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When was the Renaissance?

•1300-1600

King Henry VIII

William Shakespeare Renaissance Faire

Telescope

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Where was the Renaissance?

• Italy

• Major Trading Centers (Middle of Mediterranean Sea, access to Africa and Asia)

• Urban Societies

• Italian Cities

•Europe

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Major Italian CitiesItaly failed to become united

during the Middle Ages.

Many independent city-states emerged in northern and central Italy that played an important role in Italian politics and art.

Milan Venice

Florence

Milan

One of the richest cities, it controls trade through the Alps.

Venice

Sitting on the Adriatic, it attracts trade from all over the world.

Florence

Controlled by the De Medici Family, who became great patrons of the arts.

Genoa

Genoa

Had Access to Trade Routes

All of these cities:

Had access to trade routes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets

• Served as trading centers for the distribution of goods to northern Europe

• Were initially independent city-states governed as republics

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What was the Renaissance?

• Focuses more on material objects and enjoying life

• Moved away from life in the church

• Secular

• Rediscovering the classical learning of Ancient Greece and Rome.

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Renaissance means rebirth and Europe was recovering from the Dark

ages and the plague.

People had lost their faith in the church and began to put more focus

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How did the Crusades contribute to the

Renaissance?

• Increased demand for Middle Eastern products

• Stimulated production of goods to trade in Middle Eastern markets

• Encouraged the use of credit and banking

• Church rule against usury and the banks’ practice of charging interest helped to secularize northern Italy.

• Letters of credit served to expand the supply of money and expedite trade.

• New accounting and bookkeeping practices (use of Arabic numerals) were introduced.

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Political Ideas of the Renaissance

Niccolò Machiavelli

The PrinceMachiavelli believed:

“One can make this generalization about men: they are ungrateful, fickle, liars, and deceivers, they shun danger and are greedy for profit”

Machiavelli observed city-state rulers of his day and produced guidelines for the acquisition and maintenance of power by absolute rule.

He felt that a ruler should be willing to do anything to maintain control without worrying about conscience.

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• Better for a ruler to be feared than to be loved• Ruler should be quick and decisive in decision making

• Ruler keeps power by any means necessary• The end justifies the means

• Be good when possible, and evil when necessary

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The Renaissance produced new ideas that were reflected in the arts, philosophy, and literature.

Patrons, wealthy from newly expanded trade, sponsored works which glorified city-states in

northern Italy. Education became increasingly secular.

Medieval art and literature focused on the Church and

salvation

Renaissance art and literature focused on individuals and worldly matters, along with

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Renaissance Artists embraced some of the ideals of Greece and Rome in their art

They wanted their subjects to be realistic and focused on humanity and emotion

New Techniques also emerged

Frescos: Painting done on wet plaster became popular because it gave depth to the paintings

Sculpture emphasized realism and the human form

Architecture reached new heights of design

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Born in 1475 in a small town near Florence, is considered to be one of the

most inspired men who ever lived

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DavidMichelangelo created his

masterpiece David in 1504.

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Sistine ChapelAbout a year after

creating David, Pope Julius II summoned

Michelangelo to Rome to work on his most famous project, the ceiling of the Sistine

Chapel.

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La Pieta 1499Marble Sculpture

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1452-1519

Painter, Sculptor, Architect, Engineer

Genius!7/2013

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Mona Lisa

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Notebooks

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RaphaelPainter

1483-1520

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Van Eyck

Portrait of Giovanni

Arnolfini and his Wife (detail)

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• Had a wealthy class that invested in the arts

• Arts added Humanism and Secularism but also included religion.

The Last Supper7/2013

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Johann Gutenberg

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How did this effect northern European Life

• More people began to read and allowed learning to spread quickly

• Bible’s were printed in many different languages

• People developed new ideas about Christianity

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Literature flourished during the RenaissanceThis can be greatly attributed to Johannes

GutenbergIn 1455 Gutenberg printed the first book

produced by using moveable type.

The Bible

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Northern Renaissance

• Growing wealth in Northern Europe supported Renaissance ideas.

• Northern Renaissance thinkers merged humanist ideas with Christianity.

• The movable type printing press and the production and sale of books

(Gutenberg Bible) helped disseminate ideas.

Northern Renaissance writers

• Erasmus—The Praise of Folly (1511)

• Sir Thomas More—Utopia (1516)

Northern Renaissance artists portrayed religious and secular subjects.

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Jan Van EyckPortrait of Giovanni

Arnolfini and his Wife (1434)

Northern Renaissance

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The School of Athens

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How did classical knowledge of the ancient Greeks and Romans foster humanism in the

Italian Renaissance?

Humanism

• Celebrated the individual

• Stimulated the study of Greek and Roman literature and culture

• Was supported by wealthy patrons

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PetrarchSonnets, humanist

scholarshipFrancesco Petrarch

1304-1374

Assembled Greek and Roman writings.

Wrote

Sonnets to Laura,

love poems in the Vernacular

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Erasmus Dutch humanist

Desiderius Erasmus

Pushed for a Vernacular form of the Bible

“I disagree very much with those who are unwilling that Holy Scripture, translated into the vernacular, be read by the uneducated . . . As if the strength of the Christian religion consisted in the ignorance of it”

The Praise of Folly

Used humor to show the immoral and ignorant behavior of people, including the clergy. He felt people would be open minded and be kind to others.

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Sir Thomas MoreEnglish Humanist

Wrote: Utopia

A book about a perfect society

Believed men and women live in harmony. No private

property, no one is lazy, all people are educated and the justice system is used to end crime instead of executing

criminals.

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Practice Questions

In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism was

-an appreciation for the basic worth of individual achievement

-an emphasis on social control and obedience to national rulers

-a rejection of ancient civilizations and their cultures

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Practice Questions

Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?

-humanism decreased in importance

-the political structure was similar to that of the Roman Empire

-creativity in the arts was encouraged

-the social structure became very rigid7/2013

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Practice Questions

“Europe is waking out of a long, deep sleep…time was when learning was only found in the religious orders…learning has passed to secular princes and peers.”

This quotation best describes the

-rise of Christianity

-Crusades

-decline of the Roman Empire

-Renaissance

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