7 x 11.5 long title - cambridge university...

Index

802.11. See IEEE 802.11standard

AAbstract Architecture

Specification defined,FIPA 571

Abstract classes, UML 180Abstract User Interface Markup

Language (AUIML) 367accessKey attribute defined 292–293ACL Specifications defined,

FIPA 573Active transactions

asynchronous 20and CLDC 47defined 19overview 18–22, 723–725Pull mechanisms and 727, 728and SMS 725synchronous 20WAP and 80

Activity diagrams, UMLdefined 162elements in 214, 215–220events and signals 200and GUI development 372–376overview 213–222UI validation, modeling 375VUIs, representing 441

Actorsfunction of 165human 379

inheritance of properties,building 171

system 379Add command defined, SyncML 666Addresses, representing

information collecting 374SAX parsing 108WSDL 115XML 106, 107, 120

ADVcharts, hypermediaextensions for 509–510

Agencies defined 564Agent Authority defined, MASIF 569Agent Interaction Protocol

diagrams, UMLextensions for 575mobile agent interactions,

modeling 586overview 575

Agent Location defined, MASIF 569Agent Management Specification

defined, FIPA 571–572Agent Name defined, MASIF 569Agent System defined, MASIF 569Agent System Type defined,

MASIF 569Agent technologies. See Mobile

Agent platformsAgentUML (AUML) 574–577Agent Wrapper Class code 598Aglets, Java

architecture 591code, sample 592–593

835

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836 Index

Aglets, Java (cont.)defined 589, 590–592and MASIF 591tools 592

Alert command defined, SyncML 667alert element defined 293Amplitude defined 401–402Amplitude modulation defined 617Analysis Model defined 377, 378,

379AndroMDA Project url 159Anomaly Detection Systems 746Apache Cocoon. See CocoonAPIs. See Application

Programming Interfaces(APIs)

Applets defined, Java 589–590Application Layer security

described 736Application Programming

Interfaces (APIs)high-level

and programminglanguages 430

speech and call controlwith 431–432

Java Speech 433–434Nuance Speech Object 432portability and 434vendor-based 432–433VUIs, building 429, 438–447

Applications. See Softwareapplications

Application Service ProviderRegion defined 583

AppLoader, BREW 57Architectures. See also individual

applications by nameclient-server 777–779defined 25, 774designing 774mainframe 775–777mobile applications 25–26, 773–775,

786–787multimodal 550N-tier 779–783patterns defined 26practical considerations 785properties and evaluation of 550–551

ArgoUML 101

ARM compiler, BREW 56Assisted GPS (A-GPS) described 679Asymmetric channels defined 251Atomic command defined,

SyncML 667Atomic interaction

defined 253, 254, 381, 443representing with stereotypes 443

Atomic modality defined 504Attributes defined, CC/PP 134Attribute visibility, specifying 172Augmenting processes defined,

XML Pipeline 124AUML. See AgentUML (AUML)

BBandwidth

connectivity and 617fraudulent use of 742Push based technologies,

requirements 734theft 745

Base64 Encoded Binary Datadata type defined, XMLSchema 121

Batteries, limited and mobilecomputing 14–15

Becomes stereotype and objectrelationships 184

Behavioral view, UML 184Bidirectional text module

defined, XHTML 352Billing information, collecting 320Binary Run-time Environment

for Wireless (BREW)applications, building/

deploying 57–63AppLoader 57architecture 61ARM compiler 56databases and 60Device Configurator 56Emulator 56Grinder 57and hardware 63Image Authoring tool 56Image Converter 56MIF Editor 56mobile agent capabilities of 566and multimodality 531






Index 837

overview 55, 501platform functionality 35, 37Pure Voice converter 57Resource Editor 57SDK 55–57security 746sound functionality 60and synchronization 662telephony API (TAPI) 60TestSig Generator and

AppSigner 57and UIMS functionality 314unit testing 58

BindingSOAP 113WSDL 115

Black box testing 797–798Bluetooth

architecture 627–628devices, states of 628and LANs 629overview 625–630security in 742–743specification 626synchronization profile 662,

663, 671–672Boolean data type defined, XML

Schema 121Boundaries, modeling 380BREW. See Binary Run-time

Environment forWireless (BREW)

Broadcasting defined, UML 201BrowserUA defined, UAProf 141button control defined 302

CCall Control Extensible Markup

Language (CCXML)documents, modeling 474, 475overview 122, 467SMIL and 495state machines and CCXML

containers 468syntax tags 469–473and UML 468–475user interfaces to 475VXML applications,

controlling 474Capabilities Entity defined 730

caption element defined 292–293Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 486–495CC/PP. See Composite

Capabilities/PreferencesProfiles (CC/PP)

CCXML. See Call ControlExtensible MarkupLanguage (CCXML)

CDC. See Connected DeviceConfiguration (CDC)

CDMA. See Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA)

CDPD. See Cellular DigitalPacket Data (CDPD)

Cellular Digital Packet Data(CDPD) 633–634

Cellular wirelesscommunicationdescribed 618–619

Channelsspatial properties of 251–252temporal properties of 251

charset defined, CC/PP 135charWidth defined, CC/PP 135choices tag defined 297class attribute defined 292Class diagrams, UML

defined 49, 131, 162forms and 285, 286JSGF grammars 424and JSR-179 707and location information 690, 712purpose of 171Sync4J 671and user interfaces 262Wisdom extensions 379–380and XML document structure 149

Classesdefining 172–179vs. grammars 421–422methods, defining 172naming 171–172service independent 645

Class ID and applications,identifying 58

Classifiers defined, UML 161CLDC. See Connected Limited

Device Configuration(CLDC)

Client-agent-server overview 561






838 Index

Client-Profile defined, CC/PP 136, 137Client-server and mobile agent

hybrids 560–561Client-side image map module

defined, XHTML 352Client-side validation 301Cocoon

applications, building 90–96architecture 84–85content, transforming 91, 95generators 86installing and using 85and multimodality 537–539overview 83–84, 88, 536–537pipelining system in 125publishing framework 82serializers 87sitemap 87–88transformers 86and UIMS functionality 314

Codebase defined, MASIF 569Code Division Multiple Access

(CDMA) 634–635Code mobility, types of 558Coding standards and testing 795–796Collaboration diagrams, UML.

