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UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA-2

By

Dr. Kalika Jha

Second Edition : 2013

© Publishers

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CONTENTS

● Solved PapersUnit-1 :

* Single Detection Theory …...……………..……………….… 2–18— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 12

Unit-2 :* Learning Theories ……………………..………………….… 19–56— Objective Type Questions …………………………………… 49

Unit-3 :* Models of Memory .....…………………………………….… 57–86— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 79

Unit-4 :* Cognitive Strategies …...…………..…………..………….… 87–108— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 101

Unit-5 :* Historical Antecedents of Motivation …...….………...….… 109–151— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 144

Unit-6 :* Intelligence and its Theories …...………..……………….… 152–171— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 164

Unit-7 :* Personality …...………………………….…...…………….… 172–197— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 191

Unit-8 :* Research Design …...……………..……………………….… 198–241— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 233

Unit-9 :* Psychological Scaling …...……………..………………….… 242–280— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 273

Unit-10 :* Methods of Physiological Psychology …...………..……...… 281–304— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 297

( vi )

Elective-1* Current Trends in Social Psychology …...……….....…...… 305–324— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 317

Elective-2* Development Processes …...……………...…..…………...… 325–344— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 337

Elective-3* Human Development and Individual Differences …...…..... 345–390— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 384

Elective-4— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 391–398

Elective-5— Objective Type Questions …….……………………………… 399–406

● Model Practice Set–1 ……………………………………………………. 407–412







Syllabus

PAPER–III (A)(CORE GROUP)

Unit-ISignal detection theory, subliminal perception

and related factors, information processingapproach to perception, culture and perception,perceptual styles. Ecological perspective onperception.

Unit-IILearning theories : Hull, Tolman, Skinner.Cognitive approaches in learning : Latent

learning, observational learning.Experimental analysis of behaviour :

Behaviour modification, Shaping Discriminationlearning.

Neurophysiology of learning.

Unit-IIIModels of memory : Atkinson and Shiffrin,

Craik and Lockhart, Tulving.

Semantic memory : Episodic, trace modeland network model.

Long-term memory : Retrieval cues,flashbulb memory, constructive processes inmemory, eyewitness testimony, autobiographicalmemory.

Biological basis of memory : The search forthe engram, PET scan, and biochemical factors inmemory.

Improving memory : Strategies.

Unit-IVCognitive strategies : Algorhythms and

heuristics.Convergent and divergent thinking.Decision-making; impediments to problem-

solving.

Creative thinking and problem-solving.Language and thought.

Unit-VHistorical antecedents of motivation from

Mechanism to Cognition.

Cognitive bases of motivation : Intrinsicmotivation, Attribution, Competence.

Measurement of motives : Issues andtechniques.

Gross-cultural perspectives of motivation :Achievement, Aggression.

Components of emotion : Physiological,expressive and cognitive.

Neural mechanism of emotion : Central andperipheral.

Measurement of emotions : Physiological,expressive and cognitive measures. Currenttheories of emotions and facial feedbackhypothesis.

Stress and coping : Reactions to stress,outcomes of stress.

Unit-VITheories of intelligence : Cattell, Jensen,

Sternberg Goleman.Creativity : Views of Torrance, Getzels,

Guilford.Intelligence and creativity : Relationship.Abilities and achievement : Concept and

role of emotional intelligence.

Unit-VIIClinical and growth approaches to personality.Existential and humanistic theories of

personality : Frankl, Rollo May, Maslow, Rogers.Personality assessment : Projective,

Psychometric and behavioural measures.

( viii )

Psychology of self : Western and Easternperspectives, measurement of self.

Unit-VIIIResearch designs : Correlational, factorial,

randomized block, matched group, quasiex-perimental, time series design.

ANOVA : Randomized and repeated.

Correlational analysis : Partial, multiple andregression analysis.

Factor analysis : Assumptions, methods,rotation and interpretation.

Unit-IXPsychological scaling : Purpose and

methods.Sources of bias in psychological testing.Ethical issues in psychological testing.Application of factor analysis in standardi-

zation of tests-with important illustrations.

Unit-XMethods of Physiological Psychology :

Lesion and Brain Stimulation.

Sleep and waking : Stages of sleep,Disorders of sleep and Physiological mechanismsof sleep and waking.

