76881565 rose export and marketing channels

8/12/2019 76881565 Rose Export and Marketing Channels

1/18

A PROJECT REPORT ON ROSE EXPORT AND MARKETING

CHANNELS OF ROSE..

SUBMITED BY NAVNATH NAIK


2/18

INRODUCTION

Governen! o" In#$% &%' $#en!$"$e# F(or$)*(!*re %' !&e '*nr$'e $n#*'!r+

%n# %))or#e# $! ,-- e/0or! or$en!e# '!%!*'. O1$n2 !o '!e%#+ $n)re%'e $n

#e%n# o" "(o1er'3 F(or$)*(!*re &%' 4e)oe one o" !&e $0or!%n! )oer)$%(!r%#e' $n A2r$)*(!*re. Hen)e Coer)$%( F(or$)*(!*re &%' eer2e# %' % H$5Te)&

%)!$v$!+3 !%6$n2 0(%)e *n#er )on!ro((e# )($%!$) )on#$!$on' $n'$#e Green&o*'e.

F(or$)*(!*re $n In#$% $' 4e$n2 v$e1e# %' &$2& 2ro1!& In#*'!r+. Coer)$%(

F(or$)*(!*re $' 4e)o$n2 $0or!%n! "ro !&e e/0or! %n2(e. T&e ($4er%($7%!$on o"

$n#*'!r$%( %n# !r%#e 0o($)$e' 0%ve# !&e 1%+ "or !&e #eve(o0en! o" e/0or!

or$en!e# 0ro#*)!$on o" )*! "(o1er'. T&e ne1 'ee# 0o($)+ &%' %(re%#+ %#e $!

"e%'$4(e !o $0or! 0(%n!$n2 %!er$%( o" $n!ern%!$on%( v%r$e!$e'. I! &%' 4een "o*n#

!&%! Coer)$%( F(or$)*(!*re &%' &$2&er 0o!en!$%( 0er *n$! %re% !&%n o'! o" !&e

"$e(# )ro0' %n# !&ere"ore % (*)r%!$ve 4*'$ne''. In#$%n F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+ &%'

'&$"!$n2 "ro !r%#$!$on%( "(o1er' !o )*! "(o1er' "or e/0or! 0*r0o'e'. T&e

($4er%($7e# e)ono+ &%' 2$ven %n $0e!*' !o In#$%n En!re0rene*r' "or

e'!%4($'&$n2 e/0or! or$en!e# "(or$)*(!*re *n$!' *n#er )on!ro((e# )($%!$)

)on#$!$on'. A2r$)*(!*r%( %n# Pro)e''e# Foo# Pro#*)!' E/0or! Deve(o0en!

A*!&or$!+ 8APEDA93 $' re'0on'$4(e "or e/0or! 0roo!$on o" F(or$)*(!*re $n

In#$%.

M%&%r%'&!r% S!%!e A2r$)*(!*re M%r6e!$n2 Bo%r# &%' 'e!*0 %n

In!ern%!$on%( Hor!$)*(!*re Tr%$n$n2 Cen!re 8ISO :--,;- 2ro1er'3 $! $' !&e on(+ '*)& 0ro?e)! $n %(( over In#$%.

MIDC &%' 2$ven !&e (%n# "or !&e F(or$)*(!*re P%r6 on (e%'e "or @< +e%r'. T&e

"(o1er' %$n(+ 2ro1n $n !&e F(or$)*(!*re P%r6 %re Ro'e3 C%rn%!$on %n# Ger4er%.

Ro'e $' !&e %?or )ro 0 !%6en &ere. T&e e/0or! *%($!+ "(o1er' %re 0ro#*)e# 4+%?or$!+ o" !&e 2ro1er'. Soe o" !&e Green&o*'e' %re even 4een 2$ven on ren!

4+ !&e o1ner' 1&o %re no! %4(e !o *!$($7e !&e 0er"e)! )($%!$) %n# !r%n'0or!

)on#$!$on' %! T%(e2%on. T&e )*(!$v%!$on o" !&e )*! "(o1er' *n#er )on!ro((e#

)($%!$) )on#$!$on' $' re'!r$)!e# !o )er!%$n %re%' o" P*ne3 S%n2($ %n# N%'&$6

#$'!r$)!' on(+.