See also Interactiondiagrams, UML

artifacts 194–196defined 162iterations, modeling 197for mapping service 200messages, displaying 186and mobile agent applications 583and object relationships 185overview 193–198and synchronization 675

Collaborations 198–200,564

Color defined, CC/PP 135Commands

defined, SyncML 666and interactions 257

Common Gateway Interfaces(CGIs) 780–781

Communication Infrastructuredefined, MASIF 569

Communication satellites andmobile communications 6

Component diagrams, UMLartifacts of 227defined 49, 163overview 222–226

Componentschaining of 780defined 134, 161, 224managing 280–283merging defined 141placement, specifying 285rdf:ID attribute defined 141rdf:type attribute defined 141requirements of 225specializing 279and stereotypes 226

Composite Capabilities/Preferences Profiles(CC/PP)

attributes 134charset 135charWidth 135Client-Profile 136, 137client profiles 135, 136color 135components 134data types, simple 136deviceIdentifier 135implementing 139overview 133–137pix-x 135pix-y 135private information,

delivering 139–140profiles 133–134, 136Proxy Profile 136, 138RDF vocabulary 134Request Profile 136schema 135security and P3P 139

Composite interaction defined 253,254

Composite modality defined 504Composite states 203,

211Concurrent property string,

function of 179Configuration diagrams, UML 507Conflicts and data replication/

synchronization 656






Index 839

Connected DeviceConfiguration (CDC) 50–51

Connected Limited DeviceConfiguration (CLDC)

active transactions and 47API overview 42–43class file verification in 41device capabilities, limited 46features of 38–42internationalization,

providing 41I/O functionality, providing 41location awareness 46mobility, dimensions of 46–47networking capabilities,

providing 41platform proliferation and 47profiles defined 41–42QOS, network and 46security sandbox 41serialization 592

Connectivityfunctionality and bandwidth

requirements 617to networks 5software applications,

stationary and 12types of 615wireless and QOS 620–622

Connector stereotype defined,UML 372

Constraints defined, UML 181Constructive processes defined,

XML Pipeline 124Content

generating 111multimodal 513specializing 336transforming 91, 95

Content Entity defined 730Context-aware computing

defined 273, 282, 499Contexts

domain independent 273extrinsic defined 274intrinsic defined 274and location information 709–711Mobile Agent platforms and 604overview 270

specifying 274structural defined 275taxonomy

by domain 272–274by structural positioning 275by temporal positioning 276

and user interfacecomponents 273

Continuous receivers defined 680Control Entity defined 730Control messages defined 255–256Controls classes defined 380Cooperative User Interfaces

Markup Language(CUIML) 528–530

Coordinated Decoupling ofModalities 550

Copy command defined,SyncML 667

Copy stereotype and objectrelationships 184

CPU, limited and mobilecomputing 12–14

CSS. See Cascading Style Sheets(CSS)

CUIML. See Cooperative UserInterfaces MarkupLanguage (CUIML)

DDatabases

BREW 60and client-server architectures 778N-tier architectures 779–783and Windows CE 69–70

Data defined, XML, 145. See alsoReplication;Synchronization, of data

Datagloves as user interface 250Data Link Layer security

described 737Datastore defined, SyncML 665Data types

Base64 Encoded Binary Data 121Boolean 121complex 121defined, UML 161defining in XML Schema 120numeric 120






840 Index

Data types (cont.)simple 121, 136string 120URI 121

Date data type defined, XMLSchema 120

Delete command defined,SyncML 667

Deployment diagrams, UMLdefined 163electricians application 812overview 226–228

Deployment View defined, UML 160Deserialization defined, MASIF

569–571Design Model defined 377Design View defined, UML 160Device capabilities 46, 79, 390Device Configurator, BREW 56deviceIdentifier defined, CC/PP 135Device Info defined, SyncML 665Device motion as user interface 250Device storage, limited and

mobile computing 12–14DFKI Multimodal Architecture

overview 549Diagrams. See individual diagram

by nameDialogue Management for

Multimodality, Sharma 547Dialogue Model defined 377, 382Dialogues

form based 265, 268grammars and 411mixed initiative

defined 266, 409and sequence diagrams 268–270in user interfaces 261–262

model defined 377, 382natural language

defined 266, 408–409sequence diagrams in 268–270

and state diagrams 445types of 265, 408

Differential GPS (DGPS)described 679

Digital Earth project 721Direct Combination defined 396Directed dialogue defined 408Direct Manipulation defined 396

Discovery JINI service defined 52Distribution, customized and

channel availability 248Domain defined 272Domain Model defined 377DOM parsing, XML 106–108, 109Driving directions application

multi-channel systemrequirements 263

retrieving 265–266use cases 263, 758

Dynamic diagrams defined,UML 161

Dynamic meta-modeling defined 510

EEDGE described 639–640Edit module defined, XHTML 352EEMA. See Extensible

Multimodal AnnotationMarkup Language(EMMA)

Electricians applicationdeployment diagram 812design 812–815implementation 815–818mobile use cases 811overview 806presentation diagram 816requirements 806–812XForms document 817

Electromagnetic waves andmodulation 616

Element layer definition DTDdescribed 697

Embedded Visual Basic 64Embedded Visual C++ 64, 66–69Embedded Windows XP 64Emergency Location Immediate

Service (ELI) described 697Employee class, UML 181, 184Emulator, BREW 56Entities classes defined 381Envelope defined, SOAP 113EUROSCOM P809-GI project 643–645Evaluation matrix

electricians application 808J2ME client mobile use case 767, 768location sensitivity

infrastructure 764






Index 841

mobile use cases 759, 760user usage 760–763

Event-based UIMS defined 280–281,285

Eventsdefined 200, 201JINI service 53and objects 201

Everyplace Suite, IBM 97Exceptional Case defined, UML 164Exception handling, full blown

defined 40Exception stereotype defined,

UML 373Exec command defined, SyncML 667Experience Sampling Method

(ESM) and the userexperience 499, 500

Extensible Markup Language(XML)

addresses, representing 106, 107, 120applications, modeling 144attributes and elements, using 294content, transforming 109–111, 324data defined 145documents

representing 145structure of 149

DOM and XSL templates 111history of 105–106instances in 145and J2ME 47–48mapping

meta-model level 146–153namespaces 149, 150to UML

constructs 147–148, 149, 150meta data 145meta-meta data 145meta model 145mobile applications 106, 118model defined 145overview 104parsing

DOM 106–108, 109SAX 108–109WAP 109

vs. RDF 128–130schema

data types, list of 119–121

defined 119GML document, defining 689namespaces 119OpenGIS GML grid 150overview 119–121and UML 146–153XForms 119

Speech GrammarSpecification, W3C 420

UML and 144–146and user interfaces 121–122Web services 111–112

Extensible MultimodalAnnotation MarkupLanguage (EMMA) 517–518

extension element defined 293Extraction processes defined,

XML Pipeline 125

FFeature-level fusion defined 546FIPA. See Foundation for

Intelligent PhysicalAgents (FIPA)

