8.3 population ecology
DESCRIPTION
Form 4 BiologyBiologi Tingkatan 4Chapter 8 : Dynamic EcosystemTRANSCRIPT
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POPULATION ECOLOGY
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Population ecology
The study of the relationship between: Dierent population
Populations and the environment
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Characteristics of a
population
POPULATION
SIZE
: number ofindividuals
making up the
populations
POPULATION
DENSITY :
number ofindividuals per
unit area / volume
POPULATION
DISTRIBUTION:
General pattern inwhich thepopulation
number generallydistributed
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Characteristics of a population
POPULATION SIZE : number of individuals making up the populations
POPULATION DENSITY : number of individuals per unit area / volume
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION : general pattern in which the population number are
distributed in the habitat
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Estimating population size
Plants: y the !uadrat sampling techni!ue
"nimals :
y the capture# mark# release $ recapturetechni!ue
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THE QUADRAT SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
%sed in estimating the si&e of plant populationand immobile animal'
" !uadrat ( metal# wooden frame or P)C pipeframe which form a s!uare of a known area *+
m,
-' Placed randomly in an ecosystem where
sampling is carried out'
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The quadrat sampling technique
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The quadrat sampling technique
%sed to determine:
*a- .re!uency ( number of times a particularspecies is found present when a !uadrat
is thrown a certain number of time
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The quadrat sampling technique
*b- Density ( the mean number of individualsof species per unit area
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The quadrat sampling technique
*c- Percentage coverage ( an indication ofhow much the area of !uadrat isoccupied by a species
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The capture, mark, release and recapturetechnique
%sed to estimate mobile animals *smallmammals# butteries# birds and insects- Procedure:
+' "nimal sample is captured
,' 0arked1' 2eleased
3' 4econd sample captured $ number ofmarked animal recorded'
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The capture, mark, release and recapturetechnique
Population si&e of the animal in the areacan be estimated using the formula below:
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REVISION
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The capture #mark# release# and recapture techni!ue
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5on to6ic permanent marker
• The mark must not be lost and must not inhibit normal bodyactivities
• The mark does not prevent the rat from randomly mi6ing withthe other unmarked rats
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Population 7 *+88 6 +38- /38 7 198 rats
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To give sucient time for the random dispersal and mi6ingamong the rats in the population
•;ncrease in number of the rats due to increase in birth rate
• Decrease in number of the rats due to death of old rats#diseases or eaten by predators
• 0igration *immigration or emigration- of the rats