8. vocabulary
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Vocabulary
Wordpart of speech
Meaning Example sentence
abnormaladj
not normal for the human body This amount of weight loss is abnormalfor
women your age.
achenoun/verb
pain that won't go away I can't sleep because my knees ache in thenight.
acuteadj
quick to become severe/bad We knew the baby was coming right away
because the woman's labour painswere acute.
allergynounallergicadj
a body's abnormal reaction to certain
foods or environmental substances egcauses a rash!
"our son is e#tremely allergicto peanuts.
ambulancenoun
emergency vehicle that rushes people
to a hospital
We called the ambulancewhen $osh
stopped breathing.
amnesianoun
a condition that causes people to losetheir memory
I can't remember the accident because Ihad amnesia.
amputationnounamputateverb
permanent removal of a limb We had to amputatehis leg because the
infection spread so quickly.
anaemianounanaemicadj
occurs when the body doesn't haveenough red blood cells
I have low energy because I am anaemic.
antibioticsnoun
medication that kills bacteria and curesinfections
%y throat infection went away after Istarted the antibiotics.
anti-depressantnoun
medication that helps relieve an#ietyand sadness
The anti-depressantshelped me get on withlife after &ucy died.
appointmentnoun
a scheduled meeting with a medicalprofessional
I've made you an appointmentwith aspecialist in three week's time.
arthritisnoun
a disease that causes the joints tobecome swollen and crippled
%y grandmother can't knit anymorebecause the arthritisin her hands is so
bad.
asthma (attack)noun
a condition that causes a blockage ofthe airway and makes it difficult for aperson to breathe
I carry an inhaler when I run because Ihave asthma.
bacterianoun
a diseasecausing organism To prevent the spread of bacteriait isimportant that nurses wash their hands
often.
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bedsorenoun
wounds that develop on a patient'sbody from lying in one place for toolong
If you don't get up and take a walk( youwill develop painful bedsores.
benignadj
not harmful not cancerous! We're hoping that the tests will show thatthe lump in your breast is benign.
biopsynoun
removal of human tissue in order to
conduct certain medical tests
The biopsyruled out a number of illnesses.
blood countnoun
the amount of red and white blood cellsa person has
"ou will be happy to know that your bloodcountis almost back to normal.
blood donornoun
a person who gives blood to a blood
bank or other person
Blood donorshave to answer questions
about their medical history.
blood pressurenoun
the rate at which blood flows throughthe body high/low!
)igh blood pressureputs you at risk ofhaving a heart attack.
bracenoun a device that holds injured body partsin place "ou will probably always have to weara braceon your ankle when you jog.
breechadj
position of an unborn baby in which thefeet are down and the head is up
We thought it was going to be abreechbirth( but the baby turned himself
around.
brokenadj
a bone that is divided in two or morepieces as a result of an injury
We thought it was just a sprain( but itturned out his leg was broken.
bruisenounbruisedadj
injured body tissue that is visibleunderneath the skin
The woman was badly bruised when shecame into the emergency room.
Caesarean section, C-sectionnoun
procedure that involves removing ababy from its mother through an
incision in the woman's lower abdomen
The baby was so large that we had toperform a Caesarean section.
cancernoun
disease caused by the uncontrollablegrowth of cells
There are many different options when itcomes to treating cancer.
cardiopulmonaryresuscitation (C!)noun
restoring a person's breath andcirculation
"ou saved your brother's life byperforming C!.
castnouna hard bandage that is wrapped arounda broken bone to keep it in place %y leg was in a castfor graduation.
chapel, chapelinenoun
a place where loved ones can go topray for a patient's recovery*
a priest who visits patients in thehospital
If you want a place to pray( the chapelison the third floor.
chemotherapy type of treatment used on cancer %y mother has already had three rounds
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noun patients of chemotherapy.
chickenpoxnoun
a virus commonly contracted by
children( characteri+ed by itchy spotsall over the body
It is best to get chickenpoxas a child so
that you don't get it worse as an adult.
coroner
noun
a person who determines the cause of
death after a person dies
We only call the coronerif we think a
death is suspicious.
critical conditionnoun
requiring immediate and constantmedical attention
"ou can't see her right now* she's incritical condition.
crutchesnoun
objects that people with injured legs orfeet use to help them walk
I'd rather hop on one foot than usecrutches.
cystnoun
a sac in the bodytissue filled with fluidsometimes diseased!
