70 mangsir

963963963963963

;jf{]Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L /fds'df/ k|;fb zfxdfggLo GofofwLz >L lu/Lz rGb| nfndfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

cfb]z ldlt M @)^(.*.@*.%l/6 g+= )^*WF)))&

d'2f M pTk]|if0f k/dfb]z;d]t .

lgj]bs M lhNnf k]Gb ]xL, l;4fy{gu/gu/kflnsf, j8f g+= & df cjl:yt lgw{gpTyfg a}+s ln=, s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf tkm{af6tyf cfkm\gf] xsdf ;d]t P]= a}+ssf dxfk|aGwsk|sfz/fh zdf{

la4ljkIfL M d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L, >d cbfnt,sf7df8f}+;d]t

;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo, sfo{k|s[lt,To;leq cfa4 hgzlQm / pgLxsf];]jf ;'/Iff;d]tsf ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/gagfO{ k|lti7fg zAbsf] ;txLJofVofsf e/df ;a} ;+:yfxnfO{ Pp6}b [ li6sf ]0fn ] x ] l/g ' Gofof ] lrt /Jojxfl/s;d]t x'g g;Sg] .

>d P]gn] >ldssf] xs, lxt, ;'/Iff,;]jf, zt{, ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof /;+oGq;d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To:t}Joj:yf cGo P]g jf sfg"gf/f ul/Psf]cj:yfdf To:tf sfg"gf/f ;+:yflktk|lti7fg jf ;+:yf jf kmd{ jf sDkgLdfsfo{/t\ sd{rf/Lxsf] xsdf >d P]g

cfslif{t x'g] egL To:tf] k|lti7fg,;+:yf jf kmd{ ;+:yflkt ug]{ sfg"gnfO{cy{xLg / cf}lrToxLg t'Nofpg] u/Lsfg"gsf] JofVof ul/g' x'Fb}g . To:tf;+:yfxsf] xsdf >d P]g xf]Og, ToxLsfg"g cfslif{t x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=^_ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] xsdf

lgodgsf/L lgsfosf kdf g]kfn/fi6 a}+s /xg], To:tf ;+:yfn] agfPsf]ljlgod;d]t g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[tu/fpg' kg]{;d]tsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]x' Fbf To:tf ;+:yfsf] xsdf >dP]gcg';f/ >d sfof{noxn] lgodgug{ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg gcfpg] .

h'g sfg"gcg';f/sf] sf/jfxL ePsf]xf], To;df cjnDag ug'{kg]{ sfo{ljlwklg :jefjtM ;f]xL sfg"gn] lgwf{/0fu/]adf]lhd g} x'G5 / ;f]pk/sf] pkrf/klg ;f]xL sfg"gn] tf]s]cg';f/ g} vf]Hg'kg]{ .

;DalGwt sfg"gn] ;hfosf] dfqJoj:yf u/L To;pk/ k'g/fj]bg;'Gg];DaGwL Joj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yfeP :jefjtM k|rlnt sfg"gn] tf]s]sf]cGo k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ug'{kg]{ afWotfl;h{gf x'g hfg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_ cfkm" cfa4 ;+:yfsf] ljlgodfjnLdf

g } ;hfopk/ k 'g/fj ]bg ; ' Gg ]clwsf/L;d]t lglZrt\ ul/Psf ]cj:yfdf To:tf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf]cg'z/0f ug'{ ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lsf]st{Jo aGb5 . ;+:yfsf] ljlgodfjnLdf/x]sf] :ki6 sfg"gL k|fjwfgnfO{ Psflt/

lg0f{o g+= ()#(lg0f{o g+= ()#(lg0f{o g+= ()#(lg0f{o g+= ()#(lg0f{o g+= ()#(

g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/&), d\l;/

964964964964964

k~5fP/ cGo P]g sfg"gcGtu{tsf]pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . o;sf]cltl/Qm cfkm" sfo{/t\ /x]sf] cj:yf;Dd;f]xL ljlgodcGtu{tsf] ;]jf, zt{ /;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ug]{ t/ cfkm"nfO{sf/jfxL ePkl5 eg] pQm sfg"gn]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|lqmof eGbf aflx/af6pkrf/ vf]lhg'nfO{ sfg"g cg's"n dfGgg;lsg] .

s'g} klg sfg"g ab/ 3f]lift gx'Fbf;Ddj}w sfg"gsf kdf /xG5 . To:tf] j}wsfg"gnfO{ Pp6f lglZrt cj:yf;Ddcg'z/0f ug]{ / cfkm\gf]k|lts"n lg0f{oePkl5 To;nfO{ k"0f{tM OGsf/ ug]{k|j[lQnfO{ ;]jf sfg"g -Service Law_;DaGwL l;4fGtn] klg :jLsf/ gug]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_ s'g} klg sfdbf/ sd{rf/Ln] cfkm" cfa4

;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgoddf lglZrt\ul/Pcg'k g} ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] bfjLug{ ;lsg] / cfkm\gf] cfr/0f /ljefuLo sf/jfxL;DaGwL Joj:yfsf]xsdf klg ;f]xL ljlgodsf k|fawfgcfslif {t x 'g ] x ' Fbf To:tf ] j }wsfg"gcGtu{t ul/Psf] sf/jfxLpk/sf]pkrf/ klg To;}cGtu{t vf]lhg' kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!^_ cfkm"n] Goflos clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf]

ljifodf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;dIf d'2f k'uL;jf]{Rr Goflos lgsfon] lglZrt\ dfu{bz{g x'g] u/L l;4fGt k|ltkfbgul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf tL l;4fGtxsf]kfngf / cg'z/0f ul/g' ;a} Gofloslgsfosf] st{Jo x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!(_

lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 M ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmfoab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ / kjgs'df/ cf]emf,clwjQmfx s]z/d0fL cof{n, ljj]sl3ld/], bLks l3ld/] / k"0f{rGb| bfxfn

ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6 M ljfg pkGofoflwjQmfdbgaxfb'/ wfdL, ljfg clwjQmfo/fhg clwsf/L / /fdxl/ lqkf7L

cjnlDat ghL/ Mg]sfk @)%^, c ^, lg=g+=^!

;Da4 sfg"g M >d P]g, @)$*, ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#

cfb]zGof=lu/Lz rGb| nfn M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)& sf] pkwf/f -@_cGtu{t o; cbfntdf bfo/ e} k]z x'Fbf o;cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;af6 hl6n sfg"gLk|Zgsf] lgk0f u/L Pp6f lglZrt l;4fGt:yflkt u/L Psktf sfod ug'{ kg]{ egL;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod# sf] pklgod -!_-3_ adf]lhd k"0f{ Ohnf;dfk]z ug'{ egL ePsf] cfb]zadf]lhd o;Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ 7x/ o; k|sf//x]sf] 5 M

lgj]bs a}+s tTsfnLg ljsf; a}+s P]g,@)%@ xfn k|rlnt a} +s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# tyf sDkgL P]g,@)%# -xfnsf] sDkgL P]g, @)^#_ adf]lhdg]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt u/L ljkGgju{sf dlxnfxnfO{ ;d"xdf cfa4 ub}{ shf{k|jfxsf] dfWodaf6 pBdzLntf a9fpg]p2]Zon] :yflkt ;+:yf xf] . a}+sn] cfkm\gf] sfo{;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/Lx a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf

965965965965965

(! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;~rfns;ldltaf6 lgdf{0f eO{ g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6:jLs[lt lnO{ bkmf (!-@_-u_ adf]lhdsd{rf/LxnfO{ nfu" x'g] u/L sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL, @)^! nfu" /x]sf] / ;f]xLljlgodfjnLadf]lhd kbk"lt{, ljefuLo sf/jfxL/ ;hfo;d]t ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

ljkIfL k] |dk|;fb l3ld/] a} +ssf ]ljlgodfjnLcGtu{t o; a}+ssf] ;xfos:t/dflgo'lQm eO{ sfo{/t\\ /x]sf]df lghn] pQmljlgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf] Joj:yfljk/Lt v/facfr/0f cfly{s clgoldttf / ckrng u/La}+ssf] ljQLo cg'zf;g e u/L a}+snfO{ xflggf]S;fgL k'ofPsf] x'Fbf sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! sf] ljlgod **-!_-v_ adf]lhdsf]s;"/df clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Lsf] lg0f{ocg';f/lghnfO{ o; a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 a/vf:t ug]{ u/Lldlt @)^$.%.@^ df lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] . ;f]lg0f{opk/ lghn] >d cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bgu/]sf]df pQm cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^%.#.@& dfkm};nf x'Fbf a}+s Joj:yfkgsf] ldlt @)^$.%.@^sf] ;f] lg0f{o ab/ u/L lgh ljkIfL k]|dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ o; a}+ssf] ;]jfdf k"j{jt\kdf axfnu/L ;a} ;]jf ;'ljwf;d]t e/fO{ kfpg] 7x/ePsf] /x]5 . >d cbfntsf] pQm km};nfdfd"ntM >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %# sf] sfg"gLk|lqmofcg'k a}+s Joj:yfkgaf6 sf/jfxLgePsf] eGg] cfwf/ u|x0f ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#cGtu{t ;~rflnt o; a}+ssf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL ;f]xL P]gsf] clVtof/LcGtu{t /fi6a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lnO{ hf/L ePsf], o:tf] 5'}P]gf/f lgoldt / ;~rflnt a}+snfO{ >d P]g,@)$* n] kl/efiff u/]sf] k|lti7fgcGtu{t kg]{u/L >d cbfntn] unt JofVof u/L nfUb}

gnfUg] sfg"gL k|fjwfg ;dfO{ km};nf u/]sf]5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#ljz]if k|s[ltsf] P]g ePsf]df ;f]xL P]gcGtu{tag]sf] ljlgodfjnLsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ ljkIfLk]|dk|;fb l3ld/]pk/ ePsf] sf/jfxLnfO{ >dP]g, @)$* cGtu{t sfo{ljlwcg'k gePsf]eGg] unt JofVof u/L ePsf] >d cbfntsf]km};nf sfg"gL q'l6k"0f{ / clwsf/If]q laxLg;d]t5 .

a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^!adf]lhd ul/Psf] sf/jfxLdf lrQ ga'em]dfljlgod (& adf ]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]clwsf/L;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ kfpg] Joj:yfljBdfg 5 . t/ ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]n];f]cg'k k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/L;dIfk'g/fj]bg gu/L Dofb g3fO{ k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]dflghsf] k'g/fj]bg b/kL7 eP/ /x]sf] 5 . Pp6fljlwjt\ k|lqmofaf6 lghsf] k'g/fj]bg nfUg]cj:yf JotLt ePkl5 lghn] >d P]g, @)$*sf] ;xf/f lnO{ >d cbfnt;dIf bf]>f] k'g/fj]bgu/]sf] b]lvgfn] To;/L k/]sf] bf]xf]/f] k'g/fj]bgdfsf/jfxL u/L >d cbfntn] u/]sf] lg0f{o q'l6k"0f{5 . a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLcg'k ePsfsfdsf/jfxLpk/ >d P]gcGtu{t >d cbfntn]k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg ldNb}g .

ljgo /]UdL lj4 >d cbfnt ePsf]@)%* ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #)&$ sf] pTk]|if0fo'Qmk/dfb]z d'2fdf;d]t a}+ssf] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf>d P]g, @)$* geO{ jfl0fHo a}+s P]g, @)#!nfu" x'g] egL l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ePsf] 5 .jfl0fHo a}+s P]g, @)#! sf] 7fpFdf nfu" ePsf]a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^#cGtu{t ag ]sf ] o; a } +ssf ] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnLcGtu{t ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/ >dP]g nfu" x'G5 eGg' pQm l;4fGtk|lts"n x'G5 .

()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t()#(lgw{g pTyfg a}+s ln=s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;d]t lj= >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+;d]t


966966966966966

ctM ljkIfL >d cbfntn] ljz]ifk|s[ltsf] P]g nfu" ePsf] cj:yfnfO{ cgb]vfu/L a}+ssf] xsdf nfu" x'g g;Sg] >d P]g,@)$* sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g] eGg] unt JofVofu/L ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ o; a}+ssf];]jfdf axfn ug]{ u/L u/]sf] pQm ldlt@)^%.#.@& sf] km};nf q'6Lk"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] j]/Ltsf]km};nf pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L kfpFm .;fy} o; l/6 lgj]bgsf] 6'f] gnfu];Dd ;f]km};nf sfof{Gjog gug'{ egL ljkIfL >dcbfntsf] gfddf cGtl/d cfb]z;d]t hf/Lu/L kfpmF eGg] @)^%.$.@& sf] l/6 lgj]bg .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g gkg]{ sf/0feP v'nfO{ lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egLljkIfLxnfO{ ;"rgf k7fpg' . ;fy} a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgn] cjsfzlbPsf] ;DaGwdf >d cbfntnfO{ k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] clwsf/If]q gePsf] eGg] sfg"gL k|Zgsf]ljjfb x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd lsgf/fgnfu];Dd >d cbfntsf] ldlt @)^%.#.@&sf] km};nf sfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' egLcGtl/d cfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/Psf] 5 eGg]@)^%.$.@* sf] cfb]z .

o; cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^%.#.@& dfePsf] km};nf >d sfg"g tyf Gofosf dfGol;4fGtcg'k ePsf] / To;af6 lgj]bssf];+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL xs xgg\ ePsf]cj:yf;d]t gx'Fbf l/6 vf/]h u/L kfpFm eGg];d]tJoxf]/fsf] >d cbfntsf tkm{af6 k]z x'gcfPsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

dnfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ubf{clwsf/k|fKt JolQmn] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]Wg], ;f]xLJolQmn] ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] lg0f{o ug'{kg]{df dnfO{s]zjs'df/ kf}8]n, k|sfz/fh zdf{ / ef]h/fh

a:ofn;d]tn] :ki6Ls/0f ;f]w]sf], ef]h/fha:ofnn] l6Kk0fL k]z u/]sf], k|sfz/fh zdf{n]k]z u/]sf] l;kmfl/zdf sfo{sf/L cWoIf xl/x/b]jkGtf/f avf{:tLsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] / k|sfz/fhzdf{n] dnfO{ avf{:tLsf] kq lbPsf] x'Fbf dpk/ePsf] sf/jfxL q'l6k"0f{ eGg] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsa}+s sDkgL P]g, @)%# adf]lhd u7g eO{ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@ adf]lhd a}+ls ;]jfug]{ cg'dlt k|fKt sDkgL xf] . o:tf sDkgLdfsfo{/t\\ sd{rf/Lpk/ ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/ >dP]g, @)$* adf]lhd >d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] Joj:yf 5 . >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf @-v_ sf] kl/efiffcGtu{t l/6 lgj]bs a}+s :jtMkb{5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g,@)^# cGtu{tsf] a}+ssf sd{rf/Lpk/ ePsf]sf/jfxLdf >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUb}geGg] lgj]bg bfjL ;dk{0fsf] l;4fGtljk/Lt5 . lsgeg] dpk/ @)^$.%.@^ df ePsf]avf{:tLsf] lg0f{opk/ d}n] @)^$.&.!( df >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]df ljkIfL lgj]bsn]@)^$.!!.@& df ;f]sf] lnlvt k|ltjfb ug'{ePsf]5 . ;f] lnlvt k|ltjfbdf Joj:yfkgsf] lg0f{ooyfjt\ sfod ul/kfpFm eGg] lhsL/ u/L >dcbfntdf d }n ] lbPsf ] k 'g/fj ]bgpk/clwsf/If]qsf] ljifodf s'g} cfklQ hgfpg'ePsf] 5}g .

lgw{g pTyfg a}+sdf d @)%^.#.! dflgo'lQm eO{ sfo{ ub}{ cfPsf] / ;f] ;dodf >dP]gadf]lhd g} sf/jfxL x'g] cj:yf /x]sf]lyof] . ljkIfL a}+s ljsf; a}+s P]g, @)%@cGtu{t :yflkt ePsf] / ;f] P]gnfO{ a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL cWofb]z, @)^) n] vf/]hu/]sf], ;f] cWofb]zsf] bkmf (# sf] pkbkmf-$_ sf] k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zsf] v08 -v_ n]tTsfn k|rlnt sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ dfGotf

967967967967967

lbPsf] 5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g,@)^# ldlt @)^#.&.!( b]lv nfu" ePsf] xf] .dnfO{ sf/jfxL ul/Psf] ljlgodfjnL @)^@.@.!!df :jLs[t eO{ nfu" ePsf] xf] . kl5 cfPsf]P]gcGtu{tsf] ;f] ljlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf d]/f]xsdf nfu" ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf tTsfn k|rlntsfg"gL k|fjwfgcg'k >d cbfntaf6 ePsf]km};nf ab/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf g/x]sf] x'Fbf cfwf/xLgl/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL 5, vf/]h u/L kfpFmeGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]sf]lnlvt hjfkm .

lgj]bs a} +sn] a} +s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (! n] lbPsf]clwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! agfO{ nfu" u/L /x]sf] / ;f] ljlgodfjnLsf]ljlgod **-!_-v_ df a}+ssf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf/ gf]S;fgL ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6 avf{:tug]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] kfOG5 . ;fy} ljlgod (&df sd{rf/Lpk/ ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/ k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] clwsf/L;d]tsf] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvgcfpF5 . o;/L a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwLP]g, @)^# cGtu{t ;~rflnt x'g] a}+sn] ;f]P]gf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] clVtof/LcGtu{t cfkm\gf]sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] u/L 5'} ljlgodfjnLlgdf{0f ul/;s]sf] l:yltdf s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] u/L Joj:yfkgn] lg0f{ou/]pk/ >d P]g, @)$* adf]lhd >d cbfntn]k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg ldNg] gldNg] eGg] ;DaGwdfh6Ln sfg"gL k|Zg v8f ePsf] 5 .

o; ;DaGwdf lgj]bs kIfaf6 a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf(@ sf] Joj:yf p4[t ub}{ a}+ssf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL ;f] a}+ssf] sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf nfu"x'g] ljz]if sfg"g ePsf]n] >d P]g cfslif{tgx'g] eGg] lhsL/ klg lnOPsf] 5 . pQm P]gsf]

bkmf (@ df k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd x'g] eGg]zLif{scGtu{t o; P]g / o; P]gcGtu{thf/L ul/Psf lgod, ljlgod cfb]z jflgb]{zgdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf o;} P]g / cfb]zjf lgb]{zgadf]lhd / cGo s'/fdf k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd x'g]5 eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf]b]lvG5 . pQm Joj:yfcGtu{t bkmf (!-@_adf]lhd s'g} a}+s jf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sd{rf/Lsf];DaGwdf agfPsf] ljlgodfjnLnufot ;f]P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug]{ l;nl;nfdf g]kfn;/sf/ jf lgodgsf/L lgsfosf] kdf /xg]g]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 hf/L ul/Psf lgod,ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgx kg]{ / To:tflgod ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgxdf pNn]vePsf ljifoxdf ;f]xL lgod, cfb]z jflgb]{zgsf] s'/f nfu" x'g] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 .

