ATENEO

DEMANILA

LAW SCHOOLLEGAL

TECHNIQUE & LOGICOUTLINE

1

ATTY. ALEXANDERC. DY

SECTION1E, SECONDSEMESTER, SY 2005-2006 15 NOVEMBER2005

I. INTRODUCTION

A . H i s t o r y o f L o g i c

B. C iv i l Law vs . Common Law Tradit ionC . T h e R o l e o f L o g i c i n L a w

I I . R EASONING

A . B a s i c C o n c e p t s1 . W h a t i s L o g i c 2 . P r o p o s i t i o n s a n d S e n t e n c e s 3. Arguments , Premises and Conclus ions4 . M o r e C o m p l e x A r g u m e n ts 5 . R e c o g n i z i n g A r g u m e n t s 6 . D e d u c t i o n a n d I n d u c t i o n 7 .

V a l i d i t y a n d T r u t h 8 . A r g u m e n t s a n d E x p l a n a t i o n sB. Analyz ing and Diagramming ArgumentsC . P r o b l e m S o l v i n

gI I I . L ANGUAGE

A . U s e s o f L a n g u a g e

1. Three Bas ic Funct ions of Language2. Discourse Serv ing Mult ip le Funct ions3 . F o r m s o f D i s c o u r s e 4 . E m o t i v e W o r ds 5. K inds of Agreement and Disagreement6 . E m o t i v e l y N e u t r

a l L a n g u a g e1

The Outline presents the manner by which Legal Technique & Logic will be taken up inclass. The Outline is taken mainly from Introduction to Logic by

Irving M. Copi and Carl Cohen.

B . D e f i n i t i o n

1. Disputes, Verbal Disputes and Definitions2. Kinds of Definition and the Resolution of Disputes3. Denotation (Extension) and Connotation (Intension)4. Extens ion, and Denotat ive Def in i t ions5. Intens ion, and Connotat ive Def in i t ion6. Rules for Definition by Genus an

d DifferenceI V . D

EDUCTIVER

EASONING

A. Categor ica l Propos i t ions1. Categor ica l Propos i t ions and Classes2. Qual i ty , Quant i ty and Distr ibut ion3. The Tradit iona l Square of Oppos i t ion4. Further Immediate Inferences5 . E x i s t e n t i a l I m p o r t 6. Symbolism a

nd Diagrams for Categorical PropositionsB . C a t e g o r i c a l S y l l o g i s m s

1. Standard-Form Categor ica l Sy l log isms2. The Formal Nature of Sy l logis t ic Argument3. Venn Diagram: Technique for Testing Syl

logisms4. S ix Rules of Categor ica l Sy l log ismsC. Arguments in Ordinary Language

1. Reducing the Number of Terms in a Syllogistic Argument2. Translating Categorical Propositions into Standard Form3 . U n i f o r m T r a ns l a t i o n 4 . E n t h y m e m e s 5 . S o r i t e s 6. Dis junct ive

and Hypothet ica l Sy l logisms7 . T h e D i l e m m a2

D . S y m b o l i c L o g i c

1 . T h e V a l u e o f S p e c i a l S y m b o l s 2. The Symbols for Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction3. Conditional Statements and Material Implication4. Argument Forms and Arguments5. Statement Forms, Material Equivalence, Logical Equivalence6. The Paradoxes of Mat

er ia l Impl icat ion7 . T h e T h r e e L a w s o f T h o u g h t E . T h e M e t h o d o f D e d u c t i o n

1 . F o r m a l P r o o f o f V a l i d i t y 2 . T h e R u l e o f R e p l a c e m e n t 3 . P r o o f o f I n v a l i d i t y 4 . I n c o n s i s t e n c y

F . Q u a n t i f i c a t i o n T h e o r y1 . S i n g u l a r P r o p o s i t i o n s 2 . Q u a n t i f i c a t i o n 3. Traditional Subject-Predicate Propositions4 . P r o v i n g V a l i d i t y 5 . P r o v i n g

I n v a l i d i t y 6 . A s y l l o g i s t i c I n f e r e n c e

V. INDUCTIVE

REASONING

A. Induct ive Genera l izat ions(Induction by Simple Enumeration)B. Analogy and Probable Inference

1 . A n a l o g y 2. Appra is ing Analogica l Arguments3. Refutat ion by Logica l Analogy

C . C a u s a l i t y D . P r o b a b i l i t y3