T&o*2& !&e 0r$)e' o" "(o1er' %re "%(($n2 "ro 0%'! "e1 +e%r' !&e 0r$)$n2


3/18

&%' no! &%0ere# !&e 2ro1!& $n F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+. T&e %re% *n#er !&e )*!

"(o1er 0ro#*)!$on *n#er )on!ro((e# )($%!$) )on#$!$on' $' $n)re%'$n2. F%rer'

&%v$n2 '%(( (%n# &o(#$n2' %re no! +e! re%#+ !o !%6e *0 !&e )*(!$v%!$on o" )*!

"(o1er' #*e !o &$2& $n$!$%( $nve'!en! %n# %('o !&e 0r$)$n2 $' &e%v$(+ #e0en#en!

on #e%n#5'*00(+ r%!$o.


4/18

Pre'en! S!%!*' o"M%r6e!$n2 $n

F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+


5/18

PRESENT STATUS OF MARKETING IN FLORICULTURE INDUSTRY;

M%r6e!$n2 o" )*! "(o1er' $' '!$(( %! !&e e%r(+ '!%2e o" 2ro1!& or

#eve(o0en!. M%r6e!$n2 o" A2r$)*(!*re %' 1e(( %' Hor!$)*(!*re 0ro#*)e &%'

%(1%+' 4een %n $''*e o" )on)ern $n In#$%. F(or$)*(!*re $n In#$% $' 4e$n2 v$e1e#

%' % &$2& 2ro1!& In#*'!r+. Coer)$%( F(or$)*(!*re &%' 2%$ne# $0or!%n)e over

!&e +e%r'.

A))or#$n2 !o % re0or! o" !&e N%!$on%( Hor!$)*(!*re Bo%r# 8NHB93 !&e !o!%(

%re% *n#er "(o1er )ro0' $n @2ro1!& $n !&e e/0or! o" !&e "(or$)*(!*re 0ro#*)e "ro


6/18

In#$%n F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+ $' 4een '&$"!$n2 "ro !r%#$!$on%( "(o1er' !o

)*! "(o1er' "or e/0or! 0*r0o'e. T&e ($4er%($7e# e)ono+ &%' 2$ven %n $0e!*'

!o !&e In#$%n En!re0rene*r' "or e'!%4($'&$n2 e/0or! or$en!e# F(or$)*(!*re *n$!'

*n#er )on!ro((e# )($%!$) )on#$!$on'. In In#$%3 M%&%r%'&!r%3 K%rn%!%6%3 An#&r%

Pr%#e'& %n# H%r+%n% &%ve eer2e# %' %?or F(or$)*(!*re *n$!' $n re)en! !$e'.

T&ere %re '$/ A2r$)*(!*re E/0or! one' 'e! *0 "or "(or$)*(!*r%( 0ro#*)e $n !&e

'!%!e' o" S$66$3 T%$( N%#*3 U!!%r%n)&%(3 K%rn%!%6% %n# M%&%r%'&!r%. M%$n

e/0or! #e'!$n%!$on' "or In#$%n "(or$)*(!*r%( 0ro#*)!' %re Un$!e# S!%!e' o"

Aer$)% 8USA93 T&e Ne!&er(%n#'3 Un$!e# K$n2#o 8UK93 Ger%n+ %n# J%0%n.

Un#er !&e Fore$2n Tr%#e Po($)+ "or !&e 0er$o# "ro


7/18

MARKETI!

"#AE$%&F R&%E


8/18

MARKETING CHANNELS OF ROSE;

Ro'e $' !&e %$n e/0or! or$en!e# )*! "(o1er o" In#$% %' 1e((

%' &%' % &$2& '&%re $n !&e #oe'!$) %r6e!. T&e M%r6e!$n2 C&%nne( o" Ro'e $'

%$n(+ #$v$#e# $n !1o !+0e'

Doe'!$) M%r6e!.

E/0or! In!ern%!$on%( M%r6e!.