>d P]g, @)$* tyf a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# ljwflosff/f lgld{tsfg"g ePsf / tL b'a} P]gsf] Joj:yf cfcfkm\gf] If]qsf] ljifodf nfu" x'g] ljz]if k|s[ltPj+ dxTjsf Joj:yfx b]lvG5g\ . a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (@sf ] Joj:yfn ] k | Tofof ] lht ljwflosLclwsf/cGtu{t hf/L ePsf lgod, ljlgod,cfb]z jf lgb]{zgxnfO{ ;d]l6/x]sf] cj:yfdf;f]cGtu{t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL klg kg]{ cj:yf b]lvg cfpF5 .o; l:yltdf lgj]bs a}+sn] P]gsf] bkmf (!-@_cGtu{t kg]{ ljifodf lgdf{0f u/]sf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnLn] pQm bkmf (@ f/f g} dfGotfk|fKt ul//x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;f]xL ljlgodfjnLcGtu{t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] s'g}sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdfljlgodfjnLn] Joj:yf u/]adf]lhd dfq pkrf/vf]Hg'kg]{ xf] jf >d P]g, @)$* sf] Joj:yf



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cGtu{t >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg]xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf b]lvPsf] o; h6Ln sfg"gLk|Zgsf] lgk0f o; cbfntsf] k"0f{ Ohnf;af6eO{ o; ;DaGwdf Pp6f lglZrt l;4fGt :yflktu/L Psktf sfod ug'{ jf~5gLo b]lvPsf]5 . t;y{ k|:t't ljjfbdf ;lGglxt o; h6Lnsfg"gL k|Zgsf] lgk0fsf nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod # -!_-3_ adf]lhdk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIf k]z ug'{eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] o; cbfnt ;+o'QmOhnf;sf] ldlt @)^*.!).!* sf] km};nf .

lgodadf]lhd Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'gcfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] ;'g'jfO{sf l;nl;nfdflgj]bstkm{af6 ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmfo >Lab|Laxfb'/ sfsL{ / >L kjgs'df/ cf]emf,clwjQmfx >L s]z/d0fL cof{n, >L ljj]sl3ld/], >L bLks l3ld/] / >L k"0f{rGb| bfxfnn]a}+ssf sd{rf/L k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf];]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ u/L ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^! sf]ljlgod (& adf]lhd cWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bgnfUg] :ki6 Joj:yf /x]sf], lgj]bs a}+s >dP]gf/f Jolj:yt x'g] k|s[ltsf] ;+:yf geO{ a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gcGtu{t ;~rfngx'g] ;+:yfsf kdf /x]sf], To;/L a}+ssf] xsdfljz]if k|s[ltsf] P]g nfu" /x]sf] / ;f] P]gcGtu{tsf]clwsf/ k|of]u u/L sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL;d]t:jLs[t eO{ nfu" ePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]ljlgodfjnLadf]lhd ePsf] sf/jfxLdf lrQga'em\g] kIfn] ;f]xL ljlgodfjnLn] lgwf{/0fu/]adf]lhd pkrf/ vf]Hg'kg]{df >d P]gsfcfwf/df >d cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf]x'Fbf k|f/lDeskd} clwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 ePsf]5 . To;/L >d cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg g}gnfUg] cj:yfdf >d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bgkq

u|x0f u/L km};nf u/]sf] q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] x'Fbf ;f]km};nf pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zf/f ab/ x'g'kb{5eGg];d]tsf] ax; ug'{eof] .

To;}u/L ljkIfL >d cbfntsf] tkm{af6pkl:yt ljfg pkGofoflwjQmf >L dbgaxfb'/wfdLn] >d P]gn] Basic Standard lgwf{/0f u/]sf]/ lgj]bs a}+s k|lti7fgsf] kl/efiffleq ;d]l6g];+:yf /x]sf] ;Gbe{df a}+ssf sd{rf/L sfdbf/sf]xsdf >d P]g cfslif{t gx'g] eGg ldNb}g .>d ljjfbsf ljifodf a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g ;fdfGo sfg"g xf] eg] >dP]g ljz]if P]g xf] . t;y{ >d cbfntsf]km};nfnfO{ cGoyf eGg ldNg] x'Fb}g egL ax;ug'{ eof] . csf{ ljkIfL k]|dk|;fb l3ld/]sf]tkm{af6 ljfg clwjQmfo >L /fhg clwsf/L/ >L /fdxl/ lqkf7Ln] >ldssf] xs lxtsfnflu ag]sf] >d P]g >ldssf] xsdf nfu"gx'g] egL cy{af]w ug{ ldNb}g . k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf cWoIfsf] lg0f{on] g} ;]jfaf6avf{:t ul/Psf] cj:yfdf k'gM cWoIf;dIfk'g/fj]bg ug'{sf] s'g} cy{ klg b]lvFb}g . To;/Llg0f{o ug]{ / k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/ Pp6}clwsf/Ldf k|bfg ug]{ vfnsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfcfkm}+df q'l6k"0f{ /x]sf] x'Fbf >d P]gcGtu{tGofosf] dfu ug'{ cGoyf gx'g] ePsfn] >dcbfntaf6 clwsf/ If]q u|x0f u/L ePsf] km};nfsfg"gcg'k g} 5, k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g'kb{5 eGg];d]t ax; ug'{eof] .

@= k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf a}+ssf tkm{af6d"ntM >d P]gsf] kl/R5]b * cGtu{t lbPsf]cfb]zpk/ pQm P]gsf] bkmf ^)-u_ cg';f/>d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] :ki6 sfg"gLJoj:yf /x]sf]df a}+sn] a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (! sf] pkbkmf-@_ sf] v08 -u_ adf]lhd a}+ssf sd{rf/LnfO{

969969969969969

nfu" x'g] u/L sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^!agfO{ nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . ;f] ljlgodfjnLnfO{a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf (@n];d]t sfg"gL cfwf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 / g]kfn/fi6 a}+saf6 ;d]t :jLs[t ;f] ljlgodfjnLadf]lhd eP u/]sf sfo{nfO{ cGoyf eGg ldNg]cj:yf 5}g . ;f]xL ljlgodfjnLsf] ljlgod**-!_-v_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf]cj:yfdf ljlgod (& adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ;'Ggclwsf/L;d]t lglZrt\ ul/Psf] 5 . o;/La}+ssf] ljlgodfjnLn] :ki6kdf sf/jfxL /;f]pk/sf] k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg];d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf]cj:yfdf ;f]xL ljlgodadf]lhdsf] ;]jf, zt{/ ;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ub}{ cfPsf ljkIfL k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf]dflghn] ljlgodadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg gu/L >dP]gsf] bkmf ^)-u_ cg';f/ egL ;f]em} >dcbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg u/]sf / ;f] k'g/fj]bgu|x0f u/L lgh ljkIfLnfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfdf k'gj{xfnLug]{ u/L >d cbfntaf6 km};nf ePsf] 5 .To;/L >d P]g cfslif{t g} gx'g] cj:yfdf>d cbfntn] If]qflwsf/laxLg k'g/fj]bg u|x0fu/L km};nf u/]sf] x'Fbf >d cbfntsf] ;f] sfo{k|rlnt sfg"g, :yflkt Goflos dfGotf tyf;jf] {Rr cbfntf/f k|ltkflbt Goflosl;4fGtx;d]tsf] k|lts"n /x]sf]n] pTk|]if0fsf]cfb]zf/f pQm km};nf ab/ u/L kfpmFeGg];d]tsf] lhsL/ lnOPsf] kfOG5 . k|:t'td'2fsf] ;du| tYonfO{ x]bf{ lgw{g pTyfg a}+slnld6]8sf ;xfos sd{rf/L k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{pQm a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^! sf]ljlgod **-!_-v_ adf]lhd a}+ssf] ldlt@)^$.%.@^ sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:tul/Psf] / ;f] lg0f{opk/ lgh k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]n]>d P]gadf]lhd >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg

u/]sf] / ;f] cbfntaf6 >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf %# ;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ a}+ssf] pQmlg0f{o ab/ x'g] / k'g/fj]bs cfkm\gf] kbdfk'gj{xfnL x'g] 7xofO{ ldlt @)^%.#.@& dfkm};nf u/]sf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 . ;f] km};nfab/sf nflu a } +ssf tkm {af6 l/6If]qflwsf/cGtu{t o; cbfntdf bfo/ x'gcfPsf] lgj]bgsf /f]xdf o; cbfntsf] ;+o'QmOhnf;af6 a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf]s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdfljlgodfjnLn] Joj:yf u/]adf]lhd dfq pkrf/vf ]Hg'kg] { xf ] jf >d P]g, @)$* sf]Joj:yfcGtu{t >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{;lsg] xf] eGg] k|Zg p7fO{ k"0f{ Ohnf;;dIfk]z ug'{ egL ePsf] cfb]zcg'k k|:t't l/6lgj]bg o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] 5 .plNnlvt ;Gbe{df k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf k|ydtMb]xfosf k|Zgxsf] lgk0f u/L lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o x'g'kg]{ cj:yfb]lvg cfof] .

!= >d P]g, @)$* n] u/]sf] cfr/0f /;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf lglZrt\ k|s[ltsfk | lti7fgdf sfo {/t \ \ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf cfslif{t x'g] xf]jf h'g;'s} k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t\\ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf cfslif{t x'g] s]xf] d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bg ;'gLu/]sf] lg0f{o sfg"gcg'k 5 jf 5}g d P]g, @)$* n] u/]sf]

cfr/0f / ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf lglZrt\k |s[ltsf k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t\ \ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf cfslif{t x'g] xf] jf h'g;'s}k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t\\ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lxsfxsdf cfslif{t x'g] s] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ubf{ >d P]g, @)$* sf] k|:tfjgfnufotsfk|fjwfgxnfO{ ;d]t cWoog ul/g' ;fGble{sx'g cfpF5 . >d P]g, @)$* sf] k|:tfjgfaf6ljleGg If]qsf k|lti7fgxdf sfd ug]{ sfdbf/tyf sd{rf/Lxsf] xs, lxt, ;'ljwf / ;'/Iffsf]Joj:yf u/L >d ;DaGwdf ;dof]lrt Joj:yfug{ pQm P]g lgdf{0f ul/Psf] eGg] b]lvG5 eg]bkmf @ cGtu{t v08 -v_ df k|lti7fg zAbsf]kl/efiff k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . h;cg';f/k|lti7fg eGgfn] s'g} pBf]u, Joj;fo jf ;]jf;~rfng ug]{ p2]Zon] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd:yflkt bzhgf jf ;f]eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jfsd{rf/L sfo{/t\\ /x]sf] s'g} sf/vfgf, sDkgL,;+u7g, ;+:yf, kmd{ jf ltgsf] ;d"xnfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 . o; afx]s P]gsf] kl/R5]b @ df /f]huf/L/ ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff;DaGwL Joj:yf ug'{sf ;fy}kbsf] auL{s/0f u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt

>d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg]{ Joj:yf;d]t ul/Psf]5 . To;}u/L ljz]if k|lti7fgsf kdflrofaufg, lgdf{0f Joj;fo, oftfoft Joj;fo,xf]6]n, 6fen, 6]ls, P8e]Gr/, ofkm\l6, hn,;kmf/L cflb Joj;fo ;~rfng ug]{ k|lti7fgnfO{;dfj]z ul/Psf] kfOG5 . P]gsf] kl/R5]b * dfcfr/0f / ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .h;cGtu{t ;hfosf] k|sf/ pNn]v ub}{ s]s:tf] sfo{ u/]df v/fa cfr/0f x'g] eGg]ljj/0fsf ;fy} To:tf] v/fa cfr/0f u/]df x'g];hfo, ;hfo ubf {sf ] sfo { ljlw /k'g/fj]bg;d]tsf] Joj:yf P]gdf ul/Psf]kfOG5 .

$= To; cltl/Qm >d;DaGwL ljleGg;ldlt, >d clws[t, sf/vfgf lg/LIfs / >dljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof / ;+oGq;d]tsf af/]dfP]gdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . k|lti7fg v8f ug{,agfpg jf eO/x]sf] k|lti7fgnfO{ a9fpg k/]dfJoj:yfksn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{>d sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ clgjfo{ Joj:yfP]gdf /x]sf] 5 . k|To]s k|lti7fgn] cfkm\gf]sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, zt{ ;DaGwdfagfPsf] ljlgodsf] k|lt ;DalGwt >dsfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf klg P]gsf]bkmf *& df ul/Psf] kfOG5 . o;/L k|lti7fgsfsfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/IffnufotpgLxsf] cfr/0f;d]tsf ;DaGwdf >d P]gn]Joj:yf u/]sf] / v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ sfdbf/sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo ubf{ clgjfo{kdfcjnDag ug'{kg]{ sfo{ljlw klg P]gn] tf]lslbPsf]kfOG5 .

%= >d P]gdf /x ]sf plNnlvtk|fjwfgx / ;+oGqxnfO{ uxgkdf cWoogug]{ xf] eg] To;af6 >d P]gn] ;d]6\g] If]qsfaf/]df :ki6 x'g cfpF5 . k|lti7fg lgdf{0f ubf{

971971971971971

jf lj:tf/ ubf{;d]t >d sfof{nodf ljj/0fk]z ug'{ kg]{ / sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, zt{;DaGwdf k|lti7fgf/f agfOPsf] ljlgod;d]t>d sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg]{ Joj:yfn] klgk|lti7fg zAbnfO{ ;Lldt t'NofPsf] 5 . olbsDkgL, ;+u7g, ;+:yf, kmd{ jf ltgsf];d"xcGtu{t kg]{ ;a} ;+:yfnfO{ k|lti7fgcGtu{tdfGg] xf] eg] s'g} klg ;+:yf To;af6 aflx/kg]{ cj:yf b]lvFb}g . olb sDkgL P]gcGtu{tjf cGo ljz]if P]gcGtu{t ;+:yflkt ;a} vfnsf;+:yfx >d P]gsf] bfo/fleq /x]sf] dfGg] xf]eg] To:tf ;+:yfxn] cfkm\gf] :yfkgfsf]hfgsf/L >d sfof{nodf lbPsf] cj:yf 5 of5}g To:tf ;+:yfxnfO{ pgLxsf] ljlgod>d sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] egL;a} ;+:yfxnfO{ cjut u/fOPsf] 5 of 5}gk]z ug'{kg]{ elgPsf] ljj/0f jf ljlgod k]zu/] gu/]sf] ;DaGwdf >d sfof{noxn]cg'udg u/]sf 5g\ of 5}gg\ To;/Lclgjfo{kdf >d sfof{nodf a'emfpg' kg]{ljj/0f jf ljlgod ga'emfPsf] eGg] cfwf/dfs'g} ;+:yfnfO{ >d sfof{noaf6 sf/jfxL ul/Psf]cj:yf 5 of 5}g eGg] h:tf k|Zgx:jfefljskdf p7\g ;S5g\ . t/ Jojxf/dfx]bf{ oL ;a} k|Zgxsf] pQ/ ;sf/fTdscfpFb}g . h;sf] ;f]emf] cy{ x'G5 ;a} k|s[ltsfk|lti7fgx >d P]gsf] bfo/fleq kb}{gg\ .sDkgL P]g jf cGo ljz]if P]gcGtu{t ;+:yflktk|lti7fgxsf cfcfkm\g} p2]Zo /x]sf x'g;S5g\, To:tf k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ k|s[lt klgkm/skm/s x'g ;S5, To;leq cfa4 hgzlQmn];Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ sfo{ klg km/skm/s x'g ;S5,pgLxsf] sfo{jftfj/0f / ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff;DaGwdf cg'udg ug]{ jf lgodg ug]{lgsfox klg km/s km/s x'g ;S5g\ . To;}n]

;DalGwt ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo, sfo{k|s[lt, To;leqcfa4 hgzlQm / pgLxsf] ;]jf ;'/Iff;d]tsfljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/ gagfO{ k|lti7fg zAbsf];txL JofVofsf e/df ;a} ;+:yfxnfO{ Pp6}b[li6sf]0fn] x]l/g' Gofof]lrt / Jojxfl/s;d]tx'g ;Sb}g . >d P]gn] >ldssf] xs, lxt,;'/Iff, ;]jf, zt{, ljjfb ;dfwfgsf] k|lqmof /;+oGq;d]tsf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To:t} Joj:yfcGo P]g jf sfg"gf/f ul/Psf] cj:yfdf To:tfsfg"gf/f ;+:yflkt k|lti7fg jf ;+:yf jf kmd{jf sDkgLdf sfo{/t\ sd{rf/Lxsf] xsdf>d P]g cfslif{t x'g] egL To:tf] k|lti7fg,;+:yf jf kmd{ ;+:yflkt ug]{ sfg"gnfO{ cy{xLg/ cf}lrToxLg t'Nofpg] u/L sfg"gsf] JofVoful/g' x'Fb}g . To:tf ;+:yfxsf] xsdf >dP]g xf]Og, ToxL sfg"g cfslif{t x'G5 .