Ingestive Behaviour : Drinking and itsneural mechanism; hunger and its neuralmechanism.

Endocrine system : Chemical and glandular.

PAPER–III (B)[ELECTIVE/OPTIONAL]

Elective-ICurrent trends in Social Psychology.Social cognition.Social influence.Prosocial behaviour.Applied social psychology : Health,

Environment and Law.

Elective-IIDevelopment processes : Nature, Principles

and related.Concepts-maturity, experience factors in

development : Biogenic, Psychogenic andSociogenic.

Stages of Development : Theories ofDevelopment : Psychoanalytic, Behaviouristic andCognitive.

Various aspects of development : Sensory-motor, cognitive, language, emotional, social andmoral.

Elective-IIIHuman development and individual

differences.Motivation and learning.Factors in educational achievement.Social psychology of education.Teacher effectiveness.Guidance in schools : Needs, organizational

set up and techniques.Counselling : Process and areas.

Elective-IVDevelopment of industrial and organizational

psychology.Selection processes in organization.Organizational trainingPerformance appraisal.Motivation and work.Leadership.Work environment.Organizational behaviour : Theories,

socialization, effectiveness.

Elective-VPsychopathology : Concepts, classification

and causes : clinical diagnostics.Common clinical disorders.Mental retardation.

Mental Health : Intervention models andpsychotherapies.

UGC-NET/JRF Exam., June 2015 Solved PaperPsychology

(Paper-III)

Note : This paper contains seventy five (75)objective type questions of two (2) marks each.All questions are compulsory.

1. Which of the following is an application ofoperant conditioning ?(A) Aversive conditioning(B) Behaviour modification(C) Systematic desensitization(D) Transfer of learning

2. The basic assumptions of Humanisticapproach—(a) People are naturally striving to be

creative and happy.(b) It is possible to specify an universal set

of values that will provide people withmoral anchor enabling them to decidewhat is right or wrong and good or bad.

(c) It believes in uniqueness of individualsand they should be trained to realise theirinner potentials.

(d) All the innate potentials and growthmechanisms can be studied scientificallysimilar to natural success.

Codes :(A) (a) and (b)(B) (b) and (c)(C) (b) and (d)(D) (c) and (d)

3. Deductive and inductive reasoning refers to—(a) Universal to universal(b) Universal to particular(c) Particular to particular(d) Particular to universal

Codes :(A) (a), (b) (B) (c), (a)(C) (b), (d) (D) (d), (c)

4. According to Wallas creative performancecompletes through following sequence—(A) Preparation → Illumination →

Incubation → Verification(B) Problem funding → Problem

Identification → Incubation → Insight(C) Problem Identification → Preparation →

Incubation → Illumination(D) Preparation → Incubation →

Illumination → Verification

5. Read each of the following two statements—Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicateyour answer using the codes given below—Assertion (A) : Gf and Gc correlate positivelywith each other across the age levels, but withmoderate magnitude.Reason (R) : Gf and Gc have differentgrowth patterns. Gc grows rapidly inchildhood and adolescence whereas Gf growsrapidly during adulthood.

Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is thecorrect explanation of (A)

(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is notthe correct explanation of (A)

(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false

(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

6. In absorptive phase of energy metabolism,what is the position of insulin and glucagonhormones ?

(a) High insulin (b) High glucagon

(c) Low insulin (d) Low glucagon

Codes :(A) (a) and (b) (B) (b) and (d)

(C) (c) and (d) (D) (a) and (d)

2 | Psychology-III (U.G.C.) J-15

7. Pygmalion effect is—(A) Exceptional fall in the performance of a

student as a result of teacher’sexpectations

(B) Exceptional progress made by a studentas a result of teacher’s expectations

(C) Exceptional fall in the performance of astudent because of peer competition

(D) Exceptional progress made by a studentas a result of peer competition

8. Which one of the following semanticdimensions are measured by the ‘semanticdifferential scale’ ?(A) Evaluation and potency(B) Potency and action(C) Evaluation and action(D) Evaluation, potency and action

9. Conversion Disorder (Hysteria) is now placedin the category of—(A) Anxiety Disorders(B) Anxiety related Disorders(C) Somatoform Disorders(D) Psychological Factors Affecting Physical

conditions

10. Suppose Merry wants to know if she can learnSpanish by playing some language tapeswhile she sleeps. Her question concerns thegeneral topic of ………… and according tothe text, the answer would most likely be……… .(A) Subliminal perception; may be(B) Signal detection; no(C) Subliminal perception; no(D) Signal detection; may be

11. Read each of the following two statements—Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicateyour answer using the codes given below—

Assertion (A) : In the randomized two-groupdesign, if the mean difference between thetwo groups is analysed both by t and F tests, Fis always larger than t.

