7.1Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

MANAGINGMANAGING

DATA DATA

RESOURCESRESOURCES

7.2Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

• Why do businesses have trouble finding the Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information information they need in their information systems?systems?

• How does a DBMS improve the organization of How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?business information?

• What are the managerial requirements of a data-What are the managerial requirements of a data-base environment?base environment?

• What new technologies make databases more What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?accessible and useful?

OBJECTIVES

7.3Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1)Byte: Group of bits that represents a single

characterField: Group of related bytes

- related words or a complete numberRecord: Group of related fieldsFile: Group of records of same typeDatabase: Group of related files

7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.4Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

File Organization Terms and Concepts

7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.5Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

• Entity:Entity: Person, place, thing, event about Person, place, thing, event about which information is maintainedwhich information is maintained

• Attribute:Attribute: Description of a particular Description of a particular entityentity

• Key Field:Key Field: Unique identifier field used to Unique identifier field used to retrieve, update, or sort a recordretrieve, update, or sort a record

File Organization Terms and Concepts

7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.6Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

File Organization Terms and Concepts

7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

7.7Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

• Data redundancyData redundancy

• Program-data dependenceProgram-data dependence

• Lack of flexibilityLack of flexibility

• Poor securityPoor security

• Lack of data-sharing and availabilityLack of data-sharing and availability

Problems with the Traditional File Environment

7.8Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.1 ORGANIZING DATA IN A TRADITIONAL FILE ENVIRONMENT

Problems with the Traditional File Environment

7.9Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

• Why do businesses have trouble finding the Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information information they need in their information systems?systems?

• How does a DBMS improve the organization of How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?business information?

• What are the managerial requirements of a data-What are the managerial requirements of a data-base environment?base environment?

• What new technologies make databases more What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?accessible and useful?

OBJECTIVES

7.10Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

DatabaseDatabase

• A collection of data organized to service A collection of data organized to service many applications at the same time by many applications at the same time by storing and managing data so they appear storing and managing data so they appear to be at one locationto be at one location

Database Management System (DBMS)

7.11Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

The Database Management System (DBMS)The Database Management System (DBMS)

• Software which creates and maintains Software which creates and maintains databasesdatabases

• Eliminates requirement for data definition Eliminates requirement for data definition statements in Application Programsstatements in Application Programs

• Acts as interface between application Acts as interface between application programs and physical data filesprograms and physical data files

• Separates logical and physical views of dataSeparates logical and physical views of data

Database Management System (DBMS)

7.12Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

7.13Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Components of a DatabaseComponents of a Database

• Data Definition Language: Data Definition Language: – Specifies content and structure of

database and defines each data element• Data Manipulation Language:Data Manipulation Language:

– Manipulates data in a database• Data Dictionary:Data Dictionary:

– Stores definitions of data elements, and data characteristics

7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

Database Management System (DBMS)

7.14Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Types of Databases

• Hierarchical DBMSHierarchical DBMS

• Organizes data in a tree-like structure• Prevalent in large legacy systems• Less flexible than RDBMS• Lacks support for English language-like queries

• Relational DBMS (RDBMS)Relational DBMS (RDBMS)• Represents data as 2D tables called ‘relations’• Relates data across tables based on ‘key’• Egs: DB2, Oracle, MS SQL Server, MS Access

7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

7.15Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

Types of Databases

7.16Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

Types of Databases

7.17Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Three Basic Operations in a Relational Three Basic Operations in a Relational DBMSDBMS

• Select:Select: Creates subset of rows that meet Creates subset of rows that meet specific criteriaspecific criteria

• Join:Join: Combines relational tables to provide Combines relational tables to provide users with informationusers with information

• Project:Project: Enables users to create new tables Enables users to create new tables containing only relevant informationcontaining only relevant information

7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

Types of Databases

7.18Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources 7.2 THE DATABASE APPROACH TO DATA MANAGEMENT

Types of Databases

7.19Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

• Why do businesses have trouble finding the Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information information they need in their information systems?systems?

• How does a DBMS improve the organization of How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?business information?

• What are the managerial requirements of a data-What are the managerial requirements of a data-base environment?base environment?

• What new technologies make databases more What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?accessible and useful?

OBJECTIVES

7.20Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

• Entity-Relationship (ER) DiagramEntity-Relationship (ER) Diagram– Methodology for documenting databases

illustrating relationships between database entities

• NormalizationNormalization– Process of creating small stable data structures

from complex groups of data

Designing Databases

7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.21Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Designing Databases

7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.22Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Designing Databases

7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.23Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Designing Databases

7.3 CREATING A DATABASE ENVIRONMENT

7.24Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

• Why do businesses have trouble finding the Why do businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information information they need in their information systems?systems?

• How does a DBMS improve the organization of How does a DBMS improve the organization of business information?business information?

• What are the managerial requirements of a data-What are the managerial requirements of a data-base environment?base environment?

• What new technologies make databases more What new technologies make databases more accessible and useful?accessible and useful?

OBJECTIVES

7.25Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Multidimensional Data Analysis

On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP)On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP)

• Multidimensional data analysisMultidimensional data analysis

• Supports manipulation and analysis of Supports manipulation and analysis of large volumes of data from multiple large volumes of data from multiple dimensions/perspectivesdimensions/perspectives

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.26Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Multidimensional Data Analysis

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.27Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Data WarehouseData Warehouse

• Consolidates current and historical dataConsolidates current and historical data• Supports query tools for management Supports query tools for management

decision makingdecision making

DataminingDatamining

• Tools for finding hidden patterns and Tools for finding hidden patterns and relationships in large pools of datarelationships in large pools of data

Data Warehouses and Datamining

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.28Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Data Warehouses and Datamining

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.29Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Data Warehousing and Datamining

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.30Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Databases and the Web

The Web and Hypermedia DatabasesThe Web and Hypermedia Databases

• Organizes data as network of hyperlinksOrganizes data as network of hyperlinks• Database Server runs a DBMS to provide Database Server runs a DBMS to provide

data data • Supports text, graphics, sound, video Supports text, graphics, sound, video

and executable programsand executable programs

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.31Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Databases and the Web

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.32Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Databases and the Web

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.33Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Databases and the Web

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.34Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

Databases and the Web

7.4 DATABASE TRENDS

7.35Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.

Management Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Second Canadian EditionSecond Canadian Edition

Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources Chapter 7: Managing Data Resources

MANAGINGMANAGING

DATA DATA

RESOURCESRESOURCES