We're going to remove the cystsjust to beon the safe side.
dea"
adj
unable to hear The accident left the patient both dea"andblind.
de"iciencynoun
a lack of something necessary for one'shealth
The tests show that you have aniron de"iciency.
dehydratedadj
in need of water It is easy for the elderly to become
dehydratedin this heat.
dementianoun
loss of mental capacity It is hard to watch a loved one sufferingwith dementia.
diabetes
noun
type of disease typically involving
insulin deficiency
,eople with diabeteshave to constantly
check their blood sugar levels.
diagnosisnoun
medical e#planation of an illness orcondition
The doctor would prefer to share thediagnosiswith the patient himself.
discom"ortnoun
e#periencing pain This pain medication should relieve some
of your discom"ort.
diseasenoun
a medical disorder that is harmful to aperson's health
I understand that this diseaseruns in yourfamily.
dislocated
adj
when a bone is temporarily separated
from its joint
"ou will have to wear a sling because of
your dislocatedshoulder.
emergencynoun
a medical problem that needsimmediate attention
It is important that children know whichnumber to dial in case of an emergency.
E! (emergency room)noun
the hospital room used for treatingpatients with immediate and lifethreatening injuries
The child was rushed into theE! after hehad a severe allergic reaction to a beesting.
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externaladj
on the outside This cream is for externaluse only. -o notget it near your ears( eyes( or mouth.
"alse negati#enounadj
a test that incorrectly comes back
negative
We had two "alse negati#epregnancy tests(
so we didn't know we were having a baby.
"amily historynoun
medical background of a person'sfamily members
The doctor was concerned about my "amilyhistoryof skin cancer.
"ataladj
causing death The doctor made a "atalerror when he
wrote the wrong prescription.
"e#ernoun"e#erishadj
higher than normal body temperature )e is very "e#erish( and his temperature isnear danger point.
"lu (in"luen$a)noun
many types of respiratory or intestinal
infections passed on through a virus
,eople who have the "lushould not visit
hospital patients.
"racturenoun"racturedadj
broken or cracked bone "our wrist is "racturedand needs a cast.
germnoun
a microorganism( especially one thatcauses disease
lowers are not allowed in the ward toavoid the risk ofgermsbeing brought in.
geneticadj
a medical condition or physical featurethat is passed on in the family
The disease is partgeneticand partenvironmental.
gro%thnoun
a ball of tissue that grows bigger thannormal( either on or under the skin
Thatgro%thon your shoulder is starting toworry me.
heart attacknoun
instance in which blood stops pumpingthrough the heart
,eople who smoke are at greater risk ofhaving a heart attack.
&'Vnoun
the virus that infects the human Tcells
and leads to I-0
&'Vcan be passed down from the mother
to her fetus.
hi#esnoun
bumps that appear on the surface of theskin during an allergic reaction
I broke out in hi#esafter I ate that potatocasserole.
illnessnounilladj
general term for any condition that
makes a person feel sick for a certainperiod of time
)er illnesswent away when she started
eating better.
immune systemnoun
the parts of the body that fight diseases(
infections( and viruses
"ou can't have visitors because your
immune systemis low.
immuni$ation nounimmuni$everb
an injection that protects against aspecific disease
1abies are immuni$edthree times in theirfirst year.
incisionnoun
cut in the body made during surgery I had to have stitches to close the incision.
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inconclusi#eadj
unclear We have to do more #rays because thefirst ones were inconclusi#e.
in"antnoun
young baby The nurse will demonstrate how to bathe
an in"ant.
in"ectionnoun
in"ectedadj
diseased area of the body viral or
bacterial!
The wound should be covered when you
swim to prevent it from becoming in"ected.
in"lamedadj
appearance red and swollen! of an
injured body part
%y right ankle was so in"lamedit was
twice the si+e of my left one.
inurynoun
damage to the body )er inurieswere minor* just a few cutsand bruises.
intensi#e care unit('C)noun
section of the hospital where patientsget constant attention and doctors relyon speciali+ed equipment
0he will remain in the I23 until she canbreathe on her own.
internaladj
under the skin( inside the organs The doctors will be monitoring her forany internalbleeding.
itchyadj
feeling discomfort on the skin's surface If you are allergic to this medication yourskin will get red and itchy.
'Vnoun
a tube that pumps liquids andmedication into a patient's body
The toddler was so dehydrated that thedoctor decided to get him on an'V.
lab resultsnoun
tests that come back from a laboratoryand help doctors make a diagnosis
The lab resultshave come in and you arefree to go home.
lab (laboratory)noun
place where samples of blood/urine etc.are taken for testing
I'll take these samples down to the labonmy way out.
li"e supportnoun
a machine that keeps patients alive by
helping them breathe
The woman has severe brain damage and
is currently on li"e support.
li"e-threateningadj
when injuries and conditions aree#tremely serious
The victim was shot in two places but thebullet wounds are not li"e-threatening.
light-headedadj
feeling of di++iness and being off
balance( caused by lack of o#ygen inthe brain
If you are feeling light-headed again( lie
down and call me.
malignantadj
e#pected to grow and get much worse
especially related to cancerous cells!