Fitt’s Law 391–392Floating point arithmetic

defined 39Focus, lack of and mobile

computing 23, 390Foreign Agent defined 647Form based dialogues 265, 268Forms

and class diagrams 285, 286controls 259, 305module defined, XHTML 353overview 259

Forward Link Trilateration(FLT) and locationsolutions 682

Foundation for IntelligentPhysical Agents(FIPA) 571–572, 574

Frame-based fusion defined 546Frame stereotype defined, UML 372Frameworks

centralized, fully 31–32hardware-specific 36–37publishing 81–83

Frequency defined 402Frequency modulation defined 617






842 Index

Fusion, levels of 546Fusion and Integration with

multimodalityarchitecture described 786

GGarbage collection defined 40Generators, Cocoon 86Geographical information

system (GIS)architecture 685interfaces, building 686–687and location sensitivity 684–685and mobile applications 686

Geographic Markup Language(GML)

Coordinate Reference System 691Feature 691Geometry 691overview 688–692Temporal constructs 692Temporal Reference System 692Topology constructs 691Unit Definitions 692XLink values in 691and XML 150, 689

Get command defined, SyncML 667GIS. See Geographical

information system (GIS)Global Positioning System

(GPS)accessing programmatically 704–705defined 10, 679location solutions 679satellites, system of 680and triangulation 677

Global System for Mobile (GSM) 638,745

GML. See Geographic MarkupLanguage (GML)

Golden Hammer Antipatterndefined 243, 741

GPRS described 638–639GPS. See Global Positioning

System (GPS)Grammars

vs. classes 421–422defining 424for directed dialogue 411JSGF 413, 424

and mixed-initiative dialogue 411modeling 270, 424modularization 414, 418overview 410–411, 425–426recursive, building 419representing

programmatically 412, 421–424,425

rules 412–414, 415–418,420

specifying 270speech specification, W3C 270UIMS defined 280, 285and validation 301

Graphics, rendering 360Graphic user interfaces (GUIs)

building.NET Framework 366palm applications 362Symbian EPOC 362–365

and J2ME 366mobile

direct combination,application of 395–397

optimization of 389–393overview 316–318

modeling 371–376, 442specialization

distributed 339–340to mobile application 339to server 335–338single channel 333–335user interfaces 369–371

Grasshopper 599–602Grinder, BREW 57group element defined 309GSM. See Global System for

Mobile (GSM)Guarded property string,

function of 178

HHardwarePlatform defined,

UAProf 140Headers defined, UIML 368Health element in user interfaces 234Hexadecimal

EncodedBinaryData datatype defined, XMLSchema 121






Index 843

hint element defined 293History states, UML 203, 212Home Agent defined 647Host conformance defined 540,

559Host defined 564HTML, history of 105, 121HTTP 287, 342Human factors,

defining 233–235, 237–241Hypertext module defined,

XHTML 352

IIBM Everyplace Suite 97IBM Transcoding Publisher 337–338IBM Wireless Transcoding

Publisher (WTP) 96, 97–99IEEE 802.11 standard 630–631,

743–745Image Authoring tool, BREW 56Image Converter, BREW 56Immediacy and mobile

computing 24Implementation Model defined 378Implementation View,

UML 160, 222–228Information streams, types of 525Infrared Data Associations

(IrDA) 631–632Ink Markup Language (InkML) 528InkML. See Ink Markup

Language (InkML)Input channels definedInput element, transforming 295Input mechanisms, limited and

mobile devices 390input tag defined 295–296Input type and multimodality

503–504Inspection processes defined,

XML Pipeline 124Instance data, manipulating 312Instance defined, XML 145InstanceOf stereotype and object

relationships 184Instantiate stereotype and object

relationships 184Integrated circuit (IC) memory

cards defined 51

Integrated circuit (IC)microprocessor cardsdefined 51

Integrated DevelopmentEnvironments (IDEs) 430

Interaction diagrams, UML. Seealso Collaborationdiagrams, UML;Sequence diagrams, UML

actions, specifying 185artifacts 194–196interactions, representing 263messages in 185and multimodality 512overview 185–186

Interaction Model defined 377,378, 379, 382

Interactionsactive 727, 740atomic 253, 254, 381,

443commands and 257composite defined 253, 254cost of, formula 394initiating 725–726menus and 257–258modeling

mobile agents 584and sequence diagrams 185user 185, 263–268

overview 255representing

in UML 262–263user interfaces 267

systems and users 253–254taxonomy, meta-model 262types 257, 606and use case diagrams 262VUIs, building 426–427,

442Interaction Space stereotype

defined 380Interaction Tool Kit component 332Interactive Voice Response

(IVR) 412Inter-channel synchronization

defined 247Interface tags defined, UIML 368Intrusion Detection Systems 746Inversion of Control principle 281






844 Index

IrDA. See Infrared DataAssociations (IrDA)

isQuery property string defined 178item element defined 296itemset element defined 296–297, 298IVR. See Interactive Voice

Response (IVR)

JJADE. See Java Agent

DevelopmentFramework (JADE)

Jar file defined 46Java

agletsarchitecture 591code, sample 592–593defined 589, 590–592and MASIF 591tools 592

applets defined 589–590cards defined 51–52midlets 40, 44, 589, 592mobile agents and 587, 588and multimodality 531overview 37–55parsers 109peer-to-peer architecture

defined 54platforms and programming 36

Java Agent DevelopmentFramework (JADE) 594–599

Java cards defined 51–52Java Community Process

defined 54Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)

applications 44, 46GUIs 366LBS and 704, 705location sensitivity and 46and midlets 592mobile agent capabilities of 567overview 38parsers 109platform and code writing 34and thick-client development 34UIMS functionality and 314and user interfaces 46WAP and 73

and WBXML 126XML and 47–48

Java Speech Grammar Format(JSGF)

class diagrams 424grammar rules in 413, 424meta-model for 423overview 412recursion, types of 419Speech Grammar

Specification, W3C 419–421Java Telephony API (JTAPI)

application architecture 437mobile package 437–438overview 434–438

javax.speech.commands defined 433recognition 433synthesis 433

javax.telephony. packagesdefined

callcenter 436callcontrol 436capabilities 436events 436media 436mobile 436overview 436phone 436–437privatedata 436

JINI 52–53, 602–603JINI Federation defined 53J2ME. See Java 2 Micro Edition

(J2ME)JNI, support for defined 40Joining JINI service defined 53JSGF. See Java Speech Grammar

Format (JSGF)JSR-179 and location

information, accessing 704,705–708

JTAPI. See Java Telephony API(JTAPI)

