8/12/03

The Future of Networking

A Long Range View and

Opportunities for BRIN

Richard S. Wolff, Ph. D.rwolff@montana.edu406 994 7172August 12, 2003

8/12/03

Outline

• Major trends in Networking• Optical networks tutorial• Internet2 and beyond

• What does it mean for BRIN?• High-speed network applications • Getting better connectivity for us

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Continued Growth in Internet Usage

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Industry Trends- Single Fiber Capacity

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

1985 1990 1995 2000

Year

Cap

acit

y (G

b/s)

FiberizationDigitization

Multi wavelength transmissionto meet capacity requirementsSONET

Optical networkingfor increased functionalityATM, IP ...

Research Systems

Commercial Systems

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Wavelength Division Multiplexing

(WDM)

Multiple AmplifiersMultiple Amplifiers

SingleSingle

Optical AmplifierOptical Amplifier

..

• Increases capacity using existing fiberIncreases capacity using existing fiber

• Permits graceful growth, a wavelength at a timePermits graceful growth, a wavelength at a time

• Reduces cost of adding bandwidthReduces cost of adding bandwidth

04/18/23 page

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Optical Network Switching and Routing Strategies

Time

Static

Highly Dynamic

Static network configuration

Static network configuration

WDM channel provisioning

WDM channel provisioning

Integrated MPS routing

Integrated MPS routing

Optical switchingOptical

switching

Fewer, fixed connections

Frequent, flexibleReal-time connections

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What & Why of NextGen Optical Networking

• Customer-controlled fiber and/or lambdas• Opportunities for more bandwidth, non-

contention-based bandwidth & and breakable research networks

• Lower marginal costs of expansion by adding lambdas

• Platform for new networking research (connection-oriented) using lambda-switching

• Leverages unique market conditions: availability of fiber and optical equipment

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Outline

• Major trends in Networking• Optical networks tutorial• Internet2 and beyond

• What does it mean for BRIN?• High-speed network applications • Getting better connectivity for us

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Internet2 Universities202 University Members, March 2003

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Internet2Backbone Networks

GigaPoPOne

Internet2 Network Architecture

GigaPoPTwo

GigaPoPFour

GigaPoPThree

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Network Architecture

Internet2 InterconnectCloud

GigaPoPOne

Regional Network

University C

CommercialInternetConnections

University B

University A

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Internet2 GigaPoPs31 as of March 2003

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Leading & Emerging Optical Initiatives & Projects

• California (CENIC ONI), Connecticut (Conn Ed Network), Florida (Florida LambdaRail), Indiana (I-Light), Illinois (I-Wire), Maryland, DC & Virginia (MAX), Michigan, NY & New England (NEREN), North Carolina (NCN), Ohio (Third Frontier Network), Oregon, SURA Crossroads, Texas (Start of Texas)

• National LambdaRail (NLR), SURA NBC / USA Waves

• Northern Tier

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Outline

• Major trends in Networking• Optical networks tutorial• Internet2 and beyond

• What does it mean for BRIN?• High-speed network applications • Getting better connectivity for us

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Advanced Applications

http://apps.internet2.edu/

•Distributed computation•Virtual laboratories•Digital libraries•Distributed learning•Digital video•Tele-immersion•All of the above in combination

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Using the Internet for Bioinformatics

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Virtual LaboratoriesUsing UCSD facilities on line

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Watching the brain in action:MRI + High-speed networks + super computing

http://www.psc.edu/science/Goddard/goddard.html

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Access Grid: Reaching the World

East Carolina University

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A Few Access Grid “AG” Facts

– Developed by the Futures Laboratory at Argonne National Laboratory

– Deployed by the NCSA PACI Alliance

– The Access Grid is now in use at over 160 institutions worldwide

http://www.accessgrid.org

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What is an AG?

• Advanced Videoconferencing System• Internet2• Multicasting Technology• Multiple Sites around the World• Multiple Views of each Site• Interactive Environment• Shared Presentations and Applications• Small Personal Spaces• Large Collaborative Environments

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Who Uses AG?