DOMASTIC MARKET;

T&e )*(!$v%!$on o" Ro'e $' %?or(+ $n o0en "$e(# )on#$!$on'. T&e %re% *n#er

!&e o0en "$e(# )on#$!$on' $' (%r2e %' )o0%re# !o !&e )*(!$v%!$on *n#er )on!ro((e#)on#$!$on'3 !&*' Ro'e $' %$n(+ 'o(# $n Lo)%( Doe'!$) M%r6e!. Ne%r(+ :-

Ro'e $' 'o(# $n Doe'!$) M%r6e! $n)(*#$n2 !&e Ro'e' 2ro1n $n o0en "$e(#

)on#$!$on' %' 1e(( %' !&e Ro'e' 1&$)& #on! '%!$'"+ !&e e/0or! nor' 2ro1n

*n#er !&e )on!ro((e# )on#$!$on'. T&e 0r$)e o" !&e'e Ro'e' $' (e'' %' )o0%re# !o

!&e e/0or! or$en!e# Ro'e'.

THE FOLLOING LINES EXIST IN THE DOMESTIC MARKETING

CHANNEL; 5

TYPE ,;55

PRODUCER FARMER;5

Pro#*)er or F%rer $' % 0er'on 1&o 2ro1' !&e Ro'e'. T&e Ro'e' %re

2ener%((+ !%6en %! !&e r%!e o" -0%$'e5


9/18

Co$''$on %2en! $' one 1&o )o((e)!' !&e Ro'e' "ro v%r$o*' 2ro1er' %n#

'e((' !&e !o !&e "(or$'!'. He !%6e' ne%r(+ ,- )o$''$on' over !&e !o!%(

"(o1er' &e 'e((' %n# re!*rn' !&e re%$n$n2 :- !o !&e 2ro1er. Soe o" !&e

reno1ne# Co$''$on A2en!' $n M*4%$ %re T&%6*r F(o1er'3 R%6'&eF(o1er'3 V$ve6 F(or% 8%(( %! D%#%r93 B%))&e F(o1er' 8B&*(e'&1%r9.

FLORISTS; 5

F(or$'!' %re one 1&o 0*r)&%'e !&e "(o1er' "ro )o$''$on %2en! %n#

'e((' $! !o !&e en# )on'*er. T&e "(or$'! 2ener%((+ 2e!' !&e "(o1er' "or =5

r*0ee' 0er "(o1er %n# 'e((' !&e "or ,- r*0ee'.

CONSUMER; 5

Con'*er $' one 1&o 0*r)&%'e' !&e "(o1er' "ro !&e "(or$'!'.

TYPE


10/18

T&$' !+0e o" !&e %r6e!$n2 )&%nne( $' 0ro0o'e# one. In !&$' !+0e !&e

2ro1er )%n #$re)!(+ 'en# &$' "(o1er' !o !&e A*)!$on H%(( 1&$)& 1$(( 4e re2*(%!e#

4+ !&e Governen!. S*)& N%!$on%( A*)!$on H%(( $' e'!%4($'&e# %! No$#%3 U!!%r

Pr%#e'& 4*! $' +e! !o o0en "or !r%#$n2 !&o*2& $! &%' 4een '*))e''"*((+ !e'!e#3 #*e

!&e 0o($!$)%( $n"(*en)e. S$$(%r A*)!$on H%(( &%' 4een e'!%4($'&e# $n Gore2%on3M*4%$ "or 2ro1er' "ro M%&%r%'&!r% 4*! $! $' %('o no! +e! "*n)!$on%(. T&e

K%rn%!%6% Governen! &%' 'e! *0 %n A*)!$on H%(( $n B%n2%(ore 1&$)& $' '!$((

no! ,-- "*n)!$on%(. T&e %$n 0*r0o'e o" !&e'e A*)!$on H%((' $' !o 2$ve 0ro0er

0r$)e' "or !&e 2ro1er' %n# !&*' en)o*r%2e ore %n# ore "%rer' !%6e *0

"(or$)*(!*re.

E/0or! In!ern%!$on%( M%r6e!


11/18

T&e Ro'e' 2ro1n on(+ *n#er !&e )on!ro((e# )($%!$) )on#$!$on' %re

e/0or!e#. T&e Ro'e' &%ve !o 2o !&ro*2& v%r$o*' )er!$"$)%!$on' 4e"ore e/0or!.