I'm afraid at least one of the tumours
is malignant.
medical school (med*school)noun
place where someone trains to be adoctor
fter eight years of medical schoolI canfinally practice medicine.
ne%born an infant that is less than three months "ou have to support her neck because she
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noun old is still a ne%born.
numbadj
no feeling in a certain body part The needle will make your lower body
feel numb.
+! (operating room)noun
the place where major surgeries andoperations take place
"ou must wear a face mask and gloveswhile you are in the +!.
operationnounoperate onverb
a medical procedure that involvesgoing inside a person's body in anattempt to fi# a problem
The operationlasted seven hours( but itwas successful.
painnoun
strong discomfort in certain areas ofthe body
We gave your husband some medicine torelieve some of thepain.
pain killer, painrelie#ernoun
type of medicine that takes away someor all of the discomfort of an illness or
injury
"ou can take twopain killersevery fourhours.
paraly$edadj unable to move certain areas of thebody We thought her legs wereparaly$edforlife( but she is learning how to walk.
patientnoun
a person staying in a hospital ormedical facility
Thepatientsin 4oom 5 are not gettingalong.
pharmacistnoun
a person who fills a doctor'sprescription and gives people adviceabout medication
sk thepharmacistif there is a genericbrand of this medication.
pharmacy, drugstorenoun
a place where people go to buymedication and other medical supplies
"ou should be able to buy a bandage atthepharmacy.
physiciannoun
doctor sk your familyphysicianto refer you to aspecialist.
poisonnounpoisonousadj
a substance that is very dangerous if itenters the human body
The child was bitten by apoisonous snake.
prenataladj
of the time period leading up to givingbirth
The woman was well prepared for labourbecause she took theprenatalclasses.
prescription nounprescribeverb
the correct amount and type of
medication needed to cure an illness orrelieve symptoms
"ou will need to visit your doctor to get
anotherprescription.
pri#acynounpri#ateadj
being alone* personal eg test results! "ou will have to pay for apri#ate hospital
room if you don't want a roommate.
radiationnoun
high energy 6rays that destroy cancercells
If the radiationdoesn't kill all of theabnormal cells( the cancer will come back.
residency part of a doctor's training that takes $ohn is a residentunder -r 1rown.
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residentnoun
place in the hospital*a student working under a doctor
routine check-upnoun
a doctor's appointment to check a
person's general health
I'd like to see you a year from now for
a routine check-up.
scrubs
noun
plain uniform usually green( white( or
blue! worn by medical professionals
I have some e#trascrubsin my locker.
scrub upverb
carefully wash hands before and after
seeing a patient
I have toscrub upand get ready for
surgery.
second opinionnoun
input from a second doctor about anillness or symptom
I went to another doctor to get asecondopinionabout these spasms.
sei$urenoun
sudden violent movements orunconsciousness caused by electricalsignal malfunction in the brain
,eople who suffer from epilepsy are pronetosei$ures.
shocknoun body not getting enough blood flow The woman was inshockafter being pulledfrom the river.
side e""ectsnoun
other symptoms that might occur as aresult of a certain medication or
procedure
7ne of theside e""ectsof antidepressants isa loss of appetite.
soreadj
painful I have asorethroat and a runny nose.
spasmnoun
the uncontrollable tightening of amuscle
8ver since I injured my leg I've beenhaving musclespasmsin my upper thigh.
specialistnoun
a doctor that is an e#pert in a certainkind of medicine
%y family doctor is sending me to aspecialist.
sprainnoun/verb
an injury less serious than a break! toa joint ankle( wrist( knee etc!
Isprainedmy knee playing soccer.
stable conditionnoun
a patient is stable if their medicalcondition is no longer changing rapidly
"ou can see your husband now* he is inastable condition.
stingnoun/verb
sharp( temporary pain It maystingwhen I insert the needle.
stressnounstressedadj
worry that causes muscles to tightenand blood pressure to rise
"ou need to take some time off work andrelieve some of yourstress.
s%ellingnouns%ollenadj
ligaments parts that hold the joints
together! growing bigger and rounderafter an injury to a joint
I knew my ankle was sprained because it
was sos%ollen.
symptoms pain or physical changes that occur "ou have all of thesymptomsof a diabetic.
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noun because of an illness or disease
temperaturenoun
amount of heat measured in a body*
higher than normal temperature
We brought $esse to emergency because he
was running a high! temperature.
tenderadj
painful when touched or used The incision was tenderafter the surgery.
test resultsnoun
medical information that helps doctorsunderstand a patient's condition orbody
The test resultscame back negative. "ouaren't pregnant.
therapynoun
treatment aimed at improving aperson's mental or physical condition
I was able to go back to work a few weeksafter starting the therapy.
transplantnoun
moving of an organ from one human toanother
The heart transplantsaved your life.
ultrasound
noun
a test that e#amines the body's internalorgans and processes using soundwaves often used during pregnancies!