JXTA overview 612–614

KKeyboards as user interface 249KVM functionality 39kXML defined 109






Index 845

LLanguage defined 404Language of Temporal Ordering

Specification (LOTOS) 550LANs and Bluetooth 629Layout Appropriateness formula

392–393Leaf property string defined 178LEAP. See Lightweight

Extensible AgentPlatform (LEAP)

Leasing JINI service defined 53LIF. See Location

Interoperability Forum(LIF) described

Lightweight Extensible AgentPlatform (LEAP) 594–599

Link module defined, XHTML 352Links

and object relationships 183–184,185

stereotypes and 186List module defined, XHTML 352Localization defined 9Location-based services (LBS)

and J2ME 704, 705in mobile applications 702–704MPP and 704

Location Interoperability Forum(LIF) described 696–697

Locationsapplications, developing 695,

698–700, 790awareness

and CLDC 46in WAP 79

changing 22describing in UML 714functionality testing 805information

accessing and JSR-179 704,705–708

class diagrams and 690, 712and contexts 709–711MANETs and 748modeling 687–688and privacy 720, 748,

790security and 719–720, 743–745

and mobile computing 9–11representing in UML 711–715security and 719–720,

748sensitivity

categories of 10and centralized frameworks 31defined 9and GIS 684–685infrastructure evaluation

matrix 764and J2ME 46Mobile Agent platforms and

604–605WLANs and 683

services and mobilitydata acquisition 677–684overview 676–677system architecture 700–702

solutionscell identification 681enhanced observed time

difference (E-TOD) 682and GPS 679time of arrival 681–682wireless LAN based 683–684

Location Service Module (LSM)described 702

Logic sheets defined, Cocoon 88Long range wireless

communicationdescribed 632–633

Lookup JINI service defined 52LOTOS. See Language of

Temporal OrderingSpecification (LOTOS)

LSM. See Location ServiceModule (LSM) described

MMain Case defined, UML 164MANETs. See Mobile ad hoc

networks (MANETs)Many to many replication

defined 654Map command defined, SyncML 667MASIF. See Mobile Agent System

Interoperability Facility(MASIF)






846 Index

Mechanismsin active transactions 727, 728input 390persistence 655

MEGlets 338Memory limitations, improving 66Menus and interactions 257–258Merging defined 141Messages

atomic defined 253composite defined 253control defined 255–256defined

SyncML 665WSDL 115

displaying 186UML

condition, specifying 197forms of 197in interaction diagrams 185parenthesis in 197sequence numbers 197sequence of 186, 187,

197Messaging

asynchronousand IBM Everyplace Suite 97MSMQ and 69overview 99–100

systems, event-based 306technologies, properties of 724

Meta data defined, XML 145Meta Info defined, SyncML 665Meta-information module

defined, XHTML 353Meta-meta data defined, XML 145Meta model defined 145, 423Microcellular wireless

technology described 619Microsoft

Messaging Queuing (MSMQ) 69Mobile Internet Toolkit 64platforms and programming 36Smart Phone 72

Midlets, Javadefined 44, 589downloading 40and MIDP 592treatment of 44

MIDP. See Mobile InformationDevice Profile (MIDP)

MIF Editor, BREW 56Mixed initiative dialogues

defined 266, 409and sequence diagrams 268–270in user interfaces 261–262, 265

M3L. See Multimodal MarkupLanguage

MLP. See Mobile LocationProtocol (MLP)

MMDA. See MultimediaMultimodal DialogArchitecture (MMDA)

MMIL. See Multimodal InterfaceLanguage (MMIL)

MML. See Multimodal MarkupLanguage

MMS. See Multimedia MessagingServices (MMS)

MobileAddress defined 437Mobile ad hoc networks

(MANETs) 747, 748Mobile Agent platforms

active behavior, implementing 734agents

applications 587–588architectures 783–785and collaborations 564defined 784designing 563features of 564handling 559, 560hybrids of 560–561interactions, modeling 584limitations 566–567replication/synchronization

of 673–674representing 560security issues 567–568separation of concerns 561–564software techniques for 609–611UML extensions for 574, 577–587use case diagrams and 581, 582

basics of 558–560and context 604device adaptation and 608–609limitations of 607–608location sensitivity and 604–605






Index 847

overview 557–558, 564–566as proxies 607QOS and 606and security 748technologies, properties of 724

Mobile Agent SystemInteroperability Facility(MASIF)

Agent Authority 569Agent Location 569Agent Name 569Agent System 569Agent System Type 569aglets and 591codebase 569communication infrastructure 569deserialization defined 569–571overview 568–571security 569–571serialization 569stationary agents 569

Mobile Agent to User InterfaceProject (MAUI) and userinterfaces 606

Mobile applicationsarchitecture 25–26, 773–775,

786–787data replication/

synchronization 653, 657–661,662

developing 13, 755, 756–757,768–772, 788

devices, persistencemechanisms for 655

grammars 425–426implementing 11and infrastructure

integration 763–765internationalization/

localization 720–721location-based services (LBS),

utilizing 702–704markup languages, taxonomy

of 356and mobile agents 564–566N-tier architectures 781–783security 735–742and SMIL 541–544testing 792–795, 799–801, 802–804

transformationtechniques 322–325, 335

UML extensions for 385–389use cases for 757–768, 770–771user interfaces, developing 16,

236–241, 316, 318voice recognition based VUIs,

designing 477voice transcription for 406and VXML 466–467Web Services and 117–118and XML 106

Mobile computing systemsdefined 3, 6dimensions of 8–22history of 4–6virtual machines and 36vs. wireless communication 6–8

Mobile condition defined 7, 22–25Mobile Development

Frameworks 29–31Mobile Information Device

Profile (MIDP)API overview 42–43defined 42, 43–46features of 38–42

Mobile IPaddressing schemes for 728overview 646–649and Push 731

Mobile Location Protocol (MLP)696–697

MobileNetwork defined 437Mobile Node defined 647Mobile Positioning Protocol

(MPP) 693–695, 704MobileProvider defined 438MobileRadio defined 438Mobile Subscriber ISDN number

(MSISDN) defined 728MobileTerminal defined 438Mobility, dimensions of

and CLDC 46–47overview 8, 31, 316, 738–740,

755–756testing and 801WAP and 79–80and Windows CE 70–71

Model defined 145, 161






848 Index

Modeling, 156–157. See alsoindividual topics andapplications by name

Model parser defined 48Model-View-Controller (MVC)

architecture 786limitations of 319–320overview 318–320

Modulation techniques 616–618Module testing 796Monitors as user interface 249MPML. See Multimodal

