8-3&4 Political 8-3&4 Political geographygeography

Key Issue: Why do States Key Issue: Why do States Cooperate with Each Other?Cooperate with Each Other?

(Supranationalism)(Supranationalism)

Easy Answer!Easy Answer!

There are 2 reasons:There are 2 reasons:

• Security (Political/Military)Security (Political/Military)

• Wealth (Economic)Wealth (Economic)

I. SecurityI. Security

A) The United NationsA) The United Nations• 1 – WWII1 – WWII• 2 – If at first you don’t 2 – If at first you don’t

succeed…succeed…• 3 – Better but limited3 – Better but limited• 4 – Neutrality4 – Neutrality• 5 – Critics5 – Critics

Where is the UN located????

B) Cold WarB) Cold War

1 – prior to WWII1 – prior to WWII 2 – post WWII2 – post WWII

a. NATOa. NATO b. Warsaw Pactb. Warsaw Pact

3 – Both Superpowers3 – Both Superpowers 4 – 1980’s – 1990’s4 – 1980’s – 1990’s Warsaw PactWarsaw Pact NATONATO

Copy the following, skip Copy the following, skip one lineone line between each.between each.

5 – Other Regional Organizations:5 – Other Regional Organizations: AUAU OASOAS OAUOAU Commonwealth of NationsCommonwealth of Nations *For Homework –(just identify to be familiar with them)*For Homework –(just identify to be familiar with them)

II. EconomicII. Economic

A) Prior to WWII (1900 – 1940)A) Prior to WWII (1900 – 1940) B) Bipolar World (1945 – 1980’s)B) Bipolar World (1945 – 1980’s) C) Post Cold War (mid-1980’s – today)C) Post Cold War (mid-1980’s – today)

• 1 – State power today increasingly ___________ 1 – State power today increasingly ___________ rather than ___________. Example:rather than ___________. Example:

• 2 – Leading Superpower is NOT a single sate but 2 – Leading Superpower is NOT a single sate but an ______________ Union. Called the EU – an ______________ Union. Called the EU – stands for ____________________. What country stands for ____________________. What country is the strongest industrially in the EU?is the strongest industrially in the EU?

economic

military

economicEuropean Union

This One!!!

What’sThis regionCalled?

A

B

C

D

E

As a groupWhat areThese countriesCalled?

D) Facts About The European D) Facts About The European Union (EU)Union (EU)

Due as Homework – Skip number of lines found in red Due as Homework – Skip number of lines found in red after each heading. Highlight the heading. Fill in with after each heading. Highlight the heading. Fill in with notes for homework. (284-287)notes for homework. (284-287)

1 – Date Established: 1 – Date Established: (1)(1) 2 – Expansion of EU over time (why)2 – Expansion of EU over time (why)(3)(3) 3 – Political Organization 3 – Political Organization (1)(1) 4 – Main Goal/Task 4 – Main Goal/Task (1)(1) 5 – Benefits of the Union 5 – Benefits of the Union (3)(3) 6 – Result of the “Union” 6 – Result of the “Union” (1)(1)

Key Issue 4: Why Has Terrorism Key Issue 4: Why Has Terrorism Increased?Increased?

Point 1 – Terrorism is the systematic use of violence by Point 1 – Terrorism is the systematic use of violence by a group in order to a group in order to intimidate a populationintimidate a population or or coerce a coerce a governmentgovernment into granting its demands. into granting its demands.

Point 2 – Terrorists believe that violence is necessary to Point 2 – Terrorists believe that violence is necessary to bring bring widespread publicitywidespread publicity to goals and grievances that to goals and grievances that are not being addressed through peaceful means.are not being addressed through peaceful means.

Point 3 – Terrorists may strongly believe in their cause to Point 3 – Terrorists may strongly believe in their cause to the point of the point of freely and purposely committing suicidefreely and purposely committing suicide to commit violent acts.to commit violent acts.

Point 4 – Terrorism differs from assassinations Point 4 – Terrorism differs from assassinations and other acts of political violence because and other acts of political violence because attacks are aimed at ordinary people rather than attacks are aimed at ordinary people rather than military targets or political leaders. military targets or political leaders. Terrorists Terrorists consider all citizens responsible for the actions consider all citizens responsible for the actions being opposed so all citizens qualify as targets.being opposed so all citizens qualify as targets.