On(+ ,- o" !&e Ro'e' %re e/0or!e# o*! o" !&e !o!%( 0ro#*)!$on. Ro'e' %re%$n(+ e/0or!e# !o USA3 J%0%n3 T&e Ne!&er(%n#'3 UK3 A*'!r%($%3 e!). Ro'e'

)on!r$4*!e ore !&%n - o" !&e !o!%( "(or$)*(!*re 0ro#*)e e/0or!e# %n# %('o

'$$(%r 0er)en!%2e o" e/0or! re!*rn'. A('o %re% *n#er Ro'e )*(!$v%!$on $'

&$2&e'! %on2'! %(( !&e "(o1er' 2ro1n *n#er )on!ro((e# )($%!$) )on#$!$on'.

T&e "o((o1$n2 ($ne' e/$'! $n !&e E/0or! In!ern%!$on%( %r6e!; 5

TYPE ,;55

In !&$' !+0e o" M%r6e!$n2 C&%nne( !&e "(o1er' %re 'en! !o !&e In!ern%!$on%(

A*)!$on H%(('. Ro'e' "ro In#$% %re %$n(+ 'en! !o VBN A*)!$on H%(( '$!*%!e#

$n T&e Ne!&er(%n#'. T&$' !+0e )on!r$4*!e' ne%r(+ :- o" !&e over%(( e/0or!$n!ern%!$on%( M%r6e!$n2 )&%nne(. &o(e'%(er' "ro %(( over !&e 1or(#

0%r!$)$0%!e $n !&e A*)!$on.

TYPE


12/18

No 0ro0er 0r$)$n2 o" !&e )*! "(o1er'

H$2& )o$''$on "ro !&e $##(e %n

Pr$)$n2 &e%v$(+ #e0en#en! on De%n#5S*00(+ r%!$o

No 0ro0er $n"or%!$on re2%r#$n2 0r$)$n2 o" !&e )*! (o1er' !o !&e 2ro1er'

4+ !&e )o$''$on %2en! C*! "(o1er' %re %$n(+ 2ro1n $n M%n*%((+ O0er%!e# Green&o*'e' 'o !&e

*%($!+ o" !&e "(o1er' #oe' no! re%$n *n$*e.

T&e %*)!$on &%((' 1&$)& %re 'e!*0 "or !&e 4e!!eren! o" !&e F(or$)*(!*re

In#*'!r+ %re no! "*n)!$on%( !&o*2& )rore o" r*0ee' %re $nve'!e# on !&e. For !&e

n%e'%6e !&e 0o($!$)$%n' &%ve no! +e! %((o1e# !o o0en !&e A*)!$on H%(( '$!*%!e#

%! No$#%3 U!!%r Pr%#e'&3 !&o*2& $! &%' 4een '*))e''"*((+ !e'!e# %n# &%' '!%!e5o"5

!&e5%r! "%)$($!$e'.

T&o*2& &%v$n2 !&e'e %n+ #r%14%)6' In#$%n F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+ $'

2ro1$n2.

T&e )on'*0!$on o" !&e )*! "(o1er' $' 2ro1$n2 %! !&e r%!e o" @-. F%rer' &%ve

'&$"!e# "ro !r%#$!$on%( )*(!$v%!$on !o )*(!$v%!$on *n#er )on!ro((e# )on#$!$on'.

B*! !&ere $' (on2 0%!& %&e%# %n# %n+ revo(*!$on%r+ '!e0' !o 4e !%6en !o &%ve

0ro0er *!$($7%!$on o" !&$' In#*'!r+. Con'*er Be&%v$o*r &%' %('o )&%n2e# "$r'!

)on'*er *'e !o 4*+ !&e )*! "(o1er' "or re($2$o*' 0*r0o'e' on(+ 4*! no1 #*e !o

$n"(*en)e o" !&e 1e'!ern )*(!*re3 "(o1er' %re *'e# (%r2e(+ $n 2r%n# 1e##$n2'3 on

v%(en!$ne #%+3 4$r!%+'3 Mo!&er' D%+. Gree!$n2 1$!& "(o1er' !o !&e 2*e'! $'

4e)o$n2 e!$*e!!e $n !&e )or0or%!e 1or(#. T&e 0o'$!$on$n2 o" !&e )*! "(o1er'

&%' 4een 0ro0er over !&e #e)%#e. T&e n*4er o" "(or$'!' $' 4een $n)re%'$n2.