^= >d P]g afx]ssf cGo P]gcGtu{t;+:yflkt k|lti7fgxdf >d P]g cfslif{t x'g]xf] jf cGo P]g, To;cGtu{tsf] lgod jfljlgodsf] Joj:yf cfslif{t x'g] eGg] ;DaGwdfo;cl3 klg o; cbfnt;dIf k|Zgx p7]sf]kfOG5 . o;} ;Gbe{df ls/0fs'df/ >]i7;d]tlj4 ;~rfns ;ldlt, g ]kfn a } +slnld6]8;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg -g]sfk @)%^,c+s ^ , lg=g+= ^ !, k[i7 $)#_ df 6]8 o'lgogP]g, @)$* / jfl0fHo a}+s P]g, @)#!cGtu{tag]sf lgodx aflemPsf] ca:yfdf s'g sfg"gnfu" x'g] eGg] k|Zg p7]sf]df jfl0fHo a}+s P]g,@)#! sf] bkmf %@ n] pQm P]g / ;f]cGtu{tag ]sf lgodxdf n ] lvPsf ] s '/ fdf;f]xLadf]lhd / cdf k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdx'g] egL u/]sf] Joj:yf;d]tnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/jfl0fHo a}+s P]gsf] bkmf %@ cGtu{t ag]sf]g]kfn a}+s sd{rf/L lgodfjnL g} nfu" x'g]egL o; cbfntsf] ljz]if Ohnf;af6 l;4fGt



972972972972972

sfod ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfn c/a a}+slnld6]8sf Joj:yfkssf tkm{af6 ljgo /]UdLlj4 >d cbfnt;d]t ePsf] csf]{ l/6 lgj]bg-@)%* ;fnsf] l/6 g+= #)&$, km};nf ldltM@)%(.@.@!_ df a}+ssf] sfdbf/ / sd{rf/Lsf];DaGwdf jfl0fHo P]g, @)#! adf]lhd ag]sf]g]kfn c/a a}+s lnld6]8sf] sd{rf/L lgodfjnLtyf sfo{ljlw lgb]{lzsf, @)$% -xfn sd{rf/LlgodfjnL, @)%&_ g} nfu" x'g], >d P]g, @)$*cfslif{t x'g g;Sg] egL >d cbfntn]k 'g/fj ]bg u |x0f u/L u/ ]sf ] km };nfclwsf/If]qlaxLg /x]sf] egL km};nf ePsf]5 . To;}u/L dxfnIdL kmfOgfG; lnld6]8;d]tlj4 >d cbfnt ePsf] csf]{ l/6 lgj]bg-@)^) ;fnsf] l/6 g+= @&^#, km};nf ldltM@)^!.!@.%_ df klg lgj]bs sDkgL ljQ sDkgLP]g, @)$@ cg';f/ ul7t Pj+ ;~rflnt ePsf]eGg] cfwf/df pQm sDkgLn] agfPsf] sd{rf/LljlgodfjnL, @)%& cg';f/ ePsf] sf/jfxLlj4 ;f]xL ljlgodfjnLcGtu{tsf] pkrf/ vf]Hg'kg]{ lgisif{df k'uL lgj]bs sDkgLsf] xsdf>d P]g nfUg g;Sg]df >d cbfntn] k'g/fj]bgu|x0f u/L u/]sf] km};nfdf If]qflwsf/sf] q'6LljBdfg /x]sf] egL km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 .To;}u/L ;]G6 h]leo;{ :s"nsf tkm{af6 P]=sfk|wfgfWofks af]lgkm]; l6Uuf P;=h]= lj4>d cbfnt;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg -l/6 g+=M)^&WO)&)(, km};nf ldltM @)^(.$.#)_df klg o:t} k|Zg p7]sf]df z}lIfs ;+:yfsf]kdf /x]sf] ljBfnosf] u7g, ;~rfng /lgodg;d]tsf] sfd sf/jfxL lzIff P]g, @)@*/ lzIff lgodfjnL, @)%( adf]lhd x'g]eGg];d]tsf] cfwf/ u|x0f ub}{ ;DalGwtljBfnosf] sd{rf/L ;]jf lgodcg';f/ sf/jfxLePsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL lgod cg';f/sf]

pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug'{kg]{df >d P]g, @)$* dfePsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg';f/ >d cbfntdfk/]sf] k'g/fj]bgnfO{ If]qflwsf/laxLgsf] ;+1flbOPsf] b]lvg cfpF5 .

&= o;/L o; cbfntaf6 ePsf k"j{km};nfxaf6;d]t ljleGg ljifout P]gcGtu{t;+:yflkt sDkgL, ;+:yf, kmd{ jf k|lti7fgxsfxsdf To:tf P]gcGtu{tsf lgod, ljlgodf/ftf]lsPsf ;]jf, zt{, ;'ljwf / cg'udg, lgodgPj+ d"Nof\sg;d]tsf ;+oGqx g} k|efjL x'g]/ ;a} vfnsf k|lti7fgxdf >d P]g, @)$*nfu" gx'g] egL l;4fGt sfod ePsf] kfOG5 .plNnlvt cfwf/df klg >d P]g, @)$* n]u/]sf] cfr/0f / ;hfo;DaGwL Joj:yf lglZrt\k |s [ ltsf k | lti7fgdf sfo{/t\ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf dfq cfslif{t x'G5,h 'g; 's } k | lti7fgdf sfo {/t \ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf pQm Joj:yf cfslif{tx'Fb}g eGg] lgisif{df k'Ug ;lsG5 .

*= ca, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf(! n] k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] clwsf/cGtu{t th'{dful/Psf] ljlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfcg'k cfkm\gf]s'g} sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] sf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdf;f]xL ljlgodcg';f/sf] pkrf/ vf]Hg' kg]{ xf]jf >d P]g, @)$* sf] Joj:yfcGtu{t >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;lsg] xf] eGg] k|Zgdfk|j]z u/f}+ . o;cl3 ul/Psf] ljZn]if0f;d]taf6h'g; 's } k | lti7fgdf sfo {/t \ sfdbf/sd{rf/Lxsf xsdf >d P]g, @)$* cfslif{tx'g] ge} ;f] k|lti7fg ;+:yflkt ug]{ P]g /;f]cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod, ljlgoddf /x]sf]Joj:yf g} cfslif{t x'g] eGg] lgisif{df of]Ohnf; k'u]sf] 5 . plNnlvt ;Gbe{df k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf] ljifoj:t'sf] ;fk]Iftfdf x]bf{

973973973973973

l/6 lgj]bsn] cfkm\gf] a}+s, a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]gcGtu{t ;+:yflkt ePsf], ;f]xLP]gsf] bkmf (! n] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/cGtu{t/xL a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^! th'{dful/Psf] / ;f] ljlgodfjnLsf] kl/R5]b & dfljefuLo sf/jfxL;DaGwL :ki6 Joj:yf /xLljlgod ** df ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:tug]{;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf], ;f]xL cfwf/dfa}+ssf ;xfos sd{rf/L k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ u/L lg0f{o ePsf] / ;f]lg0f{opk/ a}+ssf cWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbg;lsg] k|fjwfg ljlgod (& df /x]sf]df ;f]k|fjwfgcGtu{t pkrf/ gvf]hL l;w} >d P]g,@)$* sf] bkmf ^) cg';f/ >d cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg u/]sf] x'Fbf >d cbfntnfO{ To;/Lk'g/fj]bg ;'Gg] clwsf/ g} g/x]sf]n] >dcbfntsf] km};nf ab/efuL /x]sf] egL lhsL/lnPsf] kfOG5 .

(= lgj]bs lgw{g pTyfg a}+s sDkgLP]g, @)%# adf]lhd n3' ljQ sDkgLsf kdfbtf{ ePsf] / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwLP]g, @)^# cg'k a}+ls Joj;fo ub}{ cfPsf];+:yf xf] eGg] tYodf ljjfb 5}g . pQmP]gcGtu{t :yfkgf eO{ ;~rfng x'g] a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yfsf] sfd sf/f]af/ ;'Jojl:ytkn];~rfng ug{ / P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{Ohfht k|fKt ;+:yfn] ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]u/L pQm P]gsf] bkmf (! cGtu{t ;f];DaGwLclwsf/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xLbkmf (! sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] b]xfo -s_ b]lv-5_ ;Dd ljleGg ljifoxdf To:tf] ljlgodagfpg ;lsg] eGg] Joj:yf ub}{ b]xfo -u_ dfOhfht k|fKt ;+:yfsf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm,a9'jf, ;jf avf{:tL, tnj, eQf, pkbfg,lgj[Qe/0f, ljbf, cfr/0f, cg'zf;g;d]t ;]jfsf

zt{ / u7gaf/]df ;d]t To:tf] ljlgod agfpgkfpg] u/L clwsf/ k|bfg ul/Psf] kfOG5 .

!)= plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfaf6lgj]bs a} +snufotsf a} +s tyf ljQLo;+:yfxn] cfkm\gf] sfd sf/jfxL ;'rf kdf;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm,;jf, a9'jf, avf{:tL Pj+ cg'zf;gfTdssf/jfxLnufot ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L k|zf;g;Fu;DalGwt ljifoxnfO{ :jo+n] 5'} ljlgodth'{df u/L lgoldt / Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg] /To:tf] ljlgod /fi6 a}+sn] :jLs[lt k|bfg u/]kl5nfu" x'g ;Sg] b]lvg cfpF5 . h;sf cfwf/dfa}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf]bkmf (! df ;+:yfn] ljlgod agfpg ;Sg]u/L k|bfg ul/Psf] clVtof/LcGtu{t g} lgw{gpTyfg a}+sn] cfkm\gf sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfkgsfnflu plNnlvt ljifoj:t';d]t ;dfj]z u/Lsd{rf/L ljlgod agfPsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5. a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf(@ n] pQm P]gcGtu{t hf/L ePsf lgod,ljlgod, cfb]z jf lgb]{zgdf n]lvPsf s'/fdf;f ]xLadf ] lhd / cGo s'/fdf k |rlntsfg"gadf]lhd x'g] egL :ki6 Joj:yf u/]af6lgw{g pTyfg a}+saf6 hf/L ePsf] ljlgoddfn]lvPsf s'/fdf ;f]xL ljlgod k|efjL x'g] eGg]dfklg ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g .

!!= a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfxsf] xsdflgodgsf/L lgsfosf kdf g]kfn /fi6 a}+s/xg], To:tf ;+:yfn] agfPsf] ljlgod;d]tg]kfn /fi6 a}+saf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{;d]tsf]Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'Fbf To:tf ;+:yfsf] xsdf>d P]gcg';f/ >d sfof{noxn] lgodgug{ ldNg] cj:yf b]lvg cfpFb}g . P]gsf]clVtof/LcGtu{t sd{rf/Lxsf] cfr/0flglZrt\ ul/Psf] / ;f] cfwf/df ljefuLo



974974974974974

sf/jfxL ug]{ clwsf/L;d]t tf]sL To:tfclwsf/Ln] u/]sf] sf/jfxLpk/ k'g/fj]bg ;''Gg]clwsf/L klg tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf >d P]gdfplNnlvt cfr/0f / ;hfo;DaGwL s'/fxTo:tf ;+:yfn] cg'z/0f ub} {gg\ . h'gsfg"gcg';f/sf] sf/jfxL ePsf] xf], To;dfcjnDag ug'{kg]{ sfo{ljlw klg :jefjtM ;f]xLsfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd g} x'G5 / ;f]pk/sf]pkrf/ klg ;f]xL sfg"gn] tf]s]cg';f/ g} vf]Hg'kg]{ x'G5 . of] ;fdfGo / :jfefljs k|lqmof g}xf] . olb ;DalGwt sfg"gn] ;hfosf] dfqJoj:yf u/L To;pk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg];DaGwLJoj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yf eP :jefjtM k|rlntsfg"gn] tf]s]sf] cGo k|lqmofsf] cjnDag ug'{kg]{afWotf l;h{gf x'g hfGYof], h;nfO{ a}+s tyfljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gsf] bkmf (@ n] klg:ki6 u/]s} 5 .

!@= k|:t't ljjfbdf l/6 lgj]bs a}+ssf]sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^! a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (!-@_-u_adf]lhdsf] clVtof/LcGtu{t g} th'{df e} nfu"ul/Psf] x'Fbf ;f] ljlgodfjnL lgj]bs a}+sdfsfo{/t\ sd{rf/Lxsf] xsdf nfu" x'g] 5'}k|s[ltsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf kdf /x]sf] / a}+styf ljQLo ;+:yf;DaGwL P]gf/f g} 5'} x}l;ot/ dfGotf k|bfg ePsf] cj:yf x'Fbf ;f]xLljlgodfjnLsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ ljkIfL dWo]sfk]|dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 avf{:tul/Psf]df To:tf] avf{:tLsf] lg0f{opk/ lrQga'em] ;f]xL ljlgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf adf]lhddfq} ;Da4 a}+s kbflwsf/L;dIf k'g/fj]bgnfUg]df ;f]sf] ljk/Lt >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf ^ ) sf] v08 -u_ cGtu{t >d cbfnt;dIfk'g/fj]bg ul/Psf] eGg] s'/f k|df0f:jk k|fKtePsf] >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+sf] ldl;naf6

b]lvg cfPsf] 5 . cfkm" cfa4 ;+:yfsf]ljlgodfjnLdf g} ;hfopk/ k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]clwsf/L;d]t lglZrt\ ul/Psf] cj:yfdf To:tf]sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cg'z/0f ug'{ ;DalGwtsd{rf/Lsf ] st {Jo aGb5 . ; +:yfsf ]ljlgodfjnLdf /x]sf] :ki6 sfg"gL k|fjwfgnfO{Psflt/ k~5fP/ cGo P]g sfg"gcGtu{tsf]pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug{ ldNg] x'Fb}g . o;sf] cltl/Qmcfkm " sfo{/t\ /x]sf ] cj:yf;Dd ;f]xLljlgodcGtu{tsf] ;]jf, zt{ / ;'ljwfsf] pkef]uug]{ t/ cfkm"nfO{ sf/jfxL ePkl5 eg] pQmsfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|lqmof eGbf aflx/af6pkrf/ vf]lhg'nfO{ sfg"g cg's"n dfGg ;lsFb}g. s'g} klg sfg"g ab/ 3f]lift gx'Fbf;Dd j}wsfg"gsf kdf /xG5 . To:tf] j}w sfg"gnfO{Pp6f lglZrt cj:yf;Dd cg'z/0f ug]{ /cfkm\gf]k|lts"n lg0f{o ePkl5 To;nfO{ k"0f{tMOGsf/ ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ ;]jf sfg"g -Service Law_;DaGwL l;4fGtn] klg :jLsf/ ub}{g . t;y{k|:t't ljjfbsf ;Gbe{df klg a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# / ;f]cGtu{t th'{dful/Psf] lgod tyf ljlgoddf Joj:yful/Pcg'k ;DalGwt ;+:yfn] cfkm\gf] s'g}sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ u/]sf] ljefuLosf/jfxLsf ;DaGwdf ;f]xL ljlgodcg';f/sf]pkrf/sf] vf]hL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

!#= k|:t't ljjfbdf lgw{g pTyfg a}+sn]sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnLsf] ljlgod **-!_ -v_cg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]n] ;f] sf/jfxLpk/ >d cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg u/L >d cbfntaf6 ;]jfdf k'ga{xfnLug]{ u/L u/]sf] lg0f{o If]qflwsf/laxLg /x]sf]eGg] k|Zg klg p7fOPsf] x'Fbf lgj]bs lgw{gpTyfg a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^!cg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf JolQmn] ;f]

975975975975975

ljlgodfjnLdf k'g/fj]bg;DaGwL Joj:yf x'Fbfx'Fb};f]cGtu{t pkrf/ gvf]hL >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf ^ )-u_ adf]lhd >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgug]{ / >d cbfntn] To:tf] k'g/fj]bg u|x0fu/L lg0f{o ug{ ldNg] gldNg] s] xf] eGg] k|Zgsf]klg lgk0f ul/g' kg]{ ePsf] 5 .

