7th grade history review
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7th Grade History Review. Glory/Fall of Rome Medieval Islam Medieval West Africa Medieval China Medieval Japan Medieval Europe Renaissance Reformation Scientific Revolution Mesoamerican Civilization The Enlightenment. Achievements of Rome to Fall of Rome. Aqueducts coins Concrete - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Glory/Fall of RomeMedieval Islam
Medieval West AfricaMedieval ChinaMedieval Japan
Medieval EuropeRenaissanceReformation
Scientific RevolutionMesoamerican Civilization
The Enlightenment
7th Grade History Review
Achievements of Rome to Fall of Rome
Aqueductscoins
ConcreteRoads
ArchitectureCity Planning
Latin LanguageMilitary Structure
Christianity spread
Fall of RomeInternal CauseVast size and Widespread corruption • Lack of fixed Succession• Under Diocletian, divided into Tetrarchy (rule by
4)-this hurt western half-lacked strong leadership
Other Causes and External Influence Economical-Heavy taxes; German
invasions hurt tax collection. Inflation-trade or commerce declined
and money became worthless. Agriculture- land could not support
civilization. Social-Civic pride decayed lack of
loyalty to Rome; mixed cultures because of barbarian immigration
Theodosius-Divides Empire-395
Byzantium renamed by Constantine in A.D. 330-Constantinople;now
Istanbul,Turkeybecame center of Byzantine Empire
Rome Fall to Odacer & Ostrogoths in 476 A. D.
JustinianTheodora
New Legal System-Justinian Code
(4652 Laws) Rebuilt Hagia
SophiaMosaics
Regained lost land from PersiansTrade Thrives
Byzantine Empire1453 conquered by
Seljuk TurksNika Revolt
Byzantine Empire Develops
ConfucianismDaoism
Buddhism
Medieval China’s DynastiesDynasty People Achievements Government
Sui581-618
Wen Di Grand Canal
Rebuilding of
Great Wall
Bureaucracy appointed
official head depts..
Tang 618-907
Li Shi Min Literature PoetryPaper
Largest extent of area ruled by any
empire
Civil Service Exams
Scholar ClassEqual- field system
Silk Road
Song960-1279
Taizu PoetryPorcelain
Technology Rice strain doubles
output
MeritocracyMoney Economy
Merchant Class & Farmers improve
status
Dynasty Founding Achievements Government
Yuan1271-1368
Kublai KhanMongols
Link to World Trade
Marco PoloForeign Dynasty
Gun Powder
Civil Service by Foreigners
Tax-Free Mongols
Wealth depleted Chinese rebelled
MingBrilliant1368-1644
Hong Wu-(Tai Zu)
Peasant general
Public Works renewal-extensive
rebuilding
Zheng He-made 7 voyages
All exploration stopped
Civil Service Exam Reestablish
Disposed of Prime Minister
Despotic Rule
Heavy tax = Peasant Rebellion
Medieval JapanHein Period 794-1185-First Novel-FujiwaraKamakura 1192-1333-Rise of the Shoguns and Feudalism
Ashikaga Shogunate 1338-1573Azuchi-Momoyama 1573-1603Edo (Tokugawa Shogunate) 1603-1868-Isolation
Prince Shotoku
Japan3000 islands-600 inhabited4 Main Islands:
Honshu, Kyushu,
Shikoku, and HokkaidoMountain terrain creates
political and natural barriers, and makes it difficult to grow food
Shinto ReligionKabuki TheaterPrince ShikokuTea CeremonyZen Buddhism
Murasaki Shikibu's Tale of Genji-1st novel (ca. 1002) Imperial Court
HaikuSamuraiShogunsFashionBushidoIsolation
Kabuki Theater
Tea Ceremony
Murasaki Shikibu
Zen Garden
•Daimyo/Shogun/Samurai•The Samurai Warrior follows Bushido=“Way of Warrior”•Sword-symbolic and prized weapon
Medieval Africa
Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
Masks/DancesGriots-Oral StorytellingArab historians-Ibn BattutaGold and Salt equal commoditiesSundiata-”The Lion King”Mansa MusaIslam spreadsSlave trade prevalentMosques Built TimbuktuNiger and Senegal RiversSahel and Sahara Deserts
Medieval Islam
Ka’bahQurayshOasisMonotheismMuhammad-founderMecca-birthplaceMedinaFive Pillars of IslamPilgrimage to MeccaQur’an-sacred bookMuslims-followersArabian PeninsulaFour Rightly Guided CaliphsShiites and SunnisAbbasids and Umayyads
Charlemagne
William the Conqueror
The Battle of Hastings-1066Bayeaux Tapestry
THE DOMESDAY BOOKCarolingian Dynasty
King of FranksHoly Roman Emperor-
800
European Feudal Society
Medieval Government
Habeas CorpusFeudalism-William I
Magna Carta-King John Parliament-Edward I
Independent Judiciary-Henry II
Edward I
Magna Carta
Henry II &
Thomas Becket
Medieval Society: Manors/Towns
Catholic ChurchPolitical, Intellectual, and Aesthetic
InstitutionFounding of Universities
Religious Orders
Patrons of Art & Architecture
Preservation of Latin
Scribes and Illuminations
Monasteries
Thomas Aquinas, Theologian – “Natural Law”
“Henry, king not through usurpation but through the holy ordination of God, to Hildebrand, at present not pope but false monk. Such greeting as this hast thou merited through thy disturbances, inasmuch as there is no grade in the church which thou has omitted to make a partaker not of honor but of confusion, not of benediction but of malediction.”