Reason (R) : In the randomized two groupdesign, the t2 = F.Codes :

(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is thecorrect explanation of (A)


(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

12. Which one of the following laid down thesocial foundation of organizationalbehaviour ?(A) Viteles (B) Munsturberg(C) Taylor (D) Mayo

13. Which theories of personality are consideredthird-force-movement in contemporaryPsychology ?(A) Psycho analysis(B) Behaviouristic(C) Humanistic/Existential(D) Cognitive

14. Read each of the following two statements—Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicateyour answer using the codes given below—Assertion (A) : Ego-involved learners aredriven by performance goals.Reason (R) : Ego-involved learners arepreoccupied with them serves and areconcerned with their evaluation by others.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the

correct explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not

the correct explanation of (A)(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

15. According to Piaget, which is the primarymotivating force behind development ?

(A) Accommodation (B) Assimilation

(C) Equilibration (D) Adaptation

16. Read each of the following two statements—

Assertion (A) and Reason (R) and indicateyour answer using the codes given below—

Assertion (A) : Method of loci helps keepingmemories intact and retrivable.

Reason (R) : Familiar loci are alreadyorganized in our long term memories.

Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the

correct explanation of (A)

Psychology-III (U.G.C.) J-15 | 3


(C) (A) is true, but (R) is false(D) (A) is false, but (R) is true

17. Which one of the following biases playimportant role in stereotyping and prejudice ?(A) False consensus(B) Illusory correlation(C) Priming(D) Confirmation

18. Which of the following glands does secretesex steroids that are released by the gonads ?(A) Adrenal medulla (B) Anterior pituitary(C) Adrenal cortex (D) Pancreas

19. Which one of the following was not anassumption of the foundation of ‘ScientificManagement’ propounded by Taylor ?(A) Interest of Employer and employees are

the same(B) Employees mostly want high wages/

salary(C) Employer want a low labour cost(D) Management of incentives has great

value

20. Which one of the following proposed the‘ABX’ theory of dyadic attraction ?(A) Header (B) Jones(C) Newcomb (D) Lombardo

21. The statement, “Normalcy and Abnormalcydiffer in degree not in kind” represents the……… of abnormalcy.(A) Deviance Criteria(B) Personal Discomfort Criteria(C) Statistical Criteria(D) Social Discomfort Criteria

22. According to signal detection theory detectionof stimuli depends on—(a) Their physical energy(b) Internal factors like relative costs(c) Absolute threshold(d) Internal factors like benefits with

detecting their presenceCodes :

(A) (a), (b), (c) (B) (b), (c), (d)(C) (c), (a), (d) (D) (a), (b), (d)

23. Which of the following are the sources oferror in social cognition ?(a) Counterfactuals thinking(b) Thought suppression(c) Magical thinking(d) Judging by resemblanceCodes :(A) (a) and (b) (B) (a), (b) and (c)(C) (a), (c) and (d) (D) (c) and (d)

24. Match the items of List-I with the items ofList-II. Select the correct response from theanswer codes given below—List-I

(a) Latent learning(b) Cognitive learning(c) Escape learning(d) Avoidance learningList-II

1. Learning a response to terminate anaversive stimulus.

2. Occurrence of learning is not evident inbehaviour until later.

3. A change in the way of processinginformations as a result of experiences.

4. Learning a response to avoid an aversivestimulus.

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 3 2 4 1(B) 2 3 1 4(C) 1 4 2 3(D) 4 3 1 2

25. The diagram below is an example of—

The boy hit the ball over the fence

(A) Constituents(B) Linguistic Universals(C) Morphemes(D) Underlying representation

26. Creativity is considered to be grouded inRight Hemisphere because—(a) Left Hemisphere specialises in sequential

and analytical processes.(b) Right Hemisphere specialises in global,

parallel and holistic processes.

UGC NET/JRF/SET Psychology (Paper-III)

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9789350133033 Author : Kalika Jha

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