In#$%' Doe'!$) "(o1er %r6e! 1&$)& $' )*rren!(+ v%(*e# %! over R'. ,---

)rore &%' 0o!en!$%($!+ !o 2ro1 !o R'. ,-3--- )rore $n !&e ne/! "$ve +e%r'3 $! 1o*(#

0rov$#e $(($on' o" ?o4 0%r!$)*(%r(+ !o !&e 1oen. T&e #oe'!$) #e%n# "or !&e

)*! "(o1er' 1o*(# $n)re%'e 1$!& !&e e/0%n'$on o" or2%n$7e# re!%$( %n# '*0er

%r6e! )&%$n'3 )o*0(e# 1$!& !&e r$'$n2 $n)oe o" !&e $##(e )(%''. I" !&e

#oe'!$) 2ro1er' $'' !&$' o00or!*n$!+3 In#$% %+ 4e "(oo#e# 1$!& $0or!e#

"(o1er'

An In!ern%!$on%( F(or% E/0o $' 4een or2%n$7e# %nn*%((+ '$n)e


13/18

INTERNATIONAL MARKET OF CUT

FLOWERS :

T&e In!ern%!$on%( %r6e! "or In#$%n F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+ $' %$n(+ T&e

Ne!&er(%n#'3 J%0%n3 UK3 A*'!r%($%3 G*(" Co*n!r$e'3 e!). C*! "(o1er' %re !&e o'!

1$#e(+ !r%#e# "(or$)*(!*re 0ro#*)! %n# !&e )on'*0!$on $' $n)re%'$n2 1or(#5

1$#e. In#$%' '&%re $n !&e 2(o4%( %r6e! $' ne2($2$4(e. T&e )*! "(o1er %r6e! $'

#o$n%!e# 4+ T&e Ne!&er(%n#'3 1&$)& &%' '$/ In!ern%!$on%( A*)!$on H%(('. T&e

Ne!&er(%n#' $' !&e (%r2e'! re!%$(er o" !&e )*! "(o1er'. B*! no1 !&e #eve(o0$n2

)o*n!r$e' %re 0o'$n2 % 'er$o*' !&re%! !o T&e Ne!&er(%n#'. T&e )*! "(o1er' "ro

Ken+%3 E!&$o0$%3 %n# E)*%#or %re on % 4oo3 )o0%re# !o !&e'e )o*n!r$e' In#$%

&%' !o 2o (on2 % 1%+.


14/18

T&e %?or 2ro1er' $n Ken+% %n# o!&er A"r$)%n )o*n!r$e' %re !&e NRI'

1&o &%ve 'e! *0 (%r2e "%r' $n !&e'e )o*n!r$e' #*e !o !&e (e'' (%n# )o'! %n#

0er"e)! )($%!$) )on#$!$on'. D*e !o !&e &$2& %(!$!*#e !&e *%($!+ o" "(o1er' "ro

!&e'e )o*n!r$e' $' 4e'! $n !&e 1or(#. T&e 4*# '$7e %n# !&e '!e (en2!& $' e+e

)%!)&$n2.T&e'e 2ro1er' &$re '*0erv$'or' "ro In#$% no! 4e)%*'e !&e+ %re )&e%0 4*! !&e+

%re &%r# 1or6$n2 %n# %re $nvo(ve# $n %(( !&e %)!$v$!$e'. T&$' &%' )re%!e# %n ?o4

o00or!*n$!+ !o !&e BS) 8Hor!$)*(!*re9 2r%#*%!e' !o &%ve )%reer $n !&e

F(or$)*(!*re $n#*'!r+.

In '0$!e o" %n %4*n#%n! %n# v%r$e# 0ro#*)!$on 4%'e3 In#$%' e/0or! $' no!

en)o*r%2$n2 4*! $' )%!)&$n2 *0. In#$%' '&%re $n $n!ern%!$on%( )*! "(o1er' %r6e!

$' ne2($2$4(e %! -.,:. B*! 1$!& 'ever%( en!re0rene*r' e'!%4($'&$n2 e/0or!5or$en!e# "(or$)*(!*re *n$!' *n#er )on!ro((e# )($%!$) )on#$!$on'. In#$% $'

#e"$n$!e(+ %6$n2 %n $0%)! $n !&e $n!ern%!$on%( %r6e! %$n(+ )%n!ere# T&e

Ne!&er(%n#'.

