8.1 chapter 20
TRANSCRIPT
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Welcome toResearch
MethodologyResearch Reports and PresentationDr. Myrza Rahmanita, SE, M.Sc[ ]
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Presenting Insights and Findings: Written Reports
CHAPTER20
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• That a quality presentation of research findings can have an inordinate effect on a reader’s or a listener’s perceptions of a study’s quality.
• The contents, types, lengths, and technical specifications of research reports.
• That the writer of a research report should be guided by questions of purpose, readership, circumstances/ limitations, and use.
• That while some statistical data may be incorporated into the text, most statistics should be placed in tables, charts, or graphs
Learning Objectives
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Guidelines for Short
Reports
Tell reader why you are writingRemind reader of request
Write in an expository styleWrite report and hold for reviewAttach detailed materials in appendix
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Components: Short Report
Memo or Letter-Style
Introduction Problem statement Research objectives Background
Conclusions Summary and conclusions Recommendations
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• Prefatory Information (all)
• Introduction (all, plus brief methodology and limitations)
• Findings• Conclusions• Appendices
Components: Short Report Technical
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The Long Research Report
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Report ModulesPrefatory InformationIntroductionMethodologyFindingsConclusions & RecommendationsAppendicesBibliography
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Components: Long
Report Managem
ent
Prefatory InformationIntroduction(includes brief methodology & limitations)FindingsConclusions & RecommendationsAppendices
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Components Long Report: Technical
Prefatory InformationIntroduction
Methodology(detailed)
FindingsConclusionsAppendices
Bibliography
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Prewriting Concerns
What is the report’s purposeWho will read the report
What are the circumstancesHow will the report be used?
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The Outline
Major Topic HeadingA. Major subtopic heading
1. Subtopica. Minor subtopic
1) Further detail
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Types of OutlinesTopicDemand
A. How measured1. Voluntary error2. Shipping error
a. Monthly variance
SentenceDemand for
refrigeratorsA. Measured in terms f
factory shipments as reported by the U.S. Department of Commerce1. Error is introduced
into year to year comparisons
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Adjusting PaceUse ample white space
Use headings
Use visual aids
Use italics and underlining
Choose words carefully
Repeat and summarize
Use service words strategically
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Considerations for Writing
Readability
Comprehensibility
Tone
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Avoiding Overcrowded Text
Use shorter paragraphs
Indent or space parts of text
Use headings
Use bullets
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Charts for Written Reports
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Components of a Whole or Frequency
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Relationships or Comparisons
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Sample Findings
Page: Graphical
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Findings Page Templates
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Appropriate Data Displays
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Text PresentationWal-mart regained its number-1 rank in the Forbes 500 due to its strong sales performance (11% increase; $351.1 billion). Although Wal-mart surpassed number-2-ranked ExxonMobil in sales, Wal-mart’s profitability ($11.2 billion) was far below the oil giant ($39.5 billion).Some credit several challenging public relations problems with the lower-than-expected level. Number-6-ranked General Electric also outperformed Walmart in profits with $20.8 billion. GE’s robust sales growth (27.4%) is an indication that it will likely challenge both Walmart and ExxonMobil in the future.
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Alternative Text Presentation• Oil giant and energy exploration leader ExxonMobil is the most
profitable company in the Fortune 500 due to record crude oil prices increasing its profits to $39.5 billion, compared to $11.2 billion for Wal-mart.
• ExxonMobil’s profits jumped 9% on a 2% increase in sales, while Wal-mart’s profits increased a mere 0.5% on an 11% increase in sales.
• General Electric provided a 27.4% increase in profits on a 7.1% increase in sales, and outperformed Wal-mart on profits ($20.8 billion to $11.2 billion).
• Although Wal-Mart regained the top spot in the Fortune 500, its performance shows signs of weakness in profitability.
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Body
Parts of a Table
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Tabular Presentation
Company RankRevenue
($, millions)Sales
Growth ProfitsProfit
Growth
Wal-Mart 1 $351,139.0 11.2% $11,284.0 0.5%
Exxon Mobil
2 $347,254.0 02.2% $39,500.0 9.3%
General Electric
6 $168,307.0 07.1% $20,829.0 27.4%
Wal-mart regained its number one rank in 2007 by increasing its sales 11 percent over its prior year’s sales. But it still trails in profitability.
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Sample Graphics
within Report
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Sample Line Graph
201020092008
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Sample Area Chart
Sample Pie Charts
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Sample Bar Chart
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Pictograph
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Geographs
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3-D Graphs
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Preparing & Delivering the Written Report
Prefatory Information
Introduction
Methodology
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Preparing & Delivering the Written Report
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Preparing & Delivering the Written Report