7i energy resources

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KS3 Physics

7I Energy Resources


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7I Energy Resources

Contents

The nature of energy

Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities


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Can you think of

examples of each

type of energy?

There are many different types of energy:

thermallight

sound

elasticgravitational

kinetic

electricalchemical

nuclear

Different types of energy


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Which type of energy?


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Energy can be changed from one form to another.

For example:

Chemical energy in food is

converted to thermal energy

and kinetic energy by our bodies.

Energy transfer

What other energy transfers can you think of?

Gravitational energy in a ball is

converted to kinetic energy

when it falls to the ground.


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burning match portable torch

microphone

radio

television catapult

mobile phone

car

chemical to heat and lightchemical to heat and light

sound to electrical

electrical to sound and heat

electrical to sound and light and heatelastic to kinetic and heat

chemical to sound and microwaves

(EM radiation) and heat

chemical to kinetic and sound and heat

In all these transfers the energy is not lost, it is conserved.

Energy cannot be destroyed or created.

What energy transfer takes place in each device?

What is the energy transfer?


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7I Energy Resources

Contents


Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities


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Humans use chemical energy (from food) to live and function.

However, in a modern society we also use large amounts of

energy from other sources.

Can you think of some activities requiring energy?

Where does the energy for these type of activities come from?

travelling and communicating over long distances;

controlling our environment, e.g. air conditioning/heating;

manufacturing and building many kinds of materials and

products, e.g. roads, cars, buildings, prepared food.

Using energy


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17%

41% 32%

8%2%

gas

oil

coalnuclear

renewables

Energy resources can be divided into two types:

renewable(e.g. hydroelectric);

non-renewable (e.g. coal, oil,nuclearand natural gas).

Energy resources in the UK


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There is a finite amount of fossil fuels on the Earth andthey will eventually run out.

Once fossil fuels are used they cannot be regenerated

and used again, so they are called non-renewable.

Non-renewable energy resources

oil coal natural gas

Oil, coal and natural gas are examples offossil fuels.

They were formed from biological deposits over the course

of millions of years.



Renewable energy resources

will not run out because they

can easily be regenerated.

Only 2% of the UKs energy comes from renewable sources.

Can you think of a reason why?

Renewable energy sources

Examples of renewable energy

resources are:

wind power solar power

tidal power

biomass



Renewable or non-renewable?



The Sun

The Sun is the original source

of most energy resources.Plants store the Suns energy

through photosynthesis.

Animals then eat the plants.

Energy and the Sun



coal

wind

biomass

oil

The Sun is

the original sourceof most energy

resources.

natural gasfood

Energy resources from the Sun

waves



7I Energy Resources

Contents


Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities



Fossil fuels



About 300 million years ago, trees

and other plantsphotosynthesized

and stored the Suns energy.

Dead plants fell into swampy water

and the mud prevented them from

rotting away.

How coal was formed

Over the years, the mud piled up and squashed the plant

remains.

After millions of years under this pressure, the mud became

rock and the dead plants becamecoal.



Coal formation



Oil and gas are also biological in origin. Millions of years ago

tiny animals lived in the sea. Like today, their ecosystem was

dependent on heat and light from the Sun andphotosynthesis by plants. When they died they fell into mud

and sand at the bottom of the sea but did not rot away.

Over millions of years, they got buried deeper by the mud

and sand. The temperature and pressure (caused by theweight of the sediments and deep burial) changed the

mud and sand into rock and the dead animals into crude

oil and natural gas.

This sample of crude oil was formed in

southern England. Crude oil formed in other

parts of the world can be very different in

appearance and viscosity.

How oil and gas were formed

O f



Oil and gas formation

C t t



7I Energy Resources

Contents


Energy resources

Fossil fuels

Summary activities

Gl



Glossary

energyThe ability to do work it exists in different formssuch as chemical, electrical, heat and light.

energy transfer

Changing energy from one form toanother.

energy resourceA substance that is a source of energy.

fuel

A substance that releases energy when it burns.

fossil fuelA fuel that is formed from the remains of deadplants and animals, such as coal, oil and natural gas.

non-renewable An energy resource that cannot bereplaced and will eventually run out.

renewableAn energy resource that can be replaced andwill not run out.

A



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