Many export a'encies have been set up for the export of the cutflowers(

TOP 20 EXPORTERS (FLORICULTURE)

RAME%# F$&)ER% *+, $T-(

.A" ITERATI&A$

TRI%TARR

%#RI.AR-#A /I&0TE"#

$(1( ITERATI&A$ $T-(

/A!A$&RE #&RTI TE"#

%&E2 F$&RA +.T( $T-(

+R&FE%%I&A$ A!R&TE"# +.T($T-

IRI% /I&TE"# +RI.ATE $IMITE-

F$&)ER% .A$$E3 +.T( $T-(

+(+(M(T#A!AIA# A-AR


15/18

1A!-I%# -RE%%E%

E%%AR A!R&TE"# $T-(

RA.I -4!AR

-E""A F$&RA/A%E $IMITE-

.I%#A$ /#A$&TIA

AR"#AA %ARAF

I-& /$&&M $T-(

.IA3AKA A!RITE"# $IMITE-

1AIRAM-A%% K#4%#IRAM

T&*' !&ere $' &*2e ')o0e $n e/0(o$!$n2 !&e o00or!*n$!$e' $n!&e F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+ #*e !o !&e 1$#e o0en "(o1er %r6e!3 e'0e)$%((+ )*!"(o1er'.

IMPROVISATION OF THE PRESENT STATUS OF THE

FLOER;55

Soe o" !&e '!r%!e2$e' "or !&e $0rov$'%!$on on !&e 0re'en! '!%!*' o" !&e )*!

"(o1er $n#*'!r+ %re %' "o((o1';

T&e "$r'! %n# "oreo'! !&$n2 $' !o '!%r! !&e A*)!$on &%((' %' 'oon %'

0o''$4(e %n# re2*(%!e !&e )*! "(o1er %r6e! 1$!& '!r$)! nor' on 0r$)$n2.

A#o0!$on o" %#v%n)e# !e)&no(o2$e' $n 0ro#*)!$on '+'!e %n# 0o'!5&%rve'!

&%n#($n2 o" !&e )*! "(o1er'.

S!ren2!&en$n2 !&e )o(# )&%$n '+'!e $n)(*#$n2 $n'*(%!e# re"r$2er%!e#

!r%n'0or!%!$on "ro 0(%)e o" 0ro#*)!$on !o !&e #e'!$n%!$on o" !&e e/0or!.

En&%n)$n2 2ro1er' %1%rene'' %n# $nvo(veen! $n %$n!%$n$n2 *%($!+

'!%n#%r#' %n# %!)&$n2 1$!& In!ern%!$on%( '!%n#%r#'.

Re'e%r)& $n'!$!*!$on' '&o*(# #eve(o0 '!%n#%r# *%($!+ 0(%n!$n2 %!er$%('

%n# e)ono$)%((+ v$%4(e )o(# '!or%2e "%)$($!$e' 1$!& 0r$v%!e 'e)!or

$nvo(veen!.

Cre%!$n2 ne)e''%r+ $n"r%'!r*)!*re "or 0re5)oo($n2 %! 2reen&o*'e (eve( %n##oe'!$) !r%n'"er'.


16/18

Innov%!$on $n '*00(+ )&%$n %n%2een!.

A!!r%)!$n2 Fore$2n D$re)! Inve'!en! 8FDI9 "ro A'$%n %' 1e(( %'

E*ro0e%n )o*n!r$e' "or )re%!$on o" )o(# )&%$n $n"r%'!r*)!*re %n# *%($!+

!e'!$n2 $n !&e Green&o*'e.

I0roveen! $n #oe'!$) %r6e! )&%nne(' !o $n)re%'e e""$)$en)+ $n !&e0ro)e'' o" %r6e! !r%n'%)!$on' %n# &e(0 %$n!%$n *%($!+.

Jo$n! e""or!' 4+ 2ro1er'3 1&o(e'%(er'3 e/0or!er' 1o*(# &e(0 $0rov$n2

e""$)$en)+ $n !&e %r6e!$n2 )&%nne(' %n# re#*)e !&e )o'! '*4'!%n!$%((+.

Invo(veen! o" 2ro1er' $n !&e e/0or! 0roo!$on.