!$= ;f] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ oLlgj]bsnfO{ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf] af/]sf]kqdf :ki6kdf a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! -;+zf]wg ;lxt_ sf] ljlgod **-!_-v_adf]lhd a}+ssf] ;DklQ lxgfldgf, xflg gf]S;fgLu/]sf] kfOPsf]n] a}+ssf] ldlt @)^$.%.@^ sf]lg0f{oadf]lhd a}+ssf] ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ul/Psf]egL dxfk|aGwsaf6 x:tfIf/ ul/Psf] kfOG5 .pQm kqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ljlgod ** n];]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{;DaGwL Joj:yfu/]sf] / To;/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg] jf avf{:t ug]{u/L ePsf] lg0f{opk/ ljlgod (& df k'g/fj]bg;'Gg] clwsf/L tf]lsPsf] kfOG5 . >dcbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug]{ ljkIfL k|]dk|;fbl3ld/] lgw{g pTyfg a}+ssf] ;xfos sd{rf/L/x]sf] eGg] s'/fdf ljjfb 5}g . ;]jfaf6 avf{:tug]{ u/L ePsf] lg0f{opk/ ;xfos sd{rf/Ln]To:tf] lg0f{o ePsf] #% lbgleq a}+ssfcWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg] Joj:yfljlgod (&-!_-v_ df ul/Psf] 5 . o;cl3ul/Psf] ljZn]if0faf6 ;a} vfnsf k|lti7fgsfsd{rf/Lsf] xsdf >d P]g cfslif{t gx'g] /cfkm" cfa4 ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgodn] u/]sf]Joj:yfsf xsdf ;f]xL ljlgod cfslif{t x'g]eGg] lgisif{df of] Ohnf; k'lu;s]sf] kl/k|]Iodflgh k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]n] lgh sfo{/t\ ;+:yfsf]ljlgoddf tf]lsPcg';f/ g} pkrf/sf] dfuug'{ kg]{ s'/fdf klg ljjfb x'g ;Sb}g .

!%= ax;sf l;nl;nfdf lghtkm{af6pkl:yt x'g'ePsf ljfg sfg"g Joj;foLxn]ljlgoddf cWoIf;dIf k'g/fj]bg nfUg] Joj:yful/Psf] / lghnfO{ ;]jfaf6 avf{:t ug]{ lg0f{oklg cWoIf :jo+n] g} u/]sf] x'Fbf To;/L lg0f{oug]{ / ;f] lg0f{opk/sf] k'g/fj]bg Ps} JolQmn];'Gg] cj:yf /x]af6 To:tf] lg0f{odf lgikIftfsf]cefj /xg] ePsfn] >d cbfnt;dIf k'g/fj]bgul/Psf] egL lhsL/ lnPsf] cj:yf 5 . t/lghsf tkm {af6 >d cbfntdf k/]sf ]k'g/fj]bgdf eg] To:tf] lhsL/ lnOPsf] b]lvFb}g,g t sfg"gn] :ki6 clVtof/L glbFbf;Dd s;}n]k'g/fj]bg bfo/ u/]s} e/df Goflos lgsfosf]clwsf/If]q pTklQ g} x'g ;S5 .

!^= o;sf cltl/Qm a}+ssf] sd{rf/Lljlgoddf /x]sf] To:tf] Joj:yfnfO{ r'gf}tLlbO{ ab/ 3f]lift gu/fpFbf;Dd To;nfO{ j}wsfg"gsf kdf lng'kg]{ x'Fbf lgh k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]tkm{af6 lnOPsf] lhsL/sf] sfg"gL cfwf/klg b]lvFb}g . s'g} klg sfdbf/ sd{rf/Ln]cfkm" cfa4 ;+:yfsf] sd{rf/L ljlgoddf lglZrt\ul/Pcg'k g} ;]jf ;'ljwfsf] bfjL ug{ ;lsg]/ cfkm\gf] cfr/0f / ljefuLo sf/jfxL;DaGwLJoj:yfsf] xsdf klg ;f]xL ljlgodsf k|fawfgcfslif{t x'g] x'Fbf To:tf] j}w sfg"gcGtu{tul/Psf ] sf/jfxLpk/sf ] pkrf/ klgTo;}cGtu{t vf]lhg' kg]{ x'G5 . olb ;DalGwtsfg"gn] pkrf/sf] :ki6 Joj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yfeP dfq cGo k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdsf] pkrf/vf]Hg ;lsg] x'G5 . sfg"gn] g} k'g/fj]bg ;'Gg]clwsf/L lglZrt\ u/]sf] kfOPsf] x'Fbf To:tfclwsf/L;dIf k'g/fj]bg gu/L l;w} >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ul/Psf] b]lvPaf6 To;/Lsfg"gn] g} clVtof/ k|bfg gu/]sf] lgsfo;dIful/Psf] ofrgfn] s'g} cy{ /fVb}g g t To:tf



976976976976976

lgsfon] u/]sf] lg0f{on] g} sfg"gL dfGotfkfpg] x'G5 . t;y{ ljkIfLdWo]sf k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]n] >d P]gsf] bkmf ^) sf] v08 -u_cg';f/ >d cbfntdf u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg u|x0fu/L >d cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf If]qflwsf/laxLgb]lvg cfof] .

!&= ca, k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og eGg] clGtd k|Zgdf ljrf/ ubf{ljkIfLdWo]sf k|]dk|;fb l3ld/] sfo{/t\ /x]sf]lgw{g pTyfg a}+sn] g]kfn /fi6 a} +ssf]:jLs[lt;d]t k|fKt u/L a}+s tyf ljQLo;+:yf;DaGwL P]g, @)^# sf] bkmf (! n] lbPsf]clwsf/ k|of]u u/L a}+ssf] sd{rf/LnfO{ nfu"x'g] u/L ljlgod agfO{ nfu" u/]sf] eGg] s'/fljlgodsf] lz/ Joxf]/faf6 b]lvG5 . lghk|]dk|;fb l3ld/] ;f]xL ljlgodnfO{ :jLsf/ u/La}+ssf] ;xfos:t/sf] sd{rf/Lsf kdf sfo{/t\/x]sf] / To;cGtu{tsf ;]jf ;'ljwfsf]pkef]u;d]t u/]sf] eGg] tYodf klg ljjfbsf]cj:yf 5}g . To;/L ;DalGwt P]gsf]clVtof/LcGtu{t th'{df ePsf] / ;DalGwtlgofds lgsfoaf6 cg'df]bg;d]t ePsf]ljlgodnfO{ j}w sfg"gsf kdf u|x0f ug'{kg]{x'g cfpF5 . To:tf] j}w sfg"g cyf{t\ lgw{gpTyfg a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL, @)^!sf] ljlgod **-!_-v_ cg';f/ ;]jfaf6 avf{:tul/Psf lgh k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]sf] xsdf ;f]xLljlgodfjnLsf] ljlgod (&-!_-v_ cg';f/k'g/fj]bg u/L pkrf/ dfu ug'{kg]{ :ki6 sfg"gLaf6f] /x]sf]df lghn] >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf^) sf] v08 -u_ cGtu{t >d cbfntdfu/]sf] k'g/fj]bgnfO{ sfg"gcg's"nsf] dfGg;lsg] cj:yf b]lvg cfPg . ;fy} >d cbfntn]cfkm";dIf k'g/fj]bg g} gnfUg] cj:yfsf

JolQmsf] k'g/fj]bg u|x0f u/L u/]sf] km};nfklg :jtM If]qflwsf/laxLg b]lvg cfof] .

!*= t;y{ dfly ljj]lrt cfwf/df lgw{gpTyfg a}+ssf ;xfos sd{rf/L k|]dk|;fbl3ld/]nfO{ ;f] a}+ssf] sd{rf/L ljlgodfjnL,@)^! sf] ljlgod **-!_-v_ adf]lhd ;]jfaf6avf{:t ug]{ u/L ePsf] sf/jfxLpk/ k'g/fj]bgu|x0f u/L lgh k|]dk|;fb l3ld/]nfO{ ;]jfdfk'ga{xfnL ug]{ u/]sf] >d cbfnt sf7df8f}+sf]ldlt @)^%.#.@& sf] km};nfdf clwsf/If]qfTds q'l6 ljBdfg /x]sf] b]lvFbf pQm km};nfpTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zf/f ab/ x'g] 7x5{ .

!(= ;fy} >d cbfntn] cfkm";dIfk'g/fj]bg g} gnfUg] cj:yfsf JolQmsf]k'g/fj]bg u|x0f u/L km};nf u/]sf] cj:yfb]lvPsf] kl/k|]Iodf pQm cbfntsf] If]qflwsf/sf]ljifodf klg s]xL ljj]rgf ul/g'kg]{ cj:yfb]lvg cfPsf] 5 . o; cbfntn] o;cl3 klgls/0fs'df/ >]i7;d]t lj4 ;~rfns ;ldlt,g]kfn a}+s lnld6]8;d]t ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg-g]sfk @)%^, c+s ^ , lg=g+= ^ !, k[i7 $)#_,g]kfn c/a a}+s lnld6]8sf Joj:yfkssftkm{af6 ljgo /]UdL lj4 >d cbfnt;d]tePsf] csf]{ l/6 lgj]bg -@)%* ;fnsf] l/6g+= #)&$_, dxfnIdL kmfOgfG; lnld6]8;d]tlj4 >d cbfnt ePsf] csf]{ l/6 lgj]bg-@)^) ;fnsf] l/6 g+= @&^#_ / ;]G6 h]leo;{:s"nsf tkm{af6 P]=sf k|wfgfWofks af]lgkm];l6Uuf P;=h]= lj4 >d cbfnt;d]t ePsf]l/6 lgj]bg -l/6 g+=)^&WO)&)(_ ;d]tdf>d cbfntn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/If]qsf] Vofngu/L clwsf/If]qlaxLg km};nf u/]sf] egLk6sk6s l/6 hf/L ePsf] ;Gbe{nfO{ ;f]cbfntaf6 uDeL/tfk"j{s u|x0f ul/Psf]kfOPg . cfkm"n] Goflos clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf]

977977977977977

ljifodf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt;dIf d'2f k'uL ;jf]{RrGoflos lgsfon] lglZrt\ dfu{ bz{g x'g] u/Ll;4fGt k|ltkfbg ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf tLl;4fGtxsf] kfngf / cg'z/0f ul/g' ;a}Goflos lgsfosf] st{Jo aGb5 . >d cbfntsf]clwsf/sf] ;|f]t eg]sf] >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf ^) g} xf] . h;df o; kl/R5]bcGtu{tlbPsf] s'g} ;hfo jf cfb]zpk/ lrQ ga'em\g]kIfn] To:tf] ;hfo jf cfb]zsf] ;"rgf kfPsf]ldltn] k}+tL; lbgleq b]xfoadf]lhd k'g/fj]bgug{ ;Sg]5 egL v08 -u_ n] Joj:yfks jfcGo clwsf/L jf sfof{non] u/]sf] ;hfo /cfb]zpk/ ;DalGwt >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bgnfUg] Joj:yf u/]sf] kfOG5 . To;/L >d P]gsf]kl/R5]b * df ul/Psf] Joj:yfcGtu{t ul/Psf];hfo jf cfb]zpk/ dfq >d cbfntdfk 'g/fj ]bg nfUg ]df cGo P ]g, lgod,ljlgodcGtu{t ul/Psf ;hfo jf lg0f{opk/;f]xL P]g, lgod, ljlgodn] g} k'g/fj]bg;DaGwLJoj:yf ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf;d]t To:tf]k|fjwfgcGtu{t pkrf/ gvf]hL l;w} >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{;d]t To:tf] k'g/fj]bgu|x0f u/L Gofo lgk0f ub}{ cfPsf] cj:yfb]lvof] . To;/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 k6sk6sePsf lg0f{onfO{;d]t a]jf:tf u/L cfkm\gf]If]qflwsf/aflx/sf] ljifodf k|j]z ug]{ >dcbfntsf] k|j[lQnfO{ of] Ohnf;n] uDeL/tfk"j{slnPsf] 5 . ctM o; cbfntaf6 k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf /f]xdf / o;cl3sf cGo l/6lgj]bgsf /f]xdf cleJoQm ln\;d]tnfO{dWogh/ u/L cfkm\gf] clwsf/ If]qsf] k|of]uug{ >d cbfnt, sf7df8f}+sf] Wofgfsif{0fu/fOPsf ] 5 . o;sf ] hfgsf/LdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t >d

cbfntnfO{ lbO{ k|:t't lgj]bgsf] bfo/Lsf] nutsf u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg' .

pQm /fodf ;xdt 5f}+ .Gof=/fds'df/ k|;fb zfxGof=;'zLnf sfsL{

Olt ;Djt\ @)^( ;fn d+l;/ @* ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM pd]z sf]O/fnf

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;=sf=d'=k|=GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLcfb]z ldlt M @)&).#.@^.$

l/6 lgj]bg g+= )^*WO)^%@

ljifoM pTk]|if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z

lgj]bs M dw]zL hg clwsf/ kmf]/d, g]kfn-nf]stflGqs_ sf] ;+:yfks s]Gb|Lo;b:o tyf wg'iff If]q g+= $ af6lgjf { lrt ; + ljwfg;ef ;b:o;+hos'df/ ;fx

lj4ljkIfL M ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]

;DdfggLo ;efd'v >L ;'jf;rGb|g]Djf\;d]t

ljlwsf] zf;g (Rule of law) df s'g}klg sfo{ sfg"gn] lgb]{zg u/]cg'k

()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ()$);+hos'df/ ;fx lj= ;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t;efd'v ;'jf;rGb| g]Djf;d]t

&&&&&

lg0f{o g+= ()$)lg0f{o g+= ()$)lg0f{o g+= ()$)lg0f{o g+= ()$)lg0f{o g+= ()$)


978978978978978

jf sfg"gadf]lhd dfq x'G5 . To;dfklg s;}nfO{ s'g} sfo{ u/]afkt cfly{sb08 jf cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpg]lg0f{o ul/G5 eg] To:tf] lg0f{o sfg"gn]Joj:yf u/]sf] eGbf aflx/ uO{ x'g;Sb}g . sfg"gL Joj:yfeGbf aflx/uO{ s;}nfO{ cfly{s b08 lbg] sfo{nfO{ljz]ifflwsf/leq k5{ eGg gldNg] .

s'g} klg ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf]JolQm jf lgsfon] ;+ljwfg jf;f ]adf ] lhd ag ]sf sfg "gaf6ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt ub{5 . ;+ljwfg jfcGo k|rlnt sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf]ljz]ifflwsf/ ljlw;Ddt\ eO{ ;f]adf]lhdeP u/]sf sfo{n] dfq j}wflgstf k|fKtub{5 . ljz]ifflwsf/sf] gfddf sfg"gn]clwsf/ g} glbPsf] lg0f{o jf cfb]zx'g uPdf To:tf] cfb]z sfg"gk|lts"neO{ To;n] j}wflgs dfGotf kfpgg;Sg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_lgj]bssf] tkm{af6 M ljfg clwjQmfo ;'gLn

/+hg l;+x / bLk]Gb| emf

ljkIfLsf] tkm{af6 M ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf/]jtL/fh lqkf7L

cjnlDat ghL/ M;Da4 sfg"g M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,

@)^#, ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^%

cfb]z;=sf=d'=k|=Gof=bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{ M

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f #@/ wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd o; cbfntsf]

clwsf/If]q leqsf] eO{ bfo/ x'g cfPsf] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo / cfb]z o; k|sf/5 M

d l/6 lgj]bs dw]zL hgclwsf/kmf]/d, g]kfnsf] pDd]b\jf/ eO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf]lgjf{rgdf wg'iff If]q g+= $ af6 ljhoL eO{;+ljwfg;ef ;b:osf] kdf xfn;Dd axfn/x]sf] 5' . @)^^ ;fndf dw]zL hgclwsf/kmf]/d -nf]stflGqs_ gfds 5'} /fhgLlts bnn]dfGotf kfO{ d dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf]s]Gb|Lo ;b:o x'g'sf ;fy} ;f]xL kf6L{sf] tkm{af6;+ljwfg;ef ;b:osf] kdf ;+ljwfg;ef tyfJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf k|ltlglwTj ub}{cfPsf]5' . cfk"m hgk|ltlglw ePsfn] hgtfsf]hgu'gf;f]nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef tyf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf cWoIf tyf ;DdfggLo ;efd'v Pj+dfggLo ;b:o tyf ;ef;bxnfO {/fhgLltskdf hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;/sf/sf]Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf cWoIftyf ;DdfggLo ;efd'v >L ;'jf;rGb|g]Djf;Fu af]Ng af/Daf/ ;do dfu u/]sf]df;DalGwt bnsf] ;r]tsdfkm{t cfpg' eof]eg] dfq} af]Ng kfpg'x'G5 xf]Og eg] af]Ngkfpg'x'Gg eg]/ af]Ng lbg'ePsf] 5}g . d}n]k|ltlglwTj u/]sf] bnsf] ;r]tsn] dnfO{ slxn]klg af]Ng] Joj:yf ldnfpg' ePg .

o;kflnsf] hf8f] ofdsf] z'jft;Fu}dw]zdf afSnf] x':;', s'lx/f], lr;f] zLtnx/Ln]ubf{ u/La j[4j[4f afnaflnsfnfO{ ljleGgvfn]/f]u nfUg'sf ;fy} s/La %) hgfsf] d[To'eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ldlt @)^*.(.& ut]sf] a}7sdf;DdfggLo ;efd'vHo";Fu ;do lnO{ af]NgnfO{cg'dlt dfu]sf] lyPF . pQm lbgsf] a}7sdfh'g;'s} kf6L{sf] h'g;'s} ;ef;bn] af]Ng kfpg]

979979979979979

Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] lyof] . ljleGg dfggLo;b:oxn] cfkm\gf] s'/f /fv]kl5 d}n] klgt/fO{sf] ;d:ofsf] ;DaGwdf ;/sf/sf]Wofgfsif{0f u/fpgsf] nflu k6sk6s xftp7fO{ af]Ng ;do dfu]sf]df ;DdfgLo ;efd'vn];do glbO{ pQm lbgsf] a}7s :ylut ePsf]hfgsf/L u/fpg' eof] . Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]bzf}F clwj]zg a}7s ;+Vof *@ ldlt @)^*.(.&df klg af]Ng glbPkl5 PSsf;L p7]sf] l/;yfDg g;sL sfa'aflx/sf] l:ylt l;h{gf eO{d]/f] dfgl;s c;Gt'ng x'g uO{ daf6 b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfOs Iflt x'g uof] . To;kl5;DdfggLo ;efd'vHo"sf ] cfb ]zdf d;+ljwfg;ef aflx/ uPsf] lyPF .