Point 5 – Terrorism is Point 5 – Terrorism is not always easy to definenot always easy to define. . What is considered a terrorist attack by one What is considered a terrorist attack by one group is NOT necessarily looked at that way by group is NOT necessarily looked at that way by another group.another group.

I. Terrorism by Individuals and I. Terrorism by Individuals and OrganizationsOrganizations

A) Many terrorist attacks against US during the A) Many terrorist attacks against US during the 1990’s: (DO NOT NEED TO COPY ALL)1990’s: (DO NOT NEED TO COPY ALL) Pan Am Flight 103 over Scotland (1988) – 270 deadPan Am Flight 103 over Scotland (1988) – 270 dead Car bomb in World trade Center (1993) – 6 dead, Car bomb in World trade Center (1993) – 6 dead,

1000 injured1000 injured Car Bomb in Oklahoma City (1995) – 168 deadCar Bomb in Oklahoma City (1995) – 168 dead US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania (1998) 190 US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania (1998) 190

dead, 5000 injureddead, 5000 injured World Trade Center (2001) – almost 3000 deadWorld Trade Center (2001) – almost 3000 dead *Truck bomb in Saudi Arabia (1996) killed 19 US *Truck bomb in Saudi Arabia (1996) killed 19 US

soldierssoldiers *Boat bomb in Yemen (2000) – killed 17 US soldiers *Boat bomb in Yemen (2000) – killed 17 US soldiers

on board USS Coleon board USS Cole

B) American Terrorists(examples)B) American Terrorists(examples)

1 – Unabomber killed 3,1 – Unabomber killed 3, injured 17injured 17 2 – Timothy McVeigh2 – Timothy McVeigh

C) Al-QaedaC) Al-Qaeda

1 – Founder – Osama 1 – Founder – Osama bin Ladenbin Laden

2 – Afghanistan2 – Afghanistan 3 – Organization3 – Organization 4 – 1996 Fatwa 4 – 1996 Fatwa

(Declaration of Holy (Declaration of Holy War)War)

5 – 9/11 Details5 – 9/11 Details

3,000 fatalities3,000 fatalities 93 on American 93 on American

Airlines Flight 11 – Airlines Flight 11 – WTC Tower 1WTC Tower 1

65 on United Airlines 65 on United Airlines flight 175 – WTC flight 175 – WTC Tower 2Tower 2

2,605 in the WTC2,605 in the WTC

64 on American 64 on American Airlines Flight 77 – Airlines Flight 77 – crashed into crashed into PentagonPentagon

125 in Pentagon itself125 in Pentagon itself

44 on United Airlines 44 on United Airlines flight 93 – crashed in flight 93 – crashed in Penn. fieldPenn. field

What type of technology?What type of technology?

World Trade Center 2000

September 15, 2001

6) Challenges for 2 groups:6) Challenges for 2 groups:

Can Muslims worldwide still express Can Muslims worldwide still express disagreement with US policies/popular disagreement with US policies/popular culture yet not support the terrorist culture yet not support the terrorist approach?approach?

Can Americans distinguish between the Can Americans distinguish between the peaceful 1.9 billion Muslims worldwide peaceful 1.9 billion Muslims worldwide and the abuse of Islam by a small and the abuse of Islam by a small minority? minority?

New slide added this week: New slide added this week:

Osama bin Laden killed by US Military- May 2011

Homework (Purple 290 – 292)Homework (Purple 290 – 292)(283 brown edition- 264-White edition(283 brown edition- 264-White edition))

II. State Support of TerrorismII. State Support of Terrorism A) 3 levels of support for terrorism A) 3 levels of support for terrorism (3 lines)(3 lines) B) State Sponsors of terrorism B) State Sponsors of terrorism (2 lines each)(2 lines each)

1 – Libya1 – Libya 2 – Afghanistan2 – Afghanistan 3 – Iraq3 – Iraq 4 – Iran4 – Iran 5 - Pakistan5 - Pakistan

The End!