Presentation MarkupLanguage (MPML)

MSISDN. See Mobile SubscriberISDN number (MSISDN)defined

MSMQ. See Microsoft MessagingQueuing (MSMQ)

Multicasting defined, UML 201Multi-channel systems

driving directions application 263modeling in UML 506–511overview 233, 247, 350, 497testing 802–803

Multi-device synchronization 659Multimedia defined 498Multimedia Messaging Services

(MMS) 77–78, 360Multimedia Multimodal Dialog

Architecture (MMDA) 546Multimedia sequence diagrams,

UML 510–511Multimodal Airline Travel

Information System(MATIS) 333

Multimodal Dialogue Manager 546Multimodal Integrator 544–546, 550Multimodal Interface Language

(MMIL) 525–528Multimodality

architectures 550BREW and 531and Cocoon 537–539content and 513defined 553designing 789dialogue management for,

Sharma 547

dimensions of 506disambiguation, cross-modal 551and extensibility 551Fusion and Integration with

multimodalityarchitecture described 786

implementing 501–502, 530–533,544

input type and 503–504interaction diagrams and 512and internationalization 552–553Java and 531and localization 552–553LOTOS and 550overview 498–500and sequence diagrams 512simultaneous, functionality 506Symbian EPOC and 532and synchronization 539–540types of 502–505usage, usability-centered 505–506validation of 551and WAP 532Windows CE and 532

Multimodal Markup LanguageM3L overview 515–516MML overview 516–517

Multimodal PresentationMarkup Language(MPML) 518–525

Multiplex receivers defined 680MVC. See Model-View-

Controller (MVC)

NNamespaces

mappingUML 147–148, 149, 150XML 149, 150

XML schema 119Natural language dialogues

defined 266, 408–409sequence diagrams in 268–270in user interfaces 259–261

Navigation Markup Language(NVML) 692–693

navIndex attribute defined 292.NET Framework

GUIs, building 366






Index 849

mobile agent platforms for 603parsers 109and programming 36Smart Device extensions for 64Web services and 70

NetworkCharacteristics defined,UAProf 141

Network Layer securitydescribed 737

Network operator defined 583Networks. See also Mobile ad

hoc networks (MANETs)and CLDC 41, 46connectivity to 5transactions in 726UML modeling 642–646wireless

and active computing 725–728overview 624security 742, 745–747

NetworkSelection defined 438Nodes

defined 113, 305, 647UML

attributes and operations,specifying 226

defined 162modeling 226

Nodeset binding defined 305Nomadic Application Support

Specification defined,FIPA 572

N-tier architectures 779–781, 783N-tier Client-server frameworks 32–37Nuance Speech Object APIs 432Numeric data type defined, XML

Schema 120NVML. See Navigation Markup

Language (NVML)Nyquist’s principle 6

OObject Constraints Language

(OCL) 423–424Object diagrams, UML 162, 182–183Object Domain 101Object Flows, illustrating UML 214Object Modeling Technique

(OML) 158

Object module defined, XHTML 353Object Names attribute defined,

UML 183Object Operations attribute

defined, UML 183Object Oriented Languages 157–158Object Oriented Modeling of

Multimedia Applications(OMMMA) 508–510, 511

Objectsconstraints, representing 269events and 201relationships

Becomes stereotype and 184collaboration diagrams and 185Copy stereotype and 184Instance of stereotype and 184Instantiate stereotype and 184and links 183–184, 185stereotypes and 184, 185transient stereotype and 184

states, changing 203UML

attributes 183creation/destruction of 186defined 182–183relationships between 185states and transitions 212

in XML Schema 691Object State attribute defined,

UML 183, 184OFDM. See Orthogonal

Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM)described

OMMMA. See Object OrientedModeling of MultimediaApplications (OMMMA)

One to many replication defined 654One to one replication defined 654Operations

defined, WSDL 115formal syntax for 178parameters, formal syntax for 178property string, function of

Optical memory cards defined 52Orthogonal Frequency Division

Multiplexing (OFDM)described 635






850 Index

Output channels definedoutput form control defined 300

PPAC-Amodeus 332–333Package names defined 413Packaging processes defined,

XML Pipeline 125PAC-TG. See Transformation of

Generic Presentation-Abstraction-Control(PAC-TG)

Page stereotype defined, UML 372Palm platform and

synchronization 661Palm Query Application (PQA),

writing 362–365Paper, printed as user interface 250Parsers

types of 48, 108–109XML 106–109

Partitioned motion patterndefined 711

Peer elements defined, UIML 368Peer-to-peer architectures (P2P)

defined 54and LEAP 595for mobile computing 611–614overview 557–558, 783

Personal information, obtaining 428,440

Physical Layer securitydescribed 737

Piconet described 626Pitch defined 402pix-x defined, CC/PP 135pix-y defined, CC/PP 135Platform for Privacy Preferences

(P3P)and CC/PP security 139overview 310

Platformsproliferation

CLDC and 47and mobile computing 17–18in WAP 80

and thick-client development 34Portability and vendor APIs 434Portals, creating 495Port defined, WSDL 115

Port type defined, WSDL 115Power consumption, status

report 67Power management

functionality 15, 47Power supply

limitedand mobile computing 14–15, 390WAP and 79

and security 739, 790P2P. See Peer-to-peer

architectures (P2P)P3P. See Platform for Privacy

Preferences (P3P)PQA. See Palm Query

Application (PQA),writing

Presence Agent defined 732Presentation-Abstract-Control

(PAC)architecture described 786implementation, sample 321overview 320–322PAC-Amodeus 332–333PAC-TG

applications 328–332benefits 327implementation techniques 333limitations 327–328overview 325–332

Presentation elements defined,UIML 368

Presentation Layer securitydescribed 737

Presentation logic, decouplinglayers of 248

Presentation Model defined 377, 382Presentation module defined,

XHTML 353Presentation stereotype defined,

UML 373Principle of Subsumption

defined 396Principles of Visibility and

n-fold Interactiondefined 396

Privacyin active interactions 740and location information 720, 748,

790






Index 851

Process View defined, UML 160Profiles. See also Composite

Capabilities/PreferencesProfiles (CC/PP); MobileInformation DeviceProfile (MIDP); UserAgent ProfileSpecification (UAProf)

Bluetooth 662, 663, 671–672CLDC 41–42

Promptsimproving 482overview 256, 479

Pronouns, using 479Proximity based methods of

location sensing defined 10Proximity based triangulation

defined 677Proxy Profile defined, CC/PP 136, 138Proxy Server defined, SIP 732Pull mechanisms and active

transactions 727, 728Pull parser defined 48Pure Voice converter, BREW 57Push Access Protocol (PAP)

defined 728, 729–730Push based technologies

and bandwidth requirements 734defined 723functionality 725, 727, 728and mobile IP 731parser defined 48and WAP 78–79, 728–731