;+ljwfg;efsf] ;"rgfkq $ ldlt@)^*.(.& ut]sf] ;"rgfdf Joj:yflksf ;+;bsfdfggLo ;b:o >L ;+hos'df/ ;fxn]k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf] cdof{lbt,cg'zf;g e x'g] / a}7sleq Wj+;fTds k|j[lQb]vfPsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^% sf] lgod $^ adf]lhd cfhsf] ldltb]lv!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag u/L k|fljlwsaf6Ifltsf] oyfy{ d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f] /sd lghn]kfpg] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L;Da4 ;+;bLo bnnfO{ lbg] eGg] ;DdfggLo;efd'vHo"sf] cfb]zfg';f/sf] ;"rgf kf6L{df6fFl;Psf] 5 . ;fy} Joj:yflksf ;+;b;lrjfnosf] r=g++ !& ldlt @)^*.(.* sf]kqfg';f/ pQm ;"rgf;d]t ;+nUg u/L;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^adf]lhd ldlt @)^*.(.& b]lv !) lbg;Ddsf]nflu lgnDag u/L k|fljlwsaf6 Ifltsf]d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f]sf] Ifltk"lt{ d]/f] kfl/>ldsaf6ug]{ eGg] hfgsf/L u/fOof] .

d hgk|ltlglw ePsf] x}l;otn]hgtfsf] ;d:of ;DdfgLt ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;DdfggLo ;efd'v tyfdfggLo ;ef;bHo"xnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' /;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg' d]/f] st{Jo 7fg]/ljut Psjif{b]lv af]Ngsf] nflu ;do dfuu/]sf]df af]Ng lbOPsf] 5}g . o;af6 g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-!_ !@-#_/ !@-#_-s_ ;d]taf6 k|Tofe"t xssf] xgg\ePsf] 5 . ;fy} dnfO{ lgnDag ug{ / d]/f]kfl/>ldsaf6 Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] sfg"gL cfwf/;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pQm lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yfx]bf{ s'g} ;b:on] ;ef ejgdf zflGt ;'Joj:yftyf cg'zf;g e u/]df jf ug{ nfu]df jf;+ljwfg;efsf] k|lti7fdf wSsf nfUg] lsl;dn];ef ejgleq Wj+;fTds k|j[lQ b]vfPdf jfan k|of]u u/]df jf ug{ nfu]df cWoIfn] lghnfO{an k|of]u u/L ;ef ejgaf6 lgisfzg ug{dof{bfkfnsnfO{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 . o;/LlgnDag ubf{ ;b:onfO{ cWoIfn] a9Ldf !)lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 eGg]Joj:yf eP klg pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod $^df slxF klg cfly{s Ifltk"lt{ ;ef;baf6 e/fpg]Joj:yf 5}g . o;/L lgodfjnLdf pNn]vgePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ dnfO{ ;kmfOsf]df}sf;d]t glbO{ d]/f] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf x'g]u/L ul/Psf] :j]R5frf/L lg0f{o sfg"g;\ut5}g . ;+ljwfg;efdf o;cl3 ePsf o:tfk|s[ltsf 36gfdf s'g} klg dfggLo ;ef;bnfO{s'g} klg sf/jfxL ul/Psf] 5}g t/ dnfO{ sf/jfxLug'{ ;ljwfgk|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xsk|lts"n 5 .

;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]lgod !$^ cg';f/ cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldlt/xg]5 eGg] Joj:yfcg'k xfn;Dd To:tf]



980980980980980

;ldlt u7g ePsf] 5}g . s'g} ;b:on] lgod!$% sf] pklgod ! df plNnlvt cfrf/;+lxtfsf] pNn\3gsf ;DaGwdf s'g} ;ldltu7g g} gu/L :j]R5frf/L lx;fan] ul/Psf]sf/jfxL lgod;\ut 5}g . t;y{, Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] bzf}+ clwj]zg a}7s ;+Vof *@ ;"rgfg+= $ cg';f/sf] sf/jfxL ddfly ubf{ g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !@-#_-s_,wf/f !#-!_ ;+ljwfg ;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod #$-s_, $^, !$^, !$&-v_;+ljwfg;ef -Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] sfo{;~rfng_ lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod !$,!% ljk/Lt ePsfn] pQm ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]lg0f{o pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/ u/L dnfO{;ef;bsf] x}l;otdf hgtfsf] tkm{af6;+ljwfg;ef tyf Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf;efd'v;Fu ;do dfu]kl5 af]Ng lbg lbnfpgx'g egL / d]/f] kfl/>ldsaf6 s'g} klg /sdu}/sfg"gL tl/sfn] sf gug{, gu/fpg' x'gegL ljkIfLsf] gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/Lu/L kfpFm . ;fy} ljkIfLxsf] pk/f]Qm lg0f{otTsfn sfof{Gjog ePaf6 d lgj]bsnfO{cfly{s Pj+ dfgl;skdf ck"/0fLo Iflt x'g;Sg] k|jn ;Defjgf ePsf]n] pQm lg0f{osfof{Gjog gug'{ gu/fpg' egL cGtl/dcfb]z;d]t hf/L u/L kfpFm eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf];+hos'df/ ;fxsf] l/6 lgj]bg kq .

o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf], lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsg hf/L x'g gkg]{ xf]cfb]z hf/L x'g gkg]{ eP af6fsf Dofbafx]s!% lbgleq dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nodfkm{t\lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ egL ;"rgf k7fO{lnlvt hjfkm k/]kl5 jf cjlw gf3]kl5lgodadf]lhd k]z ug'{ . cGtl/d cfb]zsf]dfu u/] ;DaGwdf x]bf{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,

@)^% sf] lgod $^ df Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg ;Sg]Joj:yf ePsf] gb]lvPsf] l:yltdf k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf clGtd 6'f] gnfu];Dd lgj]bsnfO{Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnon] n]v]sf] r=g++&! ldlt @)^*.(.* df plNnlvtkfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg] eGg]sfo{jfxL cl3 ga9fpg' egL ljkIfLsf gfpFdf;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod$!-!_ adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf]5 . ;f]sf] ;"rgf ljkIfLxnfO{ lbO{ lgodfg';f/ug'{ eGg] o; cbfnt Ps GofofwLzsf]Ohnf;sf] ldlt @)^*.!).!# sf] cfb]z .

lgj]bssf] l/6 lgj]bg lhsL/ g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f %^ ljk/LtJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/;Fu ;DalGwtGoflos lgk0fsf] dfkb08 ljBdfg gePsf]cbfntaf6 Gofoof]Uo x'g g;Sg] ljifo ePsf]n]k|:t't l/6 btf{of]Uo g} g/x]sf] lgj]bg ub{5' .Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]a}7sdf ljkIfL dfggLo ;b:on] k|bz{g u/]sf]cfklQhgs Pj+ Wj+;fTds Jojxf/ / To;pk/Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;DdfggLo ;efd'vn];+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^n] lbPsf] ljz]if clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ug'{ ePsf]cg'zf;gsf] sf/jfxLsf] ljifonfO{ clgoldt/ c;+j}wflgs eGg] lhsL/ lnO{ k|:t't l/6lgj]bg bfo/ ug'{ ePsf] kfOG5 . g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f %^-@_ dfJoj:yflksf ;+;bnfO{ cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s sfdsf/jfxL lgoldt ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg]5 /s'g} sf/jfxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}gegL lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ Joj:yflksf ;+;bnfO{dfq x'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdfk|Zg p7fpg ;lsg] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf]5 . ;+ljwfgn] :ki6kdf ;dsIfL csf]

981981981981981

Psnf}6L clwsf/sf] kdf :yflkt u/]sf] /cbfntsf] clwsf/If]qsf] :ki6 ;Ldf nufPsf]ljifodf l/6 bfo/ ug]{ xsb}of lgj]bsnfO{ 5}g/ of] ljifonfO{ Goflos k'g/fnf]sgsf] ljifosf]kdf u|x0f ug] { clwsf/If]q ;DdfgLtcbfntnfO{ klg /x]sf] 5}g . o;/L ;DdfgLtcbfntdf btf{ of]Uo g} g/x]sf] ljifodf lgj]bgu|x0f u/L Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'v lj4sf/0f b]vfpm cfb]z hf/L ug]{ ;DdfgLtcbfntsf] Ps GofofwLzsf] Ohnf;af6 ldlt@)^*.!).!# df ePsf] cfb]z g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] :ki6k|lts"n /x]sf] 5 . of]k|Zg Goflos lgk0fsf] ljifo gx'g] egL;+ljwfgn] g} lgk0f ul/;s]sf] ljifo xf] .

hxfF;Dd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd6'f] gnfu];Dd lgj]bsnfO{ Joj:yflksf ;+;b;lrjfnon] n]v]sf] r=g+= &! ldlt @)^*.(.*sf] kqdf plNnlvt kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/LIfltk"lt{ e/fpg] sfo{jfxL cl3 ga9fpg' egL;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod$!-!_ adf]lhd cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ePsf]cj:yf 5 . To; ;DaGwdf x]bf{ k|:t't lgj]bgsf]xsdf cGtl/d cfb]z hf/L ug]{ cj:yf g}ljBdfg 5}g . lgj]bssf] cg'zf;gxLg,cfklQhgs / Wj+;fTds Jojxf/ lj4;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^adf]lhd ;efd'vaf6 ldlt @)^*.(.& df ePsf]cfb]zsf] sfof{Gjog Joj:yflksf ;+;b;lrjfnon] ldlt @)^*.(.@! df g} ul/;s]sf]cj:yf xf] . lghsf] Wj+;fTds Jojxf/af6 Ifltx'g k'u]sf a}7s sIfsf] 8]lnu]6\; dfOssf]jf:tljs If ltsf ] k | f ljlwsn ] u/ ]sf ]d"Nofgafktsf] () xhf/;d]t ;Def/sfnflu lghsf] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ldlt@)^*.(.@! df g} /fhZj bflvnf eO{ ;s]sf]

cj:yf 5 . o;/L @)^*, kf}if @! ut] g} k"0f{sfof{Gjog eO{ g} ;s]sf] ljifodf @)^*, df3!@ df bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't lgj]bgdf ;DdfgLtcbfntaf6 ldlt @)^*.!).!# dfkfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg]sfo{jfxL cl3 ga9fpg' egL hf/L ul/Psf]cGtl/d cfb]z ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)$( sf] lgod $!-!_ k|lts"n eO{ lg/y{s;fljt ePsf] Joxf]/f lgj]bg ub{5' .

ljkIfL lgj]bsn] ldlt @)^*.(.& sf]a}7sdf l/;sf] cfj]udf cfO{ cfkm"n] b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfO{s Iflt u/]sf] tYo lgj]bgsf]k|s/0f g+= $ df :jLsf/ g} ug'{ ePsf] cj:yf5 . of] sfo{ dfggLo ;b:oaf6 ePsf] ;fdfGocfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] pNn\3g dfq geO{ kbLodof{bfljk/Lt cfklQhgs, Wj+;fTds / /fli6o;DklQsf] ef}lts Iflt k'ofpg];Ddsf] cgk]lIftsfo{ xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]lgod $^ n] ;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf ;'Joj:yfsfod /fVg ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfnfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] lgod !^# n];+ljwfg;efsf] xftfleq ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg];DaGwdf cWoIfnfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/ x'g] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . hgtfsf] s/af6 ;+slnt /sdaf6Joj:yf ul/Psf] /fli6o ;DklQ hgtfsf] s/af6;+slnt /fli6o /fhZjaf6 g} kfl/>lds lng];fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQmaf6 Iflt /xflg gf]S;fgL k'ofOG5 eg] To:tf] JolQmsf]kfl/>ldsaf6 g} sf u/L xflg gf]S;fgL k'u]sf]To:tf] /fli6o ;DklQsf] Ifltk"lt{ u/fpg'dgfl;a, ljj]sk/s / :jfefljs sfo{ xf] .;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfdf cGtlg{xLt of]clwsf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] xsb}of lgj]bsdf5}g . o;nfO{ klg cGoyf lng] xf] eg] /fHosfdxjk"0f{ csf k|d'vsf] lhDdfsf] /fli6o



982982982982982

;DklQ ;+/If0f ug{ g;sL ;fj{hlgs pQ/bflojg} /x]sf] JolQmaf6 Iflt k'ofpg] sfo{n] k|>okfO{ cg'zf;gxLg / hglxt lj/f]wL sfo{nfO{klg :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ lj8Dagfk"0f{ cj:yf l;h{gfx'g k'Ug] :jtM :ki6 5 . ctM ;+ljwfg;efsf];b:o h:tf] ;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf]JolQmaf6 ;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf /x]sf] /fli6o;DklQsf] Iflt k'ofpg] sfo{lj4 ;+ljwfg /sfg "gadf ] lhd ;efd 'vdf cGtlg {xLtclwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ePsf] sfd sf/jfxLJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw;DaGwLljifo eO{ Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ ePsf]n] Gofoof]Uo ljifo x'g} g;Sg]Joxf]/f ;DdfgLt cbfnt;dIf ljgd|tfk"j{slgj]bg ug{ rfxG5' eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf];+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ;efd'v;'jf;rGb| g]Djf\sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9LOhnf;;dIf k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6lgj]bgsf] ldl;n cWoog u/L lgj]bstkm{af6pkl:yt ljfg clwjQmfo >L ;'gLn /+hgl;+x / >L bLk]Gb| emfn] lgj]bs ;+hos'df/;fx ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf ;b:osf]kdf hgtfaf6 lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw ePsf]n]hgtfsf ;d:ofaf/] ;DdfggLo ;efd'v tyfdfggLo ;ef;bHo"xnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg' /;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg' lgj]bssf] st{Jog} xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef tyf Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf];ef;b ePsf ] x ' Fbf ;+;bdf hgtfsf;d:ofxsf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf] ljrf/ JoQmug'{ ;+ljwfgk|bQ clwsf/ klg xf] . lgj]bsn];+;bdf k6sk6s af]Ng vf]Hbf af]Ng glbPsf]/ ldlt @)^*.(.& ut]sf] a}7sdf af]Ng ;dodfu ubf{ klg ;DdfggLo ;efd'vHo"n] af]NgglbO{ a}7s g} :ylut ug'{ ePsf] x'Fbf lgj]bs

tTsfn cfj]udf cfO{ lghaf6 b'O{j6f dfOsIflt x'g uPsf] xf] . o;} ljifonfO{ lnO{ ldlt@)^*.(.& sf] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;"rgfkq $cg';f/ lgj]bsaf6 Joj:yflksf ;+;bdfcdof{lbt, cg'zf;g e x'g], a}7sleqWj+;fTds k|j[lQ b]vfPsf] egL lghnfO{;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^adf]lhd ;"rgf k|sflzt ePs} ldltb]lv !)lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag u/L k|fljlwsaf6Ifltsf] d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f] /sd lgj]bsn] kfpg]kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;Da4;+;bLo bnnfO{ lbg] eGg];d]tsf] ;"rgfk|sflzt ul/of] . pQm lgod $^ df cWoIfn]ljz]if clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ;b:onfO{ a9Ldf!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag ug{;Sg] Joj:yfeP tfklg pQm lgoddf ;ef;baf6 cfly{sIfltk"lt{ e/fpg ;Sg] Joj:yf 5}g . lgodsfg"gdf g} gePsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L:j]R5frf/Lkdf cfly{s b08 ul/Psf] lg0f{oab/efuL 5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod !$^ df cfr/0f cg'udg ;ldltsf]Joj:yf 5 . lgod !$& -s_ df ;ldltsf]sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsPsf] / !$& -v_df cfr/0fsf ;DaGwdf p7]sf k|Zgsf] cfjZoshfgsf/L lng] Joj:yf 5 . t/, pQm ;ldlt g}u7g gu/L :j]R5frf/L lx;fan] ul/Psf] sf/jfxLlgod;\ut 5}g . t;y{, ;efd'vsf] ldlt@)^*.(.& sf] lg0f{o pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zn] ab/u/L lgj]bsaf6 s'g} klg /sd u}/sfg"gLt/Lsfn] sf gug{' gu/fpg' eGg] k/dfb]zsf]cfb]z hf/L u/L kfpFm egL ug'{ ePsf] ax;;d]t;'lgof] .

@= ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf;+;b;d]tsf ] tkm {af6 pkl:yt ljfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L /]jtL/fh lqkf7Ln] k|:t't

983983983983983

l/6 lgj]bgdf p7fOPsf] ljifo ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k"0f{ ljz]ifflwsf/sf] ljifoePsf]n] ;DdfgLt cbfntaf6 lgk0f x'g]ljifo xf]Og . ;fj{ef}d;Qf ;DkGg Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ;d]t sfo{ ug]{ ;+ljwfg;efleqsf]sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ lgoldt ug]{ clwsf/k"0f{kdf ;f] ;efnfO{ 5 . l/6 lgj]bsn]lgj]bgdf st} klg cfkm"af6 ;+ljwfg;efleqtf]8kmf]8 gePsf] jf pQm ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf]Iflt caf6 ePsf] eGg] lhsL/ lnPsf]b]lvFb}g . a lghn] @)^*, k'if * ut] k|sflztgofF klqsfdf lbPsf] k|ltlqmofdf tf]8kmf]8ePsf] s'/f :jLsf/ ub}{ cfkm"nfO{ pQm sfo{sfnflu Unflg gePsf] s'/f pNn]v u/]sf]b]lvG5 . lghaf6 tf]8kmf]8 ePsf] s'/f lglj{jfbePkl5 ;f]sf] pQ/bfoL lghafx]s cGo JolQmx'g] eGg] s'/f x'Fb}g . hglgjf{lrt jf hgk|ltlglwePs} cfwf/df lghnfO{ cfkm\gf] sfo{sf] kl/0ffdef]Ug gkg]{ u/L s'g} ;+j}wflgs jf sfg"gLk|fjwfgn] pGd'lQm lbFb}g . ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bnfO{ cfkm\gf] sf/jfxL lgoldtug{;Sg] k"0f{ clwsf/ k|bfg ug]{ ;+;bLo k|rngtyf ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] ;+ljwfg;efsf] ul/dfsfod ug'{sf] ;fy} ;fj{ef}d hgtfk|lt ;DdfgJoQm ub{5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod $^ n] ;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf ;'Joj:yfsfod /fVg ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfnfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 eg] lgod !^# n];+ljwfg;efsf] xftfleq ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg];DaGwdf cWoIfnfO{ k"0f{ clwsf/ x'g] Joj:yfu/]sf] 5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfdf cGtlg{xLtof] clwsf/nfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] xsb}of lgj]bsdf5}g . ctM ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:o h:tf];fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf ] JolQmaf6;+ljwfg;ef ejgdf /x]sf] /fli6o ;DklQsf]

Iflt k'ofpg] sfo{ lj4 ;+ljwfg /sfg "gadf ] lhd ;efd 'vdf cGtlg { lxtclwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ePsf] sfd sf/jfxLJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw;DaGwLljifo eO{ Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ ePsf]n] Gofoof]Uo ljifo x'g g;Sg]x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 vf/]h u/L kfpFm egL ug'{ePsf] ax; ;d]t ;'lgof] .

#= plNnlvt ax; ;'gL lgj]bs Pj+ljkIfLtkm{af6 k]z ePsf] lnlvt ax; gf]6;d]tcWoog u/L lg0f{o ;'gfpgsf] nflu cfhsf]tf/]v tf]lsPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgDgk|Zgxsf ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvof] M-!_ lgj]bsnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf

;+;bdf !) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDagu/L a}7s sIfdf ePsf] Ifltsf] /sdlgj]bssf] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf ug]{ u/L;efd 'vaf6 ePsf ] lg0f {o;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf]ljz]ifflwsf/sf] ljifo xf] jf o;cbfntaf6 Goflos lg/f]k0f x'g ;Sg]xf] ldsaf6 sf ug]{ u/L;efd'vaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt5 jf 5}g ldsaf6sf ug]{ u/L ;f]sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt ;+;bLobnnfO{ lbg] eGg] ;DdfggLo ;efd'vsf] cfb]zq'l6k"0f{ ePsf] bfjL ub}{ pQm cfb]z ab/ u/LJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf af]Ng ;do lbg lbnfpgPj+ kfl/>ldsaf6 s'g} /sd sf gug{ gu/fpgk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/Lsf] dfu u/]sf] kfOG5 .ljkIfL Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'vsf] tkm{af6k]z ePsf] lnlvt hjfkmdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf dfggLo ;b:o l/6 lgj]bsaf6 cfkm\gf]kbLo dof{bfljk/Lt Wj+;fTds sfo{ u/L a}7ssIfsf] ;DklQsf] ef}lts Iflt k'ofpg];Ddsf]cgk]lIft sfo{ ePsf]n] ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^% sf] lgod $^ / lgod !^# cg';f/;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfnfO{ ePsf] clwsf/ k|of]uu/L !) lbg lgnDag Pj+ Ifltsf] /sd lghn]kfpg] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf ug]{ cfb]z ePsf]xf] . pQm cfb]z Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] cfGtl/ssfo{ljlw;DaGwL ljifo eO{ Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]ljz]ifflwsf/cGtu{t kg]{ ePsf]n] Gofoof]Uoljifo gePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h u/L kfpFmeGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .

%= k|:t't ljjfbdf l/6 lgj]bsJoj:yflksf ;+;b;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:oePsf] / ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]ldlt @)^*.(.& sf] a}7sdf lgj]bsaf6 b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfOs Iflt x'g uPsf] tYodf ljjfbb]lvGg . lgj]bsn] l/6 lgj]bgdf Joj:yflksf;+;bdf k6sk6s af]Ng rfx]sf] / ldlt@)^*.(.& sf] a}7sdf klg af]Ng gkfPsf]n]

PSsf;L p7]sf] l/; yfDg g;sL sfa'aflx/sf]l:ylt l;h{gf eO{ dfgl;s c;Gt'ng x'g uO{b'O{j6f 8]lnu]6\; dfOs Iflt x'g uPsf] tYonfO{:jLsf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 . ;+ljwfg;ef Joj:yflksf;+;bdf ldlt @)^*.(.& sf] a}7sdf x'g uPsf]plNnlvt 36gfsf ;DaGwdf ;efd'v;dIfJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lxaf6k|ltj]bg k]z eO{ ;efd'vaf6, Joj:yflksf;+;bsf dfggLo ;b:o >L ;+hos'df/ ;fxn]k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePadf]lhdsf] cdof{lbt,cg'zf;g e x'g] / a}7sleq Wj+;fTds k|j[lQb]vfPsf] x'Fbf lghnfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^% sf] lgod $^ adf]lhd cfhsf] ldltb]lv!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag u/L k|fljlwsaf6Ifltsf] oyfy{ d"Nofg u/fO{ ;f] /sd lghn]kfpg] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L ;f ]sf ]hfgsf/L;d]t ;Da4 ;+;bLo bnnfO{ lbg] /cfb]z ;"rgfkqdf k|sfzg ug]{ eGg] ldlt@)^*.(.& df lg0f{o eO{ ;"rgf k|sflzt x'g'sf;fy} lgj]bsnfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L lbPsf]b]lvG5 . ljkIfLtkm{af6 pQm lg0f{o ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf] eO{Goflos lg/f]k0fsf] ljifo gx'g] lhsL/ lnPsf]x'Fbf ;f];DaGwL ;+j}wflgs Pj+ sfg"gL Joj:yfx]g'{ ;fGble{s b]lvG5 .

^= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f %^-@_ df Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|To]sa}7snfO{ cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s sfd sf/jfxLlgoldt ug]{ k"0f{ clwsf/ /xg] 5 / s'g} sfdsf/jfxL lgoldt jf clgoldt 5 jf 5}g egLlg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt a}7snfO{ dfqx'g]5 . o; ;DaGwdf s'g} cbfntdf k|Zgp7fOg] 5}g eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . o:t}wf/f %^ sf cGo pkwf/fxdf Joj:yflksf;+;bsf] ljleGg ljz]ifflwsf/sf] Joj:yf u/L

985985985985985

wf/f %^ pkwf/f -*_ df o; ;+ljwfgdfpNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]s ljz]ifflwsf/;DaGwLcGo s'/fx sfg"gf/f lgwf{/0f ul/Padf]lhdx'g]5g\ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . &= ;+;bLo ljz]ifflwsf/sf ;DaGwdfcGo b]zxsf] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf/ ;+;bLo cEof;;d]tnfO{ x]bf{ a]nfotsf];+;bnfO{ zlQmzfnL dflgG5 . tyflk j]nfotsf];+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/ sfg"gaf6 g} lgwf{l/tePsf] dflgG5 . a]nfotsf] ;+;bf/f ;g @)!@sf] clk|ndf kfl/t "Parliamentary Privilege"sf] bkmf !* df "Parliamentary privilege is partof the law, rather than something that puts MPsor peers above the law." eGg] pNn]v ePsf]kfO{G5 . ef/tsf] lbNnL ljZjljBfnosf k|f]km];/d+unrGb| h}gf/f lnlvt !(&% df k|sflzt"The Constitution of India" gfdsf] k':tssf] k[i7g+= !(* df, "In Ingland the privileges ofparliament flow from the law of land; and neitherHouse has power to create any new privilegewhich is not recognized by the common law andprecedent. It has no justify its right to a privilegeon the authority of the common law andprecedent." eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 . sdgn / cbfntL ghL/xn] dfGotf lbPsf] eGbfa9L zlQm tyf ljz]ifflwsf/ a]nfotsf] ;+;bn]k|of]u gug]{ ;+;bLo cEof; ePsf] kfOG5 .

*= ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf ;DaGwdfef/tsf] ;+ljwfg, !($( sf] wf/f !)% dfJoj:yf ePsf] kfOG5 . ef/tsf] ;+ljwfg, !($(sf] wf/f !)% sf] pkwf/f # df, "In otherrespects, the powers, privileges and immunitiesof each House of Parliament, and of themembers and the committees of each House,shall be such as may from time to time be defined

by Parliament by law..." cyf{t\ ;+;bsf] k|To]s;bg, o;sf ;b:o / ;ldltxsf] clwsf/,pGd'lQm / ;'ljwfx ;do;dodf ;+;baf6lgld{t sfg"gf/f lgwf{l/t x'G5g\ eGg] Joj:yf/x]sf] kfOG5 . o;/L a]nfotsf] ;+;bLo cEof;,ef/tsf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf Pj+ g]kfnsf];+j}wflgs Joj:yf x]bf{ ;+;bLo ljz]ifflwsf/sfg"gL Joj:yfeGbf aflx/ geP/ ;+;bnfO{sfg"gaf6 g} k|fKt x'g] clwsf/ dflgG5 .

(= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f %^-@_ df ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|To]s a}7snfO{ cfkm\gf]cfGtl/s sfd sf/jfxL lgoldt ug]{ clwsf//x]sf] 5 . of] clwsf/ d"ne"tkdf ;+;bsf]k |To ]s a}7ssf ] sfo{ ;~rfng;DaGwLsfo{ljlwut k|lqmof Pj+ ;f] k|lqmofcg'k ePsfsfd sf/jfxL;Fu ;DalGwt /xg] x'G5 .Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] k|To]s a}7snfO{ cfkm\gf]cfGtl/s sfd sf/jfxL lgoldt ug] {ljz]ifflwsf/ ePsf]df ljjfb 5}g . s;}nfO{;hfo ug]{ ljifo sfo{ljlwut k|lqmof;Fu;DalGwt geO{ ;f/e"t sfg"g;Fu ;DalGwtx'G5 . ;hfo ubf{ sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePadf]lhdcf/f]lkt s;"/sf ;DaGwdf cfjZos 5fglagu/L ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf;d]t k|bfg u/L sfg"gn]tf]s]adf]lhddfq ;hfo ul/G5 . ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f %^-*_ df o; ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ul/Pb]lvafx]s ljz]ifflwsf/;DaGwL s'/fx sfg"gf/flgwf{/0f ul/Padf]lhd x'g]5g\ eGg] Joj:yfePsf] kfOG5 . o; ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^ df ;'Joj:yfsfod /fVg] cWoIfsf] clwsf/cGtu{t pklgod-!_ df o; kl/R5]b\df o;cl3 h'g;'s} s'/fn]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} ;b:on] ;ef ejgdfzflGt, ;'Joj:yf tyf cg'zf;g e u/]df jf



986986986986986

ug{ nfu]df jf ;+ljwfg;efsf] k|lti7fdf wSsfnfUg] lsl;dn] ;ef ejgleq Wj+;fTds k|j[lQb]vfPdf jf an k|of]u u/]df jf ug{ nfu]dfcWoIfn] lghnfO{ an k|of]u u/L ;ef ejgaf6tTsfn lgisfzg ug{ dof{bfkfnsnfO{ cfb]zlbg ;Sg]5 . o;/L lgisflzt ;b:onfO{cWoIfn] a9Ldf bz lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDagug{ ;Sg]5 eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf]kfOG5 . ;f]xL sfg"gL Joj:yfsf cfwf/dflgj]bsnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efdf !) lbg;Ddsf] nflulgnDag u/]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfgdf ePsf] Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]ljz]ifflwsf/;DaGwL ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfafx]sJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/sf ;DaGwdfcGo sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] kfOGg . k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf plNnlvt ljjfb / ;efd'vsf]cfb]zaf6 lgj]bsnfO{ ul/Psf] cfly{sb08;DaGwL ljifo ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yfePcg'k ljz]ifflwsf/leq kg]{ gb]lvPsf], cGoP]g jf lgoddf klg k|:t't ljjfb / ;hfoljz]ifflwsf/leq kg]{ eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yfgb]lvFbf k|:t't ljjfb ;+;bsf] ljz]ifflwsf/leqsf] geO{ o; cbfntaf6 Goflos lg/f]k0fx'g ;Sg] b]lvof] .

!)= bf];|f ] lgk0f ug' {kg] { k|Zglgj]bsnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf!) lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag u/L 8]lnu]6\;dfOsdf ePsf] Ifltsf] /sd lgj]bsn] kfpg]kfl/>ldsaf6 sf ug]{ egL ;+ljwfg;efsf;efd'vaf6 ePsf] cfb]z sfg"g;Ddt\ 5 jf5}g eGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bsn] k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf hgtfsf ;/f]sf/ / rf;f]sfljifodf ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0fsf] nflu;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf] ldlt@)^(.(.& ut]sf] a}7sdf ;d]t af]Ng gkfPsfn]

PSsf;L p7]sf] l/; yfDg g;sL cfkm"af68]lnu]6\; dfOs Iflt x'g uPsf] tYo :jLsf/u/]sf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsaf6 b'O{j6f 8]lnu]6\;dfOs Iflt x'g uPsf] sf/0f sd{rf/Laf6k|ltj]bg lnO{ ;efd'vaf6 lgj]bsnfO{;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bdf !)lbg;Ddsf] nflu lgnDag Pj+ dfOsdf ePsf]Ifltsf] /sd lgj]bsn] kfpg] kfl/>ldsaf6sf ug]{] cfb]z ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;efd'vaf6pQm cfb]z ubf{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod $^ nfO{ sfg"gL cfwf/ lnPsf]kfOG5 . pQm lgod $^ -!_ df ePsf] sfg"gLJoj:yfn] ;+ljwfg;efdf ;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg];Gbe{df ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:onfO{ ;efejgaf6 lgisf;g ug'{sf ;fy} a9Ldf !)lbg;Ddsf nflu lgnDag ug{;Sg] u/L;efd'vnfO{ clwsf/ k|bfg u/]sf] kfOof] . oLlgj]bsn] ;+ljwfg;efdf an k|of]u u/L b'O{j6f8]lnu]6\; dfOsdf Iflt k'ofPsf] tYo k|:t'tl/6 lgj]bgdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] / pQm sfo{;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^df jl0f{t sfo{leqs} b]lvg cfof] . lgj]bsaf6ePsf] sfo{ ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod $^ sf] k|lts"n b]lvFbf ;efd'vn];+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^n] k|bfg u/]sf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ;+ljwfg;efejgaf6 tTsfn lgisf;g u/L bz lbg;Ddsf]nflu lgnDag u/]sf] sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt g}b]lvof] .

