7th grade final exam review - commack school … 3 - ferp...the boston massacre was an event in 1770...
TRANSCRIPT
7th
grade Final Exam Review
13 Colonies – Constitutional Convention
Packet pages 8 – 13
Geography
and
Economy
of the
13 Colonies
Geography and Economy of the 13 Colonies
New England Colonies(Colonial
Workshop)
Rocky soil (poor farmland) and long winters (short growing season)
Lumber, fishing, trading, whaling,
shipbuilding.
Middle Colonies(Colonial
Breadbasket)
Good soil, mild climate.
Longer growing season
“Breadbasket colonies”-
wheat was the main cash crop
Southern Colonies(ColonialGreenhouse)
Very warm climate and
longgrowing season.
Plantations - cash crops of rice, tobacco, and indigo. Cotton becomes important in 1800s. Economy relied on labor from indentured servants and African slaves
The French and Indian War
The ____________________ was designed in
order to inspire the colonies to
unite against the threat of French and Indian
troops in America.
This proposal passed by ________________
was rejected by the colonies
because the some of the individual colonies
were unwilling to combine profits, politics
and religions.
Albany Plan of Union
Benjamin Franklin
The conflict between the English and
the French and various Northeastern Native
American Indians was known as
the ______________________.French and Indian War
• After the English won the war they now
controlled the Ohio River Valley and Canada.
• They wanted to control these two areas
because they needed to control the Mississippi
River.
• In order to reacquire all the money the
British spent defending America, they would
pass a series of taxes in all of the colonies
• The colonists objected to these taxes
because they were passed without their say.
LOYALISTS PATRIOTS
Sided with the King
Supported British and
Hessian Troops
Associated with British
culture
Fought for Independence
Protested taxation without
representation
Joined militias and use guerrilla
tactics
Tarred and feathered custom
officials
Lost their homes during the
war
How did the colonists protest taxes placed on them by the British government? Provide specific examples.
The colonists:Wrote letters to the kingTarred and feathered tax collectorsBoycotted British goodsBurned stampsBoston Tea PartyHung effigies (dummies) of tax collectors
The Boston Massacre was an event in 1770 where
British soldiers and colonists living in Boston clashed for
the first time. The colonists were threatening British
soldiers stationed outside the Boston customs house.
The colonists were throwing ice chunks, rocks and
yelling “lobster backs”. The British fired into the mob
and killed 5 colonists.
The Boston Tea Party was an event in 1773 where
Patriots and members of the “Sons of Liberty” broke
into a British boat that was transporting tea from
England. The Sons of Liberty members, dressed as
Indians, threw the tea into the harbor in protest of the
Tea Act passed by the British government. The British
lost several million dollars that night!
The Declaration of Independence:
States that the American colonies are no longer part
of Britain and explains why…
All men are born with basic rights, which
are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness.
What is the purpose of government?
To protect the rights of the people
What right do people have if the government
becomes tyrannical? The people have the right to
overthrow it.
AmericanAdvantages
BritishAdvantages
1. Fighting on home ground2. Motivated to win3. Support of the people
1. Best military in the world2. Best manufacturing in the world3. Most money in the world
IMPORTANT BATTLES OF AMERICAN REVOLUTION
1775 – Lexington and Concord (MA) – First shots ofRevolution (“Shot Heard ‘Round the World” fired at Lexington). Historians still unsure which side fired first.
1777 – Battle of Saratoga (NY) – British plan to control Hudson River by attacking Albany from three directions. Northern attack stopped at Battle of Saratoga; Americans win. This convinces French to help Americans in war.
1781 – Battle of Yorktown (VA) – Washington’s army and French navy trap Cornwallis at Yorktown, forcing him to surrender. Americans win the war.
- The Treaty of Paris official ended the American Revolution.
- What did Great Britain recognize as a result of the treaty? The independence of the United States of America (No more colonies – hooray!)
- Where did the United States territory end in the West? The Mississippi River
- Which countries claimed Canada, Florida and land west of the Mississippi river? Britain claimed Canada, Spain claimed Florida and the west
After the American Revolution ended in 1783, the
thirteen states saw themselves more as independent
countries than they did as part of a single nation.
Many Americans feared having a strong central
government like that of Great Britain. This is why the
first government of the United States, the
____________________________, left most of the
power for the states. This new national government
had many weaknesses…
Articles of Confederation
In 1786, poor farmers in Massachusetts
staged an uprising against the state
government. This was known as
__________________________. Because
the national government was so weak,
it could not stop the rebellion.
Shays’ Rebellion
This event showed that the national
government was too weak and needed to be
changed. In 1787, the
____________________________ was held in
Philadelphia to create a new, stronger
government for the nation – the
__________________________.
Constitutional Convention
Constitution