PushCharacteristics defined,UAProf 141

Push Initiator (PI) defined 728, 730Push Proxy Gateway (PPG)

defined 728Push-pull model of

communication 18Put command defined, SyncML 667

QQOS. See Quality of service

(QOS)Quality of service (QOS)

ITU-T X.641 and 622Mobile Agent platforms and 606and mobile computing 11–12modeling in UML 622–624

network and CLDC 46and security 739tools 11UTMS nd 621–622and VUI 425WAP and 79and wireless connectivity 620–622

Rrange form control defined 300–302Rational Rose 101rdf:ID attribute defined 141rdf:type attribute defined 141Redirect Server defined, SIP 732ref attribute defined 297References, weak defined 40Registrar Server defined, SIP 732Regression testing 799Remote Object Proxy Engine

(ROPE) 70repeat element defined 309Replication

applications 653, 657–661,662

conflicts in 656defined 652, 654mobile agents 673–674taxonomy 654–656, 674–675

Request Logic Sheet, tags for 89Request Profile defined, CC/PP 136Request Viewer tool defined 337Resource Description

Framework (RDF)CC/PP vocabulary 134overview 127–130resources, identifying 127schema 130–131TestPhone device 128and UML 131–132vs. XML 128–130

Resource Editor, BREW 57Resources

identifyingRDF 127XML Pipeline 125

relationships, specifying 127Responses 256REST architecture 786Results command defined,

SyncML 667






852 Index

Risk on Security Investment(ROSI) defined 741

ROPE. See Remote Object ProxyEngine (ROPE)

Rule grammars 412–414

SSatellite based wireless

communicationdescribed 618

SAX parsing, XML 108–109Scalability issues and testing 804Scalable Vector Graphics

(SVG) 361–362, 688Scatternet, formation of 627Scene analysis

and location sensing 10triangulation 677

Schema. See individualapplication by name

Scripting module defined,XHTML 353

SDL. See Specification andDescription Language(SDL) andtelecommunications

Search command defined,SyncML 667

secret form control defined 296Security. See also individual

programs by nameand device capabilities 739framework, providing 40IBM Everyplace Suite 97location information 719–720,

743–745MASIF 569–571mobile applications 735–742modeling, UML 750, 751and power supply 739, 790vs. privacy 749QOS and 739SIM cards and 740SyncML 668for user interfaces 739in WAP 79, 737

selection attribute defined 297selectMany tag defined 303selectone form control

defined 296–298, 300, 301–303

selectUI attribute defined 297Semantic fusion defined 546Semantic Web defined 127Sequence diagrams, UML. See

also Interactiondiagrams, UML

defined 49, 162dialogues

form based 268mixed initiative 268–270natural language 268–270

driving directions, basicinteractions 264

elements in 188–191messages, displaying 186modeling

mobile agent interactions 185,584

user interactions 263–268VUI 442,

446multimedia 510–511and multimodality 512OMMMA and 511overview 186–192SyncML, basic authentication

for 670Sequential property string,

function of 178Sequential receivers defined 680Serialization

and Aglets 590CLDC and 592defined, MASIF 569

Serializer, Cocoon 87Server-side image map module

defined, XHTML 353Server-side validation defined 300Service, quality of. See Quality

of service (QOS)Service defined, WSDL 115Service Layer definitions

described 697Session Initiation Application

(SIA), function of 730Session Initiation Protocol

(SIP) 731–733Session Logic Sheet, tags for 89Session Security Layer (SSL)

described 737






Index 853

SGML, history of 105Short Messaging Service

(SMS) 649–651, 725Short range transmission

described 619Short range wireless described 625Signals defined, UML 161Signal to Noise Ration (SNR)

defined 401SIM cards and security 740Simple Object Access Protocol

(SOAP)constructs, syntacticaloverview 112–114and ROPE 70

Simultaneous multimodality 506Single Language with Virtual

Machine approach 103Single node binding defined 305Single operating system multiple

language approach 103SLoP. See Spatial Location

Protocol (SLP, SLoP)described

SLP. See Spatial LocationProtocol (SLP, SLoP)described

Smart cards defined 51–52Smart Device extensions for

.NET 64SMS. See Short Messaging

Service (SMS)Snoop tool defined 337SOAP. See Simple Object Access

Protocol (SOAP)Software applications, 234, 781.

See also individualapplications by name

architecture defined 25development 14, 32hardware and 35stand-alone, building 34stationary and connectivity 12

SoftwarePlatform defined,UAProf 140

source attribute defined, UIML 368Spatial Location Protocol (SLP,

SLoP) described 695–696Speaker dependency and voice

transcription systems 404

Specification and DescriptionLanguage (SDL) andtelecommunications 643

Speechmeaning and context in 403qualities of 401–405synthesis, pure 485synthesis by concantenation 484

Speech Grammar Specification,W3C 419–421

Speech synthesis systems 400SSML. See Synthetic Speech

Markup Language(SSML)

Standard Location ImmediateService (SLI) described 697

Standard Location ReportingService (SLRS) described 697

State chart diagrams, UML 162, 203State diagrams, UML

defined 49and dialogues 445elements of 203–210events and signals 200and state machine UIMS 285user interface component

states and 285and XForms processing model 290

State machinesand CCXML containers 468nested defined 211purpose of 203states of 203–211and VUI 426

State machine UIMS. See UserInterface ManagementSystem (UIMS), statemachine

Static diagrams defined, UML 161Stationary agent defined, MASIF 569Status Code defined, SyncML 666Status command defined,

SyncML 667Stereotypes and object

relationships 184, 185Stress testing 804String data type defined, XML

Schema 120Structural view, UML 171–177,

184






854 Index

Structure module defined,XHTML 353

Stylesheet module defined,XHTML 353

Stylus as user interface 249submit form control defined 303Substates defined, UML 211Subsystem defined, UML 161, 162SVG. See Scalable Vector

Graphics (SVG)switch element defined 310Symbian EPOC

GUIs, building 362–365and multimodality 532overview 80–81and synchronization 662

Symmetric channels defined 251, 503Symmetric multimodality

defined 502Sync command defined, SyncML 666Synchronization

Bluetooth, profile 662, 663, 671–672BREW and 662of data

commands for 666–667conflicts in 656defined 652in mobile applications 657–661,

662taxonomy 654–656UML modeling 674–675

inter-channel 247and internationalization 552multi-device 659and multimodality 539–540Palm platform and 661Symbian EPOC and 662and Windows CE 661