!!= ca lgj]bsaf6 dfOsdf x'g uPsf]Ifltsf] d"Nofg u/L lgj]bssf] kfl/>ldsaf6sf ug]{ egL ePsf] lg0f{o sfg"g;Ddt ePgeP ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ ljkIfLtkm{sf] lnlvthjfkmdf pQm /sd c;"nLsf] lg0f{osf] sfg"gLcfwf/;d]t ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]

987987987987987

lgod $^ g} pNn]v u/]sf] kfOof] . t/, pQmlgod $^ df Ifltsf] /sd c;"nL jf ;b:onfO{cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpg] ;DaGwdf s'g}sfg"gL Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvGg . ljlwsf] zf;g(Rule of law) df s'g} klg sfo{ sfg"gn] lgb]{zgu/]cg'k jf sfg"gadf]lhd dfq x'G5 . To;dfklg s;}nfO{ s'g} sfo{ u/]afkt cfly{s b08jf cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpg] lg0f{o ul/G5eg] To:tf] lg0f{o sfg"gn] Joj:yf u/]sf] eGbfaflx/ uO{ x'g ;Sb}g . sfg"gL Joj:yf eGbfaflx/ uO{ s;}nfO{ cfly{s b08 lbg] sfo{nfO{ljz]ifflwsf/leq k5{ eGg gldNg] x'G5 .lgj]bsnfO{ cfly{s bfloTj axg u/fpg] sfg"gLJoj:Yff g} gePsf] lgod pNn]v u/Lljz]ifclwsf/cGtu{t lg0f{o ul/Psf] eGg]ljkIfLtkm{sf] egfO{ /x]sf] kfOG5 . s'g} klg;fj{hlgs kb wf/0f u/]sf] JolQm jf lgsfon];+ljwfg jf ;f]adf]lhd ag]sf sfg"gaf6ljz]ifflwsf/ k|fKt ub{5 . ;+ljwfg jf cGok|rlnt sfg"gn] k|bfg u/]sf] ljz]ifflwsf/ljlw;Ddt\ eO{ ;f]adf]lhd eP u/]sf sfo{n]dfq j}wflgstf k|fKt ub{5 . ljz]ifflwsf/sf]gfddf sfg"gn] clwsf/ g} glbPsf] lg0f{o jfcfb]z x'g uPdf To:tf] cfb]z sfg"gk|lts"neO{ To;n] j}wflgs dfGotf kfpg ;Sb}g .dfly k|Zg g+= ! df ljj]rgf ul/Padf]lhdlgj]bspk/ ul/Psf] lg0f{o ;+ljwfg;efsf]ljz]ifflwsf/leq gkg]{ / ;+ljwfg;efdf;'Joj:yf sfod /fVg] ;DaGwdf ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% n] cfly{s bflojsf] kdf/sd c;"nL ug{ ;Sg] u/L ;efd'vnfO{ ljz]ifclwsf/ k|bfg gu/]sf] / ;efd'vn] ;b:oaf6a}7s sIfdf x'g uPsf] ef}lts Ifltsf] lgdf{0fug{ ;b:onfO{ cfly{s bfloj axg u/fpglg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] cGo sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] cefjdf

lgj]bssf] kfl/>ldsaf6 Ifltsf] /sd c;"npk/ ug]{ u/L ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf; +;bsf ;efd 'vaf6 ePsf ] lg0f {osfg"gk|lts"nsf] b]lvof] .

!@= t];|f] tyf clGtd k|Zg lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ xf] xf]OgeGg] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ dfly k|Zg g+= @sf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] ljj]rgfcg';f/ lgj]bsn];+ljwfg;efdf an k|of]u u/L b'O{j6f 8]lnu]6\;dfOsdf Iflt k'ofPsf] tYo k|:t't l/6lgj]bgdf :jLsf/ u/]sf ] / pQm sfo{;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^df jl0f{t sfo{leqsf] eO{ pQm lgod $^ sf]k|lts"n b]lvFbf ;efd'vn] ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod $^ n] k|bfgu/]sf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L ;+ljwfg;efejgaf6 tTsfn lgisfzg u/L bz lbg;Ddsf]nflu lgnDag u/]sf] sfo{ sfg"g;Ddt\ ePsfn];f]xb;Dd lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L ul//xg' k/]g . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL,@)^% n] cfly{s bflojsf] kdf lgj]bssf]kfl/>ldsaf6 /sd c;"nL ug{;Sg] u/L;efd'vnfO{ ljz]if clwsf/ k|bfg gu/]sf] /;efd'vn] ;b:oaf6 a}7s sIfdf x'g uPsf]ef}lts Ifltsf] lgdf{0f ug{ ;b:onfO{ cfly{sbfloj axg u/fpg lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] cGosfg"gL Joj:yfsf ] cefjdf lgj]bssf]kfl/>ldsaf6 8]lnu]6\; dfOsdf ePsf] Ifltsf]/sd c;"npk/ ug]{ u/L ;+ljwfg;efJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'vaf6 ePsf] lg0f{osfg"gk|lts"nsf] b]lvFbf ;f] xb;Dddf ljkIfLJoj:yflksf ;+;bsf ;efd'vaf6 ldlt@)^*.(.& df ePsf] lg0f{o pTk|]if0fsf] cfb]zaf6ab/ x'g] 7x5{ .



988988988988988

!#= lgj]bsaf6 8]lnu]6\; dfOsdfePsf] Ifltsf] /sd k|fljlwsaf6 d"Nofg u/fO{lgj ]bssf ] kf l/>ldsaf6 sf ug ] {lg0f{oadf]lhd Iflt x'g k'u]sf a}7s sIfsf]8]lnu]6\; dfOssf] jf:tljs Ifltsf] k|fljlwsn]u/]sf] d"Nofgafktsf] () xhf/ dd{t;Def/sf nflu lghsf] kfl/>ldsaf6 sfu/L ldlt @)^*.(.@! df /fhZj bflvnf eO{;s]sf] egL ljkIfLtkm{sf] lnlvt hjfkmdfpNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 . k|:t't lgj]bgdf o;cbfntaf6 ldlt @)^*.!).!# dfkfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/L Ifltk"lt{ e/fpg]sfo{jfxL cl3 ga9fpg' egL cGtl/d cfb]zhf/L e} /x]sf] eP klg cfb]z hf/L x'g'k"j{ g} () xhf/ lgj]bssf] kfl/>ldsaf6 sf u/fO{lgj]bsdfly cfly{s bfloTj axg u/fOPsf]b]lvFbf pQm /sd (),))). lgj]bs;+hos'df/ zfxnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' egL ljkIfLJoj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf gfddfk/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{ . of] cfb]zsf]hfgsf/L Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnonfO{lbg" . k|:t't l/6sf] bfo/Ltkm{sf] nut sfu/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .Gof=k|sfz j:tLOlt ;Djt\ @)&) ;fn c;f/ @^ ut] /f]h $ z'ed\Ohnf; clws[t M lzjk|;fb vgfn

;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;=sf=d'=k|=GofofwLz >L bfdf]b/k|;fb zdf{

dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|sfz j:tLcfb]z ldlt M @)&).%.#!.@l/6 g+= )^&WO!)^$

d'2fM pTk]|if0f, k/dfb]z .

lgj]bs M If]qLo KnfG6 Sjf/f]lG6g sfof{no,jL/u~hdf s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0f ;d"xsf]/f=k=t[= >]0fLdf sfo{/t\ hLt]Gb| ofbj

lj4ljkIfL M nf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{nocgfdgu/, sf7df8f};d]t

Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] nx/dfn]lvFb}df ;a} z}lIfs pkflwsf] :t/ /dfGotf ;fdfg x'g] cy{ ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!!_ sfg"gn] clVtof/L lbPsf] lgsfon]

u/]sf] lg0f{o k"jf{u|xL, sk6k"0f{ / ljlwk|lqmofk|lts"n /x]sf] egL o; cbfntdfr'gf}tL lbOPsf] cj:yfdf dfq ;f]lg0f{osf] Goflos k/LIf0f x'g ;Sb5 .cGoyf clwsf/k | f Kt lgsfosf ]ljlw;Ddt\ k|lqmofaf6 ;DkGg ePsf]lg0f{osf xsdf cfz+sf ug{ gldNg] .

-k|s/0f g+=!@_ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] pkNnf] Ohnf;sf]

ghL/ ;jf]{Rr cbfnts} pkNnf] eGbfsd GofofwLz ;+nUg Ohnf;sf nflu

lg0f{o g+= ()$!lg0f{o g+= ()$!lg0f{o g+= ()$!lg0f{o g+= ()$!lg0f{o g+= ()$!

&&&&&

989989989989989

/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ghL/ dftxftsfcbfnt;d]tsf Goflos tyf cw{Gofloslgsfonufot ;a}sf nflu GofofwLzlgld{t sfg"gsf kdf afWosf/L x'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!$_ aL=P:;L= -Pu|L=_ s} cfwf/df Pd=P:;L=

OlG6df]nf]hL cWoog u/L pQL0f{ x'G5 /;f]nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfoxn] :gftsf]Q/dfGb5g\ eg] Tof] cltl/Qm z}lIfs pkflwxf] . ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ aL= P:;L= -Pu|L=_sf] pkflw b]vfO{ ;]jf k|j]z u/]sfxdWo] s;}n] Pd=P:;L= -Pu|L_ sf] z}lIfsof]Uotf k|fKt u/]sf] eP cltl/Qm z}lIfspkflw dflgg], t/ s;}n] Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL u/]sf] eP gdflgg] egLcy{ ug'{ ts{;+ut gx'g] .

-k|s/0f g+=!*_ ;]jf k|j]z ubf{ k|fKt u/]sf] pkflweGbf

dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] pkflw k|fKte} ;f] pkflw pQm ;]jf ;d"x jfpk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt ljifosf] cltl/Qmpkflw ePsf] :ki6 b]lvPsf] cj:yfdfsfo{Ifdtf d"Nofgf/f ul/g] a9'jfdflgj]bsn] k|fKt u/]sf] pkflwnfO{cltl/Qm pkflwsf] c k|bfg u/L a9'jfug'{kg]{ .

-k|s/0f g+=!(_

lgj]bstkm{af6 M ljfg jl/i7 clwjQmf>L xl/k|;fb pk]|tL, ljfg clwjQmfx>L ;tL;s'df/ emf / >L c0f 1afnL

ljkIfLtkm{af6 M ljfg ;xGofoflwjQmf>L /]jtL/fh lqkf7L, ljfg clwjQmf >Ldft[sfk|;fb lg/f}nf

cjnlDat ghL/ M g]sfk @)^& c %lg=g+=*#^# k[i7 ^((, g]sfk @)^# c^ lg=g+=&&!) k[i7 &@), g]sfk @)%^c @ lg=g+= ^^^# k[i7 *!

;Da4 sfg"g M g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"xtyf >]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodfjnL,@)%) sf] lgod & ;Fu ;DalGwt cg';"rL# sf] bxfo -r_ %

cfb]zGof=k|sfz j:tL M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd o;cbfntsf] c;fwf/0f clwsf/ cGtu{t bfo/x'g cfPsf] k|:t't lgj]bgsf] tYo / 7x/ o;k|sf/ 5M

d lgj]bs g]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0f;d"xsf] /f=k=t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf ldlt@)%!.!@.!# df lgo'lQm kfO { ljleGgsfof{noxdf sfo{/t\ /lxcfPsf] 5' . o;}aLrdfnf]s;]jf cfof]usf] ldlt @)^^.^.@& sf]uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt a9'jf ;"rgf g+=$@)^&)^* sf] lj1fkgadf]lhd g]kfn s[lif ;]jfafnL ;+/If0f ;d"xsf] /f=k= ltLo >]0fLsf] kb;+Vof Ps / kl5 yk ul/Psf] Ps kb u/LhDdf kb ;+Vof b'O{df sfo{Ifdtfsf] d"Nofgsfcfwf/df a9'jff/f k"lt{ ug]{ egL ;"rgf k|sflztul/Psf ]df d lgj]bsn] klg ;DefJopDd]b\jf/sf] x}l;otn] a9'jfsf] b/vf:t kmf/fde/L a9'jf;DaGwL l;kmfl/z ;"rLdf cfkm\gf]gfd;d]t ;dfj]z x'g] cfzfsf ;fy k|tLIff/t\/x]sf] lyPF .

o; } qmddf a9 'jf ;ldltsf ];lrjfnof/f ldlt @)^&.!!.@^ sf ]uf]/vfkqdf k|sflzt a9'jf ;"rLdf d]/f] gfdl;kmfl/z gu/L cGo JolQmxsf] gfd a9'jfsf]

()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=()$!hLt]Gb| ofbj lj=nf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]tnf]s;]jf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cgfdgu/;d]t


990990990990990

nflu l;kmfl/z u/]sf]df ;f] a9'jf l;kmfl/zdfd]/f] lrQ ga'em]sf]n] d}n] "National Chung HsingUniversity Taiwan" sf] "College of Agricultureand Natural Resources" af6 h'nfO{ %, @)!)df xfl;n u/]sf] Pd=P:;L OlG6df]nf]hL (M.ScEntomology) ljifosf] z}lIfs pkflw cfkm" sfo{/t\/x]sf] ;d"x;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] tyf lqe'jgljZjljBfnon] ;DalGwt ljifodf df:6/l8u|L;/x ;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/L k|yd >]0fLsfod ul/lbPsf]n] ;f] z}lIfs pkflwafktcltl/Qm z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] c k|bfg u/L d]/f]gfd a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z u/L kfpFm egLnf]s;]jf cfof]u;dIf ph"/L u/]sf]df ;f] ph"/Lsf];DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 ldlt @)^*.!.!( dflg0f{o x'Fbf, g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g ;d"x tyf>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx, @)%! dfg]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0f ;d"xsf] /f=k=t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]UotfdfdfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 aL=P:;L=-Pu|L=_jf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL jf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L=jf ;f] ;/x pNn]v ePsf] / lghn] k|fKt u/]sf]Pd= P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL ljifosf] z}lIfs pkflw;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfsof]Uotf ePsf] b]lvFbf a9'jf ;ldltn] ;f] z}lIfspkflwnfO{ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf dfgL cu0fgf u/L a9'jf l;kmfl/z u/]sf] ldn]s}b]lvPsf]n] ph"/stf{sf] lhsL/ k'Ug g;Sg] eO{vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] lg0f{oePsf] s'/f ;f] cfof]usf] lg0f{osf] gSsn dfuubf{ ldlt @)^*.!.@! df gSsn k|fKt eO{yfxf hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf]n] cGofodf k/LGoflos pkrf/sf] lgldQ ;DdfgLt cbfntdfk|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:yt ePsf] 5' .

d}n] k|fKt u/]sf] pQm pkflw tfOjfgsf]"National Chung Hsing University" cGtu{t

"Collage of Agriculture and Natural Resources"af6 xfl;n u/]sf] pkflw xf] . cyf{t\\ pQmpkflw ljz'4 lj1fg (Pure Science) tkm{sf]pkflw geO{ s[lif lj1fg (Agriculture Faculty)tkm{sf] pkflw xf] eGg] s'/fdf s'g} ljjfb5}g . d}n] aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_ sf] pkflw xfl;nubf{ cWoog u/]sf ljifox dWo]sf] OlG6df]nf]hLljifo;d]t cWoog u/]sf] s'/f d}n] xfl;nu/]sf] aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ sf] 6fG;lqmK6af6 k|i6b]lvG5 .

aL= P:;L= -Pu|L=_ cWoog ubf{ s[lif;Fu;DalGwt h] h'g ljifox cWoog ul/G5g\ltg} ljifox dWo] s'g} ljifodf :gftsf]Q/txsf] cWoog ul/g] x'gfn] d}n] aL=P:;L=-Pu|L=_ df cWoog u/]sf] s[lif;DaGwL ljifoxdWo] OlG6df]nf]hL ljifodf :gftsf]Q/ pkflwxfl;n u/]sf] x'F . ;f] pkflw s[lif ljifocGtu{ts}:gftsf]Q/ pkflw xf] eGg] s'/f ;f] z}lIfspkflwsf] k|df0fkqn] g} atfO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 .pQm z}lIfs pkflwnfO{ lqe'jg ljZjljBfnokf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|n] ldlt @)^&.$.#! df;DalGwt ljifodf df:6;{ l8u|L ;/x egL;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cj:yf 5 eg]lg=;]=lg= sf] lgod !@& adf]lhdsf] ;Da4tflgwf{/0f ;ldltaf6 ldlt @)^&.(.@) sf]lg0f{ocg';f/ d}n] xfl;n u/]sf] pQm z}lIfspkflwnfO{ g]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x;Fu;Dj4tf lgwf{/0f ug]{ u/L lg0f{o ePsf] 5 .;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf ;lrj :jod\;Da4tf ;ldltdf a;L lg0f{o u/]sf] cj:yfdflghsf];d]t k|ltlglwTj ePsf] a9'jf ;ldltn];f]afkt c glbg] lg0f{o ug' { cfkm} +dflj/f]wfefifk"0f{ 5 .

