816 black oak drive · 1. location · taurus littrow valley · drawing the map (triangulation) ·...
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816 Black Oak DriveMedford, OR 97504(541) 773-7877
Preston CarneyCorey Cattanach
Emma DautermanCody Holliday
Anne OurslerNolan PeardDashton PecciaMonika RuppeKayla Stevenson
Anna Thorndike
The
SMARTS
Apollo 17 Landing Site: Comparison of the Geology
with Petrology and M3 Spectroscopy
Outline
1. Location· Taurus Littrow Valley· Drawing the Map (Triangulation)· Site Numbers2. Background· Reflectance Spectroscopy· M3 Data· Weathering· Maturity3. Known Minerals and Baselines4. 3 Regions (South Massif, North Massif, Mare) and Outliers:5. Mineral Mixing Model: Breccias6. Pine Mountain
Our Project• Objective: To compare petrology,
mineralogy, and reflectance spectroscopy at the Apollo 17 landing site using the M3 data to better understand the geological makeup of the area.
• Apollo 17 landing site located in theTaurus-Littrow Valley.
Why did Apollo 17 go to Taurus-Littrow?
• Soils were thought to be ancient highland material
• Volcanic cinder cones indicate a young age• To determine the age of the mare• The LEM could land safely• Primary objectives can be completed
Drawing The MapTriangulation
2 km 2 km
Fig. 2 Lunar OrbiterApollo_17_5c.jpg
Fig. 1M3G20090107T011405750 nm albedo reflectance
Triangulation - The ProcessA. Looked for common features (red arrows)B. Reference 3 lines and plot a point where the 3 lines intesect on the new image (green lines)
Lunar OrbiterApollo_17_4_lbl.jpg
Lunar OrbiterApollo_17_4.jpg
Reflectance
• When light hits an object, some of it is absorbed into the object and some of it is reflected off.
Spectroscopy
• Whether a photon is reflected, absorbed, or passes through the material is dependent on the composition and structure of that material and on the energy of the photon.
• By analyzing the light reflected from the moon we can tell the composition of the soil.
Reflectance Spectroscopy• The light is split into its full spectrum.
• Data is graphed as light reflected per wavelength.
• Remove the continuum to better observe the spectral features.
Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3)
• 85-band imaging spectrometer• One of the six guest instruments on the
Indian Mission Chandrayaan-1 • It's objective: To map the mineralogy of the
lunar crust.
Five Known Minerals• Olivine• Clinopyroxene (cpx)• Orthopyroxene (opx)• Anorthosite• Ilmenite
OPX Absorption930, 1900 nm
CPX Absorption1000, 2200 nm
The Four Soils for which we have
Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Spectroscopy Data
Maturity measurement based on Is/FeO level:71061- 14 71501- 35 70181- 47 79221- 81
Effects of maturity and weathering on spectra:
Reddening (positive spectral slope)Weaker absorption bands
Sample GraphsOrthopyroxene
1000 nm 2050 nm 1020 nm 2150 nm
Clinopyroxene
Site 1 Spectra
990 nm 2150 nm
1000 nm 2080 nm 1050 nm 2180 nm
Petrology (in %) 71061/71501Plagioclase 13.9/16.5Clinopyroxene 21.0/17.0Orthopyroxene 0/.6Olivine 3.9/3.6Ilmenite 10.4/12.3sources: Charles Meyer #20-45 split
Heiken and McKay
Site 9 Spectra
1000 nm 2050 nm
1000 nm? 2080 nm
Petrology (in %) 79221Plagioclase 16.9Clinopyroxene 6.0Orthopyroxene 7.3Olivine 4.8Ilmenite 7.3sources:Charles Meyer #20-45 splitHeiken and McKay
Site 0 Spectra
2150 nm1020 nm
1000 nm 2150 nmPetrology (in %) 70181Plagioclase 8.9Clinopyroxene 10.3Orthopyroxene 0.3Olivine 3.6Ilmenite 8.9sources:Charles Meyer #20-45 splitHeiken and McKay
Putting it all TogetherThe Three Geologic Regions of the Taurus-Littrow Valley:
South Massif, North Massif, and Mare
North Massif
South Massif
Mare
M3 Spectra:How the Spectra Reflects the Three Geologic Region
M3 Spectra:How the Spectra Reflects the Three Geologic Regions
South Massif
North Massif
Mare
South Massif Area Location
South MassifApollo 17 Sample Sites 2 and 3
South Massif
North Massif Area and Sample Site 4 Location Map
Maturity of Site 4 (51), Site 6 (45-58), and Site 7 (80)
Site 4 870 nm 2123 nmSite 6 890 nm 2123 nmSite 7 900 nm 2132 nm
Mare Area Location Map
Mare AreaApollo 17 Sample Sites 1, 5, 0
Maturity of Site 1 (14-35), Site 5 (33), and Site 0 (47)
Site 0 990 nm 2132 nmSite 1 1010 nm 2163 nmSite 5 1010 nm 2132 nm
Sample Sites 8 and 9 Location Map
Apollo 17 Sample Sites that Lie Outside the Three Main Spectral Trends:Sample Sites 8 and 9
The Maturity of Site 8 (93)and Site 9 (81)
Site 8 890 nm 1953nmSite 9 930 nm 2000nm
Sample Sites 8 and 9: How does the mineralogy effect the albedo and spectrum?
Site 8
Petrology
Plagioclase 7.3Clinopyroxene 9.0Orthopyroxene --Olivine 0.6Ilmenite --
Other ObservationsDespite its rating of very mature, site 8 has a higher albedo than other North Massif samples due to a mineral composition deficient in opx, olivine and ilmenite.
Site 9
Petrology
Plagioclase 6.9Clinopyroxene 6.5Orthopyroxene --Olivine --Ilmenite 1.3Other Observations
Darker than 6,7,8 because of the presence of ilmenite and its' very mature rating. It is brighter than other mare basalts because of the increase level of plagioclase and decreased level of ilmenite. It differs from other mare basalts because it is comprised of opx.
Future Projects and ResearchLinear Spectral Unmixing
Due to the lack of time and of complete soil mineral composition data and spectra for the same soil samples from the Apollo 17 mission, we plan to continue this investigation by determining the spectral endmembers representative of the compositional endmenbers by using the modal mineralogy of breccias from each of the 10 sites to approximate the soil mineralogy.
Breccias• Breccias are congealed fragments of lunar soil.• Most Apollo missions collected regolith
breccias, a type of breccia composed of regolith.
• The breccias provide • great models for the• mineralogy of the lunar sites.
BrecciaThe breccias provide great models for the mineralogy of the lunar sites.
Continuation of Research
Image courtesy of Nolan Peard
Acknowledgments• Georgianna Kramer• Andrew Shaner• Jerry Burke• Paula Stenberg • Kevin Keating• Jeremiah Lewman
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