Synchronization MarkupLanguage (SyncML) 663–669

Synchronized MultimediaIntegration Language(SMIL) 495, 540–544

Sync4J 669–671SyncML. See Synchronization

Markup Language(SyncML)

Synthetic Aperture Radar Atlas(SARA) digital library 562

Synthetic Speech MarkupLanguage (SSML)

document example 486,493

overview 126, 485–486syntax 486–492

System Requirements Viewdefined, UML 160

Systemsactive, building 733–734defined, UML 161designing 155–156, 245interactions in 253–254

TTable module defined, XHTML 353Tagged values defined, UML 180Tag libraries defined, Cocoon 88Target module defined, XHTML 353Tasks

changes in and mobilecomputing 24

classes defined 379TDMA. See Time Division

Multiple Access (TDMA)described

Telephone as user interface 250Telephony

API (TAPI), BREW 60infrastructure, wired vs.

wireless 437–438JTAPI 434–438and VUI 431, 434

Temporal Representationdefined 539–540

TerraVision 721Testing. See also individual test

by nameBREW 58coding standards and 795–796and the dimensions of

mobility 801locations 805mobile applications 792–795,

799–801, 802–804multi-channel systems 802–803overview 796–797user interfaces 802–804

TestPhone device 128






Index 855

TestSig Generator andAppSigner, BREW 57

text area form control defined 302Text module defined, XHTML 352Text-to-Speech systems 400, 484Thick-Client Wireless

Client-Server defined 33–34Thin-Client Wireless

Client-Serverdefined 33and MVC 319publishing frameworks and 81and WAP 72

3rd Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) 636, 746

Thread grouping defined 40Threat levels, determining 741Time Division Multiple Access

(TDMA) described 634Tokens 414, 420Tools, hardware-specific 36–37Touch screens as user interfaces 249,

503Transactions, 53, 726. See also

Active transactionsTranscoding

defined 323, 324techniques 336–338vs. transformation 323

Transcoding Publisher, IBM 337–338Transformation of Generic

Presentation-Abstraction-Control(PAC-TG)

applications 328–332benefits 327implementation techniques 333limitations 327–328overview 325–332

Transformationscontent 91, 95defined 323, 324techniques, mobile

applications 322–325,335

vs. transcoding 323XForms 334XSLT and 109–111, 334

Transformers 86, 91, 95

Transient stereotype and objectrelationships 184

Transitions defined 277, 392Transmission techniques 618–620Transport Layer security

described 737Triangulation defined 10, 677Trickling reintegration defined 658Triggered Location Reporting

Service (TLRS) described 697Types defined, WSDL 115

UUAN. See User Action Notations

(UAN)UAProf. See User Agent Profile

Specification (UAProf)UDP and active behavior 734UIML. See User Interface

Markup Language(UIML)

UIMS. See User InterfaceManagement System(UIMS)

Unification-based fusion defined 546Unified Modeling Language

(UML) 2.0,improvements to 158

activities 203, 211benefits of 160building blocks of 161–163call defined 201and CCXML 468–475compound transitions defined 212consistency, maintaining 796diagram defined 161(See also individual diagram by

name)event types 201history of 158interactions, representing 262–263interfaces

and abstract classes 180component reuse and 224defined 161function of 224import defined 225specifying 225

and J2ME applications 48–50






856 Index

Unified Modeling Language(cont.)

locations, representing 711–715mapping

and meta-tools 335XML namespaces 147–148, 149,

150methods

definition section,simplifying 179

elements of 179types 179

mobile agents, extensionsfor 574, 577–587

mobile applications 385–389, 757modeling

benefits of 156–157data replication/

synchronization 674–675exceptions 201GUIs 371–372interface components,

generic 283–286interface domain 284–286iterations 197locations 712–715mobile agent

interactions 185, 584, 586motion 715multi-channel

applications 506–511multimodal applications 506–511network services 642–646nodes 226overview 378QOS 622–624responsibilities 179security 750, 751software 156synchronization of data 674–675UI validation 375user interactions 263–268VUI 442–446, 447wireless communications 640–646

multimodal applications,describing 511–513

overview 155, 159–161and RDF 131–132roles 180

self-transition defined 212Specification and Support

Web site url 158state change, representing 201state element, sections of 211stereotypes 180–181system views 160–161time event defined 201tools 100–102transitions

and conflicts 212internal defined 213sources for 212–213

visibility identifiers inVUIs 421–425, 438–447Wisdom Model extensions 378–385and XML 144–146

Unit testing. See TestingUniversal Description Discovery

and Integration (UDDI) 117Universal Mobile

TelecommunicationsSystems (UTMS) 621–622, 638

Update command defined,SyncML 667

upload element defined 302–303URIs

data types 121request, parameters for 694in SIP 733

Usability testing 803–804Use case diagrams, UML

application 164–171, 756defined 162, 163–164Domain Models 377elements inessential defined 379and interactions 262mobile agents and 581, 582Wisdom extensions 380, 715

Use case maps, UML described 640, 641User Action Notations (UAN)

and multimodality 550User Agent Client defined, SIP 732User Agent Profile Specification

(UAProf)BrowserUA defined 141HardwarePlatform defined 140namespaces in 141






Index 857

NetworkCharacteristicsdefined 141

overview 140–143PushCharacteristics defined 141SoftwarePlatform defined 140WAP Characteristics defined 141

User Agent Server defined, SIP 732User input 480–483User Interface Management

System (UIMS)BREW and 314and Cocoon 314event-based defined 280–281, 285grammar defined 280, 285and J2ME 314overview 280state machine

defined 280forms and 286user interface life cycle,

representing 285types of 280–281and VUI 427

User Interface Markup Language(UIML) 325, 366–371

User interfacesbinding and specialization 243–245building 241–243, 265–266, 335,

500, 605–606to CCXML 475channels 245–253components

and contexts 273states 285

consistency in 479datagloves as 250developing

mobile applications 16, 236–241,316, 318

multi-channel 233overview 16, 231–241, 376stationary PC based 235–236

device motion as 250dialogues, types of 261–262, 265elements

binding to instance data 303–305composite, creating from

atomic 308overview 245

element taxonomy 284form based, representing 286form controls 294–303graphic (GUI) (See Graphic

user interfaces (GUIs))health element in 234interactions, representing 267and J2ME 46keyboards as 249layering 243life cycle, representing 285managing 280–283and mixed initiative dialogues