;Da4tf ;ldltn] ldlt @)^&.(.@)df g} ;Da4tf lgwf{/0f ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] /

991991991991991

a9'jf ;ldltn] a9'jfsf] nflu l;kmfl/z ug]{ldlt @)^&.!!.@% sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ ldlt@)^&.!!.@^ df a9'jfsf] glthf k|sfzg u/]sf]cj:yfdf a9'jf ;ldltn] ;Da4tf ;ldltsf]pQm lg0f{oaf/] hfgsf/L lnO{ lg=;]=P]gsf] bkmf@$3 -*_ / lg=;]=lg=sf] lgod !@& adf]lhd;f] z}lIfs pkflwsf] c k|bfg ug'{kg]{ sfg"gLst{Joaf6 ljrlnt ePsf] k|i6 b]lvG5 .

aL= P:;L=-Pu|L_ ul/;s]kl5 s[lifdxfljBfno (Agriculture College) af6}Pd=P:;L= u/]sf] x'gfn] ;f] pkflw Pd= P:;L=-Pu|L_ ;/xs} pkflw xf] . cWoogsf] k|d'vljifo OlG6df]nf]hL ePsf] sf/0fn] dfq Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL elgPsf] xf] . ;f] s'/f "NationalChung Hsing University Taiwan" sf] ^ d] @)!!tyf "Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science(IAAS) Department of Entomology, Rampur,Chitwan" sf] ldlt @)^*.!.@^ sf] kqaf6;d]tk'li6 ePsf] 5 . ljz'4 lj1fgtkm{sf] Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hLdf OlG6df]nf]hLsf cfwf/e"t (Basic)s'/fx dfq cWoog u/fOg] x'gfn] To:tf]pkflwnfO{ /f=k=t[= >]0fLsf] kbdf ;]jf k|j]zsf]of]Uotfsf] kdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] cyf{t\\ aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_ sf] j}slNks pkflwsf] kdf /flvPsf]kfOG5 . t/, aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ kl5 cWoog u/Ld}n] xfl;n u/]sf] pQm pkflwcGtu{t cWoogu/fOg] OlG6df]nf]hL ljifosf] cWoog u/fpFbfOlG6df]nf]hLsf] pkNnf] (Advanced) s'/f cWofkgu/fOg] x'gfn] k|:t't ljjfbsf] lg/f]k0f ubf{ ;f]s'g :t/sf] z}lIfs pkflw (Degree) xf] eGg]s'/f ulx/fOsf ;fy a'em\g' h/L x'g cfpF5 .

ljkIfLxsf] pQm sfd sf/jfxL /lg0f{oaf6 dnfO{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !@-#_ -r_, !# -!_ / !(-!_ f/f k|bQ df}lnsxs tyf dfly plNnlvt lghfdtL ;]jf P]g /

lg=;]=lg= f/f k|bQ sfg"gL xsxsf];d]txgg\ ePsf]n] tL xsx k|rng u/fpg cGoj}slNks Pj+ k|efjsf/L pkrf/sf] Joj:yfgePsf]n] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f #@ / !)&-@_ adf]lhd k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg lnO{ ;DdfgLtcbfnt;dIf pkl:yt ePsf] 5' .

d}n] xfl;n u/]sf Pd=P:;L=OgOlG6df]nf]hL z}lIfs of]UotfnfO{ ;]jf k|j]zsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]UotfeGbf dflyNnf] z}lIfsof]Uotfsf] dfGotf glbg] u/L ePsf] a9'jf;ldltsf] ldlt @)^&.!!.@% sf] lg0f{o ;f]a9'jf ;ldltsf] lg0f{onfO{ g} ;b/ ug]{ u/Lcfof]uaf6 ePsf] ldlt @)^*.!.!( sf] lg0f{oPj+ ;f] lg0f{oadf]lhd ljkIfLxnfO{ a9'jflgo'lQm lbg] lg0f{o, a9'jf lgo'lQm kq,kb:yfkgf kqnufot dnfO{ k|lts"n c;/ kg]{u/L ljkIfLxaf6 o; ;DaGwdf u/] ePsfofjt\ sfd sf/jfxL / lg0f{oxnfO{ pTk]|if0fsf]cfb]zn] ab/ u/L lgj]bsn] k|fKt u/]sf]Pd=P:;L Og OlG6df]nf]hLsf] z}lIfs pkflwnfO{dflyNnf] pkflwafktsf] kfpg' kg]{ c k|bfgu/L lgj]bsnfO{ cGo pDd]b\jf/x ;/x h]i7tfsfod ug]{ u/L lg=;]=lg= sf] lgod *$adf]lhd a9'jf lgo'lQm lbO{ lgodfg';f/ kfpg]tna eQf / ;'ljwf;d]t k|bfg ug'{ eGg]k/dfb]znufot cGo hf] rflxg] pko'Qm cfb]zhf/L u/L k"0f{ Gofo kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg kq .

lgj]bg dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z lsghf/L x'g' gkg]{ xf], cfb]z hf/L x'g' gkg]{ s'g}sf/0f eP of] cfb]z k|fKt ePsf ldltn] af6fsfDofbafx]s !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{egL ;"rgf lbg' eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"x tyf>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx, @)%! n]g]kfn s[lif ;]jf, afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x, /f=k=t[tLo



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>]0fLsf] nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf, dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ jf Knf06Kofyf]nf]hL jf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L jf ;f];/x eGg] tf]lsPsf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bs hLt]Gb|ofbjn] cfkm\gf] b/vf:t kmfO{n ;fy Pd= P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hLsf] z}lIfs pkflwsf] 5fofFk|lt k]zug'{ ePsf]df ;f] z}lIfs pkflw pQm ;]jf;d"xsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf;/x b]lvPsf]n]lghn] k|fKt u/]sf] pQm pkflwnfO{ ;]jf k|j]zsf]nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf ;/xsf]c k|bfg u/L sfo{Ifdtf d"Nofg ubf{ lgha9'jf l;kmfl/z ;"rLleq kg{ g;Sg' ePsf]xf] . a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/zpk/ lgh ofbjn]nf]s;]jf cfof]udf ph"/L u/]sf]df cfof]usf]lg0f{ocg';f/ a9'jf ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/z oyfjt\sfod ePsf]n] a9'jf lgo'lQmsf] nflu cfjZossf/jfxL cl3 a9fOPsf] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hof]Uo 5 eGg] a9'jf ;ldlt, ;fdfGok|zf;g dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"x tyf>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx, @)%! dfg]kfn s[lif ;]jf, afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x, /f=k=t[tLo>]0fLsf] nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfdf dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 la=P:;L -Pu|L_ jf KnfG6Kofyf]nf]hL jf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L jf ;f];/x ePsf] / lghn] k|fKt u/]sf] Pd= P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL ljifosf] z}lIfs pkflw ;]jf k|j]zsf]nflu tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]UotfdfqePsf] b]lvFbf ;f] z}lIfs pkflwnfO{ Go"gtd\z}lIfs of]Uotf dfgL c u0fgf u/L a9'jfl;kmfl/z u/]sf] sfg"g;Ddt\ x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hefuL 5, vf/]h u/L kfpFm eGg] nf]s;]jfcfof]usf] lnlvt hjfkm .

l/6 lgj]bsn] o; dGqfnonfO{ lsgljkIfL agfpg' ePsf] xf] / o; dGqfnosf] s]

s'g sfo{n] lghnfO{ cGofo k/]sf] xf] eGg]:ki6 kfg'{ ePsf] 5}g . l/6 lgj]bsn] xfl;nu/]sf] OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L sf] z}lIfspkflwnfO{ lq=lj=n] dfi6/ l8u|L;/x egL;dsIftf lgwf{/0f u/L lbPsf] / lgh l/6lgj]bs s[lif ljifodf :gfts u/L ;]jf k|j]zu/]sf]n] lghn] xfl;n u/]sf] :gftsf]Q/ txsf]pkflwnfO{ dflyNnf] of ]Uotf dfgL o;dGqfnoaf6 lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%)sf] lgod !@& adf]lhd ;f] z}lIfs pkflwnfO{g]kfn s[lif ;]jfcGtu{t afnL ;+/If0f ;d"x;Fu;Dj4tf k|bfg ul/lbPs} 5 . o;y{ l/6 lgj]bsn]lagfsf/0f / cfwf/df o; dGqfnonfO{ ljkIfLagfpg' ePsf] b]lvPsfn] o; dGqfnonfO{ljkIfL agfPsf] xb;Dd pQm l/6 lgj]bgvf/]hof]Uo x'g uPsf] 5 . g]kfn s[lif ;]jf-u7g, ;d"x tyf >]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_lgodx, @)%! n] g]kfn s[lif ;]jf, afnL;+/If0f ;d"x, /f=k=t[tLo >]0fLsf] nflu Go"gtd\z}lIfs of]Uotf dfGotf k|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ jf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL jfOlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L jf ;f] ;/x pNn]vu/]sf] 5 . h;sf] cy{ aL=P:;L -Pu|L_ gu/]sfsf]xsdf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L -Kof]/ ;fO{G;_jf ;f] ;/x u/]sf] eP ;f] cj:yfdf To:tf]dfi6/ l8u|LnfO{ klg ;]jf k|j]zsf] nflu tf]lsPsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf dfGg'kg]{ x'G5 . t/,aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_ u/]sfsf] xsdf OlG6df]nf]hLdfu/]sf] Pd= P:;L= nfO{ cltl/Qm pkflw dfGg'kg]{x'G5 eGg] s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfnosf] lnlvthjfkm .

;j{k|yd o; dGqfnosf] s] s'g sfdsf/jfxLaf6 ljkIfLsf] s] s:tf] xs clwsf/xgg\ ePsf] xf], l/6 lgj]bgdf :ki6 bfjL lng;s]sf] gb]lvFbf lagfcfwf/ / sf/0f o;

993993993993993

dGqfnonfO{;d]t ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ ul/Psf]l/6 vf/]hof]Uo 5 . Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hLpkflwafkt dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotfafktsf]c glbPsf] ljifodf, ;f] pkflw pQm kbsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotfsf] kdf ;]jf;d"x;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf Joj:yf eO/x]sf]dfpQm pkflwafkt dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]Uotfsf]c lbg ldNg] gb]lvPsf]n] a9'jf ;ldlt tyfnf]s;]jf cfof]uaf6 ePsf] lg0f{o ab/of]UogePsf] x' Fbf l/6 vf/]hof]Uo 5 . o;dGqfnoaf6 ljkIfLsf] ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gLxs clwsf/df cf3ft k'Ug] u/L s'g} sfdsf/jfxL gePsf] gu/]sf] x'Fbf k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h u/L kfpFm eGg] ;fdfGo k|zf;gdGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

d lnlvt hjfkmjfnfn] P;=Pn=;L=dfk|yd >]0fL, cfO{=P:;L= ltLo >]0fL, a9'jfsf]nflu cfjZos Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf aL=P:;L=-Pu|L_ k|yd >]0fL / dflyNnf] z}lIfs of]UotfPd=P:;L= -Pu|L_ k|yd >]0fLsf] c xfl;n u/LpQL0f{ u/]sf] 5' . cfkm\gf] cWoogsf] ljifo;Fu;DalGwt g]kfn s[lif ;]jf afnL ;+/If0fsf];d"xsf ] afnL ;+/If0f clws[t kbdfk|lt:kwf{Tds k/LIffdf pQL0f{ ePsf] x'F . g]kfns[lif ;]jfsf] /f=k= ltLo >]0fLdf a9'jf ;ldltn]a9'jfsf ;DefJo pDd]b\jf/xsf] sfo{Ifdtfsf]cfwf/df tof/ kfl/Psf] a9'jf of]Uotfqmdlgwf{/0f ubf{ d lnlvt hjfkmjfnf of]Uotfqmd;+Vof @ df sfod /x]sf] lyPF . ;f] a9'jfl;kmfl/zdf lrQ ga'emfO{ ljkIfLn] nf]s;]jfcfof]u;dIf ph"/L u/]sf]df cfof]uaf6 ;fljslg0f{o g} oyfjt\ sfod x'g] lg0f{o ePadf]lhdldlt @)^*.!.@! sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf]lg0f{ofg';f/ a9'jf ePsf] ;f] kbdf lgo'lQm

kfO{ kb tyf lhDd]jf/Ldf /xL xfn;Dd sfo{/t\5' .

l/6 lgj]bsn] lgj]bgdf g]kfn ;/sf/n]dgf]gLt u/L cWoog ug{ k7fPsf] egL n]lvPsf]Joxf]/f ;To xf]Og . ljkIfL :jo+n] ljZjljBfnotyf cWoogsf] ljifo;d]t 5gf}6 u/L tnaLlabf dfu ug'{ ePsf] x'Fbf labf :jLs[t;Ddg]kfn ;/sf/af6 ePsf] xf] . ljkIfL :jo+n]5gf}6 u/L pRr lzIff cWoog u/]sf] ;f] ljifocyf{t\\ Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL ;]jf k|j]zsf]nflu Go"gtd\ of]Uotf xf], cltl/Qm z}lIfsof]Uotf xf]Og .

g]kfn s[lif ;]jf -u7g, ;d"x tyf>]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_ lgodx @)%) sf]lgod & sf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf tyf !!adf]lhdsf] cg';"rL # cg';f/ ;]jf k|j]zsfnflu rflxg] Go"gtd\ of]Uotf;DaGwL Joj:yfsf]b]xfo -r_%= df /fhkqf\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf]kbsf nflu Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf -dfGotfk|fKt lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 aL= P:;L= -Pu|L_ jfKnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL jf OlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd= P:;Ljf ;f] ;/x pQL0f{ egL lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .h;af6 ljkIfLn] xfl;n u/]sf] Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hLsf] l8u|L s]jn ;]jf k|j]zsf] nfluGo"gtd\ l8u|L xf] eGg] k|i6 5 . ;]jf k|j]zsfnflu lgwf{l/t Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf dflyNnf]txdf a9'jfsf nflu jf~5gLo of]Uotf sbflkx'g ;Sb}g, ljkIfLsf] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL5 .

ljkIfLn] bfjL u/]adf]lhd d08n;/af6 n]vfO{ lnPsf] kq tyf "National ChungHsing University" af6 n]vfO{ lnPsf] kq pxfFsf]lghL ;DaGw / ;Dks{sf pTklQ x'g\ . tLolQs} k|df0fdf u|fXo x'Fb}gg\ . tfklg tLkqxn];d]t lghn] xfl;n u/]sf] l8u|L



994994994994994

Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL g} xf] eGg] yk k'li6u/]sf] 5 . ljkIfLn] g} cfkm\gf] JolQmut kx'Frdfn]vfO{ NofPsf tL kqnfO{ u|x0f u/L x]bf{ klgljkIfLn] tfOjfgaf6 ;]jf k|j]zsf nflu rflxg]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf Pd= P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hLg} xfl;n u/]sf] ljkIfL :jo+n] k|i6 kf/]sf]b]lvG5 . ljkIfLn] bfjL u/]sf] ;Da4tf jf;dsIftf;DaGwL lg0f{on] klg ljkIfLn] xfl;nu/]sf] pkflwnfO{ Pd=P:;L= OlG6df]nf]hL dfg]sf]5 . ;f] l8u|L ;]jf k|j]zsf nflu tf]lsPsf]Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf g} ePsf], ;f] Pd=P:;L=OlG6df]nf]hL Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf xf]Og ;]jfk|j]zsf nflu rflxg] l8u|LeGbf dflyNnf] l8u|Lxf] egL ljkIfLn] ph"/afh"/ u/L ab/ jfltngu/fO{ :jLsf/ u/L a;]sf] / g]kfn s[lif ;]jf-u7g ;d"x tyf >]0fL ljefhg / lgo'lQm_lgodx, @)%) sf] lgod & cg';"rL # n]lgwf{/0f u/]sf] Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf ;f]cg';"rL # sf] b]xfo -r_ %= n] k|i6 u/]sf]5 . ljkIfLsf] l8u|L dflyNnf] l8u|L g} dflgPklg pQm sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] kl/k]|Ifdf aL=P:;L-Pu|L_ ;/xsf] ;f] ;]jf k|j]zsf] Go"gtd\ of]UotfePsf]n] nf]s;]jf cfof]u;d]tn] ;f]xL cfwf/dfd"Nofg u/]sf] / d}n] klg cGoyf ph"/afh"/ug}{ gkg]{ ePsf] xf] .

s[lif ;]jf lgodx, @)%) sf] lgod& adf]lhd cg';"rL # sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfn]aL= P:;L -Pu|L_ jf KnfG6 Kofyf]nf]hL jfOlG6df]nf]hLdf Pd=P:;L=nfO{ Ps} :t/df /fv]sf]k|i6 5 . Pd=P:;L= x'g]ljlQs} OlG6df]nf]hLljifosf] /x]5 eg]

70 mangsir

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