottom cylinder. The bottom intake
valve of the Deming pump is deleted.
The author's next pump is a nested
transformation, which follows from
the circuit of this pump
16
This is one of the author's
configurations. It is a double acting
(say, 1.75 acting) rod driven pump. A
potential advantage with respect to
maintenance is that both valves and the
seal are on the rod and could be
extracted from the well with the rod
without removing the cylinder and its
casing. Slim, elegantly simple
17
CONCEPTUAL PUMP
Will not fit in tube well due to eccentric transfer leg. Fully double acting
PRACTICAL PUMP
Will fit in tube wellNear double actingtransfer through concentric centre tube
-
Double-acting Retractable Down-hole Pump Inversion 15 (similar)
-
Double-acting Retractable Down-hole Pump -Inversion 17 (similar)
-
Author: Complete Pumping System
-
1
2 Down-hole equipment size:Equipment to fit with clearance in a 100 mm ID tube well which
may be exposed rock or cased.limited
3 Flow rate: 0.05 to 2.0 l/s. limited
4 Pumping water level below ground: normally 5 to 40 m, possibly up to 80 m. limited
5 Pumping head above ground: 0 to 50 m variable
6 Total head: Maximum head is to be 100 m ? limited
7
Wide operating range* of highly
satifactory operation. (*head and
flow - see items 3 to 6)
Wide range of high efficiency - see item 10. Easy and inexpensive
to configure system using supplied components within this range.fail
8 Adaptable:May be configuered as hand, wind, solar, I.C. engine or grid
electric pump. Common sub-systems for surface and dam pump.fail
9No more that two sizes of any of the
major sub-systems.
Most competitors have sub-systems each requiring a range of at
least five elements in order to span the operating ranges - see items
3 to 7.
fail
10 Overall system efficiency:
To exceed the equivalent of 50% electricity to water efficiency
under normal operating conditions and over, say 80% of the head
and flow conditions.
fail
11 Minimal harmful effects: Total life cycle design including the following:
12 Capital Cost.
The pricing structure must including reseller's mark ups and must
be competitive with windmills, solar centrifugal, progressive
cavity, sucker rod and submerged piston pumps.
limited
13 ManufactureUse materials and processes appropriate for developing countries.
Follow guide lines as outlined in Arloseroff et.al.fail
14 AssemblyUse materials and processes appropriate for developing countries.
Follow guide lines as outlined in Arloseroff et.al.fail
15 DistributionDesign for transport by truck, trailer, rail and for storage on the
reseller's shop floor.limited
16 Reliability
Mean time between failures (unattended) to be of the order of two
years. Regular inspection and adjustment will be necessary and
acceptable. Overhaul every 5 years will be acceptable.
limited
17 Maintainability.
Eliminate need for over-well lifting equipment. Design so that one
person (female) can extract (and install) down-hole equipment. All
sub-systems serviceable by the typical Australian farmer in his
workshop.
fail
18 Supportability
Simple maintenance procedures with easy to follow documentation
supplied. Replaceable items to be readily accessible by post (for
immediate dispatch) to the purchaser.
fail
19 EnvironmentMinimal environmental impact. Atmospheric, ground-water, noise.
Recycle sub-systems and components.limited
Table 7.1
SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR THE PUMPING SYSTEM
Pump ground water to the surface and above/beyond for stock, domestic use, small- scale irrigation and
other "low volume" uses.
Competitors'
specifications
PRODUCT DESIGN SPECIFICATION
PDS
8
PUMP TO BE
READILY
ADAPTABLE
HUMAN / ANIMAL,
SOLAR, IC ENGINE
OR ELECTRICAL GRID
ALL
COMPETITORS
FAIL
9
NO MORE
THAT 2
SIZES
TWO SHELF ITEMS
MAY CONFIGURE FOR
ALL APPLICATIONS
COMPETITORS
FAIL. TOO
COMPLEX10
EFFIC-
IENCY
TO EXCEED (EQUIVALENT
OF) 60 % ELECTRIC INPUT
TO WATER
ALL
COMPETITORS
FAIL
-
1
2 Down-hole equipment size:Equipment to fit with clearance in a 100 mm ID tube well which
may be exposed rock or cased.limited
3 Flow rate: 0.05 to 2.0 l/s. limited
4 Pumping water level below ground: normally 5 to 40 m, possibly up to 80 m. limited
5 Pumping head above ground: 0 to 50 m variable
6 Total head: Maximum head is to be 100 m ? limited
7
Wide operating range* of highly
satifactory operation. (*head and
flow - see items 3 to 6)
Wide range of high efficiency - see item 10. Easy and inexpensive
to configure system using supplied components within this range.fail
8 Adaptable:May be configuered as hand, wind, solar, I.C. engine or grid
electric pump. Common sub-systems for surface and dam pump.fail
9No more that two sizes of any of the
major sub-systems.
Most competitors have sub-systems each requiring a range of at
least five elements in order to span the operating ranges - see items
3 to 7.
fail
10 Overall system efficiency:
To exceed the equivalent of 50% electricity to water efficiency
under normal operating conditions and over, say 80% of the head
and flow conditions.
fail
11 Minimal harmful effects: Total life cycle design including the following:
12 Capital Cost.
The pricing structure must including reseller's mark ups and must
be competitive with windmills, solar centrifugal, progressive
cavity, sucker rod and submerged piston pumps.
limited
13 ManufactureUse materials and processes appropriate for developing countries.
Follow guide lines as outlined in Arloseroff et.al.fail
14 AssemblyUse materials and processes appropriate for developing countries.
Follow guide lines as outlined in Arloseroff et.al.fail
15 DistributionDesign for transport by truck, trailer, rail and for storage on the
reseller's shop floor.limited
16 Reliability
Mean time between failures (unattended) to be of the order of two
years. Regular inspection and adjustment will be necessary and
acceptable. Overhaul every 5 years will be acceptable.
limited
17 Maintainability.
Eliminate need for over-well lifting equipment. Design so that one
person (female) can extract (and install) down-hole equipment. All
sub-systems serviceable by the typical Australian farmer in his
workshop.
fail
18 Supportability
Simple maintenance procedures with easy to follow documentation
supplied. Replaceable items to be readily accessible by post (for
immediate dispatch) to the purchaser.
fail
19 EnvironmentMinimal environmental impact. Atmospheric, ground-water, noise.
Recycle sub-systems and components.limited
Table 7.1
SPECIFICATION SHEET FOR THE PUMPING SYSTEM
Pump ground water to the surface and above/beyond for stock, domestic use, small- scale irrigation and
other "low volume" uses.
Competitors'
specifications
PDS
19 PDS ITEMS IN THIS LIST:
COMPETITORS FAIL 8 OF THEM AND HAVE LIMITED PERFORMANCE IN A FURTHER 11ITEMS
-
Trend-Morph-PDS
Low-yield fractured rock aquifers
Some applications...
-
Trend-Morph-PDS
More applications...
Fresh water lenses atolls and coastal aquifers
Stock and domestic water remote areas
Developing countries village water supply
-
Trend-Morph-PDS
CONCLUSIONS:
UNCOMPLICATED APPROACH TO COMPLEX (MECHANICAL) DESIGN SITUATIONS
DOES NOT BURDEN THE DESIGNER WITH PROCEDURE
IS SYSTEMATIC
ALLOWS FOCUS ON AND PRIORITISATION OF THE MANY INTERACTING AREAS AND SUB-PROBLEMS
-
Trend-Morph-PDS
THANK YOU FOR YOUR INTEREST