8/27/20151 eee 338 power electronics introduction to power electronics dr. shahab ahmad niazi
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EEE 338POWER ELECTRONICS
INTRODUCTION TO POWER ELECTRONICS
Dr. Shahab Ahmad Niazi
POWER ELECTRONICS1. Mohan, Ned, Tore Undeland, and William Robbins. Power Electronics: Converters, Applications, and Design. 2nd ed.
2. Rashid, Muhammad H. Power Electronics and Electric Power. 2nd ed.
3. Kassakian, John G., Martin F. Schlecht, and George C. Verghese. Principles of Power Electronics.
EEE338-Syllabus
Introduction of Power Electronics, Solid State Devices for Power Electronics, Power Diodes, Power BJTs, Power MOSFETs, IGBT, SCR’s, GTO, & TRIAC and DIAC, SCR Firing & Commutation Techniques, Thyristors Characteristics, Construction, Operations & Applications, Thyristors Commutation, Half Wave and Full Wave Rectifiers, Un-controlled & Controlled Rectifiers. 3 Phase, 6-Pulse, 12-Pulse and 24 Pulse Rectifiers, AC Voltage Controllers, DC to AC Converters, Single Phase DC to AC Converters, Invertors, Half Bridge & Full Bridge Invertors, 3 Phase, 6-pulse & 12 Pulse Inverters, DC to DC Converters, Design & Analysis of Regulated Power Supplies, Switch Mode Power Supplies, Uninterrupted Power Supplies.
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Course Description
Examines the application of electronics to energy conversion and control. Topics covered include: Modelling, analysis, and control techniques; design of power circuits including inverters, rectifiers, and DC-DC converters; and characteristics of power semiconductor devices. Numerous application examples will be presented such as motion control systems, power supplies, and radio-frequency power amplifiers.
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Relation with multiple disciplines
Power electronics is currently the most active discipline in electric power engineering.
Power electronics
electronics electr
Electric machines
Circuit Ct theory
Systems& Control theory
Control
theory
Signal processing
Simulation & computing
electronics
Solid state
physics
Electromagnetics
Power systems
The interdisciplinary nature
Power electronics is the interface between electronics and power.
Power Electronics
学
Electronics
Power
学
Control
Continuous,
discrete
连续、离
散
Static & rotating
power equipment
Devices,circuits
POWER ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY
As the technology for the power semiconductor devices and integrated
circuit develops, the potential for applications of power electronics become
wider. The power semiconductor devices or power electronic converter fall
generally into four categories :
AC to DC Converter (Controlled Rectifier)DC to DC Converter (DC Chopper)AC to AC Converter (AC voltage regulator)DC to AC Converter (Inverter)
The design of power electronics converter circuits requires design the
power and control circuits. The voltage and current harmonics that are generated by the power converters can be reduced or minimized with a proper choice of the control strategy.
Power Electronics Application
Power Electronics defined as the application of solid-state (devices) electronics for the control and conversion of electric power.
Power electronics have already found an important place in modern technology and are now used in a great variety of high-power product, including heat controls, light controls, electric motor control, power supplies, vehicle propulsion system and high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems.
1.Uncontrolled turn on and off (Power Diode)
2.Controlled turn on uncontrolled turn off (Thyristors)
3.Controlled turn on and off characteristic (Power Transistor, BJT,
MOSFET, GTO, IGBT)
4.Continuous gate signal requirement (BJT, MOSFET, IGBT)
5.Pulse gate requirement (SCR(Silicon-Controlled Rectifier) , GTO)
6.Bidirectional current capability (TRIAC)
7.Undirectionalcurrent capability (SCR, GTO, BJT, MOSFET,
IGBT)
POWER ELECTRONIC SWITCHING DEVICES
The history
Mercury arc rectifier Vacuum- tube rectifier
Thyratron
Invention of Thyristor
Applicat ion of fast- switching fully- controlled semiconductor
devices
Power diode Thyristor
GTO GTR
Power MOSFET Thyristor
(microprocessor)
IGBT Power MOSFET
Thyristor (DSP)
Pre-history
1st phase
2nd phase
3rd phase
1957
1900
late 1980s
mid 1970s
Diagram Block of Converters
Power electronic system
Generic structure of a power electronic system
Control is invariably required. Power converter along with its controller
including the corresponding measurement and interface circuits, is also
called power electronic system.
Power Converter
Control input Controller
Reference
Power input
Power output
Feedback (measurements of output signals )
Feedforward ( measurements of input signals )
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Control Center
Micro-Turbine Hospital Commercial
Building
Fuel Cell Smart House Performance
Building
Combined Heat and PowerPlant (CHP)FactoryCommercial BuildingHouseApartment Building
Wind Power Plants Village Commercial
Building
Central PowerStation Solar Power Plants
CHP House
ImportanceIncreasing applications of Power Electronic Equipment in Power SystemsAvailability of high power semiconductor devicesDecentralized renewable energy generation sourcesIncreased power transfer with existing transmissionsystemEffective control of power flow needed in a deregulated environmentNorms for Power quality
Future Power System
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Listing of Power Electronic Applications
Distributed generation (DG) Renewable resources (wind and photovoltaic) Fuel cells and micro-turbines Storage: batteries, super-conducting magnetic energy storage,
flywheels Power electronics loads: Adjustable speed drives
Power quality solutions Dual feeders Uninterruptible power supplies Dynamic voltage restorers
Transmission and distribution (T&D) High voltage dc (HVDC) and medium voltage dc Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS): Shunt and Series
compensation, and the unified power flow controller
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Role of Power Electronics in Important Utility Applications
Power Electronic Loads: Adjustable Speed Drives
Controller
Motor
Utility
Rectifier
Switch-modeConverter
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Role of Power Electronics in Important Utility Applications
• Transmission and Distribution: Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
1 2 sinE E
PX
1E
2E
3E
+- 3E1E 2E
Shuntconverter
Seriesconverter
I
Shunt and Series Compensation
Series Compensation
Applications
Industrial applications Motor drives Electrolysis Electroplating Induction heating Welding Arc furnaces and ovens Lighting
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• hybrid cars, in which the primary electrical system is dominated by power electronics. Electric cars offer high performance, zero tailpipe emissions, and low costs, but are still limited in range by the need for batteries.
• Hybrid car designs use various strategies to combine both an engine and electrical elements to gain advantages of each.
• Inverters and DC-DC converters rated for many kilowatts serve as primary energy control blocks.
Hybrid Cars
Transportation applications
Trains & locomotives
Subways
Trolley buses
Magnetic levitation
Electric vehicles
Automotive electronics
Ship power systems
Aircraft power systems
Applications in space technology
Spaceship power systems Satellite power systems Space vehicle power systems
Trends
It is estimated that in developed countries now 60% of the electric energy goes through some kind of power electronics converters before it is finally used. Power electronics has been making major contributions to:
Better performance of power supplies and better control of electric
equipment
Energy saving
Environment protection
Heat Removal Mechanism
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SCR (stud-type) on air-cooled kits
Fin-type Heat Sink SCR (hokey-puck-type) on power pakkits
Assembly of power converters
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Ratings of Power Devices
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Summary
The characteristics of the power devices play a major role in the speed and effectiveness of the power conversion.
Power electronics uses low power electronics (ICs), control, and switching power devices for power converter and/or processing from one form to another.