• Higher Education Institutions

• Corporations

• Government

• Research Laboratories

• Supercomputing Centers

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What can an AG be used for?

• Share Research Developments and Methods

• Teach Joint Courses

• Host Special Educational Seminars

• Exchange ideas and join Dynamic discussions

• Large-scale Distributed Meetings with Colleagues Worldwide

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Use of the Access Grid Node Collaborative Research on Tumors

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Outline

• Major trends in Networking• Optical networks tutorial• Internet2 and beyond

• What does it mean for BRIN?• High-speed network applications • Getting better connectivity for us

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Why Does It All Matter?

• Our researchers need to be full members of all local, regional, national & international communities of interest• For many, this already requires high-performance connectivity from the desktop to the world• (For others, it will soon)

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Optical networks for demanding collaborative applications – beyond Internet2• Several applications at MSU that demand high

bandwidth connectivity, low latency, remote computation, real-time visualization:– CCB: Neuroscience application requiring distributed

processing, remote real-time access to multiple, distributed data sets

– Solar Physics: Satellite operations, Virtual Solar Observatory

– Ag Science: Multi-state program involving remote sensing data, visualization

– INRA Subsurface Soil Science PhD program

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Start with the campus

• 100Mbps switched to the desktop– More for specialized apps, 10Mbps switched where

necessary and accept its limits

– Drive at least to a fiber-based distribution system

• Multicast required for many apps• Tune key servers & clients!• Wireless for ubiquity & mobility• Bandwidth management where needed

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Key Intra-State Networking Strategies

• Technologies– Dark fiber -- where possible– High-speed leased services– Microwave– Emerging & non-emerging wireless approaches– Satellite

• Procurement Approaches– Leverage regulatory capabilities– Buy– Lease– “Partner” with vendors

• Collaborate with: K12? State? Feds? Museums?

Problems are regionally idiosyncratic

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Staying Connected!

• National initiatives are moving quickly and often exclude “us”

• We need to learn from what they’re doing and apply lessons where we can

• We need more help both from within and without

Problems are regionally idiosyncratic but national in scope

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Today’s research network backbone

PITPIT

PORPOR

FREFRE

RALRAL

WALWAL

NASNASPHOPHO

OLGOLG ATLATL

CHICHI

CLECLE

KANKAN

OGDOGD

SACSAC BOSBOSNYCNYC

WDCWDC

STRSTR

DALDAL

DENDEN

LAXLAX

SVLSVL

SEASEA

SDGSDG

BZNBILMIS

What’s wrong with this picture?

Proposals submitted to NSF and NCRR to enable Montana to participate in main stream e-science

8/12/03

Western BRIN InfoNet ProposalSubmitted to NCRR in July

• Develop and implement a plan that will provide a high-speed telecommunications network for biomedical researchers in the group of six rural states currently on the other side of the geographical digital divide

• Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, and Wyoming

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Western BRIN InfoNet ProposalPlans for Montana

• Connect the Montana State University network to the Internet2 backbone in Seattle with high-speed fiber

• Add Access Grid node capability dedicated to BRIN-related activities and engineered to interoperate effectively with other BRIN and Grid AGNodes

• Work with other in-state campuses to provide top quality end-to-end performance for BRIN resources including Access Grid Nodes

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Western BRIN InfoNet ProposalResearch Projects - examples

• Bioinformatics Grid, led by Sherrilynne Fuller at the University of Washington

• BIRN Project, a grid-based distributed collaborative environment for brain imaging data led by Mark Ellisman at U.C. San Diego

• NeuroSys Project, a data management system that allows individual researchers to annotate, query and share data led by Gwen Jacobs at Montana State University

• Plus others……

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“Now here you see, it takes all the running you can do to keep in the

same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at

least twice as fast as that!”

The Red Queen, inThrough the Looking Glass

by Lewis Carroll