S!ren2!&en$n2 !&e ro(e o" A2r$ E/0or! one' 8AE9 $n !%n#e 1$!&

%r6e! re*$reen!' e'0e)$%((+ !o 2$ve '0e)$"$) !&r*'! on !&e *%($!+ %n#

'*00(+ )&%$n re*$reen!' o" !&e !%r2e! %r6e!'.

Re0o'$!$on$n2 !&e )*! "(o1er $n#*'!r+ $n %nner !o %!!r%)! ore %n# ore)on'*er'.

C&%n2e' $n e/)$'e %n# $0or! #*!+ '!r*)!*re3 re#*)!$on $n !&e $0or! #*!+

o" !&e 0(%n!$n2 %!er$%( %n# !&e e*$0en!'.

A$r Fre$2&! '&o*(# 4e re#*)e# %! !&e re%'on%4(e (eve(3 '*""$)$en! )%r2o

'0%)e '&o*(# 4e 0rov$#e# $n !&e %$r($ne'.

E'!%4($'&en! o" o#e( n*r'er$e' !o '*00(+ 2en*$ne 0(%n!$n2 %!er$%(.

Coo0er%!$ve "(or$'!' or2%n$7%!$on '&o*(# 4e e'!%4($'&e# %! re2$on%( (eve(.

Tr%$n$n2 )en!re' "or #$0(o% )o*r'e on !&e 0%!!ern o" In#*'!r$%( Tr%$n$n2

In'!$!*!e 8ITI9 "or !r%$n$n2 !&e 0er'onne( $n "(or$)*(!*re '&o*(# 4e 'e!*0.

L%'! 4*! no! !&e (e%'! !&e $n#'e! o" !&e "%rer' !o !%6e *0 "(or$)*(!*re

'&o*(# 4e )&%n2e#.

I0(een!%!$on o" !&e'e %n# %n+ '*)& '!r%!e2$e' 1$(( 4r$n2 revo(*!$on $n

!&e F(or$)*(!*re $n#*'!r+.


17/18

CONCLUSION ;

In#$%n F(or$)*(!*re M%r6e! $' 2ro1$n2 #e'0$!e o" no 2overnen!

re2*(%!$on' $n !&e 0r$)$n2 %n# e/0or!'. T&*' $" !&e F(or$)*(!*re %r6e! $'

re2*(%!e# $! 1$(( 2ro1 %! % "%'!er 0%)e !&%n !&e 0re'en! 2ro1!& r%!e. T&e 2ro1er'

$n In#$% %re &%r# 1or6$n2 4*! #on! !%6e r$'6 !o $nve'! $n F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+ %'

!&e 0r$)$n2 $' no! re2*(%!e#. H$2& $n$!$%( $nve'!en! %n# &$2& 4%n6 $n!ere'! r%!e'

%re !&e %$n re%'on "or !&e re(*)!%n)e o" In#$%n "%rer !o !%6e on F(or$)*(!*re.

T&e A*)!$on &%((' 1&$)& %re '!$(( no! "*n)!$on%( %re !&e %!!er o" )on)ern. I! $'

ne)e''%r+ !o e/0(o$! !&e 0o!en!$%( $n !&$' $n#*'!r+.

I" !&e $n#*'!r+ $' re2*(%!e# %n+ ore "%vo*r%4(e re2$on' "or )*(!$v%!$on

o" "(o1er' 1$(( 4e $#en!$"$e#. T&e 4$2 n%e' $n !&e )or0or%!e 1or(# 1$(( %('o

$nve'! $n !&$' $n#*'!r+ 6no1$n2 $!' 0o!en!$%(. M%n+ 4$2 )o0%n$e' %re

#$ver'$"+$n2 $n !&e %2r$)*(!*re 'e)!or3 !&*' F(or$)*(!*re 1$(( 4e !&ere 4e'! 4e! #*e

!o &*2e 2(o4%( %r6e!. M%r6e!$n2 o" !&e "(or$)*(!*re 0ro#*)e '&o*(# 4e #one.

F$n%((+ 2overnen! $n!erven!$on $n 0r$)$n2 0o($)+ $' !&e 6e+ !&e '*))e'' o" !&e

In#$%n F(or$)*(!*re In#*'!r+.


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76881565 rose export and marketing channels

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