261–262mobile, types of 318monitors as 249mortgage banking application

guidelines 240multi-channel systems (See

Multi-channel systems)multimodal (See

Multimodality)natural language in 259–261overview 276–279paper, printed as 250security for 739specializing 279, 369–371stylus as 249support for 47telephone as 250testing 802–804touch screens as 249, 503transitions defined 277translation of 404varying 15–17voice (VUI) (See Voice user

interfaces (VUIs))WAP support for 80workflow and 255XForms 288, 291,

308–310XML based technologies 121–122

Usersexperience, critical factors

affecting 499information gatheringrole model defined 376–377understanding 478

User view defined, UML 163–171






858 Index

UTMS. See Universal MobileTelecommunicationsSystems (UTMS)

Utterance defined 403

VValidation

client-side defined 301control grammar and 301for mobile use cases 801and multimodal applications 551server-side defined 300UI, modeling 375

Variables, declaring 178Video, delivering to mobile

devices 533–536View defined, UML 161Visual Basic and Windows CE 65–66Visual XML Transformation Tool

defined 337Voice browsers, overview 431, 447–448Voice Extensible Markup

Language (VXML) 122Voice Portlets 495–496Voice recognition systems

accuracy, improving 481clarity in 483overview 407–410purpose of 400

Voice transcriptionfor mobile applications 406overview 405–407purpose of 400

Voice User Interfaces (VUIs)activity diagrams and 441class extensions, meta-model

for 444designing 477, 788–789interactions, building 426–427,

442languages for 429–431modeling

implementation 445with sequence diagrams 442, 446UML 442–446, 447

nesting 414–419overview 399–401and QOS 425tuning 483–484

UMLbuilding and high-level

speech APIs 438–447extensions, Lieberman’s 441grammars, representing 421–425

User Interface ManagementSystem (UIMS) 427

Wisdom Model architecture 439VoiceXML (VXML)

construct mapping 464, 465goals of 449–461overview 431, 448–449syntax tags 450–460and UML 461–463

VUI. See Voice User Interfaces(VUIs)

VXML. See Voice ExtensibleMarkup Language(VXML)

WWAP. See Wireless Application

Protocol (WAP)WAP Binary Extensible Markup

Language (WBXML) 125–126WapCharacteristics defined,

UAProf 141WBXML. See WAP Binary

Extensible MarkupLanguage (WBXML)

WDP. See Wireless DatagramProtocol (WDP)

Web-based DistributedAuthoring andVersioning (WebDAV) 672–673

WebDAV. See Web-basedDistributed Authoringand Versioning(WebDAV)

Web Servicesapplication servers and 781connection, direct 117and mobile applications 117–118.NET Framework 70proxy defined 117Windows CE and 70and XML 111–112

Web Services DescriptionLanguage (WSDL)






Index 859

addresses, representing 115binding defined 115messages 115overview 114–117and XForms 118

White box testing 798Windows CE

and mobile GUIs, building 365mobility, dimensions of 70–71and multimodality 532overview 64–70parsers 109and synchronization 661

Wireless Application Protocol(WAP)

active transactions and 80architecture 73–74, 140deployment of 73, 393–395device capabilities, limited 79vs. HTTP 342and J2ME 73location awareness in 79mobility, dimensions of 79–80and multimodality 532overview 72–73, 340–341,

351platform proliferation in 80power supply, limited and 79proxies and gateways 75–77Push 78–79, 728–731QOS and 79security 79, 737Thin-Client Wireless

Client-Server 72UI 74user interfaces, support for 80and WML 74XML parsing in 109

Wireless communicationsdefined 6, 615–616generations of 637–638vs. mobile computing systems 6–8modeling in UML 640–646networking technologies

and active computing 725–728overview 624security 742, 745–747

Wireless Datagram Protocol(WDP) 341

Wireless Markup LanguageScripting (WMLScript)

overview 342, 349–351XForms and 351

Wireless Markup Language(WML)

overview 122, 342, 343–349tags, descriptions of 344–348and WAP 74

Wireless Session Layer (WSP) 342Wireless Telephony Application

Interface (WTAI) 342Wireless Transaction Layer

(WTP) 342Wireless Transcoding Publisher

(WTP) 96, 97–99Wireless Transport Layer

Security (WTLS) 341–342Wisdom Model architecture

mobile applicationdevelopment and 756–757

overview 376–378UML extensions 378–380, 385,

715and VUI 439

WML. See Wireless MarkupLanguage (WML)

WMLScript. See WirelessMarkup LanguageScripting (WMLScript)

WSDL. See Web ServicesDescription Language(WSDL)

WSP. See Wireless Session Layer(WSP)

WTAI. See Wireless TelephonyApplication Interface(WTAI)

WTLS. See Wireless TransportLayer Security (WTLS)

WTP. See IBM WirelessTranscoding Publisher(WTP); WirelessTransaction Layer (WTP)

XXForms

advantages 339construct mapping 464, 465






860 Index

XForms (cont.)events 305–306as form based application 288form controls 291, 305forms, representing 259instance data 288instance events, processing 310–314model 288model events, processing 310–314model item properties 313navigational interaction

events 306–308overview 122, 286–289processing model 288,

289–291schema 288transformations 334user interfaces 288, 291,

308–310to VXML 462–464WMLScript and 351and WSDL 118in XML schema 119and XPath 290

xforms: events definedactivate 307blur 307delete 312focus 307formcontrolinitialize 311help 307hint 307initializeDone 311insert 312modelConstruct 311modelInitialize 311next 306previous 307recalculate 312refresh 312reset 313submit 313UIinitialize 311valueChanged 308valueChanging 308

XHTMLdefined 121, 343functionality 351–355Mobile Profile 355–360

modulesbi-directional text 352client-side image map 352edit 352forms 353hypertext 352link 352list 352meta-information 353object 353presentation 353scripting 353server-side image map 353structure 353stylesheet 353table 353target 353text 352

Voice Profile 476XLink

expressions, using 292and resource bundles 294values in GML 691

XMI, purpose of 144XML. See Extensible Markup

Language (XML)XML Formatting Objects

(XSL-FO) defined 109xml:lang attribute defined 291–292XML Pipeline

constructive processes 124extraction processes 125inspection processes 124overview 122–125packaging processes 125resources, identifying 125

XML SchemaBase64 Encoded Binary Data

data type 121Boolean data type 121data types

complex 121defining in 120simple 121

Date data type 120Hexadecimal

EncodedBinaryData datatype 121

numeric data type 120






Index 861

objects in 691String data type 120URI data type 121

XPath 109, 290XSL-FO. See XML Formatting

Objects (XSL-FO)defined

XSLTHTML and 111transformations and 334and XML, transforming 109–111

XSL Trace tool defined 337XSP 88–90X + V 515






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