The ultrasoundshows that we aree#pecting a baby boy.
umbilical cordnoun
the lifeline from the mother to the fetuswhen cut at birth this forms the bellybutton!
I had an emergency 2section becausethe umbilical cordwas wrapped aroundthe baby's neck.
unconsciousadj
alive( but appearing to be asleep andunaware of the surroundings
I hit my head on the steering wheel andwas still unconsciouswhen the ambulancearrived.
urine samplenoun
a small amount of the body's liquid
waste that is tested for different
medical reasons
The urine sampletells us how much
alcohol is in your blood.
#einnoun
the thin tubes that transport blood
around the body and back to the heart
I'm just looking for the best #einin which
to insert the needle.
#irusnoun
a dangerous organism that causes thespread of minor and major diseases
The #irusis contractible through thee#change of bodily fluids.
#isiting hoursnoun
time of day when friends and family areallowed to visit patients in hospital
I'm afraid you'll have to come backduring #isiting hours.
#omit
noun/verb
discharge of a person stomach contents
through the mouth
The pregnant woman can't stop #omiting.
%ardnoun
a section of a hospital or health facilitywhere patients stay
I should warn you that we're entering themental health %ard.
%heelchairnoun
a chair on wheels used for transportingpatients from place to place
If you get in the %heelchairI'll take youdown to see the garden.
%oundnoun injury to body 9flesh wound9 means The %oundedsoldiers are being airlifted to
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%oundedadj not deep! the hospital.
x-raynoun/verb
a photograph of a person's bones and
organs
The technician tookx-raysof my shoulder
to make sure it wasn't broken.
Medical upplies and ools
)ere is a list of some of the most common supplies found in doctor's offices( operating rooms( andmedical kits. 0tudy the vocabulary and try the matching e#ercise.
antiseptic liquid used to sterili+e clean! the surface of the skin
bandage a cloth covering that is placed over a wound to prevent bleeding( swelling andinfection
bandage scissors tool used to cut bandages
blood pressuremonitor
a tool that measures the force of blood flow through a person's body
dressing protective covering that is placed over a wound
elastic tape a thin roll of stretchy material that is sticky on one side
eye chart a poster of letter( word( and number combinations of various si+es used to testa person's eyesight
"orceps instrument used during operations and medical procedures assists the doctorin pulling( holding( and retrieving!
gau$e thin( netted material used for dressing wounds
hypodermic needle sharp pointed metal piece that pricks the skin attached to a syringe!( used fortaking blood or administering medicine
'V bag the pouch that contains liquids to be pumped into a patient's body
medicine cup small plastic measuring cup
microscope equipment that makes small things appear larger than they are
otoscope a device used for looking into a patient's ears
oxygen mask equipment that fits over the nose and mouth and supplies o#ygen
pri#acy screen an object that is used to separate the doctor and patient from others in an openroom
scales a device that measures a person's weight
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stethoscope equipment for listening to a person's heart and lungs
syringe a cylindershaped piece that attaches to a needle and can be filled with liquid
table and head-restpaper
paper that is placed on an e#amining table or headrest to prevent the spreadof germs
test tube glass cylinder that is filled with blood or other liquids and can be capped andplaced in a storage area
thermometer an instrument used to check a person's body temperature
#ial a small bottle or container used for storing liquids
Medical pecialists%edical specialists are e#perts in certain fields of medicine. They either treat specific parts of the body(
such as the back or the brain( or they speciali+e in certain diseases( such as cancer. amily doctors keepa list of local specialists and can help patients choose the right specialist for each medical issue. Inmany cases specialists require a re"erralfrom a family doctor before they will see a patient. )ere is alist of the most common types of specialists.
allergist: speciali+es in determining food and environmental allergies
anesthesiologist: speciali+es in pain prevention during surgery
cardiologist: heart specialist
chiropractor: back specialist
dentist: tooth specialist
dermatologist: skin specialist
"ertility specialist: helps people who have difficulty getting pregnant
gynecologist: speciali+es in women's needs
massage therapist: speciali+es in muscle rela#ation
mid%i"e: helps women deliver babies in a natural way
naturopath: speciali+es in natural cures and remedies
neurologist: brain specialist
obstetrician: specialist for pregnant women
occupational therapist: speciali+es in workplace health
oncologist: tumour specialist( including cancer
ophthalmologist: speciali+es in eye diseases
pediatrician: specialist for babies and children
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physical therapist: speciali+es in the body's movement
podiatrist: foot specialist
psychiatrist: specialist in mental health
radiologist: speciali+es in imaging tests
.+! C+/!'B'+/
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