The Church’s Power Papacy vs. Monarchy
Henry IVGregory VII
1095-Pope Urban II calls Pope’s motives-reunite Western and Eastern Christian under his rule; control of European knight who were fighting with each otherKnight’s motives-granted land they conquered (only first-born could inherit feudal lands) Peasant’s motives-Promise of immediate salvation; free from bonds of feudal lord; adventure
1096-1099 1st Crusade- (People’s Crusade )Crusader States or outpost kingdoms, established with the capture of Jerusalem, Nicaea, Edessa, Acre
1147-1149 2nd Crusade- (Louis VII of France and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Conrad III of Germany)-Turks recapture Edessa
1189-1192 3rd Crusade (Crusade of Kings)- Richard the Lion-heart, Emperor Frederick I of Germany, Philip II of France
1202-1204 4th Crusade- “Sack of Constantinople”
The Crusades
The Black Plague
The Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and the Reformation
“Rebirth”Humanism
Information SpreadsAdvances in:
Literature, Art, Science, Cartography, Anatomy,
Engineering, Mathematics Church Reforms and Great
Schism Inquisition Reformation
Counter-Reformation
Humanism and Printing Press
Copernicus
Printing Press
The Northern Renaissance
William ShakespeareChristopher Marlowe
Dante AlighieriUlrich Zwingli
KeplerIsaac Newton
Johannes GutenbergPrinting Press
ProtestantismCatholicism
Jesuits/Ignatius Loyola
John WycliffeDesiderius Erasmus
Martin LutherJohn Calvin
William TyndaleSir Thomas More-
Utopia
HumanismIndividualism
Sir Francis BaconScientific Method
DescartesScientific Rationalism
Elizabeth IHenry VIII
Martin BehaimNicholas Copernicus
Heliocentric vs GeocentricPetrarch
Italian Renaissance
RepublicsCity-StatesPatricians
Medici FamilyBankers
MerchantsSforza
Leonardo da Vinci
MichelangeloRealism
HumanismLouise Labe
MachiavelliThe Prince
Great SchismPope Leo XIndulgences
Heretics
PtolemyGalileo Galilei
PetrarchBoccaccioCervantes
BrunelleschiMercenaries
The ReformationPolitical, Economic, Theological
Questioning Church Authority
Luther
Erasmus Calvin
Pope Leo X
The Age of ExplorationBartholomew DiasPrince Henry the NavigatorVasco da GamaChristopher ColumbusMarco PoloFerdinand MagellanThe Conquistadors
Hunt for Knowledge
Spice Trade in Asia
Spread Religion
New Ships less Danger
Jesuits to China
Bullion and Caravel
Caravel, Astrolabe, Magnetic Compass
Enlightenment and Age of ReasonJohn Locke (govt. agreement between people and rule-govern fairly
Charles-Louis Montesquieu (limited power of Monarch)
Jean Jacques Rousseau (contract between govt. and people could be cancelled if not meeting needs)
Principles of Magna Carta embodied in English Bill of Rights and Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson influenced
Natural Rights-life, liberty, and protection of Property
“…governments derive their power from the consent of the governed.”
Mesoamerican and Andean CivilizationMexico, Central America, South America:
Mayan, Aztec, and Incan CivilizationAztecs
Mayans Incas
Spanish Conquest of Mesoamerica
Cortez conquers Aztecs
Pizarro conquers Incas
Reason for Conquests:Disease brought disaster people
Took advantage of civil rebellion
Spanish weapons-superior
Different Beliefs and Cultural Rules increased tensions and agreements
Chinampas,”Floating Gardens”-allowed swampy ground to be farmed; irrigation channelsCalpullis-SettlementsBuilt TenochtitlanClass Structure: nobles (hereditary) , commoners, serfs( 1/3 pop.), and slaves (war captives, criminals)Temples, Pyramids, & Codices: historical accountsBeliefs: Fighting gods: Huitzilopochtli-sun/war god; Tlaloc-god of rain; Tezcatlipoca-fate god
AztecsVertical Economy, Terrace FarmingDeveloped the Quechua language; no real writing systemDeveloped a method of counting and keeping records using knots in strings-census and taxesProduced beautiful art-weaving and metal worksBuilders using stone and mortar; network of roadsPizarro invaded during a time of civil war and took Atahuallpa, the ruler, prisoner and killed him; Spanish took over empire
IncasMayasBuilt highly developed civilization of farming-corn, squash, and cottonNoble class ruleTwo calendars and time calculation;1-solar calendar with 365 daysMath system included zeroKnowledge of astronomyComplex Writing system of symbols, or glyphs200-ft high pyramids and elaborate temples; carved jade and pottery